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    Chemistry Vol.2 Figures Class 12

    Uploaded by

    Sasidaran Sasi
    This document contains a list of figures from Chemistry Class 12 Volume 2. It includes 316 figures grouped into chapters on topics such as haloalkanes and haloarenes, alcohols and phenols, aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids, amines, biomolecules, and polymers. Each figure is numbered and given a brief name or description. The pages that each figure is located on are provided at the end in a table format.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chemistry Vol.2 Figures Class 12

    Uploaded by

    Sasidaran Sasi
    36 views60 pages
    This document contains a list of figures from Chemistry Class 12 Volume 2. It includes 316 figures grouped into chapters on topics such as haloalkanes and haloarenes, alcohols and phenols, aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids, amines, biomolecules, and polymers. Each figure is numbered and given a brief name or description. The pages that each figure is located on are provided at the end in a table format.

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    This document contains a list of figures from Chemistry Class 12 Volume 2. It includes 316 figures grouped into chapters on topics such as haloalkanes and haloarenes, alcohols and phenols, aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids, amines, biomolecules, and polymers. Each figure is numbered and given a brief name or description. The pages that each figure is located on are provided at the end in a table format.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as xlsx, pdf, or txt
    36 views60 pages

    Chemistry Vol.2 Figures Class 12

    Uploaded by

    Sasidaran Sasi
    This document contains a list of figures from Chemistry Class 12 Volume 2. It includes 316 figures grouped into chapters on topics such as haloalkanes and haloarenes, alcohols and phenols, aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids, amines, biomolecules, and polymers. Each figure is numbered and given a brief name or description. The pages that each figure is located on are provided at the end in a table format.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as xlsx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 60

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    CH
    Chapter Name

    Haloalkanes and Haloarenes


    Alcohol and Phenols
    Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
    Amines
    Biomolecules
    Polymers
    Chemistry in Everyday life
    CHEMISTRY CLASS 12 VOLUME 2 LIST OF FIGURES
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    EMISTRY CLASS 12 VOLUME 2 LIST OF FIGURES (316)
    Name of the Figure

    Mono haloalkane
    Dihaloalkane
    Trihaloalknae
    Monohaloarene
    Dihaloarene
    Trihaloarene
    Primanry Secondary and Tertiary Alkyl Halides
    Alliylic Haides
    Benzyllic Halides
    Vinyl Halides
    Aryl Halides
    N Propyl Bromide
    Isopropyl Chloride
    Isobutylchloride
    Bromobenzene
    MDibrormobenzene
    Sym Tribromobenzene
    1Chloro2,2Dimethylpropane
    2Bromopropane
    1,1Dichloroethane
    1,2 Dichloroethane
    Addition of hydrogen halides:
    Free Radical Halogenation
    Addition of Halogens
    Finkelstein Reaction
    Swarts Reaction
    Preaparatin of Haloarenes
    Sandmeyers Reaction
    Comparision of Boiling Point of Some Alkyl Halides
    Nucleophilic substitution reactions
    Subsitution Nucleophile Bimolecular
    Red Ball represents the incoming hydroxide ion and green ball repres
    Steric effects in SN2 reaction. The relative rate of SN2 reaction is giv
    Substitution nucleophilic unimolecular (SN1)
    Some common examples of chiral and achiral objects
    B is mirror image of A; B is rotated by 180o and C is obtained; C is su
    E is mirror image of D; E is rotated by 180o to get F and F is non sup
    A chiral molecule and its mirror image
    Retention:
    Inversion, retention and racemisation:
    Wurtz reaction
    Resonance effect
    Difference in hybridisation of carbon atom in C—X bond:
    Replacement by hydroxyl group
    Electrophilic substitution reactions
    Halogenation
    Nitration
    Sulphonation
    Friedel-Crafts reaction
    Wurtz-Fittig reaction
    Fittig reaction
    DDT
    Monohydric Alcohols
    Dihydric Alcohols
    Trihydric Alcohols
    Allylic alcohols:
    Benzylic alcohols:
    Phenol Mono Di Tri Alcohol
    Cyclohexanol
    2-Methylcyclopentanol
    Phenol
    o-Cresol
    m-Cresol
    p-Cresol
    Catehol
    Resorcinol
    Quinol
    Methanol
    Phenol
    Methooxymethane
    acid catalysed hydration
    Mechanism of acid catalysed hydration
    By hydroboration–oxidation
    By reduction of aldehydes and ketones
    By reduction of carboxylic acids and esters:
    By Grirands Reagents
    From haloarenes
    From benzenesulphonic acid
    From diazonium salts
    From cumene
    OH Bonding in Alcohols and Phenols
    Ethanol
    Methoxymethane
    Propane
    Diagram opposide to Solubility Topic
    Alcohol as Nucleophiles
    Pronated Alcohol as Electrophile
    Reaction with metals
    Acidity of alcohols
    Acidity of phenols
    Esterication
    Acteylation of Saliyic Acid
    Reaction with Hydrogen Halides
    Reaction with Phosphorous Trihalides
    Dehydration
    Mechanism of dehydration
    Oxidation
    Electrophilic aromatic substitution nirtion
    Picric Aicid Production
    Halogenation
    Kolbes Rwaction
    Reimer Tiemann Reaction
    Reaction of phenol with zinc dust
    Prodcution of Benzoquione
    Methanol ReCTION
    Ethanol Reaction
    Ethers Prepared by Dehydration of Alchol
    Willamson Synthesis
    Cleavage of CO Bond in Ethers
    Halogenation
    Fiedel Crafts Reaction
    Nitration
    Vanillin
    Salicylaldehyde
    Cinnamaldehyde
    Acetaldehde
    Benzaldehyde
    B-Bromobutryraldehyde
    Acetone
    Acetopheone
    Propiophenone
    Benzophenone
    Ethanol
    4Bromo3Methylheptanal
    3Methylcyclopentanone
    Pent2enal
    1phenylpropan1one
    Cyclohexanecabaldehyde
    3oxopental
    24dimenthylpentan3one
    4nitrobenzaldehyde
    Propan123tricarbaldehyde
    Orbital diagram for the formation of carbonyl group
    Preparation of Aldehydes From acyl chloride (acid chloride)
    From nitriles and esters
    By oxidation of methylbenzene
    Use of chromic oxide (CrO3 ):
    By side chain chlorination followed by hydrolysis
    By Gatterman – Koch reaction
    From acyl chlorides Preparation of Ketones
    From nitriles
    From benzene or substituted benzenes
    Physical Properties of Ketone
    Nucleophilic attack on carbonyl carbon
    Addition of hydrogen cyanide (HCN)
    Addition of sodium hydrogensulphite
    Addition of alcohols:
    Addition of ammonia and its derivatives
    Wolff-Kishner reduction)
    Clemmensen reduction
    Tollens’ test:
    Fehling’s test: F
    Oxidation of methyl ketones by haloform reaction
    Acidity of α-hydrogens of aldehydes and ketones:
    Aldol condensation:
    Cross aldol condensation:
    Cannizzaro reaction:
    Electrophilic substitution reaction
    Structure of Carboxyl Group
    Methods of Preparation of Carboxylic Acids From primary alcohols a
    From alkylbenzenes
    From nitriles and amide
    From Grignard reagents
    From acyl halides and anhydrides
    From esters
    In vapour state or in aprotic solvent
    Hydrogen bonding of RCOOH with H2O
    Reactions Involving Cleavage of O–H Bond Acidity
    Electron Withdrawing Group
    Elctron Donating Group
    4-Methoxy benzoic acid (pK = 4.46)
    Benzoic acid (p = 4.19)
    4-Nitrobenzoic acid (pK = 3.41)
    Formation of anhydride
    Esterification
    Reactions with PCl5, PCl3 and SOCl2
    Reaction with ammonia
    Reduction Reactions Involving –COOH Group
    Decarboxylation
    Halogenation Substitution Reactions in the Hydrocarbon Part
    Ring substitution

    Examples of Amines
    Pyramidal shape of trimethylamine
    primary (1o ), secondary (2o ) and tertiary (3o ) Amines
    Reduction of nitro compounds
    Ammolysis of Alkyl halides
    Reduction of Nitriles
    Reduction of Amides
    Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesies
    Hollfmaan Bromadide Degradation
    Intermolecular hydrogen Bonding in Primary Amines
    Basic character of amines
    Alkanamines versus ammonia
    Decreasing order of extent of H-bonding in water and order of stabilit
    Arylamines versus ammonia
    Acylation
    Carbylamine reaction
    Reaction with nitrous acid
    Reaction with arylsulphonyl chloride
    Electrophilic substitution
    Nitration:
    Sulphonation:
    DIAZONIUM SALTS
    Replacement by halide or cyanide ion:
    Gatterman reaction.
    Replacement by iodide ion:
    Replacement by fluoride ion
    Replacement by H:
    Replacement by hydroxyl group:
    Replacement by –NO2 group
    Reactions involving retention of diazo group coupling reactions

    Preparation of Glucose From sucrose (Cane sugar)


    From starch:
    Glucose
    Prolonged Heating of Glucose with HI
    Reaction of Hydroxylamine with Glucose
    Oxidiation to Gluconic Acid
    Acetylation of Glucose
    Spatial Arrangements
    Oxidation with Nitric Acid of Glucose
    Glyceraldehyde +
    Glyceraldehyde-
    D Glyceraldehyde +
    D Glucose
    Alpha D Glucose
    Beta D Glucose
    Pyran
    Glucopyranose Alpha
    Glucopyranose Beta
    D Frutose
    Furan
    D Alpha FructoFuranose
    D Beta FructoFuranose
    Haworth structures D Alpha FructoFuranose
    Haworth structures D Beta FructoFuranose
    Sucrose and its Reaction
    Maltose
    Lactose
    Amylose
    Amylopectin
    Cellusoe
    Amino Acid
    Zwitter ion
    Gly- Ala
    Alpha Helix
    : β-Pleated sheet structure of proteins
    Diagrammatic representation of protein structure (two sub-units of tw
    Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of haemoglob
    Hydrolysis of Maltose
    Beta D Ribose
    Beta d 2 deoxyribose
    Adenine
    Guanine
    Custonine
    Thymine
    Uracil
    Structure of (a) a nucleoside and (b) a nucleotide
    Formation of a dinucleotide
    Double strand helix structure for DNA
    Chain initiation steps
    Chain propagating step
    Chain terminating step
    Low Density polymers
    High Density polymers
    Teflon
    Polyacrylonitrile
    Condensation Polymerisation
    Nylon 6,6
    Nylon 6
    Phenol
    Bakelite
    Melamine
    Copolymerisation
    Rubber
    Isoprene
    Vulcanized Rubber
    Neoprene
    Buna N
    PHBV

    Structural features of sulphonamides


    Active site of an enzyme (b) Substrate (c) Substrate held in active sit
    Drug and substrate competing for active site
    Non-competitive inhibitor changes the active site of enzyme after bind
    Receptor protein embedded in the cell membrane, the active site of t
    Receptor receiving chemical messenger (b) Shape of the receptor ch
    Histamine
    Cimetime
    Raniditime
    Bromophiramine
    Seldane
    Nardil
    Iphenozid
    Chlorodiazephole
    Equanil
    Meprobamate
    Veronal
    Vallium
    Serotonnin
    Morphine
    Heroin
    Codeine
    Salvarsam
    Protonsil
    Sulphanilamide
    Sulphapyridinie
    Azodye
    Peniciliin
    Chloramphenicol
    Chloroxylenol
    Terpineol
    Bithionol
    Norethindrone
    Novestrol
    Soap Reaction
    Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide
    Aninoic Detegents
    Page Number

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