Workbook Audioscript

musical style. What is interesting is that her music is

Unit 1 contemporary. Like other modern composers, she
has learnt from the past to create music for our time.
1.1 What makes a robot human?
Emily is unfortunately even more controversial, as
What are the traits of a robot? Robots are tireless,
she is now competing with humans in their own
reliable, unemotional and unquestioning. That is,
creative field.
after all, how they are programmed. We invented
robots and computers to be our faithful servants, to It is not only in the world of music that computers are

do the things that we couldn’t, or didn’t want to do making creative waves. Similarly, the art world is

ourselves. In so many areas robots perform better coming to terms with a program called ‘The Painting

than humans, and we accept this with good grace Fool’ – a laptop software program which has learnt

because they are only robots and we are the superior how different artistic styles and colours can represent

ones. The one thing they can’t do is be human. They moods and emotions. Again, the program absorbed

can’t feel, emote, create or love. many years of art history and, like Emily Howell,
came up with its own contemporary style. The
However, our notion of what it is to be a human
computer first reads the newspaper in order to set its
versus a robot is currently being challenged by the
‘mood’ for the day. Then it chooses an adjective to
latest experiments in computer programming. Take,
reflect that mood, and does a portrait of a real person
for instance, the area of creativity. A little while ago, a
with that adjective in mind. After that, it looks at its
new and exciting composer called Emily Howell
own work to see if it has achieved the objectives it
broke onto the music scene. Her music was original,
set out for itself, and if it thinks the work isn’t good
beautiful and contemporary and two albums were
enough, it tries again. And sometimes, if it’s in a very
released. Emily’s only flaw? She was someone’s
bad mood, it won’t paint at all! Because the program
computer.
operates in different ‘moods’ and has the ability to
The human responsible for Emily, American analyze its own abilities as a human might, co-
professor David Cope, has worked on robot creativity creator Simon Colton wants it to be recognized as an
for many years. He had originally attempted to code artist in its own right.
a computer program which wrote music. The results
Computer creativity is not just confined to the arts,
were predictably terrible. So he gave up writing rules
however. British scientists have collaborated on a big
for the computer and instead just fed raw data into it
project to come up with a laboratory machine that
for the computer to analyse itself. Cope eventually
can think for itself. Adam is the world’s first robot
produced a computer that could analyse any
scientist. Adam acts in the same way as a human
composer in history and then write an entirely new
scientist: he comes up with a hypothesis, he devises
work that sounded just like how that composer would
experiments to test his hypothesis, conducts his
have written it himself. He called it EMI –
experiments, analyses the findings and then retests
Experiments in Musical Intelligence.
accordingly – all without the need for human
Composers were outraged, and musicians refused to intervention. Although not yet a Nobel Prize winner,
perform EMI’s works. Undaunted, Cope tried a less Adam has already produced some original research
controversial approach. He formed a new database into genetics. The same scientists are now
of only the new work that EMI had created. This he developing another robot called Eve, and she will be
fed into his new computer program, Emily Howell, twice as clever!
and from that point she began working on her own

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So are these robots becoming like us? Part of our grateful not to have been made redundant like so
fascination with robots is that it makes us actually many others.
question what it means to be human. And ultimately, J I know. But it means you have to work twice as
we are their creators. If the whole experiment gets hard these days. Surely your newspaper bosses
out of hand, we can just pull the plug on these can see that it isn’t good for any of its employees?
machines, can’t we? Unless - as in scary science M The paper quite rightly thinks that it will be much
fiction movies - our robots decide that they no longer worse for its employees if more of us are out of
need us ... work!
J Is it as bad as that? But Mike, you’re such a good
writer, I think you'll easily find another job.
Unit 2 M Well, I’m not so sure about that.

2.1 An acceptance speech 2.3 Writers on writing

Ladies and gentlemen, I am absolutely delighted to 1 Beryl Bainbridge, 1932-2010, English novelist,
accept this prestigious award. To be honest, I from Liverpool
completely forgot to plan an acceptance speech, as I When I write a novel I'm writing about my own life;
wasn’t entirely convinced that I had any chance of I'm writing a biography almost always. And to make
winning. It’s been a long road, and looking back, I it look like a novel I either have a murder or a
can see it was wildly optimistic of me to think that my death at the end.
first novel would be quick and easy to write. Five 2 Ian Rankin, born 1960 -, Scottish crime writer
years later, I can safely say that it took a lot longer It wasn't the thing my parents wanted me to be
than I expected. However, I was perfectly happy good at, but if you're working class and your
spending day after day alone in my study writing, and parents have never owned their own house and
I strongly recommend that everyone has a go at never owned a car and stuff; they think you go to
writing their own novel. I now fully intend to write a university to get a trade, to get a profession. So,
sequel – but hopefully a bit more quickly! I firmly accountant, lawyer, dentist, doctor. There was one
believe that creative work is its own reward, but I relative, an aunt of mine who had grown up with
must say that I greatly appreciate being given an my mum in Bradford; she was married to an
award as well. Thank you. accountant, and he had a nice flash car; they
owned their own home, seemed to have a very
2.2 Adverbs with two forms
good standard of living, so I thought, ‘Well, I'll
J = Jo M = Mike become an accountant.’ So by the age of sort of 15
J It’s nearly midnight! Why are you working so late
or 16, that's what I thought I was going to do, and I
again?
was doing economics and accounts. . . and then
M Oh no, is that the time? I’m not finding it easy to
there was this sort of epiphany. I was 17, I'd just
finish this article. And the deadline for the paper is
sat my highers and I'd scraped a C for economics
midnight.
– just passed economics – and I thought, ‘Why the
J It's always the same. Work's taken over your life.
hell am I going to university to do a subject I'm
You’ve hardly spent any time with me or the
really not that interested in and obviously not that
children lately.
good at? The thing I really like is English; I like
M You’re right. I’m really sorry. But you know our
books.’ I knew very few professional writers who
paper is under pressure at the moment. I'm

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made a living out of their writing, so there at your head that you think could be a line of a poem,
university I was thinking, ‘Oh, I'm going to have to so you write them down and see where it goes.
become a teacher, or hopefully an English lecturer, One of the major misconceptions about poetry is
and I will continue to write as a hobby part-time; in that the poet has some kind of agenda and
the margins of my life I'll be a writer.’ intentions, not just that some words come into their
3 Penelope Lively, born 1933 -, novelist and head and then they start playing with them and
writer of children’s fiction seeing where they go. Because sometimes I will try
When I was about 11 or 12 I think I must have said to write a poem and it just comes out dead
something about how I wanted to be a writer; I because there isn't really anything that's deeply felt
don't remember having any such aspiration until or worth saying. One thing that makes poems work
much, much later. But I must have said something, is strong emotion, and I remember hearing James
because Lucy [my governess] wrote to Somerset Berry, I think it was, saying that one characteristic
Maugham and said that she was governess to a of a good poet is that they feel things intensely,
little girl who wanted to be a writer and what would and he said: ‘Of course poets are not the only
Mr Maugham suggest? Heaven knows how she people who feel things intensely, but it is one of the
managed to write to him – I suppose care of the qualities,’ and I think that's true.
publishers. He wrote a very nice letter back saying 6 PD James, 1920 - 2014, English writer of
absolutely the right thing: ‘If your little girl is detective novels
interested in writing then the best thing she can do By the time I begin writing, the plot is there and
is read a lot.’ Perfect answer; exactly what I'd say there's a chart which shows in which order the
myself. things come so that the structure is right. But that
4 Michael Morpurgo, born 1943 -, award-winning will change, as new ideas occur during the writing,
author of children's books which makes the writing very exciting. New ideas:
One of the things that frightened me about writing sometimes one greets them with huge enthusiasm
when I was a small boy is that I had no ideas and and thinks, ‘Oh, that's really clever, yes, this is how
no imagination. I was constantly being told this it happened and this is logical and right and that
anyway, and I couldn't write very well. I could joke will be how it will be.’ So I never get exactly the
around like other boys, but on paper I had nothing book that I thought I was going to write.
really serious to add, no adventures I wanted to 7 Michael Holroyd born 1935-, biographer
write down, because I didn't – I just didn't link the The only happiness one gets from writing is doing
two up. I think I learnt at some point that the a good day's work, of suddenly discovering
imagination is not something that you either have something on the page which works. You pick up
or don't have. For me – and we're all different – it's the page, you shake it, it's there, it doesn't come to
triggered by real people, historical events, bits, and you didn't know it at the beginning of the
memories, by reality of some sort. I don't think in day and now you know it. Now that's a real
my life I've ever written a story which does not happiness, and unless there is some element of
have some little root, some little seed of truth or that, well why on earth is one writing? Because
observation. otherwise moving a pen across the page is not all
5 Wendy Cope 1945 -, contemporary English poet that enjoyable.
You've got to have something to say, but you don't
always know what it is. It's often just some words in

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Magic seemed to go through a phase of being, quite
Unit 4
literally, old hat. It had a rather old-fashioned feel to
4.1 Cold callers it, no matter how clever the acts were. But now
B = Beth A = Andy there’s a new type of magician who is bringing magic
B Aaagh! That was another cold caller! back into the mainstream in Britain and giving it
A I might have guessed! You were being incredibly street cred into the bargain. Thanks to the street
rude. tricks of a young man called Dynamo, magic and
B Well what do you expect?! I can’t be bothered to illusion are once again supercool.
be polite to them. They will keep ringing when I’m
Dynamo has been celebrated for the modernity of his
trying to work!
act. He doesn’t use a stage, a string of assistants or
A I must say, that is one of the biggest problems of
any of the shiny accessories of traditional magic
working from home. How on earth do they get our
shows. Instead he walks the streets in a bomber
number?
jacket, a baseball cap, and trainers, accompanied by
B You might well ask! But then a lot of them are
a hand-held camera operator, sharing his magic with
crooks. That was someone pretending to be
the astounded general public, and then strolling
calling from Microsoft saying there was a virus on
quietly away, before they can get their heads around
my computer, and wanting me to give them
what has just happened. He doesn’t have a
access to it. I didn’t, of course.
speciality. He is as brilliant with cards and small hand
A I should think so too!
tricks as he is with far bigger stunts of mystery and
B Well, it’s a scam I’ve heard about. They mess up
illusion. He can pull out the playing card you were
your computer and charge a fortune to put it right.
thinking about, put mobile phones in bottles, and
Mind you, there may well be a virus on my
change names on credit cards just as easily as he
computer – how should I know? I had to laugh
strolls down buildings or levitates - or once
when she said ‘Your computer’s working very
memorably walked on water across the River
slowly, isn’t it?’ I did think, ‘You can say that
Thames. When it comes to magic, it appears that he
again!’
can do it all.
A Maybe we should register with that organization
that’s supposed to stop cold calls? Dynamo, aka Steven Frayne, didn’t have the easiest

B We might as well – it’s free and it can’t do any start in life. He was born in industrial Bradford,

harm. But I think it only reduces the number of northern England, in a rundown part of the city, to a

calls you get. teenage mum. His father was in and out of prison

A Well, we’ll see. and he was partly brought up by his great-

grandfather, who was an enthusiastic amateur
4.2 Dynamo:A modern-day magician magician. Born with a digestive disorder (Crohn’s
When you hear the word ‘magician’, what springs to disease), which left him severely debilitated, the
mind? Is it the variety show magician with magic young Steven failed to put on any weight, and as a
wand, in a traditional outfit of shiny waistcoat, bow small, pale and sickly child, he was an easy target for
tie, and top hat? Or perhaps it’s the glitz and glamour school bullies. His great-grandfather showed him
of a Vegas-style illusionist, complete with wide how to use magic tricks to his advantage, and as he
lapelled sequined jacket, perm, and full make-up that got a name for himself, the bullying ceased.
occurs to you first? However, he was always regarded as odd and an

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outsider, so school life wasn’t a success and he left need to keep doing it. That means doing more and
for London while still in his teens. more amazing stuff.’

After having been granted a small business loan,

Dynamo bought himself a DVD recorder and laptop
and started filming some of the trick sequences that
Unit 5
would make up his first DVD Underground Magic. His 5.1 Welcome to Florence!
current worldwide following gradually came about Ea = Eamonn El = Ella
after some of his video clips appeared on YouTube. Ea Hi, you must be our new English flatmate, Ella.
A couple of thousand passersby in London watched El Hello. Yes, I am. And you are ... ?
him walk across the Thames in front of the Houses of Ea Eamonn. Welcome to Florence!
Parliament on a Saturday afternoon, before he was El Eamonn – that's an Irish name.
picked up by a police speedboat. A couple of years Ea It is indeed. I'm from Ballylifin in County
later, 1.6 billion viewers globally had watched the Donegal!
TM
illusion on YouTube , which led to the offer of his El I know that village ...
own TV show, Magician Impossible, on a small TV Ea Really? Not many people do.
channel. In the show, he performs tricks that leave El My dad and my brother played golf there just a
his audience stunned, including a variety of couple of years ago.
celebrities. Performing tricks on famous people Ea They didn't, did they? That's amazing.
makes it clear that his targets are not in on the act, El Yeah. So, what about Florence? Have you been
and celebrities appear keen to work with this living here long?
impressive but quiet and unassuming character. He Ea I have. I came for a year and I'm still here three
walked through a shop window in front of footballer years later.
Rio Ferdinand; he removed the sunglasses from the El You must like it then.
album cover photo of rapper Tinie Tempah through Ea I do. I can't imagine who wouldn't. And you, you
the CD case; and even Prince Charles became a fan arrived yesterday?
when Dynamo turned a pile of papers on his desk in El Well, I did, but my suitcases didn't! They haven’t
the palace into real money. arrived yet.
The famous Magic Circle was slower to show their Ea Oh no. Are you going to contact the airline?
appreciation of this newcomer on their scene. This El I already have. At first they said they'd be
organisation for the best of all magicians is shrouded delivered today but they just called to say they
in secrecy, even as to its location. As Dynamo said, won't be in till tomorrow morning.
‘They regarded me as a bit of an upstart. I wear a Ea Oh, that’s too bad. If I can help in any way I will.
hoody and trainers rather than a top hat and tails. I Just ask.
incorporate hip hop into my act ... I’ve always tried to El Oh, Thank you. That’s really kind. Are you
go against the cliches of whatever magic is or was.’ studying here at the university?
However, they eventually opened their doors to him – Ea I was. I studied Italian for a year but now I'm
wherever those doors are. But although he may have teaching English.
finally been accepted into mainstream magic, he El You mean Irish!
hasn’t lost any of his creative drive. ‘It’s not enough Ea Come on! My accent isn't that strong.
for me to amaze people once or twice,’ he says. ‘I

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El I can't speak much Italian - I wish I could. I'm 5.3 Incompatible travelers
here to work for an English company but I'm 'The best traveler and the worst.'
hoping to pick up the language if I can.
The last few months had brought to my attention an
Ea I'm sure you will in no time. And I could give you
important incompatibility between us – one that I’d
lessons if you like.
never noticed before. For a pair of lifelong travelers,
El Would you? That'd be fantastic.
Felipe and I actually travel very differently. The reality
Ea No problem, I'd really like to. And I'll introduce to
about Felipe is that he’s both the best traveler I’ve
the other two flatmates. They're from the US and
ever met and by far the worst. He hates strange
Australia. We're quite a mixed bunch!
bathrooms and dirty restaurants and uncomfortable
trains and foreign beds. Given a choice, he will
5.2 A British diplomat tells a joke in
Japan. always select a lifestyle of routine, familiarity, and
A British diplomat was working in Japan and reassuringly boring everyday practices. All of which
sometimes he had to give lectures as part of his job. might make you assume that the man is not fit to be
He had given this lecture many times, and he always a traveler at all. But you would be wrong to assume
began it with a joke, but the audience never laughed. that, for here is Felipe’s travelling gift, his
He didn’t speak any Japanese (you don’t have to superpower, the secret weapon that renders him
speak a foreign language to be a British diplomat), so peerless. He can create a familiar habitat of
he thought that the lack of laughter was because his reassuringly boring everyday practices for himself
translator didn't translate the joke very well. He anyplace, if you just let him stay in one spot. He can
decided that he ought to get a new translator. assimilate absolutely anywhere on the planet in the
space of about three days, and then he’s capable of
He found an excellent one who was bilingual in
staying put in that place for the next decade or so
Japanese and English, and he told him that he'd pay
without complaint. This is why Felipe has been able
him a large fee as long as he translated the opening
to live all over the world. Not merely travel, but live.
joke really well.
Over the years he has folded himself into societies
The diplomat gave his lecture and to his delight from South America to Europe, from the Middle East
everyone in the audience laughed loudly at the joke. to the South Pacific. He arrives somewhere utterly
He congratulated his new translator profusely on new, decides he likes the place, moves right in,
doing such a good job and paid him well. Little did he learns the language, and instantly becomes a local.
know that this is what the translator actually said in
'I’m not like that, though.'
Japanese:
Whereas Felipe can find a corner anywhere in the
‘OK, the diplomat is beginning his lecture. As usual
world and settle down for good, I can’t. I’m much
with lectures by British speakers, he’s beginning with
more restless than he is. My restlessness makes me
a joke. I don’t know why. The jokes are always really
a far better day-to-day traveler than he will ever be. I
stupid, and usually say something ridiculous about
am infinitely curious and almost infinitely patient with
Japanese people. Fortunately, you don’t have to
mishaps and minor disasters. So I can go anywhere
listen to this joke because I’m not going to translate
on the planet – that’s not a problem. The problem is I
it. But you mustn’t look bored, so start smiling now...
just can’t live anywhere on the planet. I’d realized this
and to be polite, you must laugh when he’s finished,
only a few weeks earlier, back in northern Laos,
so get ready to laugh when I tell you. 1, 2, 3 ... laugh
when Felipe had woken up one lovely morning in
NOW!’

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Luang Prabang and said, ‘Darling, let’s stay here,’

‘Sure’, I’d said. ‘We can stay here for a few more
Unit 6
days if you want.’ 6.1 Adding emphasis in conversations
‘No, I mean let’s move here. Let’s forget about me 1 A Ben's very happy with his move to
immigrating to America. It’s too much trouble. This is Edinburgh.
a wonderful town. I like the feeling of it. It reminds me B That's good. It's Barclays Bank he works for,
of Brazil thirty years ago. It wouldn’t take much isn't it?
money or effort for us to run a little hotel or shop A Well, he used to, but not any more. The Bank
here, rent an apartment, settle in ...’ in reaction, I had of Scotland is where he works now.
only blanched. He was serious. He would just do B What I'd like to know is why he left Barclays.
that. He would just up and move to northern Laos He earned good money there.
indefinitely and build a new life there. But I can’t. A Yeah, the pay he did like, but the job was too
stressful.
'Travel that wasn't even travel.'
2 A London's heaving with tourists at the
What Felipe was proposing was travel at a level I moment.
could not reach – travel that wasn’t even travel B I know, I think it's the historic buildings they
anymore, but rather a willingness to be ingested come to see.
indefinitely by an unfamiliar place. I wasn’t up for it. A Yeah, there's that, but what's also very popular
My traveling, as I understood then for the first time, is the theatre. Most shows are full.
was far more dilettantish than I had ever realized. As B You're right, the theatre really does boost
much as I love' snacking' on the world, when it London's economy.
comes time to settle down – to really settle down – I A But something a lot of tourists don't realise is
wanted to live at home, in my own country, in my own that the rest of the country isn’t like London.
language, near my own family, and in the company of B Yes, they don't often explore further afield.
people who think and believe the same things that I Personally, in summer the thing I like to do is
think and believe. This basically limits me to a small get out of the city.
region of Planet Earth consisting of southern New
York State, the more rural sections of central New 6.2 Land Girls
Jersey, northwestern Connecticut, and bits of 'Back to the land, we must all lend a hand,
Eastern Pennsylvania. Quite a scanty habitat for a
To the farms and the fields we must go,
bird who claims to be migratory. Felipe, on the other
hand – my flying fish – has no such domestic There's a job to be done,

limitations. A small bucket of water anywhere in the Though we can't fire a gun,
world will do him just fine.
We can still do our bit with the hoe.'

In 1939, when the Second World War was looming,

the British government recognized that the country
should grow its own food to avoid being reliant on
imports. However, there was a shortage of
agricultural workers in the countryside. For decades,

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young men had been leaving for more profitable work Some stayed on individual farms and could be quite
in factories. Then, with many men leaving to join the lonely. Others stayed in large hostels in vacant
armed forces, there was a desperate need for labour. country houses or schools, and travelled to different
farms on bikes. But they were initially regarded with
Therefore on 1 June 1939, The Women’s Land Army
indifference or even hostility by the farming
was set up by the government. The WLA was
community. Some girls even complained that the
expected to replace men in the fields, forests and
Italian prisoners of war who were working the land
livestock sheds for the duration of the war.
were treated better than them and given more food!
Unfortunately, the farming community treated the
However, many came to love their new way of life in
whole idea with suspicion and scorn. Working in the
the country with its relative freedom, and made
countryside was considered no place for a decent
lifelong friends.
young woman. Furthermore, city girls would simply
not be up to the job. By the end of the war, the 100,000 WLA volunteers
had carried out their duties with such dedication, skill
Nonetheless, glamorous posters were issued
and enthusiasm, that the farmers were the first to
advertising a wonderfully healthy way of life in the
complain when the organization was eventually
country, and the recruitment process got underway.
disbanded in 1950. The role of women in the
Thousands of girls were interviewed to see if they
countryside and everywhere else was changed
were suitable, but in reality it wasn’t hard to get into
forever.
the WLA. The minimum age was 17, but many young
women lied about their age, desperate to escape city
6.3 Compound nouns formed with
poverty. All ‘Land Girls’ were given a cursory prepositions
medical, before being issued with work clothes for
fallout
the fields. They were also given a heavy,
fallback
uncomfortable brown ‘uniform’ that they were to wear
while ‘off-duty’. They were to earn just 26 shillings a overall
week, far less than their male counterparts.
spin-off
Starting work in the country was a shock for the new
breakthrough
recruits from the city, many of whom had never seen
breakout
a field or a cow. Not only were there new skills to
acquire with only rudimentary training, but the work break-up
was also very physical. Their tasks were endless:
outcome
they learned to operate heavy farm machinery, they
planted and harvested wheat and vegetables, downpour

cleared fields, picked fruit, milked and herded cows, setback

felled trees and caught rats. The day often started at
set-up
4am and the hours were long. Land Girls were
expected to work a 48-hour week in winter and 50 upshot

hours in the summer, but most worked much longer pileup

than this, especially at harvest time.
underground
The girls’ circumstances differed depending on where
outpatient
they were sent and what the conditions were like.

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outcome 6 A Frank said she was German.
B I thought she was German.
hang-out
7 A I’ve just been working in Rome.
hangover
B I’m going to work in Rome.
hang-up 8 A I hear you’re going to work in Milan!
B I’m going to work in Rome.
offspring
9 A So you’ve been working in Rome!

6.4 Adding emphasis with stress B I’m going to work in Rome.

A That was a fantastic film, wasn't it? 10 A Sue believed his every word.

B You're kidding. I thought it was awful. B I could tell he was lying.

A But the special effects were amazing. 11 A What do you think of what they said?

B It was all special effects and no story. B I could tell he was lying.

A I suppose the plot was a bit confusing. 12 A What did you think of what he said?

B You're telling me. B I could tell he was lying.

A It wasn't that bad.

B It was. I didn't understand a word.
A I loved the car chases. Unit 7
B I didn't know who was chasing who or why.
7.1 Forming the correct tense
A Who or why doesn't matter. It's the spectacle that
S = Steve T = Tara
counts.
S What if I said I wasn’t coming to your brother’s
B Not to me. What I need is a recognizable plot.
photography exhibition tonight?
A It was exciting.
T Then I’d tell you that you most definitely are.
B If you call noise and violence exciting.
S Oh, I so wish we didn’t have to go!
A Well, I'm going to recommend it to James.
T Well we’re going – I promised we would.
B I wouldn't recommend it to anyone.
S If only you hadn’t! And I wish you had never
A It's his kind of film.
bought him that fancy camera now! I mean, his
B Well, you know him better than I do.
photos are always so miserable! And black and
A OK, next time you choose the movie.
white, of course. It’s as if he didn’t know it was
B If there is a next time.
possible for photos to be in colour!
T It’s called social realism. Would you rather he just
6.5 Shifting stress patterns
took photos of people grinning happily at the
1 A What kind of films do you like?
camera?
B I like historical films.
S Er, yes, I’d prefer it if he did actually – I mean, the
2 A Why do you watch this rubbish?
odd smile wouldn’t do any harm. And I wouldn’t
B I like historical films.
mind looking at endless photos of people in grim
3 A You like historical novels, don’t you?
urban situations if it actually did anyone any good.
B I like historical films.
I can’t see that it does – it’s just voyeurism.
4 A What nationality is she?
T Oh, for goodness sake, I wish you’d lighten up!
B I thought she was German.
S Well I wish your brother would! And what I don’t
5 A Tom said she was Swiss.
get is, he acts as if he is some kind of deep-
B I thought she was German.
thinking socialist – no-one would guess he lives in

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a swanky million-pound apartment full of boys’ 10 I didn’t mind not being project manager. I’m not
toys. really that ambitious, so I’m content just being a
T Oh, give it a rest, will you? And come on, it’s time part of the team.
we got ready to go.
S OK. Oh well, the good thing is, I won’t have to 7.3 A joke
look as though I’m enjoying myself. I can just Two hunters are out in the woods when one of them
scowl meaningfully at the horror of modern collapses. He doesn’t seem to be breathing and his

society! eyes are glazed. The other man whips out his phone
and calls the emergency services. ‘I think my friend is
7.2 Synonyms: happy and sad dead!’ he gasps, ‘What can I do?’ The operator says
1 Mum is obviously missing Jack now that he’s left ‘Calm down. I can help. First, let’s make sure he’s
home. She even gets wistful when she talks about dead.’ ‘OK,’ says the man, putting his phone down.
the mess he used to make around the house! There is a silence, then a shot is heard. Back on the
2 Naomi was elated for days after the doctor told phone, the man says ‘OK, now what?’
her she was finally pregnant.
3 Of course Jerry is bitter about not being given the
manager’s job. He knows he deserved it and that Unit 8
Bob only got it because he’s friends with the old
8.1 Meet the first female footballers
manager.
Knickerbocker Glory!
4 I’ve told Cheryl not to give up hope of getting
acting work in London, but she’s become very They kicked up quite a fuss in their bloomers and
despondent about it – she’s actually stopped knickerbockers!
going to auditions for parts.
In buttoned-up blouses and billowing bloomers, they
5 It’s nice to hear Alice back to her usual chirpy self.
may not look as though they are dressed for the
It was very quiet around the house while she was
football pitch. But these are the members of Britain’s
recovering from the operation.
first official female football teams – whose clashes on
6 I guess I should be ashamed of it, but I felt gleeful
the field in the 1880s sparked riots off it and
when I heard that my ex-husband had broken up
contributed to greater empowerment for women.
with his new partner.
The pictures, uncovered as part of an exhibition
7 We’ve been feeling very out of sorts since we got
charting the history of women’s football, reveal the
back from all our travelling. I think we’re suffering
characters who tackled a man’s world for the first
from reverse culture shock!
time.
8 The striker said all of the team were feeling very
upbeat about their prospects for next season, and However, while thousands flocked to see their
that the new manager had done wonders for their matches by 1895, when these photographs were
team spirit. taken, they were still less fascinated by the players’
9 It’s understandable that you’ve been in the silky skills than by what they might be wearing for the
doldrums since you lost your job, but watching TV unladylike spectacle.
all day isn’t going to help. It’s not going to change
One newspaper report at the time said: ‘The young
until you start being more proactive about finding
women presented a pretty appearance on the field,
something else.
and this was in a great measure due to the nice

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Workbook Audioscript
assortment of colours, as well as the dainty way in believe her team deserves credit for helping women
which the women set them off.’ Casting aside corsets get the vote in Scottish local government elections,
in favour of voluminous knickerbockers and prim since campaigners received the royal assent just a
bonnets amounted to quite an eyeful back in day after the unrest.
Victorian times and spectators frequently tried to get
Stuart Gibbs, 47, who helped compile the exhibition,
on to the pitch to get closer to the players.
said: ‘The players were all part of the rights for
Another newspaper of the day noted: ‘There will women movement so maybe the game was seen as
always be curiosity to see women do unwomanly a sign of the times and had some influence.’
things, and it is not surprising that the match was Historian and exhibition organiser Colin Yates, 54,
attended by a crowd numbering several thousands, added: ‘The games often caused anger from men
very few of whom would like to have their own who disliked women doing what, at that time, was a
sisters or daughters exhibiting themselves on the man’s job.’
football field.’ At the centre of the furore was the
British Ladies’ Football Club, which played dozens of
games that year. Unit 9
Founded by the enigmatic Nellie Hudson, known as 9.1 Attitude markers
Nettie J. Honeyball, the club fielded teams called
1 A Will you be going to the Rolling Stones concert?
North and South which played against each other. In
B Given that tickets are over £100, I don’t think so.
a newspaper interview she declared she had founded
2 A We’ll need some cash – it’s a private beach.
the club ‘with the fixed resolve of proving to the world
B Surely they can’t charge us for sitting on the
that women are not the ornamental and useless
sand?
creatures men have pictured’.
3 A Do you like my shirt?
Sports writers of the day tended to disagree, though. B To be honest, I don’t think that colour suits you.
According to a match report from The Sketch, ‘it 4 A I knew you’d never get far in a singing contest.
would be idle to attempt any description of the play’. B At least I tried, though, unlike you.
It went on: ‘The first few minutes were sufficient to 5 A How did your match against the champions go?
show that football by women is totally out of the B Predictably, we lost. 6-0 in fact.
question. For the most part, the ladies wandered 6 A Honestly, it was the worst meal I’ve ever had.
aimlessly over the field at an ungraceful jog-trot. A B No doubt you won’t be going back there again.
smaller ball than usual was utilised, but the strongest 7 A Surely their new album isn’t all bad?
among them could propel it no further than a few B Admittedly, there are a couple of decent songs.
yards.’ 8 A I assume Jo passed her exams as expected?
B Surprisingly, she didn’t. She failed her maths.
In the North team was Helen Matthews, a goalkeeper
who played under the name of Mrs Graham. She had
founded the first female Scottish national side, Mrs
Graham’s XI, in 1881. In May of that year riots
erupted after the team defeated an English side
twice. As a result, women were banned from playing
football in Scotland, so Matthews headed south
and later joined forces with Nellie Hudson. But many

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7 Here, come and have a butcher’s at my new car!
9.2 Rhyming words 8 So how are you, my old China?
A there 9 I think you’ve been telling a few porkies!
rare 10 Someone will half-inch your bike if you leave it
heir there.
billionaire 11 Do you know how to send photos on this phone? I
haven’t a Scooby.
prayer 12 Come on – it’s not difficult! Use your loaf!
swear
9.4 Mick Jagger – Grand Master of Rock
B zoo In the early days of rock music, people would have
view laughed at the idea of a rock singer in his seventies,
queue but that hasn’t stopped Mick Jagger pursuing his
blew career of rock legend for over half a century. He has
debut been described as ‘one of the most popular and
through influential frontmen in the history of rock and roll’.

He was born Michael Philip Jagger in 1943 to a

C we
middle class family in Kent, England, his father a
plea
teacher and his mother a hairdresser. Although bright
flee
and studious – at one time the young Jagger also
key
aimed to follow the teaching profession – he had an
quay
overriding passion. ‘I always sang as a child. I was
debris
one of those kids who just liked to sing.’ He sang in
the church choir, and copied all the singers he heard
D owe
on the radio and TV.
dough
flow In primary school, Jagger had already come across

sew the boy who would later be a fellow member of one of

plateau the greatest rock groups in history – he and Keith

foe Richards were classmates until they went to different

secondary schools. At his new school, Mick was lead
9.3 Cockney rhyming slang singer in the blues band he formed with friends. The
1 Come on kids! Up them apples and into bed! band worried whether he’d be able to continue
2 Can you lend me some bread? singing after an accident playing basketball, when
3 Don’t worry love, I won’t say a dicky bird to Mick bit off and swallowed the tip of his tongue. It
anyone! turned out the injury had indeed changed his voice,
4 Oh, I need a sit-down – I’ve been on my plates all but for the better, they thought – less polished and
day. middle class. ‘Mick now sounded grittier, tougher,
5 Watch your bag – this square’s a favourite spot for more authentically street’ said one band member.
tea leaves. ‘Biting off the tip of his tongue might have been the
6 Well, time to go home and see how the trouble best thing that ever happened to Mick Jagger.’
and strife is.

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After a chance meeting with Keith Richards again at sings with the same raw energy and physicality he
17, they developed a friendship based on their had decades earlier, and loves touring. ‘Each show is
shared love of American blues music. Jagger entered a new event ... It’s a very exciting couple of hours
the London School of Economics, with thoughts of and it’s a very intense relationship with the audience.’
becoming a journalist or politician, but his energies
It is this undiminished passion for what he does that
soon became focused on the new band he joined,
has made him a legend in his own lifetime.
along with Keith, which in 1962 became known as
the ‘Rollin’ Stones’ – the ‘g’ was added later.

Their unique sound quickly attracted attention, and Unit 10

their gigs soon became a popular part of the
10.1 Charles Eugster-The veteran
‘swinging 60’s’ London scene. Jagger’s parents were
bodybuilder
not enthusiastic. His strict father had never approved
I was a very sickly child. From the age of six I had
of the kind of music his son played, calling it ‘jungle
constant headaches and chronic tonsillitis. I became
music’ (‘That’s a very good description’, Mick once
pale, sluggish and my growth was slow. I remember
replied). Mick decided to leave college nevertheless
noticing one day that my best friend, who was a year
and devote himself to being a full-time rock and
younger than me, was slightly taller and that I was
roller.
very upset about it.
After initially performing cover versions of their
At 13, I had my tonsils removed, and, as my health
favourite blues numbers, Jagger and Richards went
improved, everything changed. I shot up and
on to become one of the most creative and prolific
suddenly I was full of energy. I thought back to
songwriting teams ever. Jagger’s high-energy, wild
myself as a frail, sickly boy, and vowed never to be
performances and distinctive growling vocal delivery
like that again. I took up boxing, rowing and rugby.
became a trademark of the group, along with
Staying fit and strong became my priority.
Richards’ guitar playing. They were seen as anti-
establishment, whereas the members of the other After school I trained to be a dentist, but sport

major British group at the time, the Beatles, were remained an important hobby. I only once let myself

seen as cute and charming. ‘I wasn’t trying to be go. As I crept into my 40s, I adopted my wife's

rebellious in those days,’ Jagger says, ‘I was just sedentary lifestyle. We spent a lot of time doing

being me … ordinary, the guy from suburbia who nothing. Inevitably, my blood pressure plummeted

sings in this band.’ and one day I felt a sharp pain in my legs – only to
discover the dark, earthworm-like patterns of
His subsequent life has been anything but ordinary,
varicose veins across my calves. It was my first
however. He married twice – in 1971 and 1978 – and
brush with old age, and I didn't like it. Immediately I
is a devoted father to the seven children he has had
resumed rowing to stay fit.
by four women. He set up the band’s own record
label, has acted in films, won awards, produced films, Life went on. At 60, I discovered veteran's rowing and

met presidents, and at 60 collected a knighthood started competing internationally, eventually winning

from Prince Charles. He has also amassed a 36 gold medals. I'm not a particularly talented

considerable fortune, selling over 200 million albums. sportsman, but I've always been a great trier. At 75,
many of my friends began to pass away. People
Nonetheless, his constant first love remains
were getting older around me, but I was only just
performing. Despite being a great-grandfather, he still

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Workbook Audioscript
ready to retire. will happen and that will be it. But until that day
comes, I'm going to carry on working on my abs.
Then at 85 I had a crisis. I looked at myself in the
mirror one day, and saw an old man. I was
10.2 Intonation in question tags
overweight, my posture was terrible and there was
1 Lovely day, isn't it?
skin hanging off me where muscle used to be. I
2 I'm so sorry. I'm late, aren't I?
looked like a wreck. I started to consider the fact that
3 You haven't seen my car keys anywhere, have
I was probably going to die soon. I knew I was
you?
supposed to slow down, but I'm vain. I missed my old
4 You're angry with me, aren't you? I can tell.
body and wanted to be able to strut across the
5 You couldn't give me a lift to the airport, could
beach, turning heads. So in my late-80s I joined a
you?
bodybuilding club.
6 Drive carefully dear, won't you?
There's no research into bodybuilding for the over- 7 George Clooney didn’t win the Oscar, did he?
80s, so it's been an experiment. With weight-lifting 8 I think it's time to call it a day, isn't it?
and protein shakes, my body began to change. It 9 Helen's the twin wearing the pink dress, isn't she?
became broader, more v-shaped, and my shoulders 10 You haven't got another parking ticket, have you?
and biceps became more defined. People began to
comment on how much younger I looked, and my 10.3 Intonation in conversations
new muscular frame drew a lot of admiring glances 1 A We had a holiday in Scotland. It rained a lot.
from women. B But you had a good time, didn't you?
A Oh yes, the countryside is stunning, isn't it?
Everything I learned was tailored to help my body
B It certainly is. The mountains just take your
cope with old age. I took up judo to teach me how to
breath away?
fall properly. My circulation and posture improved,
A They do, don’t they?
and I was told that there was a chance more muscle
2 A Phew! I'm exhausted - but it was a brilliant party,
mass could protect my brain from Alzheimer's.
wasn't it?
I stopped thinking about dying. As I approached 90,
B It certainly was. The kids had a great time.
my focus was on getting my body back.
A They did, didn't they?
In 2008, I signed up for my first championship. I was B They're all in Miss Bennet's class, you know.
nervous, but although I was the oldest contestant by A Miss Bennet? She's a good teacher, isn't she?
around 20 years, everyone was very welcoming. I got
B I think so. The kids like her, anyway.
higher scores than all the women taking part, and a 3 A You haven't seen my red scarf, have you?
lot of the men. Then, at an event in Germany, I B I saw Jane wearing a red scarf.
triumphed, scoring higher than any contestant in any
A She hasn't borrowed it again, has she? She's
age category for my 57 dips, 62 chin-ups, 50 push-
always taking my stuff.
ups and 48 abdominal crunches, each in 45 seconds. B Surely she asks you first, doesn't she?
As I'm over 70, they did make allowances – I could A She does not! I hate my sister.
do the push-ups on my knees for example – but I
4 A I thought Oliver O'Dell was great in that play.
proved I wasn't past it.
He's a great actor, isn't he?
I'm not chasing youthfulness. I'm chasing health. To B He is. But I've heard he's been having a lot of
me, a 65-year-old is young. Yes, one day something problems lately.

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A He's been having problems, has he? I had no Stajano. ‘With our pico project we are going for the
idea. long-term solution.’
B Yes, his third wife walked out on him.
A So, he was married three times, was he?
B 'Meshing' better together
B Yes, and he has a drink problem.
Whatever did we do without our mobiles? Countless
A Oh, he does, does he? Poor guy.
lives have been saved since the advent of mobile
B Yes. Didn't you see his hand shaking?
phones, due to the speed with which the emergency
A Was it? You don't miss anything, do you?
services can now be contacted. But unfortunately,
this is not always the case. As various incidents
worldwide – terrorist attacks, hurricanes, tsunamis -
Unit 11
have demonstrated, telecom services can be the first
11.1 Technology – what next? to collapse or be overloaded in a crisis.
A There’s an aura that’s only you
Professor Jonathan Zittrain of Harvard University
How many passwords do you currently have for thinks we have the capability to build a new type of
cards, gadgets, and online accounts? How many system called a ‘mesh network’ to solve this problem.
times have you forgotten a password and had to Currently, if you want to get through to somebody,
come up with a new one? Electronic security is now a you connect to a data network via a nearby phone
major headache as we attempt to keep our devices mast through your carrier, which then connects you
and personal details safe from increasingly to that person. But what if your phone could connect
sophisticated hackers. directly with another mobile phone without an
intermediary? Like passing a bucket of water along a
Cambridge computer expert Frank Stajano believes
chain of people to put out a fire, we could pass
so. He and his team are researching an ‘electronic
information along our phones in the same way.
aura’ - an electronic field around our bodies that
would activate our, and only our, gadgets. To create This ‘mesh network’ would allow phones to connect
it we would insert microchips in our clothes, glasses, with each other if regular systems failed. Apps could
jewellery, and even under our skin. Outside our be built into phones and networks, which would allow
personal ‘aura’, our computer, tablet, smartphone, people to connect in a crisis, help each other, and
bank cards, car keys, etc. would simply cease to potentially save more lives.
function. To someone else they would just be useless
junk.
C Getting under your skin
Stajano is also developing a tiny gadget which you
We are already used to gadgets that track our health.
hold, called a ‘pico’ after the Italian philosopher
Already commonplace are wearable devices to
Giovanni Pico, revered for his extraordinary memory.
monitor our movement, heart rate and sleep patterns.
A pico would be capable of remembering thousands
So the potential next step in healthcare is to go one
of passwords and login names. With it you could
better than that. In the near future, people could be
instantly interact with any number of devices and
implanted with tiny electronic sensors beneath their
websites by holding it near. Again, outside your aura
skin and in their brains to collect detailed personal
field, your pico wouldn’t operate. ‘The problem with
information about the state of their health.
computer passwords is only going to get worse,’ said

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Workbook Audioscript
selling out to large, faceless corporations. If more
Researchers in the USA have already developed a
people were able to operate technology sufficiently to
hydrogel that can be applied under the skin like a
work for themselves, then we would eventually
tattoo. This gel monitors the nitric oxide in your body,
become a smaller, more personal society again.
low levels of which are an early indicator of heart or
Upton believes that regaining control over our
lung problems. Other sensors are already able to
destinies would lead to a huge increase in our
monitor transplants or activate prosthetic limbs.
happiness and wellbeing.
Although we are still some way off being able to
monitor general health, researchers believe that, with
11.2 Sounds and spelling – A poem: Eye
spiralling healthcare costs, this may be the only way Have a Spelling Chequer
forward.
Eye have a spelling chequer
Constant data about our bodies could detect the It came with my pea sea
onset of diseases so they may be caught and dealt It sikhs to fined four my revue
with early thereby saving costs. And it could Miss steaks eye can knot sea.
revolutionise our attitude to health. We would
become very aware of how diet and lifestyle choices Eye strike a quay and type a word
affected our physical wellbeing. And weight four it two say
Weather eye am wrong oar write
It shows me strait a weigh.
D Doing it yourself

Do you feel rather overwhelmed by technology these As soon as a mist ache is maid
days? Are you struggling to keep up with It nose bee fore two long
technological advances? Over the last twenty years, And eye can put the error rite
many of us have become alienated by new It’s in know weigh ever wrong.
technology – feeling frightened of it rather than
enabled by it. Eye have run this poem threw it

Twenty years ago, computers were still simple I am shore your pleased two no

enough that people could learn to program them. It Its letter perfect in it’s weigh

gave them a feeling of power over their devices. Now My chequer tolled me sew.

our gadgets are non-programmable, or so

complicated that it takes at least a college degree to Unit 12
understand how they work.
12.1 The midlife crisis
Eben Upton, though, wants us to return to a simpler Crisis? What crisis?
time. His project, Raspberry Pi has produced an
Jackie Stone reports on that most difficult time of life.
inexpensive, credit-card-sized computer that he had
hoped would encourage schools to teach children The syndrome has been common for decades; a

how to program. In fact not only children but also man reaches his mid- to late 40s, and suddenly

adults have taken to the new computer with alacrity. appears to have rediscovered the clothes he was
wearing in his 20s (albeit in a larger size). The
Upton hopes this will herald a new era of self-
leather trousers are politely ignored by his friends,
programming, where people can see their ideas
but there are sniggers when the bright red or yellow
become reality through their own efforts, without

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Workbook Audioscript
sports car (or worse, a motorbike) makes its mothers is the bewildering freedom available when
appearance, and raised eyebrows when he starts the children have left home.
turning up at parties with girlfriends young enough to
While 45 is still the most common tipping point, the
be his daughter. And then the phrase is whispered
typical signs of a midlife crisis appear to have shifted
among those watching, with a knowing nudge and a
to reflect more recent trends. Gone is the tendency to
wink… ‘Midlife crisis!’
join a golf club or go nightclubbing. Recent surveys
The term ‘midlife crisis’ was first coined in the 1960s, suggest that men and women the wrong side of forty
when remaining a conventionally staid adult lost its are most likely to reveal their angst about bidding
attraction for some, and the temptation to join in with farewell to their younger selves by:
the radical experimentations of the youth of the time
looking up old boyfriends or girlfriends on Facebook
became too strong to resist. It was thought to occur
considering a tattoo
mostly with men between the ages of 40 and 60, and
no matter how much of a cliché the syndrome running a half marathon
became, there has always seemed to be an
deciding it’s time to go to music festivals again
abundant supply of individuals who follow its
predictable pattern, apparently unable to see that taking a sabbatical

they have become a figure of fun. removing all details of age from their online presence

According to recent studies, however, things have using younger photos of themselves as online
changed, and the midlife crisis itself has undergone a avatars
major transformation in recent years. For a start, a
Many of the people who responded to surveys on this
desperate attempt to hang onto a more youthful
topic complained about the term ‘midlife crisis’ itself,
appearance clearly passes the equal opportunities
however, and the disparaging way it is used. Two
test these days, with so many women going under
thirds of Britons thought it was an insulting
the cosmetic surgeon’s knife that the men’s
stereotype, and men complained that while they are
predilection for a bit of hair dye and moisturizer
castigated for ‘letting themselves go’ as they get
seems tame in comparison. And it all begins ever
older, any attempt to look after their appearance after
younger. One of the triggers for a major identity crisis
the age of 40 was often met with ridicule and the
appears to have been the accomplishment of long
accusation of a midlife crisis.
held career goals, leading to an empty sense of… ‘so
what now’? With younger people attaining senior Perhaps we need to remember that we get the word

management positions much sooner (the average ‘crisis’ from the Greek krisis, meaning ‘turning point’.

age of CEOs has fallen from 59 to 48 in the last It’s not difficult to see, as the psychologist Carl Jung

generation), these career plateaus can come much explained in some detail that while our personalities

earlier in life. Even for those who aren’t as ambitious, may alter somewhat throughout life, there should

severe work pressure often leads to a need to re- come a time when the ego identity we’ve grown up

evaluate career options in one’s 30s, bringing on a with undergoes a radical overhaul in preparation for

crossroads moment well before the big four-oh is the second half of life. And it’s not as if exploring

reached. This applies to women too these days, and new activities and deciding to get fitter is something

whether career-oriented or not, another factor for to be criticized. As a spokesman for Jeep, one of the
companies who carried out one of the surveys, said,
‘The traditional image of a midlife crisis is dead and

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 Workbook Audioscript
buried. Nowadays it’s more about living for the
moment and making the most of things and leading
an active and healthy lifestyle.’

12.2 Expressions with light, weather and

food
1 A I’ve done lots of revision but I’m still worried
about my final exam tomorrow.
B Don’t worry – it’ll be a breeze!
2 A I wonder if you could take on some of my work
while I’m on holiday?
B No, sorry, I’m snowed under with work already!
3 A You must be worried about whether they’ll
renew your visa?
B Yes, it feels like a cloud hanging over me at
the moment.
4 A Where did you get that amazing idea for this
advertising campaign?
B It just came to me in a flash!
5 A That wasn’t an easy press conference for the
Prime Minister, was it?
B No, the journalists gave him a really good
grilling!
6 A It’s a shame you had so many problems on
your flight back after such a nice holiday.
B Yes, it meant that it all ended on a really sour
note.
7 A Everyone’s talking about climate change again
after all these floods.
B Yes, it’s gone back to being a hot topic at the
moment.
8 A I’m not sure I trust that new friend of Kevin’s.
B Me neither. He seems a shady character.
9 A That’s an interesting article on parenting, isn’t
it?
B Yes, it’s certainly given me some food for
thought.
10 A I can’t believe Andrew married Rhona a month
after he met her!
B Yes, it was a whirlwind romance.

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