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    Social Contract

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    Natalia Tsegereda De Juan Cachinero
    The document summarizes the philosophical views of Thomas Hobbes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and John Locke on the origin of society. [1] Hobbes viewed humans in a state of nature as engaged in a struggle against one another, leading to the creation of absolute monarchy to maintain order. [2] Rousseau believed humans were good by nature but private property corrupted society. [3] Locke saw humans in the state of nature as free under natural law until conflicts arose, necessitating a social contract to preserve rights to life, liberty, and property.

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    Social Contract

    Uploaded by

    Natalia Tsegereda De Juan Cachinero
    18 views2 pages
    The document summarizes the philosophical views of Thomas Hobbes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and John Locke on the origin of society. [1] Hobbes viewed humans in a state of nature as engaged in a struggle against one another, leading to the creation of absolute monarchy to maintain order. [2] Rousseau believed humans were good by nature but private property corrupted society. [3] Locke saw humans in the state of nature as free under natural law until conflicts arose, necessitating a social contract to preserve rights to life, liberty, and property.

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    SOCIAL CONTRACT

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    The document summarizes the philosophical views of Thomas Hobbes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and John Locke on the origin of society. [1] Hobbes viewed humans in a state of nature as engaged in a struggle against one another, leading to the creation of absolute monarchy to maintain order. [2] Rousseau believed humans were good by nature but private property corrupted society. [3] Locke saw humans in the state of nature as free under natural law until conflicts arose, necessitating a social contract to preserve rights to life, liberty, and property.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views2 pages

    Social Contract

    Uploaded by

    Natalia Tsegereda De Juan Cachinero
    The document summarizes the philosophical views of Thomas Hobbes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and John Locke on the origin of society. [1] Hobbes viewed humans in a state of nature as engaged in a struggle against one another, leading to the creation of absolute monarchy to maintain order. [2] Rousseau believed humans were good by nature but private property corrupted society. [3] Locke saw humans in the state of nature as free under natural law until conflicts arose, necessitating a social contract to preserve rights to life, liberty, and property.

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    Topic 3 Philosophy 2020/2021

    The origin of society:

    In this part of the third topic we study the origin of society. For that, we are going to meet three
    di erent points of view, based on the philosophical ideas of the social contract’s philosophers.
    They are:

    Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)


    Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
    John Locke (1632-1704)

    “Laws were made for men and not men for


    laws”

    – LOCKE

    “Homo homini lupus”

    – HOBBES
    “Man is good by nature, it is society that
    corrupts him”

    – ROUSSEAU

    Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)

    According Hobbes’ philosophical ideas, before the creation of the diverse societies, human being
    lived in the nature, but this natural state, in Hobbes’ opinion, was a real struggle, a real battle
    against everyone. This is the main motive which explains the origin of society, better, of civil
    societies, which basement is a social contract that guarantees the civil peaceful and harmony.

    But instead, everyone must give up in liberty and rights.

    The result is the civil state, whose political order is an absolute monarchy, where the King is
    identi ed with the State. The name of that monster is Leviathan. This is a pessimistic view of
    human being.

    Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)

    His point of departure was an optimistic view of us, of human beings. In his opinions, the human
    being is good by nature. Then, the natural state, for him, was something like a paradise. By the
    way, we can ask: Rousseau, if the nature is a paradise, why do human beings decide the creation
    of civil societies? There is his answer: one day, one of the natural human beings decided to fence
    an area of land, for saying that the fence was his private property. Thus, the natural egoism of
    human beings supposes the origin of civil societies. Once in society, the human beings become
    corrupt beings.

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    Topic 3 Philosophy 2020/2021
    John Locke (1632-1704)

    Locke has been considered the father of political liberalism -it supposes the opposition to the
    political absolutism- and his point of departure is a philosophical hypothesis: before the existence
    of the civil societies there was a natural state.

    In this natural state the human being appears like a completely free being, and our conduct and
    behavior was limited only by the natural law, stablished by God. In this world there was equality
    between everyone, and all humans enjoyed these three natural rights:

    - Right to life.

    - Right to liberty.

    - Right to private property if it has been obtained through your job.

    At the same time, these three rights are fountain of some con icts. Then, the creation of the state
    is like a kind of guarantee that preserves the three rights.

    The basement of the civil state is a rational covenant, which if is unful lled, citizens can rebel
    against the abuse of power.

    In this civil state there is three separate powers:

    -Legislative power.

    -Executive power.

    -Federative power.

    Name:
    Course and group:
    Delivery date: 10-02-2021

    1. Find interesting information about the biography of Locke, Rousseau and Hobbes.

    2. Produce a comparative chart between the three philosophers:

    - Name and dates.

    - Philosophical current.

    - Main ideas.

    - Personal opinion.

    3. What is your favorite one? Why?

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    fi

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