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    Activity 6 Genetic Code and Mutation

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    KAREN SALLES
    This document provides information about genetic code and mutation. It discusses how DNA is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into amino acids and proteins. It defines three types of mutations: substitution, deletion, and insertion. Students are asked to transcribe and translate DNA sequences, identify mutations in modified sequences, and determine the type of each mutation. They are given examples of normal and mutated DNA sequences to analyze. The objectives are to model transcription and translation, and identify mutation types.

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    Activity 6 Genetic Code and Mutation

    Uploaded by

    KAREN SALLES
    96 views3 pages
    This document provides information about genetic code and mutation. It discusses how DNA is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into amino acids and proteins. It defines three types of mutations: substitution, deletion, and insertion. Students are asked to transcribe and translate DNA sequences, identify mutations in modified sequences, and determine the type of each mutation. They are given examples of normal and mutated DNA sequences to analyze. The objectives are to model transcription and translation, and identify mutation types.

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    This document provides information about genetic code and mutation. It discusses how DNA is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into amino acids and proteins. It defines three types of mutations: substitution, deletion, and insertion. Students are asked to transcribe and translate DNA sequences, identify mutations in modified sequences, and determine the type of each mutation. They are given examples of normal and mutated DNA sequences to analyze. The objectives are to model transcription and translation, and identify mutation types.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    96 views3 pages

    Activity 6 Genetic Code and Mutation

    Uploaded by

    KAREN SALLES
    This document provides information about genetic code and mutation. It discusses how DNA is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into amino acids and proteins. It defines three types of mutations: substitution, deletion, and insertion. Students are asked to transcribe and translate DNA sequences, identify mutations in modified sequences, and determine the type of each mutation. They are given examples of normal and mutated DNA sequences to analyze. The objectives are to model transcription and translation, and identify mutation types.

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    Name: Section:

    ACTIVITY : GENETIC CODE & MUTATION

    Objectives:

    • Transcribe and translate a segment of DNA model.


    • Identify the types of mutation.

    Things to remember:

    • In transcription of DNA to mRNA, this is the nitrogenous base pairing followed:


    o A in DNA always pairs with U in mRNA; T in DNA pairs with A in mRNA
    o C always pairs with G; G always pairs with C
    • Codon is a triplet of nitrogenous bases in mRNA. Anticodon is a nitrogenous base triplet found in tRNA. Codons &
    anticodons pair up during translation.
    • Mutation – It refers to change in DNA nucleotide sequence that may result to change in protein structure.

    Procedures:

    Part A. Protein synthesis using Genetic Code Chart

    1. Familiarize yourself on how a DNA template is transcribed into mRNA template then translate into amino acid chain by
    watching this video:

    Video (3 min.) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pAPuSxMxugA


    2. Practice transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acid chain or protein below:

    DNA Template Strand


    T A C T T T C G C G A A A C C C C T T C T G G G A A A A T C

    mRNA codons
    A U G G U U

    tRNA anticodons
    U A C

    Amino acid chain / Protein strand


    Met/ Start

    Part B. Mutation

    Mutation is an alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism often caused by exposure to
    ionizing radiation or harmful chemicals. These are three types of gene mutations or mutation that occur in the sequence of
    nitrogenous bases in DNA.

    I. Substitution – one base pair is substituted for another.


    i. Nonsense mutation – when one nucleotide is substituted, and this leads to formation of a stop codon
    instead of a codon that codes for an amino acid.
    ii. Missense mutation – when one nucleotide is substituted and a different codon is formed; but this time,
    the codon that is forms is not a stop codon
    iii. Silent mutation – a nucleotide is substituted but the same amino acid is produced anyway.
    II. Deletion – a base pair is deleted from a sequence.
    III. Insertion – an extra base pair is added to a sequence of bases.

    You may watch this short video for further explanation. Start watching from 1:52 up to 3:12 only.

    Video (1:52 up to
    3:12 only)
    https://www.yo
    utube.com/watch?v
    =vl6Vlf2thvI
    3. A short segment of a hypothetical normal DNA that codes for a Normal DNA nitrogenous base sequence
    protein is shown on the right side. T A C C G C A T G T T T

    mRNA codon
    4. Mutated versions of the hypothetical DNA segment are shown A U G G C G U A C A A A
    below. Transcribe and translate them into amino acid chain using
    the genetic code chart in page 1. Then, determine the type of Amino acid chain/Protein
    mutation that occur in each of them. Met/ Start Ala Tyr Lys

    Normal DNA nitrogenous base sequence Normal DNA nitrogenous base sequence
    T A C C G C A T G T T T T A C C G C A T G T T T

    Case#1. Mutated DNA nitrogenous base sequence Case#2. Mutated DNA nitrogenous base sequence
    T A C C G C A T A T T T T A C C G C A T C T T T

    mRNA codon mRNA codon


    A U G A U G

    Amino acid chain/Protein Amino acid chain/Protein


    Met/ Start Met/ Start

    Type of Mutation: Type of Mutation:

    Normal DNA nitrogenous base sequence Normal DNA nitrogenous base sequence
    T A C C G C A T G T T T T A C C G C A T G T T T

    Case#3. Mutated DNA nitrogenous base sequence Case#4. Mutated DNA nitrogenous base sequence
    T A C C G C A T G C T T T A C C G A C A T G T T T

    mRNA codon mRNA codon


    A U G A U G

    Amino acid chain/Protein Amino acid chain/Protein


    Met/ Start Met/ Start

    Type of Mutation: Type of Mutation:

    Normal DNA nitrogenous base sequence


    T A C C G C A T G T T T

    Case#5. Mutated DNA nitrogenous base sequence


    T A C G C A T G T T T

    mRNA codon
    A U G

    Amino acid chain/Protein


    Met/ Start

    Type of Mutation:

    References:
    • Project ISuLAT Activity Sheets in Science 10 – Week 4

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