IT2105

Laboratory Exercise
Input/Output Management
Objectives:

At the end of the exercise, the students should be able to:

▪ Examine the logical structure of the I/O function in an operating system; and
▪ Analyze the performance implications of I/O buffering in an operating system.

Part A (30 points)

1. Run at least five (5) different applications on your computer. (e.g., Google Chrome with multiple tabs,
Microsoft Word/Excel/PowerPoint, programming software, video/music player, etc.).
2. Open and maximize the window of Task Manager. 3. Find the tab showing the list of processes
(application and background tasks) and its corresponding details that currently run on your computer.

4. Set the columns to show the following:

• Process ID
• Process execution status
• Total processor time used by the process
• Maximum amount of physical memory used by the process
• Number of read I/O operations generated by the process since it started
• Total number of bytes read by the process in I/O operations
• Number of write I/O operations generated by the process since it started
• Total number of bytes written by the process in I/O operations
5. Take a screenshot of the maximized Task Manager window that shows the eight (8) columns listed above. (10
points)

6. Analyze the details of the running processes in your computer, and answer the following (5 items x 3 points): A.
Which process has the greatest number of read I/O operations since it started?
B. Which process has the least number of write I/O operations since it started?
C. Is the total number of I/O bytes read by a process always equal to the total number of I/O bytes
written by the same process?

D. Would you agree that suspended processes will always hold a zero (0) value for both read and write
I/O operations?

E. Is the number of threads directly proportional to the number of bytes written by the process in
I/O operation?

7. After analyzing the I/O details of the running processes in your computer, would you agree that your
computer implements I/O buffering? Why or why not? (5 points)
Note: Perform additional research, if needed, in order to support your
answer above.

Part B (35 points)

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 IT2105
• Search for relevant and up-to-date literatures and studies about the Windows I/O Manager. Then, answer
or provide the following:
A. Describe the overall structure of the Windows I/O manager.
B. Illustrate the structure of the Windows I/O manager based on your understanding.
C. Differentiate the asynchronous and synchronous mode of operation of Windows I/O.
D. Does the Windows I/O manager support any RAID configuration? Rationalize your answer. E. In your
opinion, what other kernel components work closely with the Windows I/O manager? Elaborate on
your answer.
F. In your perspective, what is the most significant part of the Windows I/O model and why?
• Properly cite all your references. (5 points)

7 Laboratory Exercise 1

I.

1. Find the tab showing the list of processes (application and background
tasks) and its corresponding details that currently run on your computer.

Set the columns to show the following:

▪ Process ID
▪ Process execution status
▪ Total processor time used by the process
▪ Maximum amount of physical memory used by the process
▪ Number of read I/O operations generated by the process since it started
▪ Total number of bytes read by the process in I/O operations
▪ Number of write I/O operations generated by the process since it started
▪ Total number of bytes written by the process in I/O operations

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2. Take a screenshot of the maximized Task Manager window that shows the
eight (8) columns listed above.

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1. Which process has the greatest number of read I/O operations since it
started?

- It would seem like Google Chrome has the most I/O operations.

2. Which process has the least number of write I/O operations since it started?

- Discord app currently has the least number of I/O operations.

3. Is the total number of I/O bytes read by a process always equal to the
total number of I/O bytes written by the same process?

- No, not always equal. In fact, number of I/O bytes varies differently.
Some are greater and some are least.

4. Would you agree that suspended processes will always hold a zero (0)
value for both read and write I/O operations?

- Yes, sometimes it stays like that. We can’t do much about it.

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5. Is the number of threads directly proportional to the number of bytes

written by the process in I/O operation?

- No, most number of threads exceeds far greater than the others.

FOLLOW UP QUESTION: After analyzing the I/O details of the running

processes in your computer, would you agree that your computer implements I/O
buffering? Why or why not?

- I would say yes, because whenever there’s too many running apps, the
laptop helps itself to carry those processes in order to keep up with
those running apps.

II.

Search for relevant and up-to-date literatures and studies about the Windows I/O
Manager. Then, answer or provide the following:

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A. Describe the overall structure of the Windows I/O Manager.

- The Windows Kernel-Mode I/O Manager, it’s a computer consists of various

devices that provide input and output (I/O) to and from the outside world.
Typical devices are keyboards, mice, audio controllers, video
controllers, disk drives, networking ports, and so on. It manages the
communication between applications and the interfaces provided by
device drivers.

B. Illustrate the structure of the Windows I/O manager based on your

understanding.

- The I/O manager has two subcomponents: the Plug and Play manager and
power manager. They manage the I/O functionality for the technologies of
Plug and Play and power management. The manager is also operating
through how application and device specs interact with one another, if
the device can't even handle the specified requirement of the program
that you'll run, it won’t function properly due to the problem of lacking
the specified requirement needed.

C. Differentiate the asynchronous and synchronous mode of operation of

Windows I/O.

- Their main differences are that Synchronous I/O mean that some flow of execution is
waiting for the operation to complete. Asynchronous I/O means that nothing is waiting for
the operation to complete and the completion of the operation itself causes something to
happen.

- A synchronous operation blocks a process till the operation completes.

An asynchronous operation is non-blocking and only initiates the operation.
The
caller could discover completion by some other mechanism discussed later.

D. Does the Windows I/O manager support any RAID configuration?

Rationalize your answer.

- I would say yes, RAID is extremely useful if uptime and availability

are important to you. Backups will help insure you from a catastrophic
data loss. But, restoring large amounts of data, like when you
experience a drive failure, can take many hours to perform. RAID can
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be installed to your

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device and as long as the system includes a RAID I/O controller hub, it can be
installed even if it already has an operating system installed.

E. In your opinion, what other kernel components work closely with the
Windows I/O manager? Elaborate on your answer.

- The Windows Kernel-Mode Memory Manager component manages physical

memory for the operating system. This memory is primarily in the form of
random-access memory (RAM). The memory manager manages memory by
performing various tasks such as: (1) Managing the allocation and
deallocation of memory virtually and dynamically, (2) And supporting the
concepts of memory-mapped files, shared memory, and copy-on-write.

F. In your perspective, what is the most significant part of the Windows I/O
model and why?

- I guess that one feature of the Microsoft Windows I/O model is its
support for asynchronous I/O. In addition, the I/O model has the following
general features: The I/O manager presents a consistent interface to all
kernel- mode drivers, including lowest-level, intermediate, and file system
drivers.

REFERENCES:

▪ https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/kernel/windows-
kernelmode-i-o-manager

▪ https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35012494/difference-between-
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synchronous-andasychnchronus-i-

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o#:~:text=1%20Answer&text=Synchronous%20I%2FO%20mean%20that,itself%20cause s
%20something%20to%20happen.

▪ https://www.cs.unc.edu/~dewan/242/s07/notes/ipc/node9.html

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