Raksh Intern

Shri B.V.
V Sangha’s
BASAVESHWAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE
BAGALKOT – 587102
(Government Aided Institution and permanently affiliated to Visveshvaraya Technological
University,
Belagavi accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ grade from 2019-2023)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

AN INTERNSHIP TRAINING REPORT ON
“Construction Of Residential Building And Quarters”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the award of the degree
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
2022-2023
Name of the Company
E I Technologies Pvt. Ltd
Internship Authority/Firm Name
Mr. Vijay Patagunde
Internship Co-ordinator Head of Department

Prof. G. H. Bandihal Dr. P. G. Rakaraddi
Submitted By
RAKSHITA SARANGMATH 2BA19CV059
Shri B.V.V Sangha’s
BASAVESHWAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE
BAGALKOT – 587102
(Government Aided Institution and permanently affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological
University,
Belagavi accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ grade from 2019-2023)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that RAKSHITA SARANGMATH(2BA19CV059)
has satisfactorily completed the INTERNSHIP on “RESIDENTIAL
BUIDLING AND QUARTERS” for partial fulfillment of course in
Civil Engineering Prescribed by Basaveshwar Engineering College,
Bagalkot during the year 2022-2023.
Under the Guidance of Internship Coordinator Head Of Department
Mr.Vijay Patagunde Prof. G. H. Bandihal Dr. P. G. Rakaraddi
Name of Examiner Signature of Examiner
1.___________________ 1.___________________
2.___________________ 2.___________________
3.___________________ 3.___________________
Study on performance of microalgae in wastewater for the removal of triclosan
DECLARATION
I RAKSHITA SARANGMATH bearing USN: 2BA19CV059 student of
“BASAVESHWAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE” Bagalkot I hear by declare
that this report is personally prepared and compiled by me, and that the
contents contained within this report have not been duplicated or published
anywhere or submitted to any university for any degree program by a student
or any other person. I have personally compiled it based on the experience and
training I had with “E I TECHNOLOGIES PVT.LTD” company, Bangalore.
NAME: RAKSHITA SARANGMATH
USN : 2BA19CV059
SIGN :
DATE :
Department of Civil Engineering, BEC, Bagalkote. Page 1

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The internship opportunity I had with “E I Technologies Pvt. Ltd” was a great chance for
learning and professional development. Therefore, I consider myself as a very lucky
individual as I was provided with an opportunity to be a part of it. I am also grateful for
having a chance to meet so many wonderful people and professionals who led me though
this internship period.
I would also like to extend special thanks to the entire staff for their full cooperation,
guidance and support during my internship.
INDEX
Department of Civil Engineering, BEC Bagalkote. Page 2

PHASE-1:
 ABSTRACT
1.1 INTRODUCTION ABOUT INTERNSHIP
1.2 ABOUT THE FIRM
1.3 ABOUT THE WORK FIELD
PHASE-2:
 STUDY AREA
2.1 TECHNICAL REASONS FOR SELECTION OF PARTICULAR
AREA
2.2 STUDY AREA DISCRIPTION AND LOCATION (MAP)
2.3 BRIEF DISCRIPTION OF WORK
2.4 OUTCOMES
PHASE-3:
 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
3.1 EARTHWORK EXCAVATION
3.2 PCC (PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE)
3.3 FOOTING
3.4 CLOUMN
3.4.1 CALCULATION OF STEEL QUANTITY
3.4.2 CALCULATION OF CONCRETE QUANTITY UPTO PLINTH LEVEL
PHASE-4:
 PLINTH
4.1 LINE MARKING FOR PLINTH BEAM
4.2 CONSTRUCTION OF STONE MANSORY UPTO PLINTH LEVEL
PHASE-5:
5.1 SITE VISIT PHOTOGRAPHS
5.2 CONCLUSION


INTRODUCTION:
Internship is an integral part of academic curriculum. Is an initiative to bridge the

gap between knowledge and its application through a series of interventions that will
enable students to gain insight and exposure to industry.
An internship is a learning situation where a student has the opportunity to gain practical
experience. When placed in this situation, student expand their concepts of different
organizational structures and different working relationships within the workplace.
During an internship, we work on real projects, get acquainted with the current market
trends, sharpen your technical skills, and learn in demand technical skills. The value of
the internship really shines through when given the opportunity to work in the field and
experience what the job is really like.
OBJECTIVE OF THE INTERNSHIP:
 To give you the opportunity for college students to utilize theoretical A
 To explain students towards degree of corporate traditions and also get familiar
these individuals with corporate code of behavior.
 To sharpen domain knowledge and provide cross functional skills.
SCOPE OF INTERNSHIP WORK
Scope of Internship work in civil engineering is a professional learning experience that

offers meaningful, practical work related to a student's field of study or career interest. An
internship gives a student the opportunity for career exploration and development, and to
learn new skills.

ABOUT THE FIRM:
E I Technologies Pvt. Ltd. (EIT) was established in September. 2008. Headquarters in

Bangalore, Karnataka State, India. Established realizing the need to deliver technology
enabled Innovative and holistic business solutions in Engineering and IT by leveraging its
core expertise and that of its associates in diverse domains
MISSION:
 Provide professional design and project management consultancy services.
 Emerge as a preferred technology partner for small, medium and large enterprises.
 Consistently deliver quality and value.
 Build talented and skilled professionals in all relevant fields.
 Eliminate all forms of discriminations and, promote tolerance and mutual respect for each
other.
 Create value for all stakeholders.
ABOUT THE WORK FIELD:
At EIT, they work to offer innovative business solutions. They provide effective options
that address the delivery and management of technological and holistic solutions in
specific fields of engineering covering natural and build environment, and Information
Technology. EIT leverage our core expertise and that of our associates to provide
innovative, sustainable and affordable consultancy and design services.
 They shall consistently endeavor to fulfill our interested parties’ requirements and
strive to meet their expectations at all times through dedication, commitment,
anticipation, flexibility and maintain excellent relationship.

 They shall constantly adapt, innovate and refine our approach and methodology in
every aspect of work, in line with national and international standards, practices and,
maintain transparency, credibility and leadership in what we do.
 They shall practice equality and diversity, and commit ourselves to be transparent,
fair and honest in all our actions.
 They shall be aware of our responsibilities, hold ourselves accountable and, abide by
all statutory and legal regulations.
 They shall strive to continually improve our Quality Management System by
adapting a risk based thinking approach.
TECHNICAL REASON FOR SELECTION OF THE PARTICULAR

FIELD/COMPANY/TECHNOLOGY:
The aim of this internship is to permit students to practice theoretical or academic

knowledge required during four years of student and to familiarize to professional
realities. To get an opportunity to apply knowledge, skills and experiences gained during
the academic program to a professional setting. I choose E I TECHNOLOGIES Pvt Ltd
for this internship training for a close observation of work related to Civil Engineering
and application of my academic knowledge in practical field. In this internship, I have
focused on the target that was to get a complete overview of Residential building
construction works (Civil) under E I Technologies Pvt Ltd Bangalore

STUDY AREA DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION (MAP)
LOCATION: Bagalkot-Hubballi By-Pass Road, Navanagar, A P M C Yard,

Bagalkot, Karnataka 587102,India.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF WORK
Whereas building construction activities were carried out at site and learned
about;
1. Working on-site co-ordination.

2. Measurement of the field area.
3. Inspected the perimeter of the residential building
4. Inspected the size of column.
5. Estimation of quantity of Steel up to the plinth beam level.
6. Estimation of quantity of concrete up to the plinth beam level.
7. Procedure for Ground beam and Plinth beam line out marking for excavation.
8. Checked out the measurements of work done in the site according to the
specifications and estimation. And also looked at the construction steps and being
explained the site engineer.
OUTCOMES:
1. An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility.
2. An ability to communicate effectively.
3. The board education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solution in a

global, economic, environmental, and societal context.
4. Management of the labours and the Construction materials at the site.

5. Management of the cost at site and making it most economical as much as possible.
6. Identify the specific design, process and decision to reduce or eliminate the potential for
failure.
7. Learn from the others experience to avoid the pitfalls and minimizing the repetition of
erosion work.
8. A recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning.
9. A knowledge of contemporary issues.
10. An ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for
engineering practice.



EARTH WORK EXCAVATION:
Excavation is the process of moving earth, rock or other materials with tools, equipment or
explosives. It also includes trenching, wall shafts, tunneling and underground. It is the
preliminary activity of the construction project.
Quality Checks for Excavation:
 Recording initial ground level and check size of bottom.

 Disposal of unsuitable material for filling.
 Stacking suitable material for backfilling to avoid double handling.
 Strata classification approval by competent authority.
 Dressing bottom and sides of pits as per drawing with respect to centerline.
 Necessary safety measures observed.
Quality Checks for Filling
 Recording initial ground level

 Sample is approved for back filling.
 Necessary marking/ reference points are established for final level of backfilling.
 Back filling is being carried out in layers (15cm to 20cm).
 Required watering, compaction is done.
 Required density is achieved.
PCC (PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE):

The term PCC stands for plain cement concrete. The mixture of cement, fine aggregate
(sand) and coarse aggregate are generally called plain cement concrete (PCC). Before

starting any R.C.C or masonry work directly on the excavated soil, PCC is done to form a
levelled surface and to avoid laying concrete on soil directly so as to avoid mixing/ with
soil and also to prevent soil extracting water from PCC thereby weakening it.
FOOTING:
A structure essentially consists of two parts, namely the superstructure which is above the
plinth level and the substructure which is below the plinth level.
Substructure is otherwise known as the foundation and this forms the base for any
structure. Generally, about 30% of the total construction cost is spent on the foundation.
The soil on which the foundation rests is called the “Foundation Soil”.
OBJECTIVES OF FOOTING:
 To distribute the total load coming on the structure on a larger area.

 To support the structure.
 To give enough stability to the structures against various disturbing forces, such
as wind and rain.
 To prepare a level surface for concreting and masonry works.

ISOLATED FOOTING:
Isolated footings (also known as Pad or Spread footings) are commonly used for shallow
foundations in order to carry and spread concentrated loads, caused for example by
columns or pillars. Isolated footing can consist either of reinforced or non-reinforced
material.
The isolated footing should only be used when it is absolutely certain, that no varying
settlements will occur under entire building.
Types of Isolated Footing:
 Pad Footing
 Stepped Footing
 Sloped Spread Footing

COMBINED FOOTING:
Combined footing is used while construction of two or more columns when they are close
to each other and their foundations overlap. The main purpose of using combined footing
is to distribute uniform pressure under the footing Hence, this is done so that the center of
the gravity of the footing area should be equal to center of gravity of the two columns.
It is useful when the soil bearing capacity is slow when causes overlapping of adjacent
isolated footings. It is also useful when the proximity of a building line or existing
building or sewer is adjacent to a building column.
TYPES OF COMBINED FOOTING:
• Slab type combined footing
• Slab -Beam type combined footing
• Strap -Beam type combined footing
COLUMN:
RCC column is a vertical structural member which transfers loads from beam and slab
directly to the underneath soil. That means an entire building stands on columns. Most of
the building failure occurs not only for design fault but also for poor construction
practices.
Therefore, it is essential to know the construction procedure of RCC column
appropriately.
RCC Column Construction Process:
RCC columns are mainly constructed in four different stages, which are

 Column Layout Work

 Column Reinforcement Work
 Column Framework and
 Pouring Concrete
CALCULATION OF STEEL QUANTITY FOR COLUMN:
SL Column Particulars Diameter Unit Column Total Length Number of Total

No Type of Bar D Weight = Size of Steel bars Weight
(mm) (D^2/162) (mm*mm) including N=Length/ (Kg)
(kg/m) development Spacing
length (m)
Straight 20 2.469 6 10 148.14

Outer 8 0.40 230X600 1.386 34 18.85
1 C1 Inner 8 0.40 0.84 25 8.4
Hooks 8 0.40 0.143 22 1.26
Total Weight for One Column 176.65
Total Weight for 6 Columns 1056.9
Straight 16 1.58 6 10 94.8
Outer 8 0.40 230X530 1.232 34 16.75
2 C2 Inner 8 0.40 0.76 25 7.5
Hooks 8 0.40 0.143 22 1.26
Straight 16 1.58 6 8 75.84
Outer 8 0.40 230X530 1.232 34 16.75
3 C3 Inner 8 0.40 0.604 25 6.04
Hooks 8 0.40 0.143 22 1.26
Straight 16 1.58 6 4 37.92
Straight 12 0.88 6 4 21.12
Outer 8 0.40 230X450 1.056 34 14.36
4 C4 Inner 8 0.40 0.542 25 5.42
Hooks 8 0.40 0.143 22 1.26

Straight 12 0.88 6 8 42.24

Outer 8 0.40 230X380 0.902 34 12.26
5 C5 Hooks 8 0.40 0.143 22 1.26
Straight 12 0.88 0.23(Dia) 6 8 42.24
Outer 8 0.40 0.143 34 1.945
6 C6 Inner 8 0.40 0.143 22 1.258
TOTAL WEIGHT OF STEEL FOR COLUMNS UPTO 6m LENGTH 3778.25
CALCULATION OF CONCRETE QUANTITY UPTO PLINTH LEVEL:

SL COLUMN
NO NAME L(M) W(M) H(M) QUANTITY(M^3)
1 C4 0.46 0.23 0.27 0.029
2 C4 0.46 0.23 0.41 0.043
3 C4 0.45 0.23 0.47 0.049
4 C2 0.54 0.23 0.7 0.087
5 C2 0.54 0.23 1.06 0.132
6 C1 0.61 0.23 0.76 0.107
7 C2 0.53 0.23 0.85 0.104
8 C1 0.61 0.23 0.76 0.107
9 C1 0.61 0.23 1.19 0.167
10 C3 0.54 0.23 0.87 0.108
11 C3 0.56 0.23 0.74 0.095
12 C6 0.23 0.23 0.67 0.035
13 C6 0.23 0.23 0.71 0.038
14 C6 0.23 0.23 0.65 0.034
15 C6 0.23 0.23 0.64 0.034
16 C1 0.23 0.62 0.84 0.120
17 C1 0.23 0.61 1.33 0.187
18 C3 0.23 0.53 1.73 0.211
19 C3 0.23 0.53 1.74 0.212
20 C3 0.23 0.53 2.06 0.251
21 C2 0.23 0.53 1.7 0.207
22 C1 0.23 0.62 1.5 0.214
23 C2 0.23 0.53 1.23 0.150
24 C4 0.23 0.45 1.62 0.168
25 C2 0.23 0.54 1.96 0.243
26 C2 0.23 0.54 2.1 0.261

27 C4 0.23 0.45 2.2 0.228

28
C5 0.23 0.37 1.4 0.119
29 C5 0.23 0.37 1.1 0.094
30 C5 0.23 0.36 1.22 0.101
31 C5 0.23 0.38 1.73 0.151
32 C5 0.23 0.38 1.58 0.138
33 C5 0.23 0.38 1.47 0.128
34 C5 0.23 0.38 1.86 0.163
35 C5 0.23 0.38 2.2 0.192
36 C5 0.23 0.38 2.12 0.185
37 C5 0.23 0.38 1.16 0.101
38 C5 0.23 0.38 1.17 0.102
39 C5 0.23 0.37 1.16 0.099
TOTAL 5.193
PLINTH:
Plinth is the part of the superstructure between the top of the tie beam at the
finished ground level.(The top level of the soil surrounding the structure that
has been prepared and levelled prior toConstruction) and the floor level of the
building (the ground floor level inside the building).
LINE MARKING FOR PLINTH BEAM
PLINTH LEVEL:
It is also called ground floor level. It is the level where you actually starts
columns rising from the floor. As well as its first level the of beams from
where superstructure starts. Plinth is used to describe column bases. Beam
which braces the plinth level is called plinth beam. The Plinth is technically
from where the superstructure starts after the foundation.

PLINTH HEIGHT:
The plinth height is in between 300mm-450mm from ground level. It is

recommended that the
Minimum plinth height of 150mm is adopted from top of the road.
Checking of level of plinth beam using water tube level:
A Tube Level is essentially a transparent plastic tube filled up with a column of

water. It is used to transfer a vertical level across a distance. It works based on
the principle that water seeks its own level. When the two ends of the tube are
held up, the water surfaces will always rest at the same vertical plane.
APPLICATIONS OF PLINTH:
 It is mandatory to provide plinth beam in areas that prone to earthquake

 Construction of plinth beam above the natural ground is another
application of type of beam.
CONSTRUCTION OF STONE MANSORY UPTO PLINTH LEVEL:
The purpose of stone masonry foundation is to support structural walls and

transfer load to the soil beneath it. It should serve its purpose without
settlement or sinking. The load exerted on stone masonry footing should be
vertical.

SITE VISIT PHOTOGRAPH:

MEASUREMENT OF COLUMNS:

LINE OUT FOR PLINTH BEAM:

EXCAVATION FOR PLINTH BEAM:

SITE IMAGE:

CONCLUSION:
Under the guidelines of Mr. Vijay Patagunde as a mentor, we have got opportunity to
understand the technical and managerial aspect of residential project. The main aim of
studies within the project was to investigate how a structure is constructed within its
desired properties. We got to know about the basic and advanced techniques of building
construction as well as saw the challenges which a civil engineer have to face during
construction i.e. labor problems, cost management, environmental challenges etc. We
cleared our many doubts regarding building construction. Over all it must be said that the
construction methods and quality control on a residential project needs a very good
coordination and large quantities of man power, equipment and funds. During the period
of 4 weeks all the site staff helped us a lot to provide all the information about any query.
So we are grateful to E I Technologies for giving us the opportunity to learn and grow.

tract, while a lower rate of absorption occurs dermally. They have been found in human blood, plasma
and breast milk (Adolfsson-Erici et al. 2002).

Microalgae are promising candidates for wastewater reclamation as they are capable of removing toxic
compounds. They possess most interesting and most used type of alternative biomass in current
wastewater applications. The complex variety of functional groups present in the cell wall of algae allows
the binding of pollutants to the cell surface via a phenomenon called biosorption (Michalak et al., 2013).
Algal made wastewater treatment system a significant low -cost alternatives to complex expensive
treatment systems particularly for purification of municipal wastewater.Hence they are widely used in
wastewater treatment in present days.
The mechanisms involved in the removal of micro pollutants by microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, or
microalgae) are similar and include biosorption, bioaccumulation, biodegradation, photo degradation, and
volatilization. Bioadsorption is a passive process in which the soluble molecules or ions of Triclosan are
distributed between the liquid phase and the cell wall or the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of
microalgae. Unlike bioadsorption, bioaccumulation is an active process that consumes energy and is
relatively slower than the adsorption process. Biodegradation is a metabolic degradation or breakdown of
compounds catalyzed by enzymes. Generally, microalgae turn complex parent compounds into simpler
compounds. This process might involve several enzymatic reactions (e.g., hydrogenation,
dehydrogenation, hydroxylation, dehydroxylation, carboxylation, decarboxylation, oxidation, reduction,
hydrolysis, ring cleavage, demethylation, and glycosylation) (Hena et al., 2022). Chlorella Vulguris is
used in the treatment of triclosan.

Fi
g.1.1. Mechanisms involved in the removal of triclosan by microalgae (Hena et al., 2022)
2. Literature review
2.1 Removal of triclosan
Shujuan Wang et al., (2017) has studied effectiveness of two different microalgae species. Triclosan is
treated with three species among which alga S. obliqnuus is more effective that 99.7 removal percentage
is obtained in one day culture. Cultivation condition of algal growth, growth inhibition tests with
triclosan, biodegradation of triclosan, sample preparation for LC-MS analysis, determination of triclosan
and its metabolites are carried out. Metabolic pathway of triclosan by algae were firstly proposed in this
work, shedding light on the environmental fate of triclosan.

Growth of algae: The algae were cultured in TAP medium with a pH value of ~7.2 under axenic
conditions, and at 25 °C, a 16/8-h light/dark photoperiod with a light intensity of 4,800 lux. The growth
of algae was observed through the measure of optical density at 680 nm by using optical spectrometer,
which was inter-changeable with cell density. It was detected that cellular uptake was the predominant
mechanism for the depletion of triclosan by Chlorella pyrenoidosa, while biotransformation accounted
for the elimination of triclosan by the other two species. To summarize, Chlorella pyrenoidosa has high
potential for the dechlorination of halogenated compounds, while the other two species could be used for
the investigation of the reaction between contaminants and microalgae in wastewater treatment plant.
Shujuan Wang et al., (2013) has carried out study on removal and reductive dechlorination of triclosan
by Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The main objective is to determine the effect of alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa in
removal of triclosan. The experimental samples were divided into three groups. The first group was algal
group for the study of algal ability to remove triclosan, in which the concentrated algal suspension was
inoculated into 50 mL TAP medium, exposed to triclosan with a series concentration of 100, 200, 400,
800 ng mL-1. The control samples were the medium containing the same concentration of triclosan but
without inoculation of the alga to provide the information on the potential abiotic loss of triclosan. The
third group was the blank samples containing the culture medium with the same density of alga cells
without the addition of triclosan for monitoring the growth of alga.
Further it also reported that, when the algae species Chlorella pyrenoidosa was exposed to triclosan at
concentrations from 100 to 800 ng mL-1, more than 50% of triclosan in all groups was quickly removed
through algal uptake within 1 h. In the 96h exposure of algal cells to 800 ng mL -1, 77.2% of triclosan
was eliminated from the medium. A reductive dechlorination product of triclosan with the removed
chlorine on the phenolic ring, was formed and accumulated in the growth medium. However, the growth
of algal cells was affected due to the toxicity of triclosan to microbiology. The algal cell chloroplast was
damaged and thus decreased the energy supply for algal growth, which gave an adverse effect on the
effectiveness of removal and biodegradation of triclosan. The obtained results might have extendable
significance in the application of reductive dechlorination ability of Chlorella pyrenoidosa on
detoxification of environmental toxic contaminants.

Martin Plohn et al., (2020) has carried out study on treatment of wastewater by Chlorella species.
Chlorella is currently the best-studied and most cultivated microalgae worldwide, mostly due to its high
photosynthetic efficiency and high nutritional value. On many occasions, Chlorella species have shown
their high biosorption capacities and efficiency to remove pollutants from various aqueous solutions.
Climate and Harvesting are the challenges for algal-based wastewater reclamation. To maximize the
growth of microalgae in contact with wastewater, various reactor configurations have been reported to
date. Their goal is to ensure optimal micro-algae productivity as well as to achieve high pollutant
removal yields while accommodating large volumes of wastewater. The high adaptability of microalgae
to new environments allows them to grow in a wide variety of conditions, including municipal,
industrial, and agricultural wastewater. However, micro algal-based wastewater reclamation presents
some challenges including the choice of growing conditions (mainly the light intensity, light period, and
temperature) and the harvesting process.
XiangfengZeng et al., (2018) has carried out study on sensitivities of seven algal species to triclosan. The
main objective is to study the sensitivities of 7 algal species from 4 genera to triclosan, fuoxetine and
their mixture were evaluated. Different algae species may have different sensitivity to environmental
pollutants. Former studies on the effects of triclosan and fuoxetine have focused on their individual
effects in a few algal species. The effects of a mixture of these two common chemicals to different algal
species have not been studied. However, in the field, these two chemicals are most often detected
concurrently in waters receiving effluents from WWTPs. In this study, the individual and mixture effects
of these two chemicals were determined for 7 algal species from four different genera by growth
inhibition bioassays. The objectives of this study were to determine the sensitivity of different algal
species to triclosan and fuoxetine, and to determine the joint actions of these two chemicals to the
different algal species. Both triclosan and fuoxetine showed inhibitory effects in the seven algal species
within 96 h of exposure. Metabolic pathway of triclosan may include biodegradation, hydroxylation,
methylation, gluocosylation and xylosylation in different organisms, where the major pathway for
triclosan is biodegradation in C. pyrenoidosa, and biotransformation in S.obliquus. The results from this
study will broaden our knowledge on the general toxicity of these two chemicals to algae and improve
our understanding of the different sensitivities in different algal species among different genera. The
outcome of this work will help us understand the ecological risk of the two chemicals.

Farhat Bank et al., (2021) carried out study on removal of triclosan by naturally occurring microalgal
consortium obtained from wastewater. Three pharmaceutical drugs EST, DCF and TCS were selected
for the present study to assess the removal of their high-spiked concentrations using the microalgae.
HPLC analysis was done to assess the drug adsorption on cell surface and residual concentration of the
drugs in the culture medium. . SEM analysis was also carried out for microalgae at the end of the
degradation experiment to assess the changes in cell morphology due to the drug in the culture media.
Up to 78.4% TCS removal was observed within 5 days, as the concentration decreased from 7.13 ±
0.006 mg L−1 to 1.53 ± 0.0127 mg L−1. In the abiotic control, it was seen that TCS concentration was
reduced from 7.14 ± 0.0055 mg L−1 to 5.985 ± 0.015 mg L−1 at the end of 13 days of the experiment.
However, the high concentration of 8 mg L−1 of TCS was seen to have a toxic effect on the microalgae
and it was not able to sustain growth further.
N.A. Jayalatha et al., (2022) has carried out experimental investigation for treating triclosan and
ibuprofen by biosurfactant from domestic wastewater. The sample was collected during rainy season. In
the case of biosurfactant 99.8% removal of IBU was achieved in 6 h. Complete IBU removal was
obtained in 2 h using both crude and biosurfactant for a sample collected during the rainy season. TCS is
not at all detected in their sample. The estimation of triclosan is carried by High-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC), by preparing the stock solution by transferring 0.1gm of TCS to standard
flask. The standard working solutions of 0.2–6 ppm were prepared freshly by dissolving the stock
solution at 0.2 ppm intervals using the solvent methanol. Standard curve is then plotted between
absorbance and concentration.
2.2 Cultivation of Microalgae

Muna N. Al-Rikabey et al., determined the cultivation of chlorella vulgaris in BG 11 medium. The
cultivation was conducted in 500 ml volume sets of glass type bottles which serve as photo bioreactors.
The flow rate of air used during the experiments is 500ml/min at 1atm and 25°C. Air passes through a
sterile filter (Millipore, 0.25µ), then enters the reactor from the top. Air is bubbled at the bottom of each
reactor to supply CO2 and maintaining adequate mixing. Daily measurement of the gas flow rate was
made at the inlet of the photobioreactor. Each set of photo bioreactor was placed in an incubator. This
incubator is a modified carrier of two shelfs. Reactors were placed under cold white fluorescent light by

6 lamps of 36 W in each shelf in one cycle of 16 hours light and 8 hours dark controlled by a timer. The
incubator is surrounding by aluminum foil to reflect the light to the inside also to ensure isothermal
conditions.
In this study, Chlorella vulgaris cultivated in batch operation. At the beginning of each run, a 5ml
inoculum of C. vulgaris was placed in each reactor of 500ml. The cultivation conditions of each reactor
were fixed according to experimental design and with the experimental setup outlined in Fig. 1 The
batch experiments were performed with a fixed volume of 500ml medium and using modified BG11
media. Experiments were designed into 5 sets, each set containing five experiment. The pH readings
were collected and monitored during the experiment using an external pH meter (WTW, In Lab pH 720,
Germany) previously calibrated with buffer solutions (4, 6, 7, 9, and 12) before each use. 1N HCL and
1N NaOH were used to adjacent the final value of pH in each reactor before each run and during the
period of each run as well as daily adjustment.
Zabochnicka-Swiatek M. et al., (2017) studied on Inexpensive and universal growth media for biomass
production of Microalgae. Batch-fed cultivation of algae was performed in 500 cm3 glass bottles (in
static conditions) sterilized at 160C for 2 h prior to use. The laboratory experiments were conducted for
20 days in autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. The addition of an external source of carbon allowed
us to conduct the process in mixotrophic conditions, where 5 cm3 solution of molasses (m) of a
concentration of 0.15 g/L of molasses in the final medium was added to each bottle daily at the
beginning of the dark phase.Molasses can be used for enhancing the growth of microalgae in
heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. Molasses contains 25% of glucose, 25% of fructose and 30%
of sucrose (Becker, 2008).The selected growth media were prepared in a laboratory by adding a
commonly available fertilizer for green plants, i.e. Bioflorin (Bf) (Tropical, Poland) for general
cultivation, to growth media recommended for algae, i.e. Bristol (Br) and Blue Green medium (BG-11).
Presents the chemical composition of the selected growth media.
The results confirmed that it is possible to use an inexpensive and universal growth medium (Bf) and a
carbon source (molasses) in place of the popular fertilizers: Bristol or BG-11, to cultivate Chlorella
vulgaris and Scenedesmus armatus. The use of inexpensive growth media will reduce the production
costs of algal biomass on a large scale. The results from the present study justify the following
conclusions: the highest concentrations of algal biomass for both species were obtained after the
application of the Bf medium, lower after the BG-11 medium and the lowest after the Br medium in

autotrophic as well as mixotrophic conditions. Hence, further research will focus on the selection of an
efficient method for the production of microalgal biomass depending on time constraints, calorific value
of biomass and the investment costs. Microalgal biomass can be used as a sorbent for removal of micro
contaminants (heavy metals and/or biogens) from wastewater.
3. OBJECTIVES
 Detection of triclosan and ibuprofen in wastewater.

 Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris.
 Use of microalgae for the removal of triclosan and ibuprofen.
4. MATERIALS
4.1 Wastewater sample

Wastewater samples are collected from the nearby sewage water treatment plant, located near
unit- 2, Navanagar road, Industrial area, Bagalkote.

Fig 4.1.1. Location of Waste Water Treatment Plant
4.2 Microalgae
Microalgae release oxygen as a byproduct during wastewater treatment and this is utilized by
aerobic bacteria to further degrade the remaining organic loads. This reduces the energy cost compared to
the cost of mechanical energy for aeration during conventional wastewater treatment. In our study we
considered chlorella species. Chlorella is a single-celled, nonmotile green alga that is spherical or
ellipsoidal in shape. The cells are usually 2-12 µm in diameter, but the size can vary, even within a single
population. The cells are solitary or in irregular clumps. The chloroplasts are parietal, cup-shaped, or
plate-like, and sometimes bear pyrenoids.

Fig 4.1.1 Microscopic View of Chlorella (phytocode.net)
4.3 Chemicals
The required chemicals are as follows: BG11 broth, Dichloromethane, Methanol, Acetone, N
hexane (high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade), Formic acid, Acetonitrile liquid
chemical. Other basic materials like flask, Incubator, syringe filter, defreeze, bottles will be required.
Triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol, (TCS), an antimicrobial agent used in some
personal care products has been detected in household wastewater discharge and receiving environments.
It is an organic compound is a white powdered solid with a slight aromatic, phenolic odour. The
physiochemical properties of TCS as follows: TCS has molecular weight of 289.6 g mol-1, vapour
pressure of 7×10-4 Pa at 25 °C , melting point of 54 °C to 57.3 °C , decomposition temperature of 280℃
to 290 °C, specific gravity of 1.58 ± 0.03.

5. METHODOLOGY
5.1 Analytical method
The estimation of triclosan is carried by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), by
preparing the stock solution by transferring 0.1gm of triclosan to standard flask. The standard working
solutions of 0.05-1 ppm were prepared freshly by dissolving the stock solution at 0.2 ppm intervals using
the solvent methanol. Standard curve is then plotted between absorbance and concentration (Jayalatha and
Devatha, 2022).
HPLC:
High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a type of column chromatography; however, the column
is subjected to high pressures, rather than allowing the sample to flow through the column by gravity
alone. Because of the high pressure, a packing material with a greater surface area can be used. This
allows for much better separation and detection of materials in the sample than gravity column
chromatography. The sample is allowed to flow through a silica column at pressures up to 400 bar, using a
mixture of two solvents, typically water and a polar solvent. Compounds with different polarities will
have a different retention time within the column, allowing for separate peaks. With these different peaks,
one can determine the compounds present as well as the concentration. The peaks are created when a
compound reaches the UV detector at the end of the column. This detector is set to an excitation
wavelength specific to the compound; in the case of triclosan, the excitation wavelength is 290 nm. The
height of this peak can then be used to determine the concentration of the compound present in solution
when compared to a calibration curve. A diagram of this process can be found in Figure 5.1.1
Fig.5.1.1 Schematic of a High-Pressure Liquid

Chromatograph (Aufiero. M. 2012)
5.2 Treatment
The degradation of TCS and IBU is carried by
Chlorella vulgaris. The two flask with samples are
taken, one is treated with algae and other treated
without inoculation of alga to provide the
information on the potential abiotic loss of triclosan. The initial and the final concentrations are compared

and concluded for the growth and sustainability of microalgae and the days required to reduce the
concentration to required level.
6. EXPECTED OUTCOMES
 Efficient removal of triclosan from wastewater sample.
 To establish the cost of effective wastewater treatment method.
7. REFERENCES

1. Wang. S, Poon. K, Cai. Z (2017). “Removal and metabolism of triclosan by three different
microalgal species in aquatic environment” Journal of Hazardous Materials,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.09.004.
2. Wang. S, Wang. X, Poon. K, Wang. Y, Liu. S, Liu. H, Lin. H, Cai. Z (2013). “Removal and
reductive dechlorination of triclosan by Chlorella pyrenoidosa” Elsevier,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere. 2013.03.067.
3. Plohn. M, Spain. O, Sirin. S, Silva. M, Escudero. M, Ferrando-Climent. L, Allahverdiyeva2. Y,
Funk. C (2020). “Wastewater treatment by microalgae”. DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13427.
4. Bi. R, Zeng. X, Mu. L, Hou. L, Liu. W, Li. P, Chen. H, Li. D, Bouchez. A, JiaxiTang & LingtianXie
(2018). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33785-1.
5. Bano. F, Malik. A and Ahammad. S (2021). “Removal of Estradiol, Diclofenac, and Triclosan by
Naturally Occurring Microalgal Consortium Obtained from Wastewater”, https://doi.org/10.3390/
su13147690.
6. N.A. Jayalatha, C.P. Devatha (2022). “Experimental investigation for treating ibuprofen and
triclosan by biosurfactant from domestic wastewater”. Journal of Environmental Management 328
(2023) 116913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116913.
7. Naeemah. M, Al-Mayah. A. “Cultivation of Chlorella Vulgaris in BG-11 Media Using Taguchi
Method” Vol.10, 07-Special Issue, 2018, pp. (19-30).
8. Swiatek M. Z, Kamizela T, Kowalcyk M, Kalaji H. M, Baba W (2019). “Inexpensive and universal
growth media for biomass production of microalgae”. Global NEST Journal, Vol 21.
https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002558.


Slope Stability Assessment of Transportation Embankment Subjected to Flooding
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Shri B.V.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Internship Co-ordinator Head of Department

Name of Examiner Signature of Examiner

Department of Civil Engineering, BEC, Bagalkote. Page 1

Department of Civil Engineering, BEC Bagalkote. Page 2

Department of Civil Engineering, BEC, Bagalkote. Page 3

Internship is an integral part of academic curriculum. Is an initiative to bridge the

SCOPE OF INTERNSHIP WORK

Scope of Internship work in civil engineering is a professional learning experience that

Department of Civil Engineering, BEC Bagalkote. Page 4

ABOUT THE FIRM:

E I Technologies Pvt. Ltd. (EIT) was established in September. 2008. Headquarters in

Department of Civil Engineering, BEC, Bagalkote. Page 5

TECHNICAL REASON FOR SELECTION OF THE PARTICULAR

The aim of this internship is to permit students to practice theoretical or academic

Department of Civil Engineering, BEC Bagalkote. Page 6

STUDY AREA DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION (MAP)

LOCATION: Bagalkot-Hubballi By-Pass Road, Navanagar, A P M C Yard,

Department of Civil Engineering, BEC, Bagalkote. Page 7

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF WORK

1. Working on-site co-ordination.

1. An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility.

2. An ability to communicate effectively.

3. The board education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solution in a

4. Management of the labours and the Construction materials at the site.

Department of Civil Engineering, BEC Bagalkote. Page 8

8. A recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning.

9. A knowledge of contemporary issues.

Department of Civil Engineering, BEC, Bagalkote. Page 9

Department of Civil Engineering, BEC Bagalkote. Page 10

Department of Civil Engineering, BEC, Bagalkote. Page 11

EARTH WORK EXCAVATION:

Quality Checks for Excavation:

 Recording initial ground level and check size of bottom.

Quality Checks for Filling

 Recording initial ground level

PCC (PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE):

Department of Civil Engineering, BEC Bagalkote. Page 12

 To distribute the total load coming on the structure on a larger area.

Department of Civil Engineering, BEC, Bagalkote. Page 13

Types of Isolated Footing:

Department of Civil Engineering, BEC Bagalkote. Page 14

TYPES OF COMBINED FOOTING:

• Slab type combined footing

• Slab -Beam type combined footing

• Strap -Beam type combined footing

Department of Civil Engineering, BEC, Bagalkote. Page 15

 Column Layout Work

CALCULATION OF STEEL QUANTITY FOR COLUMN:

SL Column Particulars Diameter Unit Column Total Length Number of Total

Straight 20 2.469 6 10 148.14

Department of Civil Engineering, BEC Bagalkote. Page 16

Straight 12 0.88 6 8 42.24

CALCULATION OF CONCRETE QUANTITY UPTO PLINTH LEVEL:

Department of Civil Engineering, BEC, Bagalkote. Page 17

27 C4 0.23 0.45 2.2 0.228

LINE MARKING FOR PLINTH BEAM

Department of Civil Engineering, BEC Bagalkote. Page 18