MATHEMATICS 8

2nd QUARTER
Week 1

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Name :______________________________ Score :__________

KEY CONCEPTS
 Equations and inequalities are two of the most commonly used terms in
mathematics.
 An equation is a mathematical sentence which shows that two quantities have the
same or equal values. It uses the equal sign = to show this relationship.
 An inequality, on the other hand, is a mathematical sentence which shows that
two quantities may have different or unequal values. It uses the symbols > , < , ≥ ,
≤ and ≠ to show this relationship.
 A linear equation in two variables is an equation that can be written in the
standard form
Ax + By = C
where A, B, and C are real numbers, and A and B are not both equal to zero.
 A linear inequality in two variables is an inequality that can be written in one of
the following forms:
Ax + By < C Ax + By ≤ C
Ax + By > C Ax + By ≥ C
where A, B, and C are real numbers and A and B are not both equal to zero.
Examples: 1. 3x – y > 1 4. 8x – 3y ≥ 14
2. x – 5y ≤ 9 5. 2y > x - 5
3. 3x + 7y < 2 6. y ≤ 6x + 11
 Certain situations in real life can be modeled by linear inequalities.
Examples: 1. The total amount of 5 – peso coins and 10 – peso coins in the bag is
more than Php 150.

Let us represent the variables: x – number of 5 - peso coins

y – number of 10 – peso coins

If we write the mathematical statement to represent the given situation:

5 (number of 5 – peso coins) + 10 (number of 10 – peso coins) > Php 150

or
5x + 10y > 150
 2. Emily bought two blouses and a pair of pants. The total amount she
paid for the items is not more than Php 980.
Let us represent the variables: x – cost of each blouse
y – cost of a pair of pants

If we write the mathematical statement to represent the given situation:

2 (cost of each blouse) + 1 (cost of a pair of pants) ≤ Php 980

or
2x + y ≤ 980
ACTIVITY 1: WHAT AM I!
Direction: Illustrate the following situations by modeling. Identify the situations which
illustrate linear inequalities in two variables. Then write the inequality model in the
appropriate column. Answer the questions that follow. Numbers one and two is done for
you.

Classification
Real-Life Situations Model
(Inequality or Not)
1. The price of the ticket of a movie (x) and a cup EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE:
of pop corn (y) is more than Php 250.
Inequality x + y > 250
2. The number of sunflowers (x) in the garden is EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE:
one more than twice the number of roses (y).
Not x = 1 + 2y
3. The sum of twenty peso bills (t ) and fifty
peso bills (f ) is greater than Php 420.

4. Five times the length of a ruler (r ) increased

by 2 inches is less than the height of Daniel (y)

5. The yearly budget of Jose (x) is less than the

yearly budget of Gian (y).

6. Seven times the number of male students (x)

and eight times the number of female students
(y) is about 658 students in a school.

7. The budget for “baon” (x) and “pamasahe” (y)

is greater than the budget for school supplies
(s).

8. The total population of children ages 0-5 (x)

and children ages 6-10 (y) of Region X and is
about 4, 600, 000.
QUESTIONS:

1. Are the situations in 2, 6, and 8 different from the situations in 1, 3, 4, 5, and 7?

2. How do you classify situations in 2, 6, and 8? How about in 1, 3, 4, 5, and 7?
3. What makes a mathematical statement a linear inequality in two variables?
4. What makes linear inequality in two variables different from linear equations in
two variables?

 GRAPH OF LINEAR INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES.

The graph of a linear inequality in two variables is the set of all points in the
rectangular coordinate system whose ordered pairs satisfy the inequality. When a
line is graphed in the coordinate plane, it separates the plane into two regions
called half-planes. The line that separates the plane is called the plane divider.

Source: Mathematics-Grade 8 learner’s module, first

edition, 2013, published by Department of Education

To graph an inequality in two variables, the following steps could be followed:

1. Replace the inequality symbol with an equal sign. The resulting equation
becomes the plane divider.
Example: a.) y>x+4 ---------- y=x+4
b.) y<x–2 ---------- y=x–2
c.) y ≥ -x + 3 ---------- y = -x + 3
d.) y ≤ -x – 5 ---------- y = -x – 5
2. Graph the resulting equation with a solid line if the original inequality
contains ≤ or ≥ symbol. The solid line indicates that all points on the line are
part of the solution of the inequality. If the inequality contains < or > symbols,
use a dash or a broken line. The dash or broken line indicates that the
coordinates of all the points on the line are not part of the solution set of the
inequality.
Example:

3. Choose three points in one of the half-planes that are not on the line.
Substitute the coordinates of these points into the inequality. If the coordinates
of these points satisfy the inequality or make the inequality true, shade the
half-plane or the region on one side of the plane divider where these points lie.
Otherwise, the other side of the plane divider will be shaded.
  REMEMBER: The solution to a linear inequality includes all the points in one
half of the plane. We can tell which half by looking at the inequality sign:
a. “>” The solution set is the half plane above the line.
b. “<” The solution set is the half plane below the line.
c. "≥" The solution set is the half plane above the line and also the points on the
line.
d. “≤” The solution set is the half plane above the line and also the points on
the line.
ACTIVITY 2 : GRAPH AND TELL…
Direction: Show the graph and shade the solutions of each of the following inequalities.
Use the Cartesian coordinate plane below.

1. y > x + 2

2. y ≤ -3x + 5

ACTIVITY 3 : MAKE IT REAL

Direction: Answer the following questions. Give your complete solutions or explanations.
1. The difference between Connie’s height and Janel’s height is not more than 1.5 ft.
a. What mathematical statement represents the difference in the heights of
Connie and Janel? Define the variables used.
b. Based on the mathematical statement you have given, who is taller? Why?
c. Suppose Connie’s height is 5.25 ft, what could be the height of Janel? Explain
your answer by showing your solution.

ASSESSMENT
1. To get a passing mark in school, a student must have a grade (g) of at least 75.
Which of the following mathematical statement represent the given situation?
a. g ≥ 75 b. g = 75 c. g ≤ 75 d. none of these
2. Which of the following shows linear inequalities in two variables?
a. 3x + 2y = 4 b. y < 5 c. 3x - y > 4 d. x = 5
3. An inequality using a < or > has a ______ line.
a. horizontal c. solid
b. broken d. vertical
4. In y > 5 + x, where can we find the solution set?
a. above the line c. in the line
b. below the line d. no solution set
5. Lisa bought 5 Sunflowers and 20 Roses for her mother. If x represent the cost of
Sunflower and y represent the cost of Roses, what will be the mathematical
representation of the total cost if he paid at most Php800?
a. 5x + 20y ≤ 800 c. 5x + 20y > 800
b. 5x + 20y ≥ 800 d. 5x + 20y < 800
6. Which of the following is NOT a linear inequality in two variables?
a. 3x + 2 > 2y c. 7 + 4r < 3t
b. 5t ≥ 3 d. 4a − 2b > 7
7. In the inequality 6a + 4b ≥ 10, what could be the possible value of a if b = 2?
a. a ≤ 1/3 b. a ≥ 1/3 c. a < 1/3 d. a > 1/3
8. Which point below is NOT part of the solution? Refer to
figure 1.
a. (0,0) c. (-1,-3)
b. (5,1) d. (20,-5)
9. A bus and a car left a place at the same time traveling
in opposite directions. After 2 hours, the distance
between them is less than 300 km. If the car travels at
a speed of 70 kilometers per hour (kph), which of the
following could be the speed of the bus?
a. 100 kph c. 80 kph Figure 1
b. 90 kph d. 70 kph
10. In the Inequality x + y ≤ 7, which of the following is a solution?
a. (6, 5) b. (7, 6) c. (6, 1) d. (8, 0)

Self-Check
Self-check of all activities (Guided by parents or learning facilitators)
Answers Key:

Activity 1
1. Inequality ------- x + y >250 5. Inequality --------- x < y
2. Not ---------------- x = 1 + 2y 6. Not ------------------ 7x + 8y = 658
3. Inequality ------- 20t + 50f > 420 7. Inequality --------- x + y > s
4. Inequality ------- 5r + 2 < h 8. Not ---------------- x + y = 4, 600, 000
(Answers to follow up questions may vary.)

Activity 2

Activity 3
a.) (Answers may vary)
b.) Connie
c.) 3.75 ft

Assessment

1. A 6. B
2. C 7. B
3. B 8. C
4. A 9. D
5. A 10. C

References
 Mathematics-Grade 8 learner’s module, first edition, 2013, published by
Department of Education pp.209-234.
 https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7gKJsXjnx7rbGthaTZLY2FBdW8/view
 https://www.slideshare.net/rafullido/math-8-linear-inequalities