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    Seminar Report Final

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    Gurunath Metri
    Centrifugation is a technique used to separate particles of different densities in solution. It works by applying centrifugal force to accelerate the sedimentation of denser particles. The document discusses key factors like particle size, shape, density, and medium viscosity that affect sedimentation rates. It also describes different types of centrifuges used including differential and density gradient centrifugation. Density gradient centrifugation separates particles by layering solutions of varying density, allowing particles to separate into layers based on their own densities. Centrifugation is a widely used laboratory technique in fields like molecular biology and pathology.

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    Seminar Report Final

    Uploaded by

    Gurunath Metri
    42 views11 pages
    Centrifugation is a technique used to separate particles of different densities in solution. It works by applying centrifugal force to accelerate the sedimentation of denser particles. The document discusses key factors like particle size, shape, density, and medium viscosity that affect sedimentation rates. It also describes different types of centrifuges used including differential and density gradient centrifugation. Density gradient centrifugation separates particles by layering solutions of varying density, allowing particles to separate into layers based on their own densities. Centrifugation is a widely used laboratory technique in fields like molecular biology and pathology.

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    Centrifugation is a technique used to separate particles of different densities in solution. It works by applying centrifugal force to accelerate the sedimentation of denser particles. The document discusses key factors like particle size, shape, density, and medium viscosity that affect sedimentation rates. It also describes different types of centrifuges used including differential and density gradient centrifugation. Density gradient centrifugation separates particles by layering solutions of varying density, allowing particles to separate into layers based on their own densities. Centrifugation is a widely used laboratory technique in fields like molecular biology and pathology.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    42 views11 pages

    Seminar Report Final

    Uploaded by

    Gurunath Metri
    Centrifugation is a technique used to separate particles of different densities in solution. It works by applying centrifugal force to accelerate the sedimentation of denser particles. The document discusses key factors like particle size, shape, density, and medium viscosity that affect sedimentation rates. It also describes different types of centrifuges used including differential and density gradient centrifugation. Density gradient centrifugation separates particles by layering solutions of varying density, allowing particles to separate into layers based on their own densities. Centrifugation is a widely used laboratory technique in fields like molecular biology and pathology.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 11

    Content

    • Introduction to Centrifugation
    • Principles of Centrifugation
    • Factors affecting Sedimentation
    • Sedimentation coefficient
    • Types of centrifuges
    • Conclusion
    • Reference

    INTRODUCTION TO CENTRIFUGATION

    •Centrifugation is a method of separating


    molecules having different densities by
    spinning them in solution around axis.
    •It is one of the most useful and frequently
    employed techniques in the molecular
    biology laboratory.

    •Centrifugation is used to purify virus


    particles,

    to precipitate DNA , to collect cells,

    to separate different constituents of blood.

    •Separation of particles based upon their

    sedimentation rate.

    CENTRIFUSE MACHINE
    Principles of Centrifugation
    • A centrifuge works by using the
    principle of sedimentation : under
    the influence of gravitational force ,
    substances separate according to
    their density.
    • It is a mechanical process that uses
    centrifugal force to separate
    particles from a solution based on
    their size, shape, density, medium
    viscocity and rotor speed.
    Factors affecting Sedimentation

    • Shape, size , density and nature of the


    particle.

    • The sedimentation rate is proportional


    to the difference in density between
    the particle and the medium.

    • The sedimentation rate is zero when


    the particle density is the same as the
    medium density.

    • The sedimentation rate decreases as


    the medium viscosity increases.
    Sedimentation coefficient

    • Sedimentation coefficient is the


    quantity used to determine the rate of
    sedimentation of the particle .

    • Mass of the particle directly


    proportional to the coefficient rate. As
    mass increases sedimentation rate
    increases.
    • As the increase in density of medium
    sedimentation rate decreases and vice
    versa.
    • More the spherical shape more will
    be sedimentation rate.

    Types of Centrifuges
    ❖ Differential Centrifugation

    • A suspension of cells subjected


    to a series of increasing
    centrifugal force cycles will
    yield a series of pellets
    containing cells of decreasing
    sedimentation rate.
    • Used to separate certain
    organelles from whole cells
    for further analysis of
    specific part of the cells.
    Density gradient centrifugation
    • The separation is based on the
    density of the molecules.
    • The term density gradient means
    density of liquid in centrifuge tube
    keeps changing as we move from
    top to bottom.
    • Common ingredient is solution of
    sucrose.
    • Step 1- Solution of sucrose with
    different concentration is
    prepared.
    • Step 2- The most concentrated
    layer is layered at the bottom of the
    tube.
    • The sample which is to be analysed
    is layered on the top.
    • Particles with more density will
    travel to the bottom layer and
    vice-versa.
    • As the moving particles reaches
    the sucrose layer which is equal in
    density the particles stop moving.
    • The particles get accumulated in
    different layer depending on their
    density.
    • After centrifugation when the
    material in the centrifuge tube is
    fractionated the separation and
    purification of sample becomes
    very easy.
    CONCLUSION
    • Overall the centrifugation plays vital
    role in the almost every field of the
    science especially in the field of
    colloid chemistry and in the
    pathological laboratory- mainly for
    the separation of urine components
    and blood components in forensic
    and research laboratory.
    • It helps to separate the particles from
    the colloidal solution based on its
    nature that is mainly based on its
    size, shape, mass .
    • This process is very much required to
    perform the various molecular
    studies mainly for the isolation of the
    desired biomolecules.
    REFERENCE
    Brakke, Myron K. "Density gradient
    centrifugation: a new separation
    technique1." Journal of the American
    Chemical Society 73.4 (1951): 1847-1848.
    Brakke, M. K. (1951). Density gradient
    centrifugation: a new separation
    technique1. Journal of the American
    Chemical Society, 73(4), 1847-1848.
    Brakke, Myron K. "Density gradient
    centrifugation: a new separation
    technique1." Journal of the American
    Chemical Society 73, no. 4 (1951): 1847-
    1848.
    Brakke, M.K., 1951. Density gradient
    centrifugation: a new separation
    technique1. Journal of the American
    Chemical Society, 73(4), pp.1847-1848.
    Brakke MK. Density gradient centrifugation:
    a new separation technique1. Journal of the
    American Chemical Society. 1951
    Apr;73(4):1847-8.

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