DEPARTMENT OF GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC POLICY (G&PP)

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGUAGES, ISLAMABAD 2021-

2022
WATER WISE (SAVE WATER SAVE LIFE)

A Project on Water Conservation

FINAL PROJECT REPORT

BS4 (MORNING)

SUPERVISED BY
DR. ATHAR RASHID

PROJECT TEAM
Aliya Tabsum
Umair khalid
Saimoon Anila
Kamran Javaid
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEGDGEMENT........................................................................................................................3

LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................................................................4

INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................7

BASIC INFORMATION............................................................................................................................8

INITIAL PROPOSAL.................................................................................................................................9

LIST OF ACTIVITIES..............................................................................................................................16

DETAILS OF ACTIVITIES......................................................................................................................17

SOCIAL MEDIA CAMPAIGN.................................................................................................................28

COST OF THE PROJECT........................................................................................................................29

CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................30

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TEAM PROFILE

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 OUR SUPERVISOR:

Our Team is very Thankful to our Supervisor, who guides us at every stage. We are highly
indebted to our honorable teacher DR. ATHAR RASHID, Assistant Professor, Department of
Governance & Public Policy, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan.
Social Action Projects Supervisor, for providing us the opportunity to do this project under his
kind supervision. Without his valuable suggestions, encouragement and guidance this project
would not have been completed.

PREFACE

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As part of Public Administration and Governance Curriculum and in order to gain practice
knowledge in the field of governance and public policy, we are required to make a report on our
SOCIAL ACTION PROJECT titled as “WATER WISE SAVE WATER SAVE LIFE”. The
basic objectives behind this project report are to give awareness about water conservation and
water management with in growing population. Why and how issues of water can be tackle
down.

In this project report we have included various concepts such as Eco-bricks, installation of rain
barrels, using low flow shower heads and faucets and to take individual steps to ensure
sustainable use of water. That further leads to minute details of our grand work in the limited
time duration. Through the development of our project, we had a great experience of various
strategies that can be applied in the development of our project. This project is stepping stone for
our carrier

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 ACKNOWLEGDGEMENT
First and foremost, thanks to Allah Almighty for his countless blessings and providing us
everything required to complete this project successfully. No creation in this world is a solo
effort. Neither is this project. It would not have been possible without the kind support and
cooperation of many individuals and organizations. We are highly indebted to our honorable
teacher DR. ATHAR RASHID (ASSISTANT PROF DEP OF G&PP) for providing us the
opportunity to do this project under his kind supervision. Without his valuable suggestions,
encouragement and guidance this project would not have been completed. We highly appreciate
the cooperation of “The Water and Sanitation Agency Rawalpindi (WASA)” throughout the
project.

We would like to express our deepest and sincere gratitude to the leaders who put their effort to
make awareness sessions (webinars) successful. We are also thankful to the various stake holders
of different organization for their cooperation and encouragement. Efforts of “Administration of
WASA” played key role in the completion of our SAP. We are also thankful to “Pakistan
Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR)” for giving us their precious time for
interview and meeting in our project. Team “Water Wise” also acknowledges the efforts of
“Administration of Ministry of Water and Resources” for their great suggestion regarding our
project. We are also thankful to the “Administration of Rawal Filtration Plant” for briefing us
about water filtration, purification, water borne diseases and efforts to purify water at individual
level and for visit of filtration plant. Last but not the least, we wholeheartedly express our
sincere gratitude to our parents and friends who have been instrumental in the successful
completion of this project.

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 LITERATURE REVIEW

The world water crises-achieving water is one of the most formidable challenges on the road to
sustainable development. While the Pakistan’s water storage capacity is 4 times lesser than
what’s required by international standard. However, luckily, nature has blessed us with
underground aquifers, which have potential of storing more than 3000 MAF water. [1]

Pakistan’s water storage capacity is just for 30 days against the international standard of
minimum requirement of 120 days. In all big cities, our biggest potential to supply water on
domestic level comes from ground water, but sadly no one here considers the importance of
ground water management. The water availability in Pakistan has dropped by up to 400% since
1951. Per capita surface water availability in 1951 was 5260 cubic meters per year which
reduced around 1000 cubic meters in 2016. This is likely to further drop to about 500 cubic
meters by 2025. Pakistan could store 3000 MAF as ground water, despite this huge potential; we
have not considered it even for one-million-dollar project on national scale. [2]

Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR) gave a serious warning; if the
Government does not pay key attention towards water scarcity the Pakistan will run out of this
precious natural resource by 2025. Severe water scarcity already has negative impact on the
economy of the country as Pakistan is agricultural based country, 60% of its population is
directly depends upon agriculture and livestock however 80% of exports based on these sectors
and approximately 95% of country’s water is used for agriculture. Pakistan is among world’s 36
most water stressed countries due to increasing in population day by day, unsustainable use of
water and over consumption of water. This water crisis is posing threat to the country’s future
security, stability, and sustainability. So it needs key attention, coordinated planning and
implementation to avert disaster. Sustainable Development Goal six (SDG6) emphases on the
Availability and Sustainable management of water and sanitation for all water use efficiency, and
integrated water resources management. In line with the SDGs, Pakistan’s vision 2025 addresses
the issues of water security and aims for increasing water storage capacity, improving
agricultural efficiency by 20 percent, and ensuring the availability of clean drinking water to all
Pakistanis. [3] Pakistan needs a sound national water policy which delineates the framework for
balanced socio-economic development, management, and conservation of the country’s water

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resources in an environment challenged by climate change. Attempts over the years to update
and approve a national water policy have failed due to lack of priority and consensus among
federating units, and the approval of the 2002 draft national water policy has been delayed for a
decade and a half.

HISAR FOUNDATION is also working on rational use of water this body came into existence in
2014. It aims to provide meaningful and innovative solutions to Pakistan’s key water issues as
well as advancing these solutions into a mainstream national agenda. It provides
recommendation to the frame work of national water policy with the assistance of Asia
Foundation. [4]

In this Social Action Project, student of public administration and governance at NUML are
target of survey as this is important to the researcher to know the level of water conservation
awareness as they are the potential employees in the future in various areas and departments of
Pakistan. And the targeted areas of Islamabad are i9 and i10 as this is suffering from water
shortage. More over the targeted stake holders includes Administration of WASA, PCRWR,
RLFP, and PMWR as they are directly associated and dealing Water related affairs.

REFERENCES

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
312525328_WATER_CONSERVATION_STRATEGhttps://www.researchgate.net/
publication/317013835_saving_water_for_a_sustainable_futureIES_AND_SOLUTIONS

https://www.streamlabswater.com/article/7-ways-conserve-water-home

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332320727_Water_Conservation_Practices

https://housing.com/news/water-conservation/

https://www.h2ouse.net/why-save-water/

https://www.alfaauv.com/blog/top-5-ways-to-save-water-in-your-home/

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https://water.muet.edu.pk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Recommendations-for-Pakistans-
Water-Policy-Framework.pdf

https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-s-water-crisis-why-national-water-policy-
needed

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 INTRODUCTION

Water, Water Wise, Aqua the pure; save water save life are the most common phrases used over
the world. Water does not need any introduction; the importance of this is known to each and
every one as it is the most important ingredient of life without it one cannot even expect life on
this planet. Water fuels every aspect of life as it covers 75% of our planet. However, 97-98% is
in the ocean which is salty and cannot use for drinking purposes, of the remaining 2.5% is fresh
water which is in the form of an ice cap and glaciers and only 0.7% is available for us to drink.
This emphasizes the need to start valuing water and turns to alternatives which help us to
preserve it. Pakistan is a water-deficient country, so it needs to take all necessary measures to
save water. It is estimated that 30 million acre-feet of water goes to waste every year in the
country due to carelessness. The wastage of water at this enormous scale is alarming as it is
feared that the country would face a severe shortage of water by 2025 if effective steps are not
taken to conserve the precious commodity.

The main motif of this Social Action Project is to substantially increase water-use efficiency
across different sectors and ensure equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all.
This research will raise awareness among residents of Pakistan and engage public to start saving
water. As most of the people among us are unaware about water scarcity issue and the ones who
are aware, are not contributing anything against this issue. So, we have decided that through this
Social Action Project, we will raise awareness among people to take significant steps towards
secure water resource and to conserve water. We are focusing on sustainable use of water,
measures to conserve water and measures to purify water through which we will be able to
ensure availability of clean water that is directly related to SDG-6, 14 and 15.
We believe that our small initiative will be a great foot step towards conserve one of the precious
ingredients on this planet. Indeed, it is a noble initiative and religious obligation.

BASIC INFORMATION

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Project Title:

WATER WISE (Save Water save Life)

Project description:

Awareness on water conservation and water scarcity

Description of the area

District/Tehsil: Islamabad

Most targeted areas: Sector i9 and i10

Project Member:

Project Manager and Data collector: Aliya Tabsum

Project Coordinator & Content Creator: Umair Khalid

Social Affairs Manager & Finance Manager: Kamran Javaid

Social media person & Photographer and Editor: Saimoon Anila

INITIAL PROPOSAL

BRIEF DETAILS OF SAP

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Sustainable Development Goal 6 is about "clean water and sanitation for all". Water fuels every
aspect of life as it covers 70% of our planet; it is easy to take it for granted. However, only 0.7%
is available for us to drink. This emphasizes the need to starting valuing water and turn to
alternatives which help us preserve it. Pakistan is a water-deficient country, so it needs to take all
necessary measures to save water. It is estimated that 30 million acre feet of water goes to waste
every year in the country due to carelessness. The wastage of water at this enormous scale is
alarming as it is feared that the country would face a severe shortage of water by 2025 if
effective steps are not taken to conserve the precious commodity.

The main motif of this project is to substantially increase water-use efficiency across different
sectors and ensure equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all. This project
raises awareness among residents of Pakistan and engages public to start saving water. As most
of the people among us are unaware about water scarcity issue and the ones who are aware, are
not contributing anything against this issue. So, we have decided that through this social action
project, we will raise awareness among people to take significant steps towards secure water
resources.

The “Water Wise" is a social action project of students of Governance and Public policy,
NUML Islamabad under the supervision of Dr. Athar Rashid, aims to promote and strengthen the
participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management. The second
and most important aim is, to introduce ‘Water Conservation Education’ in Higher Education
Institution.

The Water Conservation education focuses on;

 What users can do to reduce water consumption & reduce impacts on water supplies?
 Educating people on importance of water conservation & implementing strategies for
residents & business to reduce daily water use. Strategies include the preparation of
materials & resources about both the need for & practices that reduces water waste at
home. Like the installation of new technologies in the homes such as low flushes toilets,
low flow shower-heads & fixing water leaks promptly.
 Additional water conservation education encourages shorter showers and doing fewer
loads of laundry.

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  Outside home, it encourages to restrict watering to night hours, to engage in rain
harvesting via rain barrel use & to reuse waste water use onsite for irrigation or washing
cars.
 It also focuses to direct out reach for youth in schools to educate children at early age
about the importance of water conservation & ways they can reduce water use and
programs for adults about managing a water efficient home.

Last but not least this project aims to give water conservation POLICY to NUML.

LOCATION/ AREA OF PROJECT

Area:

Rawalpindi/Islamabad

Institutions:

The Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA)

Capital Development Authority (CDA), Islamabad.
Ministry of Water Resources
Rawal Lake Filtration Plant
Different Water management companies
PCRWR

DURATION OF PROPOSED PROJECT (TIME LINE)

2021 2022

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Time Months
interval
September October November December January
Develop- 
proposal
Presentation 
of proposal
Supervisor 
Approval
Data   
collection
Data 
interpretation
& analysis
Report 
Writing
Report 
Submission
Final 
Research
Defence

PLEASE CHOOSE A CATEGORY THAT BEST SUMMARIZES WHO THESE

BENEFICIARIES WILL BE:

People of all ages including;

 Children
 Teenagers
 Young people
 Older people
 Women
 Men
 People living in poverty
 Minorities

LOCAL AVAILABLE RESOURCES

 Camera.
 Laptop.

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  Social media
 Awareness webinars.
 Questionnaires, survey forms.
 Transportation cost.
 Posters, banners cost.
 Interviews with experts

HOW WILL THIS PROJECT BENEFIT YOUR COMMUNITY

Background:

The world water crises-achieving water is one of the most formidable challenges on the road to
sustainable development. While the Pakistan’s water storage capacity is 4 times lesser than
what’s required by international standard. However, luckily, nature has blessed us with
underground aquifers, which have potential of storing more than 3000 MAF water.

Need:

Pakistan’s water storage capacity is just for 30 days against the international standard of
minimum requirement of 120 days. In all big cities, our biggest potential to supply water on
domestic level comes from ground water, but sadly no one here considers the importance of
ground water management. The water availability in Pakistan has dropped by up to 400% since
1951. Per capita surface water availability in 1951 was 5260 cubic meters per year which
reduced around 1000 cubic meters in 2016. This is likely to further drop to about 500 cubic
meters by 2025.

Pakistan could store 3000 MAF as ground water, despite this huge potential; we have not
considered it even for one-million-dollar project on national scale.

SDGs:

 SDG 6 seeks to ensure safe drinking water and sanitation for all

Goal#14 Life below Water

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Goal# 15 Life on Land

Objectives:

 To create awareness among local people about the prevailing condition of water scarcity
in Pakistan and its consequences
 To educate them that how they can play their role and save water for themselves and their
future generations
 Focusing on the sustainable management of water resources, wastewater and ecosystems,
and acknowledging the importance of an enabling environment.
 Our aim is to realize people how small efforts can make big change.
 Aim to aware people regarding water born disease and try to ensure the safety against
Dengue fever.

HOW WILL YOU START AND MANAGE YOUR SAP

Feasibility:

This social action project is feasible to work on because the society is in terrible need of
highlighting such issues. Through the social media platform, will give them awareness and by
performing various activities in which they will get to know the importance of water as well as
the concept of ‘No water no future’.

 We will organize an awareness campaigns in schools, colleges and universities. We will

do collaboration with Water management organizations in order to carry out activities at
public places.
 After getting the response we will collaborate with certain NGOs, to help us in funding
for providing filtration plants where it most needed.
 We will also ask for feedback from these NGOs regarding our performance and work
capabilities.
 It will be feasible for us and we will accomplish our objectives and will definitely be
taking this project further for bringing a positive change at a greater scale

Methodology/Approach:

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  Different awareness drives in the form of door-to-door campaigns, Street level campaigns
through printed brochures and wall poster-pasting on the busy places of concerned area.
 Conducting interviews with local people and teach them the ways of water conservation.
 Launching social media campaigns to create awareness among people about the issue of
water scarcity.
 Conducting interviews with the Hydro-geologists. (Hydro-geologist is a professional
expert who is expert in ground water, and holds at least qualification of Master’s degree
in this field)
 Create awareness about leaky taps that drips at the rate of one drop per second can waste
more than 3000 gallons per year. That’s the amount of water needed to take more than
180 showers.
 It may seem impossible to eliminate non-degradable waste from environment
(specifically from water), but there is an incredibly easy and effective solution to this
enormous problem we face, we can introduce the concept of Eco-bricks.
 We will collaborate with BS-III, as they are working on “awareness on Water Scarcity”.

Continuity:

We will expand our team by adding more volunteers and will continue our efforts. This program
will remain continue, be consistent with its messages, have a well-defined strategy and human
resources fully dedicated to it. It would be accomplished through community participation. We
are a group of 04 members who are working on this project.

We have decided to work on this project after the semester. Proper websites along with blogs and
social media platforms will be formed to make information reachable.

HOW WILL YOU MEASURE THE SUCCESS OF YOUR SAP

Outcomes:

 After this project we are going to know the success of our project when people are taking
advantage from our awareness campaigns

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  Highlighting importance of water in life.
 Substantially increase water-use efficiency across different sectors and ensure sustainable
withdrawals and supply of fresh water to address water scarcity.
 Protect and restore water-related ecosystems, forests, acquirers and lakes.
 Improving water quality by reducing pollution.

Measuring tools:

 Questionnaires
 Public Interviews
 Official Interviews
 Social Media Pages
 Feedback Forms
 Activities carried out

LIST OF ACTIVITIES

 Initial survey
 Introductory Webinar
 Participants meeting with relevant stake holders
 Visit to Rawal Filtration Plant

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  Webinar on water conservation and management
 Eco-bricks activities
 Awareness drives
 Street campaigns, (i9)
 Conducting interviews with local people of i10
 Launching social media campaigns
 Collaborate with BS-III -Awareness on Water Scarcity.
 Poster pasting within university premises
 New year resolution
 Interview stake holders of Technical Department
 Interview with deans of different department within university.

DETAILS OF ACTIVITIES

0.1- INITIAL SURVEY

Initially on 27 November, 2021 a survey was conducted by team “WATER WISE” through
Google form. The Survey Questionnaire included 15 questions addressing availability of quantity
and quality of Water Resources, Water borne diseases and attitude of public towards Water
conservation. Total respondent was 50 among them 66% were female and 34% were male.

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 Overall responses indicate that individuals are concerned with water availability, issues and
water borne diseases but few of them are giving personal efforts to conserve water. Furthermore,
a great percentage of respondent were willing to learn about water issues if they were provided
with the opportunity.

The core objective of this survey was to reach public with water related information and issues
and to change public attitude towards water usage in growing population moreoverit aimed to
evaluate youth’s awareness and willingness to act on water issues.

0.2- SAP-INTRODUCTORY WEBINAR

On 6 December, 2021 Team Water Wise conducted an introductory webinar on Social Action
Project. 28 participants were part of that session. Among them 40% were female & 60% were
male participants. It aimed at aware people regarding the great initiative.

Overall it was a good and conductive session; participants appreciated us for this initiative and
gave good wishes to precede such an obligatory work.

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0.3- MEETINGS WITH ADMINISTRATION OF WASA

On 9 December, 2021 our team held a meeting with Deputy Director Mr. Junaid Taj and
Vice Chairman. Haroon Hashmi WASA. It was a brief meeting about the Function of WASA
and how it is playing its role in water conservation more over the Deputy Director guide us to
take certain steps as a student to conserve water. Vice Chairman ensured our collaboration
with an NGO; already working on water scarcity. They also awarded us with appreciation
letter.

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Overall it was a conductive and fruitful meeting with such kind and helping natured staff of
WASA Rawalpindi.

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0.4- STREET CAMPAIGN

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On 10 December, 2021 we held campaign in i9 sector Islamabad where we talked to people
regarding water usage in the streets of i9 and pasted poster on the walls, doors of schools,
Masjid, and houses.

INTERVIEW PEOPLE IN SECTOR i10

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We visited various location of i10 and provide water conservation measures to the people. Our
Team made people believes that conservation of water can ensure that supplies of fresh water
will be available for everyone, today and tomorrow. It was great experience, the people
responded properly and appreciate our initiative and few government officials regarded it as
(Religious Act).

0.5- VISIT TO RAWAL LAKE FILTRATION PLANT

Team Water Wise visited Rawal Lake Filtration Plant. We met the Assistant Director of
Filtration Plant. We informed him about our project initiative. 
 He informed us in brief details about the work to be done on the Rawal filtration plant. It intakes
water from the Rawal Dam/Lake, situated in Islamabad, and supplies water to the Potohar region
in Rawalpindi. They have also informed us of some issues such as;  Raise in the pollution level
has also increased the cost of the drinking water, Human settlement and commercial activity in
the catchment has also continuously grown causing further pollution in the catchment water, The
lake water is further contaminated with the runoff organic pollutant from both domestic and
commercial activity and fertilizers which cause increased dosage of coagulant and disinfectant
resulting in the rise of treatment cost. 

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 He helped us a lot in formulating the Numl Water Conservation Policy. He appreciated our work
and gave us a letter of Appreciation.

0.6- ECO-BRICK ACTIVITY

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Team Water wise along with Mutashma Noor has arranged a Eco brick activity in which
specially little girls participated. The purpose of this activity was to save the environment from
plastic contamination and water pollution.
 262 Eco bricks collected and Plastic Weight 78.6 kg 
These eco bricks were utilized in a positive way. Prizes were also awarded to the winners of the
competition. 

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0.7- WEBINAR
On 5 January, 2021 Team Water-Wise has organized the Webinar on very interesting topic
"Water conservation and management".

 For webinar, we have invited Assistant Director WASA Noor Ur Rabbani, who is expert in his
field.  The number of participants was satisfactory and it was very informative session. Mr. Noor
Ur Rabbani answered each and every question of the participants.

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0.8- MEETING WITH DEPUTY DIRECTOR PCRWR
Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR) is a water based research institute in
Pakistan. Team Water Wise visited PCRWR and met with Deputy Director of PCRWR in which
team briefed about their Project initiative.  He acknowledged our work and ensured us to
collaborate with us in future activities regarding water conservation. Deputy Director gave us
valuable suggestions for Numl Water conservation policy preliminary draft. 

 At the end of the meeting, Deputy Director awarded our team with Acknowledgment Letter.

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0.9- VISIT TO MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES
Our team visited the Ministry of Water Resource. The Ministry has been tasked with the mission
of development of country’s water resources to meet future challenges of water shortage, provide
visionary lead-ship role in National Water Policy formulation & implementation taking all
stakeholders on board, by consistently embracing creativity, initiative, innovation and
technology. 
 Our team had a detailed meeting with Section Officer Water and Assistant Chief Development.
They acknowledged our work and help us to formulate Numl Water conservation Policy
preliminary draft and guided us how can we work better on Advocacy.  Last but not least
Ministry of water awarded our team with letter of Appreciation

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1.1- NEW YEAR’S RESOLUTION ACTIVITY

A New Year resolution means new opportunities to change the way we live and to make a better
version of ourselves. Every year, everyone comes up with a new list of resolutions. Whether it’s
to go to the gym or save more money, we all want goals that will have a positive impact on our
lives. This year, we made our New Year’s Resolution list an environmentally sustainable one!
All above in the list issues of Water Wisely.

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1.2- VISIT TO TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT
Team Water Wise visited Technical Department of NUML in order to collect quantitative
and qualitative data for NUML water conservation policy. It aims to make NUML as smart
University.

Engr. Noor ud din and Plumber In charge gave their suggestions as well.

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SOCIAL MEDIA CAMPAIGN

Social media was the main platform we were using for the project. We reached a satisfactory
number of people by social media and the network is growing day by day. All the activities
regarding the project were posted on our face book and Instagram pages. Here is the link of our
face book and Instagram page:

https://instagram.com/_water_wise?utm_medium=copy_link

https://m.facebook.com/Water-wise-100517102474144/

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POSTER PASTING AT NUML

On 27December, 2021 our team had an activity of poster pasting at NUML. We have pasted
posters of water conservation measures on walls of each and every department inside the
University. We have distributed posters among teachers as well.

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 COST OF THE PROJECT

Project Funding:
There was no external funding for this project and this project was totally based on
personal contributions of our team members only. So for this purpose, budget was
maintained by the collection of Pocket money from our team members.

Expenditures:

Items Price
Charts and Stationary 1000
Brochures Printing 2000
Eco Bricks Competition 4000
Refreshment 2000
Transport 3000
Colour Prints 1000
Pan flex Campaign Printing 2000
Total 15000

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 CONCLUSION

The Social Action project analyses the various aspects of water resources of Pakistan and
presents a water conservation strategy. The importance of water cannot be laid aside while
talking for economic growth and development of Pakistan as it serves as a life blood of the
economy. With the rapid growth of population and increased use of water, its supply is not
meeting its demand over the time. Besides the menaces of water shortages and energy crisis,
global warming is another serious challenge daunting the policy-makers of the country. Water
use practices in the country are not in accordance with water conservation and quality
requirements. Most of the water is polluted and unhygienic for drinking purpose both for human
and animals.

There is a need to analyses the existing water resources and recommending comprehensive
conservation and management strategy in view of catering the planning requirements for the
future. In order to overcome the burning issue confronted with water requirements for agriculture
and energy there is a pressing need to construct some new mega dams which could serve the
larger interest of the people of Pakistan and their coming generations for accruing the mutual
benefits on the basis of equity and justice. Every year due to floods a lot of water flows down
towards sea and its inundation causes huge and irreparable losses to human lives, property and
assets of public and private sectors. For overcoming such menaces, small and flood dams at
different sites should be constructed.

Last, but not least, there is a need to switch the over consumption behavior of individuals and
organization into water conservative behavior and water smart strategy which could meet the
challenge of water shortages and water losses to a greater extent. The proper fixing of the leaks
and installation of rain barrels could also reduce water losses and in this way water could be
conserved, economized and used for alternative purposes.

………………………..THE END…………………

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