Iso-Iec TR 24704 Ed1.0
Iso-Iec TR 24704 Ed1.0
REPORT TR 24704
First edition
2004-07
Information technology –
Customer premises cabling for
wireless access points
Reference number
ISO/IEC TR 24704:2004(E)
TECHNICAL ISO/IEC
REPORT TR 24704
First edition
2004-07
Information technology –
Customer premises cabling for
wireless access points
© ISO/IEC 2004
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
PRICE CODE
F
For price, see current catalogue
–2– TR 24704 © ISO/IEC:2004(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD......................................................................................................................... 3
INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................4
1 Scope ....................................................................................................................... 5
2 Normative references ................................................................................................ 5
3 Definitions and abbreviations ..................................................................................... 5
3.1 Definitions ................................................................................................................. 5
3.2 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................ 7
4 Conformance............................................................................................................. 7
5 Configuration, structure and topology ........................................................................ 8
5.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 8
5.2 Functional elements .................................................................................................. 8
5.3 Cabling subsystems .................................................................................................. 8
5.4 Topology ................................................................................................................... 8
6 Media selection and performance .............................................................................. 9
7 Telecommunications outlet coverage and location...................................................... 9
7.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 9
7.2 Provisioning .............................................................................................................. 9
7.3 Single user TO assembly ......................................................................................... 10
7.4 Multi-user TO assembly (MUTO).............................................................................. 10
7.5 Consolidation point.................................................................................................. 11
7.6 Dimensioning and configuring .................................................................................. 11
8 Interfaces ................................................................................................................ 13
9 Power delivery over balanced cabling ...................................................................... 13
Annex A (informative) Supported applications .................................................................... 14
A.1 General ................................................................................................................... 14
A.2 Cabling applications ................................................................................................ 14
A.3 Wireless applications............................................................................................... 14
A.4 Power provisioning .................................................................................................. 14
Bibliography ....................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 1 – Grid of telecommunications outlets for wireless coverage areas .......................... 12
Figure 2 – Channel and Permanent link............................................................................... 13
Table A.1 – Supported wireless applications ....................................................................... 14
TR 24704 © ISO/IEC:2004(E) –3–
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY –
CUSTOMER PREMISES CABLING FOR
WIRELESS ACCESS POINTS
FOREWORD
1) ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) form
the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC
participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the
respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees
collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental,
in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
2) In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,
ISO/IEC JTC 1. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to
national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the
national bodies casting a vote.
3) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this Technical Report may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC and ISO technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In
exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical
report of one of the following types:
• type 1, when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an
International Standard, despite repeated efforts;
• type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or where, for any other
reason, there is the future but not immediate possibility of an agreement on an
International Standard;
• type 3, when the technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that
which is normally published as an International Standard, for example ‘state of the art’.
Technical reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication to
decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical reports of
type 3 do not necessarily have to be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to
be no longer valid or useful.
ISO/IEC TR 24704, which is a technical report of type 2, was prepared by subcommittee 25:
Interconnection of information technology equipment, of ISO/IEC joint technical committee 1:
Information technology.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC directives, Part 2.
This document is issued in the type 2 technical report series of publications (according to
15.2.2 of the Procedures for the technical work of ISO/IEC JTC 1 (1998)) as a prospective
standard for provisional application in the field of Customer Premises Cabling, because there
is an urgent requirement for guidance on how standards in this field should be used.
A review of this type 2 technical report will be carried out not later than three years after its
publication with the option of extension for a further three years, conversion into an
International Standard or withdrawal.
–4– TR 24704 © ISO/IEC:2004(E)
INTRODUCTION
This document specifies the use of generic cabling for customer premises, as specified in
international standard ISO/IEC 11801, for connection to wireless access points. It is intended
to guide new installations and renovations. The customer premises may encompass one or
more buildings or may be within a building that contains more than one enterprise.
International standard ISO/IEC 11801 specifies a structure and performance requirements for
cabling subsystems that support a wide range of applications. It provides appropriate
equipment interfaces to the cabling infrastructure in equipment rooms, telecommunications
rooms and work areas.
A growing number of enterprises employ equipment at the “edge” of the network that rely on
both physical connections to the cabling infrastructure at the work area, while also having the
ability to maintain untethered network access at other locations. This Technical Report was
created because the infrastructure specified in cabling standard ISO/IEC 11801 does not
specifically cover infrastructure for connections to wireless access points. Supplementary
information is provided here on the number of outlets and outlet placement for wireless
access points that may optionally receive both power and information transfer through the IT
cabling.
This Technical Report specifies a cabling system infrastructure based upon balanced and
optical fibre cabling that provides:
• users with requirements for a supplemental cabling infrastructure that enables reliable
deployment of wireless ICT equipment without the costs associated with the installation of
additional IT or mains power cabling,
• users with a flexible cabling scheme such that changes to the wireless access points are
both easy and economical;
• building professionals (for example, architects) with guidance for accommodating cabling
before specific requirements are known, i.e. in the initial planning either for construction
or refurbishment;
• users, designers, and manufacturers of wireless access points with advice on interfacing
to the generic cabling;
1 Scope
The cabling specified in this Technical Report is considered to be in addition to and not in
place of the infrastructure specified in ISO/IEC 11801. This Technical Report specifies a
customer premises cabling system infrastructure for an array of coverage areas that form a
wireless network grid within a building. It is applicable to all of the balanced and optical fibre
cabling classes specified in ISO/IEC 11801.
This Technical Report specifies design and configuration of an ISO/IEC 11801 compliant
horizontal cabling subsystem. Requirements and guidelines are provided with respect to
While placement and security of wireless access points are outside the scope of this
Technical Report, placement of telecommunications outlets (TOs) is specified to enable
flexible deployment of wireless services.
Safety (electrical, fire, etc.) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements are
outside the scope of this Technical Report.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
The latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 18010, Information technology – Pathways and spaces for customer premises
cabling
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 11801,
ISO/IEC 18010 and the following apply.
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3.1.1
channel
end-to-end transmission path connecting any two pieces of application-specific equipment
[3.1.15 of ISO/IEC 11801:2002]
NOTE A transmission path may use one or more pairs, may share a pair with another path, for example power
feeding and information may run over the same pair.
3.1.2
coverage area
area served by terminal equipment connected to a telecommunications outlet
3.1.3
coverage area cord
cord connecting the telecommunications outlet to terminal equipment that serves a coverage
area (for example, wireless access point)
3.1.4
grid
arrangement of multiple contiguous coverage areas
3.1.5
information and communications technologies (ICT)
group of applications using information and communications (telecommunications) tech-
nologies
3.1.6
link
transmission path between two cabling system interfaces
3.1.7
permanent link
transmission path between the telecommunications outlet and the floor distributor
[3.1.52 of ISO/IEC 11801:2002]
NOTE The permanent link does not include work area cords, coverage area cords, equipment cords, patch
cords and jumpers, but includes the connection at each end. It can include a CP link.
3.1.8
remote power feeding
supply of power different from mains power to application-specific equipment via balanced
cabling
3.1.9
space (telecommunications)
area used for housing the installation and termination of telecommunications equipment (IT)
and cabling [3.1.25 of ISO/IEC 18010:2002]
NOTE Examples of spaces are equipment rooms, telecommunications rooms, work areas, coverage areas and
maintenance holes/handholes.
3.1.10
terminal equipment
equipment that provides access to an application / service at a telecommunications outlet
3.1.11
wireless access point
terminal equipment that provides service to wireless end point devices
TR 24704 © ISO/IEC:2004(E) –7–
3.2 Abbreviations
C Connection
CP Consolidation Point
DTE Data Terminal Equipment
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
EQP Transmission Equipment
ffs for further study
FD Floor Distributor
ICT Information and Communications Technology
IT Information Technology
MUTO Multi-user telecommunications outlet
TE Terminal Equipment
TO Telecommunications Outlet
4 Conformance
For a cabling installation intended for use with wireless applications to conform to this
Technical Report, the following shall apply.
b) The entire system shall be composed of channels and links that meet the necessary level
of performance specified in Clause 6.
c) The coverage and location of the telecommunications outlet shall conform to Clause 7.
d) The cabling interfaces to the wireless access points shall conform to Clause 8.
e) When used, power delivery over balanced cabling shall conform to Clause 9.
g) System pathways and spaces shall meet the requirements of ISO/IEC 18010.
h) Regulations concerning safety and EMC shall be met as applicable to the location of the
installation.
In all other respects, the cabling infrastructure shall be in full compliance with ISO/IEC 11801.
No portion of this Technical Report shall be used to negate or replace the minimum
requirements of ISO/IEC 11801.
–8– TR 24704 © ISO/IEC:2004(E)
5.1 General
This clause identifies the functional elements, configuration and topology of a horizontal
system to support wireless access points.
The type and number of functional elements used depends upon the type of premises and the
applications served. It is possible for the functions of multiple elements to be combined into a
single element. Equipment and coverage area cords used to connect the transmission
equipment to the cabling subsystem are considered to be part of the cabling channel and
shall meet the applicable requirements of ISO/IEC 11801.
Equipment is connected with coverage area cords to the telecommunications outlets and with
equipment cords to the distributors. During planning, consideration of a logical boundary
between coverage areas served from different floor distributors should be considered. For
example, such a boundary may be at a fixed structural boundary within the building or at
areas that do not require coverage.
A horizontal subsystem shall be used to connect the wireless access point serving a
coverage area to equipment at a distributor. The horizontal cabling subsystem ends at the
telecommunications outlet. TOs that support wireless access points serving coverage areas
should connect to equipment at distributors on the same floor. Active equipment shall not be
connected between the floor distributor and the telecommunications outlet.
Functional elements and requirements for campus backbone subsystems, building backbone
subsystems and connections between subsystems shall comply with ISO/IEC 11801.
5.4 Topology
The horizontal cabling used to serve wireless coverage areas shall be configured in a star
topology.
Passive connections between the horizontal cabling subsystem and other subsystems shall
be achieved using cross-connections.
TR 24704 © ISO/IEC:2004(E) –9–
The wireless coverage area should be served by a 4-pair balanced cabling link. In addition to
information transfer, balanced cabling may be used to concurrently deliver low voltage power
to wireless access points from the telecommunications room. If optical fibre cabling is used,
separate mains power access shall be provided to serve its associated wireless access point.
Each coverage area shall be served by:
or
• at least two optical fibres within at least one cable, and capable of meeting class OF-300,
OF-500 or OF-2000 in accordance with ISO/IEC 11801.
For balanced cabling, 2 pairs per interface may be used. However, this may require pair
reassignment and will not support power delivery over non-data pairs, or 4-pair applications.
Pair reassignment by means of inserts is allowed.
7.1 General
The design of generic cabling shall provide for telecommunications outlets to be installed
throughout the wireless grid. All connections from a wireless access point to the horizontal
cabling infrastructure shall be made at a telecommunications outlet that conforms to
ISO/IEC 11801, Clause 10. A sufficient density of telecommunications outlets will enhance
the ability of the cabling to accommodate a wide range of wireless applications and
appropriate coverage within the premises. Telecommunications outlets may be presented
individually or in groups. Each wireless coverage area shall be served by a minimum of one
telecommunications outlet.
Wireless access points are sometimes positioned to provide coverage areas that serve the
same building space (for example to provide additional bandwidth). In such cases, multiple
horizontal cabling channels shall be provided to locations where co-located coverage areas
are planned.
7.2 Provisioning
Each telecommunications outlet shall be mounted in fixed locations and shall have a
permanent means of identification that is visible when coverage area cords are connected to
it. Because accessibility and flexure of coverage area cords is typically limited to installation,
rather than use, they may be made using solid or stranded cables.
If used, application-specific devices such as baluns, adapters and power delivery apparatus
shall be external to the telecommunications outlet.
– 10 – TR 24704 © ISO/IEC:2004(E)
The implementation topology shall be selected from the options provided in ISO/IEC 11801
Clause 7 for balanced cabling and in ISO/IEC 11801 Clause 8 for optical fibre cabling.
b) the performance contribution of coverage area cords, patch cords and equipment cords
shall be taken into account to ensure that the channel requirements of Clause 6 are met.
A single assembly of TOs may be used to serve more than one coverage area in a wireless
grid. The implementation topology shall be selected from the options provided in
ISO/IEC 11801 Clause 7 for balanced cabling and in ISO/IEC 11801 Clause 8 for optical fibre
cabling. Such an assembly of TOs shall be known as a multi-user TO assembly or MUTO.
b) a multi-user TO assembly should be limited to serving only the number of coverage areas
within a proximity determined by the total length of the equipment cable, the horizontal
cable between the FD and MUTO, and the length of the coverage area cable needed to
connect to the furthest wireless access point to be connected;
d) a multi-user TO assembly shall not be installed in areas that are obstructed by fixed
building structures or furnishings;
e) the performance contribution of coverage area cords, patch cords and equipment cords
shall be taken into account to ensure that the channel requirements of Clause 6 are met;
f) the length and routing of the coverage area cord should permit organized cable
management that enables tracing and minimizes opportunities for incidental damage.
TR 24704 © ISO/IEC:2004(E) – 11 –
The installation of a consolidation point in the horizontal cabling between the floor distributor
and the telecommunications outlet may be useful in an environment where the flexibility of
relocating TOs in coverage areas is required. One consolidation point is permitted between a
FD and any TO. The consolidation point shall only contain passive connecting hardware and
shall not be used for cross-connections. A single consolidation point may be used to serve
horizontal cabling links that extend to both work areas and coverage areas.
a) the consolidation point should be limited to serving the number of coverage areas, work
areas or both, as determined by the maximum channel length;
c) for balanced cabling, the consolidation point shall be located so that there is a minimum
of 15 m from the consolidation point to the floor distributor;
The design and positioning of the floor distributor and telecommunications outlets should
ensure that the lengths of patch cords/jumpers and equipment cords are minimised and
administration should ensure that the design lengths are maintained during operation.
TOs that serve coverage areas in a uniform open space should be located to support a
“honeycomb” or hexagonal wireless grid geometry, as shown in Figure 1.
– 12 – TR 24704 © ISO/IEC:2004(E)
TO TO
TO TO
Wireless
access point
coverage area
TO TO
r ≤ 12m
TO TO
TO TO
TO TO
Wall
TO = Telecommunications Outlet
NOTE 1 A ”Honeycomb” grid provides the most efficient coverage. Other grid shapes
such as squares or rectangles may be used.
NOTE 2 Under normal circumstances, the optimum mounting location for a wireless
access point or antenna is at the centre of the cell.
Cabling that serves the wireless grid should be located in or on the ceilings directly above the
floor space it serves. The number and placement of telecommunications outlets depends on
the wireless application, building type, density of wireless users, coverage needs on adjacent
floors, and desired quality of service. Based on these factors, the coverage area radius can
range from 3 m to 30 m (see Table A.1). To accommodate most wireless applications, the
coverage area radius should not exceed 12 m. In general TOs should be centrally located in
their associated coverage areas and MUTOs should be centrally located in their associated
coverage area grids.
In certain cases, wireless terminal equipment may be located in areas that are not readily
accessible by building occupants.
NOTE 1 Ceiling height should be considered when designing the coverage area grid to be served by the
horizontal cabling. For example, placement of wireless access points on ceilings that exceed a 3 m height may
result in a lower coverage area radius at floor height.
NOTE 2 See Annex A for wireless networking applications supported by this Technical Report and their
associated typical indoor range.
TR 24704 © ISO/IEC:2004(E) – 13 –
8 Interfaces
The channel is the transmission path between equipment such as a LAN switch/hub and the
wireless access point. A typical channel would consist of the horizontal subsystem together
with coverage area and equipment cords. For longer reach services, the channel would be
formed by the connection of two or more subsystems (including coverage area and equipment
cords). The performance of the channel excludes the connections at the application-specific
equipment.
The permanent link is the transmission path of an installed cabling subsystem including the
connecting hardware at the ends of the installed cable. In the horizontal cabling subsystem,
the permanent link consists of the telecommunications outlet, the horizontal cable, an
optional CP and the termination of the horizontal cable at the floor distributor. The permanent
link includes the connections at the ends of the installed cabling.
Equipment interfaces to generic cabling are located at the ends of each subsystem. Any
distributor may have an equipment interface to an external service at any port, and may use
either interconnects or cross-connects. Refer to ISO/IEC 11801 Clause 7 for balanced
cabling and in ISO/IEC 11801 Clause 8 for optical fibre cabling. The consolidation point does
not provide an equipment interface to the generic cabling system.
Power may be provided to wireless access points and other types of DTEs by way of the
balanced cabling interfaces. In this case, power may be introduced to the balanced cabling
channel at the FD.
Placement of mid-span power insertion equipment shall be external to the permanent link.
See Figure 2.
Channel
Permanent Link
CP link
FD
EQP C C C C C C TE
CP TO
Equipment Patch cord/
cord Jumper CP Work area
cable cord
C = connection
Annex A
(informative)
Supported applications
A.1 General
Wireless access points that are connected to cabled networks provide an interface to two
distinct networking applications: one that is associated with the cabled equipment, and one
that is associated with the wireless equipment.
Applications that are supported by the balanced and optical fibre cabling specified in this
Technical Report are identical to those specified in Annex F of ISO/IEC 11801. Other
applications may also be supported.
Cabling specified in this Technical Report is intended to support the deployment of the
wireless applications listed in Table A.1. Other applications may also be supported. Some
wireless equipment or applications may have a typical indoor range of less than 12 m and can
also be supported by using a shorter coverage area radius. The applicability of this document
is limited to the standards listed in Table A.1.
Bibliography
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ICS 35.200