WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING SYSTEM

OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL GRADE

Understanding Culture, Society
and Politics 11/12

2
LEARNING QUARTER
MODULE WEEK 3

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module UCSP 11/12 0

 MODULE IN
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE,
SOCIETY, AND POLITICS
QUARTER 2
WEEK 3

Social and Political

Stratification
Development Team
Writers: Clarisse C. Raval Mac Alwin Z. Tacang

Editors/Reviewers: Rhonel S. Bandiola Richard A. Hapa

Roxy G. Gaoiran

Layout Artist: Bryll B. Atienza

Management Team: Vilma D. Eda Arnel S. Bandiola

Lourdes B. Arucan Juanito V. Labao

Imelda Fatima G. Hernaez

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module UCSP 11/12 1

 What I Need to Know

What this module is about?

This module is a SELF-PACED learning material for you to continue your

studies in the comfort and safety of your home.

This module presents knowledge about the concepts, characteristics and forms
of social and political stratification. It contains interesting discussion that will guide you
in understanding these concepts. Activities are found in every lesson to test your
understanding and to help you retain better what you have learned.

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Examine the concept, characteristics and forms of stratification systems using
sociological perspectives.

What you are expected to learn?

After going through the module, you are expected to:

 examine stratification from the functionalist and conflict stratification
 identify characteristics of the system of stratification
 distinguish the three social classes of social stratification
 differentiate ascribed status from achieved status

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 What I Know

Pre-test: Fact or Bluff

Directions: Write Fact is the statement is correct and write Bluff if the statement is
incorrect. Write your answers on a sheet of paper.

________ 1. The upper class consists of the elite or wealthy families who are not
prolific (productive) in their respective areas.
________ 2. Achieved statuses are earned by the individual. Examples are sex, family
background, ethnicity, etc.
________ 3. Social stratification is a society’s categorization of people into
socioeconomic strata/layer, based on their occupation and income, wealth and social
status, or derived power.
________ 4. Closed-class system means that individuals can change their social class
in the society.
________ 5. Esteem refers to the assessment of our role behavior. The measure of
esteem we have depends on how well we carry out our role. If you perform well, get
an outstanding rating, you get and have a high esteem.
________ 6. Ascribed statuses are assigned or given by the society or group on the
basis of some fixed category. Examples are honors received in school, good job,
award for winning a competition, etc.
________ 7. Social stratification is the method of relating people in terms of certain
social characteristics and then classifying them into social categories based on their
characteristics; it does not involve ranking.
________ 8. Social mobility is the act of moving from one social status to another.
________ 9. Status is the individual’s position in the social structure.
________ 10. Differentiation is the extent to which inequalities are encapsulated in, or
influenced by political structures and processes regarding influence, power and
authority.

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 DAY 1

What’s New

Activity 1.1: Venn Diagram

Directions: What do you know about the three (3) social classes? Using the venn
diagram below, compare each of them.

Lower Class Middle Class Upper Class

What is It

Social and Political Stratification

Differentiation is the method of relating

people in terms of certain social characteristics and
then classifying them into social categories based
on these characteristics. For example, we may
differentiate people according to sex, age,
occupation, education, etc. We then place them in
a particular social category. We do not attempt to
arrange these categories according to prestige or
Source: https://guardian.ng/opinion/race-and-ethnicity-
what-is-the-difference/ respect.
The layering of these categories into higher and lower position of prestige or
respect is called social stratification.

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 Social stratification is a society’s
categorization of people into socioeconomic
strata/layer, based on their occupation and income,
wealth and social status, or derived power (social and
political).
Source:https://iaphs.org/conference-report-
biologic-consequences-social-

Social stratification is distinguished as three (3) social classes:

1) The upper class – consists of the elite or wealthy families who are the most prolific
(productive) and successful in their respective areas. These are the group of
people who are mostly stock holders and investors. They value heritage most over
wealth.
2) The middle class – these are mostly professional people like lawyers, doctors,
manager, owners of small businesses, executives, etc. Their income can afford
them a comfortable lifestyle. They value education most since education to them
is the most important measure of social status.
3) The lower class – these are the office and clerical workers, skilled and unskilled
craftsman, farm employees, underemployed, indigent families, etc. They are short
of revenue, education or trainings, acquaintances and communication. They
depend on their paycheck.

What’s In

Activity 1.2: Essay

Social Stratification is a classification whereby people are ranked based on

evaluations. It is the hierarchical arrangement and organization of social categories
that develop into a social group together with status and their equivalent roles. This
number of levels within society can be identified by the social classes or a group of
people who share a similar position or status. This is a group of people who share
generally the same rank, position, and control and who have a sense of classification
with one another. In your opinion, how does social stratification affect society?

__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.

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 DAY 2

What is It

Social Desirables

Any rational individual will always aspire for things that give wealth, power, and
prestige. The ability of an individual to realize such aspiration is constrained by
situations where one is born into.
Status
The individual’s position in the social structure is called status. The higher or
lower positions that come about through social stratification are called statuses. For
example, some people are high government officials while others are salesmen, utility
workers, etc. Statuses do not relate to the individual themselves but rather to the
position into which they have been placed.
Statuses are not the same. We get different statuses in different ways. Such as:

Ascribed statuses which are assigned or given by the

society or group on the basis of some fixed category.
Examples are sex, family background, ethnicity, etc.

Achieved statuses which are earned by the individual.

Examples are honors received in school, good job, award for
winning a competition, etc

Prestige and Esteem

Prestige refers to the evaluation of status. You have prestige according to your
status. For example, being a senior student, you have the prestige of a senior student
at your school. The prestige does not apply directly to you as a person, but rather to
the social category to which you belong (senior class).
Esteem refers to the assessment of our role behavior. The measure of esteem
we have depends on how well we carry out our role. If you perform well, get an
outstanding rating, you get and have a high esteem.

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 What’s More

Activity 2:

On the table below, list down your ascribed and achieved statuses.
Ascribed Statuses Achieved Statuses

Processing Question:

Do your ascribed statuses affect your achieved statuses? Why?

__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
___________________.

DAY 3

What’s New

Political stratification
It is the extent to which inequalities are encapsulated in, or influenced by
political structures and processes regarding influence, power and authority. Power at
this point is implicit not only in achieving needed results, and also even against
opposing interest, including the capability to structure and set agendas.

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 Political stratification from an institutional perspective can be related to laws,
norms, values, class structures, associations, and status groups, which structure or
form the relations among individuals and group of actors.

Social Mobility System/Structure

Social mobility is the act of moving from one social status to another. Social
mobility makes the inequality of social class reasonable and, in the point of view of
some, even justifiable. If social mobility is high, even though individuals have unequal
social origins, everyone believes that they are equal in having an opportunity of getting
a higher social position. And if social mobility is low, it is clear that majority of the
people are stationary with respect to the status of their ancestors.

Open class system means that individuals can change their

social class in the society. People are free to gain a different
level of education or employment than their parents. They can
also socialize with members of other classes, which allow
people to move from one class to another.

Caste and closed-class system, people can do little or

nothing to change their social standing. People are born into
their social standing and will remain in it. People are assigned
occupations regardless of their talents, interests, or potential.

Types of Social Mobility

Horizontal mobility is the movement of a person within a

social class level. For example, a factory worker who finds
a new job as a construction worker.

Vertical mobility is the movement of a person between

social class levels or another class. For example, a factory
worker who enrolls in college and becomes a businessman.

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 What’s More

Activity 3: Identification
____________ 1. Individuals can change their social class in the society.
____________ 2. Movement of a person between social class levels or another class.
____________ 3. The act of moving from one social status to another.
____________ 4. The extent to which inequalities are encapsulated in, or influenced
by political structures and processes regarding influence, power and authority.
____________ 5. The movement of a person between social class levels or another
class.

DAY 4

What is It

The Situation of Social Stratification in the Philippines

Author: MDE
(Source: https://abetterlifetoliveblog.wordpress.com/2016/09/02/the-situation-of-social-stratification-in-the-philippines/)

As we can notice the criteria that determine a person’s social position are the color of skin,
beauty, money, and how influence they are in the community. Light coloring is correlated
with intelligence and a light-skinned gorgeous person will be given advancement before his
or her generation. Family position and association with the patron are useful to achieve
success. Hundreds of wedding sponsors and baptisms each year are government officials,
wealthy friends, and community leaders that they took advantage of as their backer in their
employment and for some other reasons. Owning a vehicle is a clear statement of a high
social level together with owning houses and furnishings. In our economic situation today,
sending one’s children to the best schools is on the best indicators of social position and
the best schools are private schools that are quite expensive. Social Stratification affects
life chances. These are the chances to improve the lives of the lower class because the
upper class has more advantages to the resources that society has. It also affects the style
of living of the people in the society. In fashion, the new trends and clothes of popular
personality are in and what they are doing was imitated by the lower kind of person. Prestige
in society is also affected by this social stratification. The reputation of one person is given

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 according to its status in society. The higher the position in the society, the higher the
reputation he or she can get from the lower-class below them.

We can also notice the social mobility in social stratification in society. Social mobility is the
movement of one individual or a group from one social class into another or the process of
changing one’s social class or status. This movement of one individual or group may either
the increasing or descending movement from class rank to another rank or change of a
position that does not involve any actual changes of class rank in which it was unnoticeable.
Some of the factors that affect social mobility are the level of economic expansion of one’s
tally, industrialization, and urbanization. The availability of opportunities was taken
advantage of by the lower class to have a better life. The competition, like for example the
election in which they said that it was the time wherein the poorest and the richest are equal,
are also entered by the lower class in the society to get the chance to take over to the
community and become one of those who are in the higher class. And lastly is the Education
in which almost a lot of Filipinos think that this is the key to improve their lives which is right.
Education is one of the most important factors that affect the social mobility of a person in
a society. If a person properly used his or her time to have a good or excellent education,
he or she may get better job opportunities that will rapidly increase his or her way of living
or his or her social class. Through social mobility, we may also adopt new lifestyles, we can
have new friends, and we may also leave from the former place of residents. But on the
other hand, we may also get negative effects due to social mobility such as loosening family
tights and old friends, pressure, lack of self-confidence, social separation, anxiety, varied
emotional changes, and social and civilizing maladjustments.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Activity 4.2: Checking for understanding

Based on your understanding on the discussion, do you think that social class
determines success of an individual? Why or why not?
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________.

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 WHAT I CAN DO

Poster Making
Create a poster about the impacts of social stratification on the society. Use a
medium size bond paper for the activity. You may use the scoring rubrics for your
reference.

Rubrics for Scoring the Output

CATEGORY 5 4 3 2
Graphics - Several of the One or two of the The graphics No graphics
Originality graphics used on graphics used on are made by the made by the
the poster reflect the poster reflect student, but are student are
a exceptional student creativity based on the included.
degree of student in their creation designs or ideas
creativity in their and/or display. of others.
creation and/or
display.
Content - At least 7 5-6 accurate facts 3-4 accurate Less than 3
Accuracy accurate facts are are displayed on facts are accurate facts
displayed on the the poster. displayed on the are displayed
poster. poster. on the poster.
Attractiveness The poster is The poster is The poster is The poster is
exceptionally attractive in terms acceptably distractingly
attractive in terms of design, layout attractive though messy or very
of design, layout, and neatness. it may be a bit poorly
and neatness. messy. designed. It is
not attractive.
Required The poster All required All but 1 of the Several
Elements includes all elements are required required
required elements included on the elements are elements were
as well as poster. included on the missing.
additional poster.
information.

Now that your through with the module, CONGRATULATIONS!!! You are ready for the
posttest. Answer the posttest and find out how well you have gone through the module.
Compare your score with that of the pretest. If you got higher, that means that you have
learned something. GOOD LUCK!

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 Assessment

Post-test: Fact or Bluff

Directions: Write Fact is the statement is correct and write Bluff if the statement is
incorrect. Write your answers on a sheet of paper.

________ 1. Achieved statuses are earned by the individual. Examples are sex, family
background, ethnicity, etc.
________ 2. The upper class consists of the elite or wealthy families who are not
prolific (productive) in their respective areas.
________ 3. Closed-class system means that individuals can change their social class
in the society.
________ 4. Differentiation is the extent to which inequalities are encapsulated in, or
influenced by political structures and processes regarding influence, power and
authority.
________ 5. Social mobility is the act of moving from one social status to another.
________ 6. Ascribed statuses are assigned or given by the society or group on the
basis of some fixed category. Examples are honors received in school, good job,
award for winning a competition, etc.
________ 7. Esteem refers to the assessment of our role behaviour. The measure of
esteem we have depends on how well we carry out our role. If you perform well, get
an outstanding rating, you get and have a high esteem.
________ 8. Status is the individual’s position in the social structure.
________ 9. Social stratification is a society’s categorization of people into
socioeconomic strata/layer, based on their occupation and income, wealth and social
status, or derived power.
________ 10. Social stratification is the method of relating people in terms of certain
social characteristics and then classifying them into social categories based on their
characteristics; it does not involve ranking.

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13 UCSP 11/12 Self-Learning Module MELC-Aligned WBLS-OBE
What I Know
Post-test: Pre-test:
What’s New
1. Bluff (Activity 1.1) 1. Bluff
Answers may vary
2. Bluff 2. Bluff
What’s In 3. Fact
3. Bluff
(Activity 1.2)
4. Bluff Answers may vary 4. Bluff
5. Fact What’s More 5. Fact
(Activity 2) 6. Bluff
6. Bluff
Answers may vary
7. Fact 7. Bluff
What’s More
8. Fact (Activity 3) 8. Fact
Answers may vary 9. Fact
9. Fact
10. Bluff What I Have Learned 10. Bluff
(Activity 4)
Answers may vary
What I Can Do:
Answer Key
References
Baleṅa, Ederlina et. al. (2016) Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics (pp. 127-132).
Quezon City: Educational Resources Corporation

OTHER SOURCES:

https://www.scribd.com/document/474562143/UCSP-MODULE-5-SOCIAL-AND-POLITICAL-
STRATIFICATION-pdf

https://abetterlifetoliveblog.wordpress.com/2016/09/02/the-situation-of-social-stratification-
in-the-philippines/

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Laoag City

Curriculum Implementation Division
Brgy. 23 San Matias, Laoag City, 2900
Contact Number: (077)-771-3678
Email Address: laoag.city@deped.gov.ph

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Self-Learning Module UCSP 11/12