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    Female Reproductive System

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    علي محمد
    The female reproductive system has two main functions: oogenesis and hormone secretion. At puberty, the ovaries mature and begin menstruation cycles through the ovarian and uterine cycles. Menstruation occurs roughly every 28 days in three phases: follicular, ovulation, and luteal. The onset of puberty depends on hormonal signals and can be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Premenstrual syndrome involves physical and emotional changes in the days before menstruation. Menopause occurs around age 45-50 when menstruation permanently stops due to decreased estrogen production.

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    Female Reproductive System

    Uploaded by

    علي محمد
    33 views10 pages
    The female reproductive system has two main functions: oogenesis and hormone secretion. At puberty, the ovaries mature and begin menstruation cycles through the ovarian and uterine cycles. Menstruation occurs roughly every 28 days in three phases: follicular, ovulation, and luteal. The onset of puberty depends on hormonal signals and can be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Premenstrual syndrome involves physical and emotional changes in the days before menstruation. Menopause occurs around age 45-50 when menstruation permanently stops due to decreased estrogen production.

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    female reproductive system (1)

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    The female reproductive system has two main functions: oogenesis and hormone secretion. At puberty, the ovaries mature and begin menstruation cycles through the ovarian and uterine cycles. Menstruation occurs roughly every 28 days in three phases: follicular, ovulation, and luteal. The onset of puberty depends on hormonal signals and can be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Premenstrual syndrome involves physical and emotional changes in the days before menstruation. Menopause occurs around age 45-50 when menstruation permanently stops due to decreased estrogen production.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    33 views10 pages

    Female Reproductive System

    Uploaded by

    علي محمد
    The female reproductive system has two main functions: oogenesis and hormone secretion. At puberty, the ovaries mature and begin menstruation cycles through the ovarian and uterine cycles. Menstruation occurs roughly every 28 days in three phases: follicular, ovulation, and luteal. The onset of puberty depends on hormonal signals and can be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Premenstrual syndrome involves physical and emotional changes in the days before menstruation. Menopause occurs around age 45-50 when menstruation permanently stops due to decreased estrogen production.

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    of 10

    Female reproductive system

    Ovary has 2 functions:


    a) Oogenesis (Formation of ovum)
    b) Secretion of estrogen and progesterone
    Puberty (adolescence)
    • The period in which there is final maturation of the ovaries to make reproduction possible.
    • Age of puberty: variable 8- 13 years
    • Events :
    1. Thelarche: development of the breasts.
    2. Adrenarche: adrenal gland secretes androgens
    3. Pubarche: development of pubic and axillary hair
    4. Menarche: appearance of the first menstrual period

    Menarche
    The onset of puberty
    • Depends on intermittent pulsatile release of
    gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH) from
    hypothalamus.
    • Factors affecting the onset of puberty:
    • Genetic and nutrition factors. Childhood

    • Geographic location and exposure to light


    Onset of puberty
    • Correlation between onset of menarche in the mother
    and daughter.
    • Body composition and fat distribution. Obesity and
    strenuous exercise delay the onset of puberty.
    Maturation of ovarian follicles Every 28 days (one lunar month) is accompanied
    by 2 main cycles:
    Ovarian cycle: 3 phases ( follicular + ovulation + luteal)
    Uterine cycle: 3 phases (menses + proliferative + secretory)

    surge
    Ovarian cycle

    1. Follicular Phase: Maturation of follicles by FSH


    2. Ovulation by LH:
    14th day of the cycle: High level of estrogen inhibits FSH and stimulates LH secretion
    (+ve feedback →LH surge) → expulsion of mature ovum
    3. Luteal phase: Corpus luteum formation by LH
    Empty follicle will deposit lipid, So called the yellow body "corpus luteum" which will secrete
    2 hormones, estrogen and progesterone
    Fate of Corpus Luteum

    1-If no Pregnancy: 2-If Pregnancy :


     LH → degeneration → corpus albicans Trophoblast secrete HCG → maintains growth
    Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

    • It is a condition affects a woman’s emotions, physical health, and


    behavior just before her menses.
    • It is very common; affect 90 % of females
    • Cause: hormonal changes that causes water retention and emotional
    changes
    • Onset: 5-10 days before menstruation & disappear once it begins.
    • C/P: women may experience any of the following:
    ✓ Emotional changes: mood swings, sadness, depression, anxiety,
    and irritability
    ✓ Food graving especially for sweets
    ✓ headache, pain in breast or abdomen
    MENOPAUSE
    • Permanent disappearance of the female sexual cycle (ovarian &
    menstrual)
    • At the age of 45 - 50 y.
    • Continuous High FSH and LH → stop estrogen secretion from ovary
    • Adipose tissue, liver and adrenal cortex continue to produce estrogen
    Manifestations of menopause
    • Amenorrhea > 1 year
    • Osteoporosis
    • Gradual loss of the secondary
    sexual characteristics, vaginal
    dryness and sexual discomfort.
    • Psychic disorders as anxiety,
    irritability, depression, and
    headache
    • Hot flashes

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