21st Century Module 4

21st Century
Literature
PTW
Module 4
Representative Texts
and Authors from
Luzon and Mindanao
Regions
Our Learning Goals
Learning Learning Learning

Outcome 1 Outcome 2 Outcome 3
Recognize the Examine Share their
different different views about
regions and literary pieces
provinces of the a character
Philippines and from Luzon and/or give
their and Mindanao them a piece
representative regions of advice
authors
MY FATHER'S
TRAGEDY
by Carlos Bulosan
Read the sample selections from the regions
in Luzon and Mindanao
Take Note
Concept 1
Carlos Bulosan was born in the Philippines in the rural
farming village of Mangusmana, near the town of Binalonan
(Pangasinan province, Luzon island). He was the son of a
farmer and spent most of his upbringing in the countryside
with his family. Like many families in the Philippines, Carlos’s
family struggled to survive during times of economic
hardship. He become a self-educated and prolific writer
determined to voice the struggles he had undergone as a
Filipino coming to America and the struggles he had
witnessed of other people.
Take Note
Concept 1
Irony— is a literary device in which there is a contradiction of
expectation between what is said and what is really meant. It is
characterize by an incongruity, a contrast, between reality and
appearance.
Verbal Irony— is a contrast between what is said and what is meant.
Dramatic Irony— occurs when the audience or the readers knows
more than the character about the events. In other words, what
the character thinks is true is contrary with what the audience
knows.
Situational Irony— refers to the contrast between the actual result
of a situation and what was intended or expected to happen.
Take Note
Concept 1
Point of View (POV) —or perspective, it the angle, the
perception, the position that you take to tell your story. It
answers the question, “Who is telling the story?” Two of
the most common POV techniques are the first person
POV, wherein the story is told by the narrator from his
or her point of view; and the third person POV, wherein
the narrator does not appear in the story, but rather tells
the story by referring to all characters and places in the
third person using third person pronouns and proper
nouns.
Guide for comprehension:
1. Is this story realistic or true to life? Explain

your answer.
2. Who narrates the story? Do you think this is
the best person to tell the story? Why or why not?
3. What has caused the fight between the father
and mother in the story?
4. How did the father’s interest in cockfighting
affect his family?
5. If you were the mother in the story, what would

you have done? Explain.
6. What is the main problem in the story? How do
you think it would be resolved?
7. What caused the characters to make the
decision they did?
8. How would life be different for the characters
after the events in the story?
SINIGANG
by Marie Aubrey J.
Villaceran
Take Note
Concept 2
Marie Aubrey J. Villaceran is a professor at the
Department of English and Comparative Literature in
the University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City.
She has a BA and MA in Crea-tive Writing from the
University of the Philippines and was conferred a PhD
in Sociology by La Trobe University in Melbourne,
Australia. She teaches and writes creative nonfiction
and her re-search interests are gender and migration.
Take Note
Concept 2
Mood— is the feeling or atmosphere that an author creates in a literary
work. The mood can suggest an emotion, such as fear or joy; it can also
suggest the quality of a setting, such as gloom or airiness.
Tone— is a reflection of the attitude a writer takes toward a subject. A
writer’s tone may be communicated through particular emotions and
that evoke an emotional response in the reader.
Conflict—is a struggle between opposing forces
External conflict— is a struggle between a character and an outside
force, such as another character, nature, society, or fate.
Internal conflict—takes place within the mind of a character who is torn
between opposing feelings or between different courses of action.
1. Describe how the story is narrated.

2. Who was Lem and what happened to him in the
story?
3. Describe Liza’s relationship with her Dad after the
funeral.
4. What words created a feeling or picture in your
mind? Describe the feeling or picture.
5. Read the last line of the story and explain

why you think Liza felt that way.
6. How did the author begin and end the story?
7. Do any of the characters remind you of
someone in real life? Elaborate.
8. Explain the title of the story.
LOVE IN THE
CORNHUSKS
by Aida L. Rivera
Take Note
Concept 3
Aida Rivera-Ford was born in Jolo, Sulu. She became the editor of
the first two issues of Sands and Coral, the literary magazine of
Silliman University. In 1949, she graduated with an AB degree, major
in English, cum laude. In 1954, she obtained an MA in English
Language and Literature at the University of Michigan and won the
prestigious Jules and Avery Hopwood for fiction. “Love in the
Cornhusks” is one of five well-crafted stories for which Rivera-
Ford won the Jules & Avery Hopwood Prize in Michigan. critics were
one in hailing the story with un-common praise, citing its masterful
subtlety but also its earnest vision—a rare case of art pre-vailing
upon all creeds and manners of persuasion.
Take Note
Concept 3
Setting— includes the place and the time of the actions that transpire in a story. The
environment (place) may be real or invented. The time may be in previous years or
decades, in the pre-sent period, or even some in the future. It also highlights various
conditions and milieus which are not always perceived to be physical. It may also
involve social norms, traditions, social set-up, political atmosphere etc. The setting
may or may not be directly stated by the writer. In cases of no explicitly stated
setting, some words may serve as clues to determine where and when the an action
happens. Thus, readers need to be aware as to how the words work in the text.
Theme— is the main idea or message of a work of literature. Some works have a
stated theme, which the author expresses directly. Others have implied theme,
which the author reveals gradu-ally through such other literary elements as plot,
character, setting, point of view or symbolism. Remember, the theme is not the
subject of a story, but instead is an insight about life or human nature.
1. Where is the setting of the story? How does it

affect the characters?
2. What decisions did the characters have to make?
How important were they for the story?
3. What could you see, feel, hear, smell, as you read?
4. What clues or symbols did the author provide
about the ending?
5. What do you think will happen next in the story?

6. What is the story about?
7. What are the similarities and differences between
you and the characters?
8. What lessons does the story have that you can
relate in real life?
Take Note
Concept 5
YOUTH SPEAKS
By Amador T. Daguio

KARANIWANG TAO
By Joey Ayala

MYTHOLOGY CLASS
By Felicidad “Bliss” Cua Lim
Take Note
Concept 4
José Iñigo Homer Lacambra Ayala or also known as Joey
Ayala was born on June 1 1956 in Bukidnon, Philippines. He
was known for his folk and contemporary pop music artist
in the Philippines, he is also known for his songs that are
more on the improvement of the environment. He is also one
of the leading members of the "Bagong Lumad" literally
means "New Native". All of the songs he composed are not
just song that gives entertainment but it gives a message in
every people who listens to it.
Take Note
Concept 4
Amador T. Daguio was a poet, novelist and teacher during
the pre-war. He was best known for his fictions and
poems. He had published two volumes of poetry, “Bataan
Harvest” and ”The Flaming Lyre”. He served as chief
editor for the Philippine House of Representatives before
he died in 1966. Daguio was born 8 January 1912 in Laoag,
Ilocos Norte, but grew up in Lubuagan, Mountain
Province, where his father, an officer in the Philippine
Constabulary, was assigned.
Take Note
Concept 4
Felicidad “Bliss” Cua Lim is a young poet who published
her first book of poetry, Bliss in Poetry, when she was
eleven years old. Her second book of poetry is And If I
This Poem and other Poems. She is Associate Professor
of Film and Media Studies at the University of Califor-
nia, Irvine. She is the author of Translating Time:
Cinema, the Fantastic and Temporal Critique (Duke
University Press, 2009; Ateneo de Manila University
Press, 2011).
Thank you!
Read the stories on the internet or on the
module. Be sure to answer all the questions.
Familiarize and understand everything by
reading.

-CHER JOYNZ

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21st Century

Learning Learning Learning

1. Is this story realistic or true to life? Explain

5. If you were the mother in the story, what would

1. Describe how the story is narrated.

5. Read the last line of the story and explain

1. Where is the setting of the story? How does it

5. What do you think will happen next in the story?

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