Abbott Charles2

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ESCAPE OF THE CHILDREN. ..................................................20
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Original Copyright 1849 by Jacob Abbott. 2 Distributed by Heritage History 2009

gloomy regions, where at last it falls into a terrific abyss,
enveloped in darkness and storms. That of Charles the Second,
CHAPTER I on the other hand, rising in the wild and rugged mountains
where the parent stream was engulfed, commences its course by
leaping frightfully from precipice to precipice, with turbid and
INFANCY foaming waters, but emerges at last into a smooth and smiling
land, and flows through it prosperously to the sea.
King Charles the Second was the son and successor of
Prince Charles's mother, the wife of Charles the First,
King Charles the First. These two are the only kings of the name
was a French princess. Her name was Henrietta Maria. She was
of Charles that have appeared, thus far, in the line of English
an accomplished, beautiful, and very spirited woman. She was a
sovereigns. Nor is it very probable that there will soon be
Catholic, and the English people, who were very decided in their
another. The reigns of both these monarchs were stained and
hostility to the Catholic faith, were extremely jealous of her.
tarnished with many vices and crimes, and darkened by national
They watched all her movements with the utmost suspicion.
disasters of every kind, and the name is thus connected with so
They were very unwilling that an heir to the crown should arise
many painful associations in the minds of men, that it seems to
in her family. The animosity which they felt against her husband
have been dropped, by common consent, in all branches of the
the king, which was becoming every day more and more bitter,
royal family.
seemed to be doubly inveterate and intense toward her. They
The reign of Charles the First, as will be seen by the published pamphlets, in which they called her a daughter of
history of his life in this series, was characterized by a long and Heth, a Canaanite, and an idolatress, and expressed hopes that
obstinate contest between the king and the people, which from such a worse than pagan stock no progeny should ever
brought on, at last, a civil war, in which the king was defeated spring.
and taken prisoner, and in the end beheaded on a block, before
Henrietta was at this time—1630—twenty-one years of
one of his own palaces. During the last stages of this terrible
age, and had been married about four years. She had had one
contest, and before Charles was himself taken prisoner, he was,
son, who had died a few days after his birth. Of course, she did
as it were, a fugitive and an outlaw in his own dominions. His
not lead a very happy life in England. Her husband the king, like
wife and family were scattered in various foreign lands, his cities
the majority of the English people, was a Protestant, and the
and castles were in the hands of his enemies, and his oldest son,
difference was a far more important circumstance in those days
the prince Charles, was the object of special hostility. The prince
than it would be now; though even now a difference in religious
incurred, therefore, a great many dangers, and suffered many
faith, on points which either party deems essential, is, in married
heavy calamities in his early years. He lived to see these
life, an obstacle to domestic happiness, which comes to no
calamities pass away, and, after they were gone, he enjoyed, so
termination, and admits of no cure. If it were possible for reason
far as his own personal safety and welfare were concerned, a
and reflection to control the impetuous impulses of youthful
tranquil and prosperous life. The storm, however, of trial and
hearts, such differences of religious faith would be regarded,
suffering which enveloped the evening of his father's days,
where they exist, as an insurmountable objection to a
darkened the morning of his own. The life of Charles the First
matrimonial union.
was a river rising gently, from quiet springs, in a scene of
verdure and sunshine, and flowing gradually into rugged and
The queen, made thus unhappy by religious dissensions for the safe and careful instruction of the child in the principles
with her husband, and by the public odium of which she was the of the Christian faith. This is, of course, mainly a form, the real
object, lived in considerable retirement and seclusion at St. function of the sponsors being confined, as it would appear, to
James's Palace, in Westminster, which is the western part of making magnificent presents to their young godchild, in
London. Here her second son, the subject of this history, was acknowledgment of the distinguished honor conferred upon
born, in May, 1630, which was ten years after the landing of the them by their designation to the office which they hold. The
pilgrims on the Plymouth rock. The babe was very far from sponsors, on this occasion, were certain royal personages in
being pretty, though he grew up at last to be quite a handsome France, the relatives of the queen. They could not appear
man. King Charles was very much pleased at the birth of his son. personally, and so they appointed proxies from among the higher
He rode into London the next morning at the head of a long train nobility of England, who appeared at the baptism in their stead,
of guards and noble attendants, to the great cathedral church of and made the presents to the child. One of these proxies was a
St. Paul's, to render thanks publicly to God for the birth of his duchess, whose gift was a jewel valued at a sum in English
child and the safety of the queen. While this procession was money equal to thirty thousand dollars.
going through the streets, all London being out to gaze upon it, The oldest son of a king of England receives the title of
the attention of the vast crowd was attracted to the appearance of Prince of Wales; and there was an ancient custom of the realm,
a star glimmering faintly in the sky at midday. This is an that an infant prince of Wales should be under the care, in his
occurrence not very uncommon, though it seldom, perhaps, earliest years, of a Welsh nurse, so that the first words which he
occurs when it has so many observers to witness it. The star was should learn to speak might be the vernacular language of his
doubtless Venus, which, in certain circumstances, is often bright principality. Such a nurse was provided for Charles. Rockers for
enough to be seen when the sun is above the horizon. The
his cradle were appointed, and many other officers of his
populace of London, however, who were not in those days very household, all the arrangements being made in a very
profound astronomers, regarded the shining of the star as a magnificent and sumptuous manner. It is the custom in England
supernatural occurrence altogether, and as portending the future to pay fees to the servants by which a lady or gentleman is
greatness and glory of the prince whose natal day it thus attended, even when a guest in private dwellings; and some idea
unexpectedly adorned. may be formed of the scale on which the pageantry of this
Preparations were made for the baptism of the young occasion was conducted, from the fact that one of the lady
prince in July. The baptism of a prince is an important affair, and sponsors who rode to the palace in the queen's carriage, which
there was one circumstance which gave a peculiar interest to that was sent for her on this occasion, paid a sum equal to fifty
of the infant Charles. The Reformation had not been long dollars each to six running footmen who attended the carriage,
established in England, and this happened to be the first occasion and a hundred dollars to the coachman; while a number of
on which an heir to the English crown had been baptized since knights who came on horseback and in armor to attend upon the
the Liturgy of the English Church had been arranged. There is a carriage, as it moved to the palace, received each a gratuity of
chapel connected with the palace of St. James, as is usual with two hundred and fifty dollars. The state dresses on the occasion
royal palaces in Europe, and even, in fact, with the private of this baptism were very costly and splendid, being of white
castles and mansions of the higher nobility. The baptism took satin trimmed with crimson.
place there. On such occasions it is usual for certain persons to
appear as sponsors, as they are called, who undertake to answer
The little prince was thus an object of great attention at Protestant realm, a Catholic lady, in marrying an English king,
the very commencement of his days, His mother had his portrait ought not to have expected, perhaps, to have been allowed to
painted, and sent it to her mother in France. She did not, bring up her children in her own faith; still, it must have been
however, in the letters which accompanied the picture, though very hard for a mother to be forbidden to teach her own children
his mother, praise the beauty of her child. She said, in fact, that what she undoubtedly believed was the only possible means of
he was so ugly that she was ashamed of him, though his size and securing for them the favor and protection of Heaven.
plumpness, she added, atoned for the want of beauty. And then There is in London a vast storehouse of books,
he was so comically serious and grave in the expression of his manuscripts, relics, curiosities, pictures, and other memorials of
countenance! the queen said she verily believed that he was by-gone days, called the British Museum. Among the old
wiser than herself. records here preserved are various letters written by Henrietta,
As the young prince advanced in years, the religious and and one or two by Charles, the young prince, during his
political difficulties in the English nation increased, and by the childhood. Here is one, for instance, written by Henrietta to her
time that he had arrived at an age when he could begin to receive child, when the little prince was but eight years of age, chiding
impressions from the conversation and intercourse of those him for not being willing to take his medicine. He was at that
around him, the Parliament began to be very jealous of the time under the charge of Lord Newcastle.
influence which his mother might exert. They were extremely "CHARLES,—I am sorry that I must begin my first letter
anxious that he should be educated a Protestant, and were very with chiding you, because I hear that you will not take phisicke,
much afraid that his mother would contrive to initiate him I hope it was onlie for this day, and that to-morrow you will do it
secretly into the ideas and practices of the Catholic faith. She for if you will not, I must come to you, and make you take it, for
insisted that she did not attempt to do this, and perhaps she did it is for your health. I have given order to mi Lord of Newcastle
not; but in those days it was often considered right to make false to send mi word to-night whether you will or not. Therefore I
pretensions and to deceive, so far as this was necessary to hope you will not give me the paines to goe; and so I rest, your
promote the cause of true religion. The queen did certainly make affectionate mother,
some efforts to instill Catholic principles into the minds of some
of her children; for she had other children after the birth of "HENRIETTE MARIE."
Charles. She gave a daughter a crucifix one day, which is a little The letter was addressed:
image of Christ upon the cross, made usually of ivory, or silver, To MI DEARE SONNE the Prince.
or gold, and also a rosary, which is a string of beads, by means
of which the Catholics are assisted to count their prayers. The queen must have taken special pains with this her
Henrietta gave these things to her daughter secretly, and told her first letter to her son, for, with all its faults of orthography, it is
to hide them in her pocket, and taught her how to use them. The very much more correct than most of the epistles which she
Parliament considered such attempts to influence the minds of attempted to write in English. She was very imperfectly
the royal children as very heinous sins, and they made such acquainted with the English language, using, as she almost
arrangements for secluding the young prince Charles from his always did, in her domestic intercourse, her own native tongue.
mother, and putting the others under the guidance of Protestant Time passed on, and the difficulties and contests between
teachers and governors, as very much interfered with Henrietta's King Charles and his people and Parliament became more and
desires to enjoy the society of her children. Since England was a more exciting and alarming. One after another of the king's most
devoted and faithful ministers was arrested, tried, condemned, that most of the errors which the writer falls into are those which
and beheaded, notwithstanding all the efforts which their result naturally from the usages of her mother tongue.
sovereign master could make to save them. Parties were formed, Queen Henrietta to Sir Edward Nicholas.
and party spirit ran very high. Tumults were continually "MAISTRE NICHOLAS,—I have reseaved your letter, and
breaking out about the palaces, which threatened the personal that you send me from the king, which writes me word he as
safety of the king and queen. Henrietta herself was a special been veré well reseaved in Scotland; that both the armi and the
object of the hatred which these outbreaks expressed. The king people have shewed a creat joy to see the king, and such that
himself was half distracted by the overwhelming difficulties of theay say was never seen before. Pray God it may continue.
his position. Bad as it was in England, it was still worse in Your frand,
Scotland. There was an actual rebellion there, and the urgency of
the danger in that quarter was so great that Charles concluded to HENRIETTE MARIE R.'
go there, leaving the poor queen at home to take care of herself At one time during the king's absence in Scotland the
and her little ones as well as she could, with the few remaining Parliament threatened to take the queen's children all away from
means of protection yet left at her disposal. her, for fear, as they said, that she would make papists of them.
There was an ancient mansion, called Oatlands, not very This danger alarmed and distressed the queen exceedingly. She
far from London, where the queen generally resided during the declared that she did not intend or desire to bring up her children
absence of her husband. It was a lonely place, on low and level in the Catholic faith. She knew this was contrary to the wish of
ground, and surrounded by moats filled with water, over which the king her husband, as well as of the people of England. In
those who wished to enter passed by draw-bridges. Henrietta order to diminish the danger that the children would be taken
chose this place for her residence because she thought she away, she left Oatlands herself, and went to reside at other
should be safer there from mobs and violence. She kept the palaces, only going occasionally to visit her children. Though
children all there except the Prince of Wales, who was not she was thus absent from them in person, her heart was with
allowed to be wholly under her care. He, however, often visited them all the time, and she was watching with great solicitude
his mother, and she sometimes visited him. and anxiety for any indications of a design on the part of her
enemies to come and take them away.
During the absence of her husband, Queen Henrietta was
subjected to many severe and heavy trials. Her communications At last she received intelligence that an armed force was
with him were often interrupted and broken. She felt a very ordered to assemble one night in the vicinity of Oatlands to seize
warm interest in the prosperity and success of his expedition, her children, under the pretext that the queen was herself
and sometimes the tidings she received from him encouraged her forming plans for removing them out of the country and taking
to hope that all might yet be well. Here, for instance, is a note them to France. Henrietta was a lady of great spirit and energy,
which she addressed one day to an officer who had sent her a and this threatened danger to her children aroused all her
letter from the king, that had come enclosed to him. It is written powers. She sent immediately to all the friends about her on
in a broken English, which shows how imperfectly the foreign whom she could rely, and asked them to come, armed and
lady had learned the language of her adopted country. They who equipped, and with as many followers as they could muster, to
understand the French language will be interested in observing the park at Oatlands that night. There were also then in and near
London a number of officers of the army, absent from their posts

on furlough. She sent similar orders to these. All obeyed the people, on his arrival, with apparent cordiality and good will.
summons with eager alacrity. The queen mustered and armed The queen was, of course, rejoiced to welcome him home, and
her own household, too, down to the lowest servants of the she felt relieved and protected by his presence. The city of
kitchen. By these means quite a little army was collected in the London, which had been the main seat of disaffection and
park at Oatlands, the separate parties coming in, one after hostility to the royal family, began to show symptoms of
another, in the evening and night. This guard patrolled the returning loyalty and friendly regard. In reciprocation for this,
grounds till morning, the queen herself animating them by her the king determined on making a grand entry into the city, to pay
presence and energy. The children, whom the excited mother a sort of visit to the authorities. He rode, on this occasion, in a
was thus guarding, like a lioness defending her young, were all splendid chariot of state, with the little prince by his side. Queen
the time within the mansion, awaiting in infantile terror some Henrietta came next, in an open carriage of her own, and the
dreadful calamity, they scarcely knew what, which all this other children, with other carriages, followed in the train. A long
excitement seemed to portend. cortège of guards and attendants, richly dressed and
magnificently mounted, preceded and followed the royal family,
The names and ages of the queen's children at this time
while the streets were lined with thousands of spectators, who
were as follows:
waved handkerchiefs and banners, and shouted God save the
Charles, prince of Wales, the subject of this story, eleven. king! In the midst of this scene of excitement and triumph,
Mary, ten. Young as she was, she was already married, Henrietta rode quietly along, her anxieties relieved, her sorrows
having been espoused a short time before to William, prince of and trials ended, and her heart bounding with happiness and
Orange, who was one year older than herself. hope. She was once more, as she conceived, reunited to her
husband and her children, and reconciled to the people of her
James, duke of York, seven. He became afterward King realm. She thought her troubles were over. Alas! they had, on
James II. the contrary, scarcely begun.
Elizabeth, six.
Henry, an infant only a few months old.
The night passed away without any attack, though a
considerable force assembled in the vicinity, which was,
however, soon after disbanded. The queen's fears were,
nevertheless, not allayed. She began to make arrangements for
escaping from the kingdom in case it should become necessary
to do so. She sent a certain faithful friend and servant to
Portsmouth with orders to get some vessels ready, so that she
could fly there with her children and embark at a moment's
notice, if these dangers and alarms should continue.
She did not, however, have occasion to avail herself of
these preparations. Affairs seemed to take a more favorable turn.
The king came back from Scotland. He was received by his
of Charles the First. Here we have only to speak of the queen,
CHAPTER II who was left in a state of great suspense and anxiety in her
palace at Whitehall while her husband was gone on his
dangerous mission.
PRINCE CHARLES'S MOTHER The plan of the king to make this irruption into the great
legislative assembly of the nation had been kept, so they
The indications and promises of returning peace and
supposed, a very profound secret, lest the members whom he
happiness which gave Prince Charles's mother so much
was going to arrest should receive warning of their danger and
animation and hope after the return of her husband from
fly. When the time arrived, the king bade Henrietta farewell,
Scotland were all very superficial and fallacious. The real
saying that she might wait there an hour, and if she received no
grounds of the quarrel between the king and his Parliament, and
ill news from him during that time, she might be sure that he had
of the feelings of alienation and ill will cherished toward the
been successful, and that he was once more master of his
queen, were all, unfortunately, as deep and extensive as ever;
kingdom. The queen remained in the apartment where the king
and the storm, which lulled treacherously for a little time, broke
had left her, looking continually at the watch which she held
forth soon afterward anew, with a frightful violence which it was
before her, and counting the minutes impatiently as the hands
evident that nothing could withstand. This new onset of disaster
moved slowly on. She had with her one confidential friend, the
and calamity was produced in such a way that Henrietta had to
Lady Carlisle, who sat with her and seemed to share her
reproach herself with being the cause of its coming.
solicitude, though she had not been entrusted with the secret.
She had often represented to the king that, in her opinion, The time passed on. No ill tidings came; and at length the hour
one main cause of the difficulties he had suffered was that he did fully expired, and Henrietta, able to contain herself no longer,
not act efficiently and decidedly, and like a man, in putting down exclaimed with exultation, "Rejoice with me; the hour is gone.
the opposition manifested against him on the part of his subjects; From this time my husband is master of his realm. His enemies
and now, soon after his return from Scotland, on some new spirit in Parliament are all arrested before this time, and his kingdom
of disaffection showing itself in Parliament, she urged him to act is henceforth his own."
at once energetically and promptly against it. She proposed to
It certainly is possible for kings and queens to have
him to take an armed force with him, and proceed boldly to the
faithful friends, but there are so many motives and inducements
halls where the Parliament was assembled, and arrest the leaders
to falsehood and treachery in court, that it is not possible,
of the party who were opposed to him. There were five of them
generally, for them to distinguish false friends from true. The
who were specially prominent. The queen believed that if these
Lady Carlisle was a confederate with some of the very men
five men were seized and imprisoned in the Tower, the rest
whom Charles had gone to arrest. On receiving this intimation of
would be intimidated and overawed, and the monarch's lost
their danger, she sent immediately to the houses of Parliament,
authority and power would be restored again.
which were very near at hand, and the obnoxious members
The king was persuaded, partly by the dictates of his own received warning in time to fly. The hour had indeed elapsed,
judgment, and partly by the urgency of the queen, to make the but the king had met with several unexpected delays, both in his
attempt. The circumstances of this case, so far as the action of preparations for going, and on his way to the House of
the king was concerned in them, are fully related in the history Commons, so that when at last he entered, the members were

gone. His attempt, however, unsuccessful as it was, evoked a the crown, or prepare to maintain them by war. The queen urged
general storm of indignation and anger, producing thus all the him to choose the latter alternative. To raise the means for doing
exasperation which was to have been expected from the this, she proposed that she should herself leave the country,
measure, without in any degree accomplishing its end. The poor taking with her, her jewels, and such other articles of great value
queen was overwhelmed with confusion and dismay when she as could be easily carried away, and by means of them and her
learned the result. She had urged her husband forward to an personal exertions, raise funds and forces to aid her husband in
extremely dangerous and desperate measure, and then by her the approaching struggle.
thoughtless indiscretion had completely defeated the end. A The king yielded to the necessity which seemed to
universal and utterly uncontrollable excitement burst like a clap compel the adoption of this plan. He accordingly set off to
of thunder upon the country as this outrage, as they termed it, of accompany Henrietta to the shore. She took with her the young
the king became known, and the queen was utterly appalled at Princess Mary; in fact, the ostensible object of her journey was
the extent and magnitude of the mischief she had done. to convey her to her young husband, the Prince of Orange, in
Holland. In such infantile marriages as theirs, it is not
customary, though the marriage ceremony be performed, for the
wedded pair to live together till they arrive at years a little more
mature.
The queen was to embark at Dover. Dover was in those
days the great port of egress from England to the Continent.
There was, and is still, a great castle on the cliffs to guard the
harbor and the town. These cliffs are picturesque and high,
falling off abruptly in chalky precipices to the sea. Among them
at one place is a sort of dell, by which there is a gradual descent
to the water. King Charles stood upon the shore when Henrietta
sailed away, watching the ship as it receded from his view, with
tears in his eyes. With all the faults, characteristic of her nation,
which Henrietta possessed, she was now his best and truest
THE PARTING AT DOVER.
friend, and when she was gone he felt that he was left desolate
The mischief was irremediable. The spirit of resentment and alone in the midst of the appalling dangers by which he was
and indignation which the king's action had aroused, expressed environed.
itself in such tumultuous and riotous proceedings as to render the The king went back to Hampton Court. Parliament sent
continuance of the royal family in London no longer safe. They him a request that he would come and reside nearer to the
accordingly removed up the river to Hampton Court, a famous capital, and enjoined upon him particularly not to remove the
palace on the Thames, not many miles from the city. There they young Prince of Wales. In the mean time they began to gather
remained but a very short time. The dangers which beset them together their forces, and to provide munitions of war. The king
were evidently increasing. It was manifest that the king must did the same. He sent the young prince to the western part of the
either give up what he deemed the just rights and prerogatives of kingdom, and retired himself to the northward, to the city of
York, which he made his head-quarters. In a word, both parties extraordinary one. A great gale of wind began to blow from the
prepared for war. northeast soon after the ships left the port, which increased in
violence for nine days, until at length the sea was lashed to such
In the mean time, Queen Henrietta was very successful in
a state of fury that the company lost all hope of ever reaching the
her attempts to obtain aid for her husband in Holland. Her
land. The queen had with her a large train of attendants, both
misfortunes awakened pity, with which, through her beauty, and
ladies and gentlemen; and there were also in her suit a number of
the graces of her conversation and address, there was mingled a
Catholic priests, who always accompanied her as the chaplains
feeling analogous to love. Then, besides, there was something in
and confessors of her household. These persons had all been
her spirit of earnest and courageous devotion to her husband in
extremely sick, and had been tied into their beds on account of
the hours of his calamity that won for her a strong degree of
the excessive rolling of the ship, and their own exhaustion and
admiration and respect.
helplessness. The danger increased, until at last it became so
There are no efforts which are so efficient and powerful extremely imminent that all the self-possession of the passengers
in the accomplishment of their end as those which a faithful wife was entirely gone. In such protracted storms, the surges of the
makes to rescue and save her husband. The heart, generally so sea strike the ship with terrific force, and vast volumes of water
timid, seems to be inspired on such occasions with a fall heavily upon the decks, threatening instant destruction—the
preternatural courage, and the arm, at other times so feeble and ship plunging awfully after the shock, as if sinking to rise no
helpless, is nerved with unexpected strength. Every one is ready more. At such moments, the noble ladies who accompanied the
to second and help such efforts, and she who makes them is queen on this voyage would be overwhelmed with terror, and
surprised at her success, and wonders at the extent and efficiency they filled the cabins with their shrieks of dismay. All this time
of the powers which she finds herself so unexpectedly able to the queen herself was quiet and composed. She told the ladies
wield. not to fear, for "queens of England were never drowned."
The queen interested all classes in Holland in her plans, At one time, when the storm was at its height, the whole
and by her personal credit, and the security of her diamonds and party were entirely overwhelmed with consternation and terror.
rubies, she borrowed large sums of money from the government, Two of the ships were engulfed and lost. The queen's company
from the banks, and from private merchants. The sums which thought that their own was sinking. They came crowding into the
she thus raised amounted to two millions of pounds sterling, cabin where the priests were lying, sick and helpless, and began
equal to nearly ten millions of dollars. While these negotiations all together to confess their sins to them, in the Catholic mode,
were going on she remained in Holland, with her little daughter, eager in these their last moments, as they supposed, to relieve
the bride, under her care, whose education she was carrying their consciences in any way from the burdens of guilt which
forward all the time with the help of suitable masters; for, oppressed them. The queen herself did not participate in these
though married, Mary was yet a child. The little husband was fears. She ridiculed the absurd confessions, and rebuked the
going on at the same time with his studies too. senseless panic to which the terrified penitents were yielding;
Henrietta remained in Holland a year. She expended a and whenever any mitigation of the violence of the gale made it
part of her money in purchasing military stores and supplies for possible to do any thing to divert the minds of her company, she
her husband, and then set sail with them, and with the money tried to make amusement out of the odd and strange dilemmas in
money not expended, to join the king. The voyage was a very which they were continually placed, and the ludicrous disasters
and accidents which were always befalling her servants and
officers of state, in their attempts to continue the etiquette and ran along the margin of a field, they crouched there together till
ceremony proper in attendance upon a queen, and from which the commander of the ships was tired of firing.
even the violence of such a storm, and the imminence of such
The queen's destination was York, the great and ancient
danger, could not excuse them. After a fortnight of danger, capital of the north of England. York was the head-quarters of
terror, and distress, the ships that remained of the little squadron King Charles's army, though he himself was not there at this
succeeded in getting back to the port from which they had sailed. time. As soon as news of the queen's arrival reached York, the
The queen, however, did not despair. After a few days of general in command there sent down to the coast a detachment
rest and refreshment she set sail again, though it was now in the of two thousand men to escort the heroine, and the stores and
dead of winter. The result of this second attempt was a money which she had brought, to her husband's capital. At the
prosperous voyage, and the little fleet arrived in due time at head of this force she marched in triumph across the country,
Burlington, on the English coast, where the queen landed her with a long train of ordnance and baggage-wagons loaded with
money and her stores. She had, however, after all, a very narrow supplies. There were six pieces of cannon, and two hundred and
escape, for she was very closely pursued on her voyage by an fifty wagons loaded with the money which she had obtained in
English squadron. They came into port the night after she had Holland. The whole country was excited with enthusiasm at the
landed, and the next morning she was awakened by the crashing spectacle. The enthusiasm was increased by the air and bearing
of cannon balls and the bursting of bomb shells in the houses of the queen, who, proud and happy at this successful result of
around her, and found, on hastily rising, that the village was all her dangers and toils, rode on horseback at the head of her
under a bombardment from the ships of her enemies. She hurried army like a general, spoke frankly to the soldiers, sought no
on some sort of dress, and sallied forth with her attendants to shelter from the sun and rain, and ate her meals, like the rest of
escape into the fields. This incident is related fully in the history the army, in a bivouac in the open field. She had been the means,
of her husband, Charles the First; but there is one circumstance, in some degree, of leading the king into his difficulties, by the
not there detailed, which illustrates very strikingly that strange too vigorous measures she had urged him to take in the case of
combination of mental greatness and energy worthy of a queen, the attempted parliamentary arrest. She seems to have been
with a simplicity of affections and tastes which we should determined make that spirit of resolution and energy in her,
scarcely expect in a child, that marked Henrietta's character. She which caused the mischief then, atone for it by its efficient
had a small dog. Its name was Mike. They say it was an ugly usefulness now. She stopped on her march to summon and
little animal, too, in all eyes but her own. This dog accompanied take a town, which had been hitherto in the hands of her
her on the voyage, and landed with her on the English shore. On husband's enemies, adding thus the glory of a conquest to the
the morning, however, when she fled from her bed to escape other triumphs of the day.
from the balls and bomb shells of the English ships, she In fact, the queen's heart was filled with pride and
recollected, after getting a short distance from the house, that pleasure at this conclusion of her enterprise, as is very manifest
Mike was left behind. She immediately returned, ran up to her from the frequent letters which she wrote to her husband at the
chamber again, seized Mike, who was sleeping unconsciously time. The king's cause revived. They gradually approached each
upon her bed, and bore the little pet away from the scene of ruin other in the operations which they severally conducted, until at
which the balls and bursting shells were making, all astonished, last the king, after a great and successful battle, set off at the
no doubt, at so hurried and violent an abduction. The party head of a large escort to come and meet his wife. They met in
gained the open fields, and seeking shelter in a dry trench, which
the vale of Keynton, near Edgehill, which is on the southern back her houses and lands, and allow her what he pleased in
borders of Warwickshire, near the center of the island. The money in its stead. Charles replied by telling her to remember
meeting was, of course, one of the greatest excitement and whom she was speaking to; that he could not be treated in that
pleasure. Charles praised the high courage and faithful affection manner; and then the queen, giving way to lamentations and
of his devoted wife, and she was filled with happiness in tears, said she was wretched and miserable; every thing that she
enjoying the love and gratitude of her husband. wanted was denied her, and whatever she recommended was
refused on the very account of her recommendation. Charles
The pressure of outward misfortune and calamity has
tried to speak, but she would not hear; she went on with her
always the same strong tendency as was manifest in this case to
lamentations and complaints, interrupted only by her own sobs
invigorate anew all the ties of conjugal and domestic affection,
of passion and grief.
and thus to create the happiness which it seems to the world to
destroy. In the early part of Charles and Henrietta's married life, The reader may perhaps imagine that this must have been
while every thing external went smoothly and prosperously with an extreme and unusual instance of dissension between this royal
them, they were very far from being happy. They destroyed each pair; but it was not. Cases of far greater excitement and violence
other's peace by petty disputes and jars about things of little sometimes occurred. The French servants and attendants, whom
consequence, in which they each had scarcely any interest except the queen very naturally preferred, and upon whom the king was
a desire to carry the point and triumph over the other. King as naturally inclined to look with suspicion and ill will, were a
Charles himself preserved a record of one of these disputes. The continual source of disagreement between them. At last, one
queen had received, at the time of her marriage, certain estates, afternoon, the king, happening to come into that part of the
consisting of houses and lands, the income of which was to be at palace at Whitehall where the queen's apartments were situated,
her disposal, and she wished to appoint certain treasurers to take and which was called "the queen's side", found there a number of
charge of this property. She had made out a list of these officers her gentlemen and lady attendants in a great frolic, capering and
in consultation with her mother. She gave this list to Charles one dancing in a way which the gay Frenchmen probably considered
night, after he was himself in bed. He said he would look at it in nothing extraordinary, but which King Charles regarded as very
the morning, but that she must remember that, by the marriage irreverent and unsuitable conduct to be witnessed in the presence
treaty, he was to appoint those officers. She said, in reply, that a of an English queen. He was very much displeased. He advanced
part of those whom she had named were English. The king said to Henrietta, took her by the arm, conducted her sternly to his
that he would look at the paper in the morning, and such of the own side of the palace, brought her into one of his own
English names as he approved he would confirm, but that he apartments, and locked the door. He then sent an officer to direct
could not appoint any Frenchmen. The queen answered that she all the French servants and attendants in the queen's apartments
and her mother had selected the men whom she had named, and to leave the palace immediately, and repair to Somerset House,
she would not have any body else. Charles rejoined that the which was not far distant, and remain there till they received
business was not either in her power or her mother's, and if she further orders. The officer executed these commands in a very
relied on such an influence to effect her wishes, he would not rough manner. The French women shrieked and cried, and filled
appoint any body that she recommended. The queen was very the court yard of the palace with their clamor; but the officer
much hurt at this, and began to be angry. She said that if she paid no regard to this noise. He turned them all out of the
could not put in whom she chose, to have the care of her apartments, and locked the doors after them.
property, she would not have any such property. He might take
The queen was rendered quite frantic with vexation and And how many thousands of outwardly prosperous families
rage at these proceedings. She flew to the windows to see and to there are, from which domestic peace and happiness are gone,
bid farewell to her friends, and to offer them expressions of her and nothing but the pressure from without of affliction or
sympathy. The king pulled her away, telling her to be quiet and calamity can ever restore them!
submit, for he was determined that they should go. The queen In consequence, in a great measure, of Henrietta's
was determined that she would not submit. She attempted to efficient help, the king's affairs greatly improved, and, for a
open the windows; the king held them down. Excited now to a time, it seemed as if he would gain an ultimate and final victory
perfect phrensy in the struggle, she began to break out the panes over his enemies, and recover his lost dominion. He advanced to
with her fist, while Charles exerted all his force to restrain and Oxford, and made his head quarters there, and commenced the
confine her, by grasping her wrists and endeavoring to force her preparations for once more getting possession of the palaces and
away. What a contrast between the low and sordid selfishness fortresses of London. He called together a Parliament at Oxford;
and jealousy evinced in such dissensions as these, and the lofty some members came, and were regularly organized in the two
and heroic devotedness and fidelity which this wife afterward houses of Lords and Commons, while the rest remained at
evinced for her husband in the harassing cares, the stormy London and continued their sittings there. Thus there were two
voyages, and the martial exposures and fatigues which she governments, two Parliaments, and two capitals in England, and
endured for his sake! And yet, notwithstanding this great the whole realm was rent and distracted by the respective claims
apparent contrast, and the wide difference in the estimation of these contending powers over the allegiance of the subjects
which mankind form of the conduct of the actor in these and the government of the realm.
different scenes, still we can see that it is, after all, the impulse
of the same lofty and indomitable spirit which acted in both. The
soul itself of the queen was not altered, nor even the character of
her action. The change was in the object and aim. In the one case
she was contending against the authority of a husband, to gain
petty and useless victories in domestic strife; in the other, the
same spirit and energy were expended in encountering the
storms and tempests of outward adversity to sustain her husband
and protect her children. Thus the change was a change of
circumstances rather than of character.
The change was, however, none the less important on
that account in its influence on the king. It restored to him the
affection and sympathy of his wife, and filled his heart with
inward happiness. It was a joyous change to him, though it was
produced by sufferings and sorrows; for it was the very pressure
of outward calamity that made his wife his friend again, and
restored his domestic peace. In how many thousand instances is
the same effect produced in a still more striking manner, though
on a less conspicuous stage, than in the case of this royal pair!
a guard, to secure his safety, than a force from which any aid
CHAPTER III was to be expected in the recovery of the kingdom.
QUEEN HENRIETTA'S FLIGHT

The brightening of the prospects in King Charles's affairs
which was produced, for a time, by the queen's vigorous and
energetic action, proved to be only a temporary gleam after all.
The clouds and darkness soon returned again, and brooded over
his horizon more gloomily than ever. The Parliament raised and
organized new and more powerful armies. The great Republican
general, Oliver Cromwell, who afterward became so celebrated
as the Protector in the time of the Commonwealth, came into the
field, and was very successful in all his military plans. Other
Republican generals appeared in all parts of the kingdom, and
fought with great determination and great success, driving the
armies of the king before them wherever they moved, and
reducing town after town, and castle after castle, until it began to
appear evident that the whole kingdom would soon fall into their
hands.
VIEW OF EXETER.
In the mean time, the family of the queen were very
much separated from each other, the children having been left in The queen did every thing in her power to sustain the
various places, exposed each to different privations and dangers. sinking fortunes of her husband, but in vain. At length, in June,
Two or three of them were in London in the hands of their 1644, she found herself unable to continue any longer such
father's enemies. Mary, the young bride of the Prince of Orange, warlike and masculine exposures and toils. It became necessary
was in Holland. Prince Charles, the oldest son, who was now for her to seek some place of retreat, where she could enjoy, for
about fourteen years of age, was at the head of one of his father's a time at least, the quiet and repose now essential to the
armies in the west of England. Of course, such a boy could not preservation of her life. Oxford was no longer a place of safety.
be expected to accomplish any thing as a general, or even to The Parliament had ordered her impeachment on account of her
exercise any real military command. He, however, had his place having brought in arms and munitions of war from foreign lands,
at the head of a considerable force, and though there were to disturb, as they said, the peace of the kingdom. The
generals with him to conduct all the operations, and to direct the Parliamentary armies were advancing toward Oxford, and she
soldiery, they were nominally the lieutenants of the prince, and was threatened with being shut up and besieged there. She
acted, in all cases, in their young commander's name. Their great accordingly left Oxford, and went down to the sea-coast to
duty was, however, after all, to take care of their charge; and the Exeter, a strongly fortified place, on a hill surrounded in part by
army which accompanied Charles was thus rather an escort and other hills, and very near the sea. There was a palace within the
walls, where the queen thought she could enjoy, for a time at impending danger. She had but little bodily strength remaining,
least, the needed seclusion and repose. The king accompanied but that little was stimulated and renewed by the mental
her for a few miles on her journey, to a place called Abingdon, resolution and energy which, as is usual in temperaments like
which is in the neighborhood of Oxford, and there the unhappy hers, burned all the brighter in proportion to the urgency of the
pair bade each other farewell, with much grief and many tears. danger which called it into action. She rose from her sick bed,
They never met again. and began to concert measures for making her escape. She
confided her plan to three trusty friends, one gentleman, one
Henrietta continued her sorrowful journey alone. She
lady, and her confessor, who, as her spiritual teacher and guide,
reached the sea-coast in the southwestern part of England, where
was her constant companion. She disguised herself and these her
Exeter is situated, and shut herself up in the place of her retreat.
attendants, and succeeded in getting through the gates of Exeter
She was in a state of great destitution, for Charles's
without attracting any observation. This was before Essex
circumstances were now so reduced that he could afford her very
arrived. She found, however, before she went far, that the van of
little aid. She sent across the Channel to her friends in France,
the army was approaching, and she had to seek refuge in a hut
asking them to help her. They sent immediately the supplies that
till her enemies had passed. She concealed herself among some
she needed—articles of clothing, a considerable sum of money,
straw, her attendants seeking such other hiding places as were at
and a nurse. She retained the clothing and the nurse, and a little
hand. It was two days before the bodies of soldiery had all
of the money; the rest she sent to Charles. She was, however,
passed so as to make it safe for the queen to come out of her
now herself tolerably provided for in her new home, and here, a
retreat. The hut would seem to have been uninhabited, as the
few weeks afterward, her sixth child was born. It was a daughter.
accounts state that she remained all this time without food,
The queen's long-continued exertions and exposures had though this seems to be an almost incredible degree of privation
seriously impaired her health, and she lay, feeble and low, in her and exposure for an English queen. At any rate, she remained
sick chamber for about ten days, when she learned to her dismay during all this time in a state of great mental anxiety and alarm,
that one of the Parliamentary generals was advancing at the head for there were parties of soldiery constantly going by, with a
of his army to attack the town which she had made her refuge. tumult and noise which kept her in continual terror. Their harsh
This general's name was Essex. The queen sent a messenger out and dissonant voices, heard sometimes in angry quarrels and
to meet Essex, asking him to allow her to withdraw from the sometimes in mirth, were always frightful. In fact, for a helpless
town before he should invest it with his armies. She said that she woman in a situation like that of the queen, the mood of reckless
was very weak and feeble, and unable to endure the privations and brutal mirth in such savages was perhaps more to be dreaded
and alarms which the inhabitants of a besieged town have than that of their anger.
necessarily to bear; and she asked his permission, therefore, to
At one time the queen overheard a party of these soldiers
retire to Bristol, till her health should be restored. Essex replied
talking about her. They knew that to get possession of the papist
that he could not give her permission to retire from Exeter; that,
queen was the object of their expedition. They spoke of getting
in fact, the object of his coming there was to escort her to
her head and carrying it to London, saying that Parliament had
London, to bring her before Parliament, to answer to the charge
offered a reward of fifty thousand crowns for it, and expressed
of treason.
the savage pleasure which it would give them to secure this
The queen perceived immediately that nothing but the prize, by imprecations and oaths.
most prompt and resolute action could enable her to escape the
They did not, however, discover their intended victim. dame, and, to carry out the whimsical idea, she had arranged a
After the whole army passed, the queen ventured cautiously match between these two, and had them married. Now there was
forth from her retreat; the little party got together again, and, still in her court at that time a wild and thoughtless nobleman, a great
retaining their disguises, moved on over the road by which the friend and constant companion of her husband Charles the First,
soldiers had come, and which was in the shocking condition that named Buckingham. An account of his various exploits is given
a road and a country always exhibit where an army has been in our history of Charles the First. Buckingham happened to hear
marching. Faint and exhausted with sickness, abstinence, and the of this Geoffrey Hudson, who was then a boy of seven or eight
effects of long continued anxiety and fear, the queen had years of age, living with his parents somewhere in the interior of
scarcely strength to go on. She persevered, however, and at England. He sent for him, and had him brought secretly to his
length found a second refuge in a cabin in a wood. She was house, and made an arrangement to have him enter the service of
going to Plymouth, which is forty or fifty miles from Exeter, to the queen, without, however, saying any thing of his design to
the southwest, and is the great port and naval station of the her. He then invited the queen and her husband to visit him at his
English, in that quarter of the island. palace; and when the time for luncheon arrived, one day, he
conducted the party into the dining saloon to partake of some
She stopped at this cabin for a little time to rest, and to
refreshment. There was upon the table, among other viands,
wait for some other friends and members of her household from
what appeared to be a large venison pie. The company gathered
the palace in Exeter to join her. Those friends were to wait until
around the table, and a servant proceeded to cut the pie, and on
they found that the queen succeeded in making her escape, and
his breaking and raising a piece of the crust, out stepped the
then they were to follow, each in a different way, and all
young dwarf upon the table, splendidly dressed and armed, and,
assuming such disguises as would most effectually help to
advancing toward the queen, he kneeled before her, and begged
conceal them. There was one of the party whom it must have
to be received into her train. Her majesty was very much pleased
been somewhat difficult to disguise. It was a dwarf, named
with the addition itself thus made to her household, as well as
Geoffrey Hudson, who had been a long time in the service of
diverted by the odd manner in which her new attendant was
Henrietta as a personal attendant and messenger. It was the fancy
introduced into her service.
of queens and princesses in those days to have such personages
in their train. The oddity of the idea pleased them, and the The youthful dwarf was then only eighteen inches high,
smaller the dimensions of such a servitor, the greater was his and he continued so until he was thirty years of age, when, to
value. In modern times all this is changed. Tall footmen now, in every body's surprise, he began to grow. He grew quite rapidly,
the families of the great, receive salaries in proportion to the and, for a time, there was a prospect that he would be entirely
number of inches in their stature, and the dwarfs go to the spoiled, as his whole value had consisted thus far in his
museums, to be exhibited, for a price, to the common wonder of littleness. He attained the height of three feet and a half, and
mankind. there the mysterious principle of organic expansion, the most
mysterious and inexplicable, perhaps, that is exhibited in all the
The manner in which Sir Geoffrey Hudson was
phenomena of life, seemed to be finally exhausted, and, though
introduced into the service of the queen was as odd as his figure.
he lived to be nearly seventy years of age, he grew no more.
It was just after she was married, and when she was about
eighteen years old. She had two dwarfs then already, a Notwithstanding the bodily infirmity, whatever it may
gentleman and a lady, or, as they termed it then, a cavalier and a have been, which prevented his growth, the dwarf possessed a

considerable degree of mental capacity and courage. He did not the party was safer in it than in the open and inhabited country,
bear, however, very good-naturedly, the jests and gibes of which which was all disturbed and in commotion, as every country
he was the continual object, from the unfeeling courtiers, who necessarily is in time of civil war. As the queen drew near to
often took pleasure in teasing him and in getting him into all Plymouth, she found that, for some reason, it would not be safe
sorts of absurd and ridiculous situations. At last his patience was to enter that town, and so the whole party went on, continuing
entirely exhausted, and he challenged one of his tormentors, their journey farther to the westward still.
whose name was Crofts, to a duel. Crofts accepted the challenge, Now there is one important sea-port to the westward of
and, being determined to persevere in his fun to the end, Plymouth which is called Falmouth, and near it, on a high
appeared on the battle ground armed only with a squirt. This promontory jutting into the sea, is a large and strong castle,
raised a laugh, of course, but it did not tend much to cool the called Pendennis Castle. This castle was, at the time of the
injured Lilliputian's anger. He sternly insisted on another queen's escape, in the hands of the king's friends, and she
meeting, and with real weapons. Crofts had expected to have determined, accordingly, to seek refuge there. The whole party
turned off the whole affair in a joke, but he found this could not arrived here safely on the 29th of June. They were all completely
be done; and public opinion among the courtiers around him worn out and exhausted by the fatigues, privations, and
compelled him finally to accept the challenge in earnest. The exposures of their terrible journey.
parties met on horseback, to put them more nearly on an
equality. They fought with pistols. Crofts was killed upon the The queen had determined to make her escape as soon as
spot. possible to France. She could no longer be of any service to the
king in England; her resources were exhausted, and her personal
After this Hudson was treated with more respect. He was health was so feeble that she must have been a burden to his
entrusted by the queen with many commissions, and sometimes cause, and not a help, if she had remained. There was a ship
business was committed to him which required no little capacity, from Holland in the harbor. The Prince of Orange, it will be
judgment, and courage. He was now, at the time of the queen's recollected, who had married the queen's oldest daughter, was a
escape from Exeter, of his full stature, but as this was only three prince of Holland, and this vessel was under his direction. Some
and a half feet, he encountered great danger in attempting to find writers say it was sent to Falmouth by him to be ready for his
his way out of the city and through the advancing columns of the mother-in-law, in case she should wish to make her escape from
army to rejoin the queen. He persevered, however, and reached England. Others speak of it as being there accidentally at this
her safely at last in the cabin in the wood. The babe, not yet two time. However this may be, it was immediately placed at Queen
weeks old, was necessarily left behind. She was left in charge of Henrietta's disposal, and she determined to embark in it on the
Lady Morton, whom the queen appointed her governess. Lady
following morning. She knew very well that, as soon as Essex
Morton was young and beautiful. She was possessed of great should have heard of her escape, parties would be scouring the
strength and energy of character, and she devoted herself with country in all directions in pursuit of her, and that, although the
her whole soul to preserving the life and securing the safety of castle where she had found a temporary refuge was strong, it
her little charge. was not best to incur the risk of being shut up and besieged in it.
The queen and her party had to traverse a wild and She accordingly embarked, with all her company, on
desolate forest, many miles in extent, on the way to Plymouth. board the Dutch ship on the very morning after her arrival, and
The name of it was Dartmoor Forest. Lonely as it was, however, immediately put to sea. They made all sail for the coast of
France, intending to land at Dieppe. Dieppe is almost precisely to see some friendly French ships appear in sight to rescue them.
east of Falmouth, two or three hundred miles from it, up the To balance this double hope, there was a double fear. There were
English Channel. As it is on the other side of the Channel, it their pursuers behind them, whose shots were continually
would lie to the south of Falmouth, were it not that both the booming over the water, threatening them with destruction, and
French and English coasts trend here to the northward. there was a storm arising which, with the great press of sail that
they were carrying, brought with it a danger, perhaps, more
Some time before they arrived at their port, they
imminent still.
perceived some ships in the offing that seemed to be pursuing
them. They endeavored to escape, but their pursuers gained It happened that these hopes and fears were all realized,
rapidly upon them, and at length fired a gun as a signal for the and nearly at the same time. A shot struck the ship, producing a
queen's vessel to stop. The ball came bounding over the water great shock, and throwing all on board into terrible
toward them, but did no harm. Of course there was a scene of consternation. It damaged the rigging, bringing down the rent
universal commotion and panic on board the queen's ship. Some sails and broken cordage to the deck, and thus stopped the
wanted to fire back upon the pursuers, some wished to stop and vessel's way. At the same moment some French vessels came in
surrender, and others shrieked and cried, and were overwhelmed sight, and, as soon as they understood the case, bore down full
with uncontrollable emotions of terror. sail to rescue the disabled vessel. The pursuers, changing
suddenly their pursuit to flight, altered their course and moved
In the midst of this dreadful scene of confusion, the
slowly away. The storm, however, increased, and, preventing
queen, as was usual with her in such emergencies, retained all
them from making the harbor of Dieppe, drove them along the
her self-possession, and though weak and helpless before, felt a
shore, threatening every moment to dash them upon the rocks
fresh strength and energy now, which the imminence itself of the
and breakers. At length the queen's vessel succeeded in getting
danger seemed to inspire. She was excited, it is true, as well as
into a rocky cove, where they were sheltered from the winds and
the rest, but it was, in her case, the excitement of courage and
waves, and found a chance to land. The queen ordered out the
resolution, and not of senseless terror and despair. She ascended
boat, and was set ashore with her attendants on the rocks. She
to the deck; she took the direct command of the ship; she gave
climbed over them, wet as they were with the dashing spray, and
instructions to the pilot how to steer; and, though there was a
slippery with sea-weed. The little party, drenched with the rain,
storm coming on, she ordered every sail to be set, that the ship
and exhausted and forlorn, wandered along the shore till they
might be driven as rapidly as possible through the water. She
came to a little village of fishermen's huts. The queen went into
forbade the captain to fire back upon their pursuers, fearing that
the first wretched cabin which offered itself, and lay down upon
such firing would occasion delay; and she gave distinct and
the straw in the corner for rest and sleep.
positive orders to the captain, that so soon as it should appear
that all hope of escape was gone, and that they must inevitably The tidings immediately spread all over the region that
fall into the hands of their enemies, he was to set fire to the the Queen of England had landed on the coast, and produced, of
magazine of gunpowder, in order that they might all be course, universal excitement. The gentry in the neighborhood
destroyed by the explosion. flocked down the next morning, in their carriages, to offer
Henrietta their aid. They supplied her wants, invited her to their
In the mean time all the ships, pursuers and pursued,
houses, and offered her their equipages to take her wherever she
were rapidly nearing the French coast. The fugitives were
should decide to go. What she wanted was seclusion and rest.
hoping to reach their port. They were also hoping every moment
They accordingly conveyed her, at her request, to the Baths of The localities which were the scenes of these events have
Bourbon, where she remained some time, until, in fact, her been made very famous by them, and traditionary tales of Queen
health and strength were in some measure restored. Great Henrietta's residence in Exeter, and of her romantic escape from
personages of state were sent to her here from Paris, with money it, have been handed down there, from generation to generation,
and all other necessary supplies, and in due time she was to the present day. They caused her portrait to be painted too,
escorted in state to the city, and established in great and hung it up in the city hall of Exeter as a memorial of their
magnificence and splendor in the Louvre, which was then one of royal visitor. The palace where the little infant was born has long
the principal palaces of the capital. since passed away, but the portrait hangs in the Guildhall still.
VIEW OF THE LOUVRE.
Notwithstanding the outward change which was thus

made in the circumstances of the exiled queen, she was very
unhappy. As the excitement of her danger and her efforts to
escape it passed away, her spirits sunk, her beauty faded, and her
countenance assumed the wan and haggard expression of
despair. She mourned over the ruin of her husband's hopes, and
her separation from him and from her children, with perpetual
tears. She called to mind continually the image of the little babe,
not yet three weeks old, whom she had left so defenseless in the
very midst of her enemies. She longed to get some tidings of the
child, and reproached herself sometimes for having thus, as it
were, abandoned her.

other children were too young to know or care about them, and
played blindman's buff and hide and go seek in the great saloons
CHAPTER IV of the palace with as much infantile glee as if their father and
mother were as safe and happy as ever.
ESCAPE OF THE CHILDREN. Though they felt thus no uneasiness and anxiety for
themselves, their exiled mother mourned for them, and was
oppressed by the most foreboding fears for their personal safety.
We left the mother of Prince Charles, at the close of the
She thought, however, still more frequently of the babe, and felt
last chapter, in the palace of the Louvre in Paris. Though all her
a still greater solicitude for her, left as she had been, at so
wants were now supplied, and though she lived in royal state in a
exceedingly tender an age, in a situation of the most extreme and
magnificent palace on the banks of the Seine, still she was
imminent danger. She felt somewhat guilty in having yielded her
disconsolate and unhappy. She had, indeed, succeeded in
reluctant consent, for political reasons, to have her other children
effecting her own escape from the terrible dangers which had
educated in what she believed a false system of religious faith,
threatened her family in England, but she had left her husband
and she now prayed earnestly to God to spare the life of this her
and children behind, and she could not really enjoy herself the
last and dearest child, and vowed in her anguish that, if the babe
shelter which she had found from the storm, as long as those
were ever restored to her, she would break through all
whom she so ardently loved were still out, exposed to all its
restrictions, and bring her up a true believer. This vow she
fury. She had six children. Prince Charles, the oldest, was in the
afterward earnestly fulfilled.
western part of England, in camp, acting nominally as the
commander of an army, and fighting for his father's throne. He The child, it will be recollected, was left, when Henrietta
was now fourteen years of age. Next to him was Mary, the wife escaped from Exeter, in the care of the Countess of Morton, a
of the Prince of Orange, who was safe in Holland. She was one young and beautiful, and also a very intelligent and energetic
year younger than Charles. James, the third child, whose title lady. The child had a visit from its father soon after its mother
was now Duke of York, was about ten. He had been left in left it. King Charles, as soon as he heard that Essex was
Oxford when that city was surrendered, and had been taken advancing to besiege Exeter, where he knew that the queen had
captive there by the Republican army. The general in command sought refuge, and was, of course, exposed to fall into his power,
sent him to London a prisoner. It was hard for such a child to be hastened with an army to her rescue. He arrived in time to
a captive, but then there was one solace in his lot. By being sent prevent Essex from getting possession of the place. He, in fact,
to London he rejoined his little sister Elizabeth and his brother drove the besieger away from the town, and entered it himself in
Henry, who had remained there all the time. Henry was three triumph. The queen was gone, but he found the child.
years old and Elizabeth was six. These children, being too The king gazed upon the little stranger with a mixture of
young, as was supposed, to attempt an escape, were not very joy and sorrow. He caused it to be baptized, and named it
closely confined. They were entrusted to the charge of some of Henrietta Anne. The name Henrietta was from the mother; Anne
the nobility, and lived in one of the London palaces. James was a was the name of Henrietta's sister-in-law in Paris, who had been
very thoughtful and considerate boy, and had been enough with very kind to her in all her troubles. The king made ample
his father in his campaigns to understand something of the arrangements for supplying Lady Morton with money out of the
terrible dangers with which the family were surrounded. The revenues of the town of Exeter, and, thinking that the child
would be as safe in Exeter as any where, left her there, and went Little Henrietta was to be a boy, and as people on the
away to resume again his desperate conflicts with his political way might ask the child its name, Lady Morton was obliged to
foes. select one for her which would fit, in some degree, her usual
reply to such a question. She chose the name Pierre, which
Lady Morton remained for some time at Exeter, but the
sounds, at least, as much like prah as princess does. The poor
king's cause every where declined. His armies were conquered,
child, though not old enough to speak distinctly, was still old
his towns were taken, and he was compelled at last to give
enough to talk a great deal. She was very indignant at the vile
himself up a prisoner. Exeter, as well as all the other strongholds
dress which she was compelled to wear, and at being called a
in the kingdom, fell into the hands of the parliamentary armies.
beggar boy. She persisted in telling every body whom she met
They sent Lady Morton and the little Henrietta to London, and
that she was not a boy, nor a beggar, nor Pierre, but the princess,
soon afterward provided them with a home in the mansion at
saying it all, however, very fortunately, in such an unintelligible
Oatlands, where the queen herself and her other children had
way, that it only alarmed Lady Morton, without, however,
lived before. It was a quiet and safe retreat, but Lady Morton
attracting the attention of those who heard it, or giving them any
was very little satisfied with the plan of remaining there. She
information.
wished very much to get the babe back to its mother again in
Paris. She heard, at length, of rumors that a plan was forming by
the Parliament to take the child out of her charge, and she then
resolved to attempt an escape at all hazards.
Henrietta Anne was now two years old, and was
beginning to talk a little. When asked what was her name, they
had taught her to attempt to reply princess, though she did not
succeed in uttering more than the first letters of the word, her
answer being, in fact, prah. Lady Morton conceived the idea of
making her escape across the country in the disguise of a beggar
woman, changing, at the same time, the princess into a boy. She
was herself very tall, and graceful, and beautiful, and it was hard
for her to make herself look old and ugly. She, however, made a
hump for her back out of a bundle of linen, and stooped in her
gait to counterfeit age. She dressed herself in soiled and ragged ESCAPE OF THE PRINCESS HENRIETTA.
clothes, disfigured her face by reversing the contrivances with
which ladies in very fashionable life are said sometimes to Contrary to every reasonable expectation, Lady Morton
produce artificial youth and beauty, and with the child in a succeeded in her wild and romantic attempt. She reached Dover
bundle on her back, and a staff in her hand, she watched for a in safety. She made arrangements for crossing in the packet boat,
favorable opportunity to escape stealthily from the palace, in the which then, as now, plied from Dover to Calais. She landed at
forlorn hope of walking in that way undetected to Dover, a length safely on the French coast, where she threw off her
march of fifty miles, through a country filled with enemies. disguise, resumed her natural grace and beauty, made known her
true name and character, and traveled in ease and safety to Paris.
The excitement and the intoxicating joy which Henrietta
experienced when she got her darling child once more in her Prince Charles did not, however, remain long in Jersey.
arms, can be imagined, perhaps, even by the most sedate His destination was Paris. He passed, therefore, across to the
American mother; but the wild and frantic violence of her main land, and traveled to the capital. He was received with
expressions of it, none but those who are conversant with the great honors at his mother's new home, in the palace of the
French character and French manners can know. Louvre, as a royal prince, and heir apparent to the British crown.
He was now sixteen. The adventures which he met with on his
It was not very far from the time of little Henrietta's
arrival will be the subject of the next chapter.
escape from her father's enemies in London, though, in fact,
before it, that Prince Charles made his escape from the island James, the Duke of York, remained still in London. He
too. His father, finding that his cause was becoming desperate, continued there for two years, during which time his father's
gave orders to those who had charge of his son to retreat to the affairs went totally to ruin. The unfortunate king, after his armies
southwestern coast of the island, and if the Republican armies were all defeated, and his cause was finally given up by his
should press hard upon him there, he was to make his escape, if friends, and he had surrendered himself a prisoner to his
necessary, by sea. enemies, was taken from castle to castle, every where strongly
guarded and very closely confined. At length, worn down with
The southwestern part of England is a long, mountainous
privations and sufferings, and despairing of all hope of relief, he
promontory, constituting the county of Cornwall. It is a wild and
was taken to London to be tried for his life. James, in the mean
secluded region, and the range which forms it seems to extend
time, with his brother, the little Duke of Gloucester, and his
for twenty or thirty miles under the sea, where it rises again to
sister Elizabeth, were kept in St. James's Palace, as has already
the surface, forming a little group of islands, more wild and
been stated, under the care of an officer to whom they had been
rugged even than the land. These are the Scilly Isles. They lie
given in charge.
secluded and solitary, and are known chiefly to mankind through
the ships that seek shelter among them in storms. Prince Charles The queen was particularly anxious to have James make
retreated from post to post through Cornwall, the danger his escape. He was older than the others, and in case of the death
becoming more and more imminent every day, till at last it of Charles, would be, of course, the next heir to the crown. He
became necessary to fly from the country altogether. He did, in fact, live till after the close of his brother's reign, and
embarked on board a vessel, and went first to the Scilly Isles. succeeded him, under the title of James the Second. His being
thus in the direct line of succession made his father and mother
From Scilly he sailed eastward toward the coast of
very desirous of effecting his rescue, while the Parliament were
France. He landed first at the island of Jersey, which, though it is
strongly desirous, for the same reason, of keeping him safely.
very near the French coast, and is inhabited by a French
His governor received, therefore, a special charge to take the
population, is under the English government. Here the prince
most effectual precautions to prevent his escape, and, for this
met with a very cordial reception, as the authorities were
purpose, not to allow of his having any communication whatever
strongly attached to his father's cause. Jersey is a beautiful
island, far enough south to enjoy a genial climate, where flowers with his parents or his absent friends. The governor took all
necessary measures to prevent such intercourse, and, as an
bloom and fruits ripen in the warm sunbeams, which are here no
additional precaution, made James promise that he would not
longer intercepted by the driving mists and rains which sweep
receive any letter from any person unless it came through him.
almost perceptibly along the hill-sides and fields of England.

James's mother, however, not knowing these his own accord. He thought that by this plan he should get the
circumstances, wrote a letter to him, and sent it by a trusty children and the attendants accustomed to his being for a long
messenger, directing him to watch for some opportunity to time out of sight, so that, when at length he should finally
deliver it unobserved. Now there is a certain game of ball, called disappear, their attention would not be seriously attracted to the
tennis, which was formerly a favorite amusement in England and circumstance until he should have had time to get well set out
on the Continent of Europe, and which, in fact, continues to be upon his journey.
played there still. It requires an oblong enclosure, surrounded by He had, like his mother, a little dog, but, unlike her, he
high walls, against which the balls rebound. Such an enclosure is was not so strongly attached to it as to be willing to endanger his
called a tennis court. It was customary to build such tennis life to avoid a separation. When the time arrived, therefore, to
courts in most of the royal palaces. There was one at St. James's set out on his secret journey, he locked the dog up in his room,
Palace, where the young James, it seems, used sometimes to to prevent its following him, and thus increasing the probability
play. Strangers had the opportunity of seeing the young prince in of his being recognized and brought back. He then engaged his
his coming and going to and from this place of amusement, and brother and sister and his other playmates in the palace in a
the queen's messenger determined to offer him the letter there. game of hide and go seek. He went off ostensibly to hide, but,
He accordingly tendered it to him stealthily, as he was passing, instead of doing so, he stole out of the palace gates in company
saying, "Take this; it is from your mother." James drew back, with a friend named Banfield, and a footman. It was in the rear
replying, "I can not take it. I have promised that I will not." The of the palace that he made his exit, at a sort of postern gate,
messenger reported to the queen that he offered the letter to which opened upon an extensive park. After crossing the park,
James, and that he refused to receive it. His mother was very the party hurried on through London, and then directed their
much displeased, and wondered what such a strange refusal
course down the River Thames toward Gravesend, a port near
could mean. the mouth of the river, where they intended to embark for
Although James thus failed to receive his Holland. They had taken the precaution to disguise themselves.
communication, he was allowed at length, once or twice, to have James wore a wig, which, changing the color and appearance of
an interview with his father, and in these interviews the king his hair, seemed to give a totally new expression to his face. He
recommended to him to make his escape, if he could, and to join substituted other clothes, too, for those which he was usually
his mother in France. James determined to obey this injunction, accustomed to wear. The whole party succeeded thus in
and immediately set to work to plan his escape. He was fifteen traversing the country without detection. They reached
years of age, and, of course, old enough to exercise some little Gravesend, embarked on board a vessel there, and sailed to
invention. Holland, where James joined the Prince of Orange and his sister,
and sent word to his mother that he had arrived there in safety.
He was accustomed, as we have already stated, to join
the younger children in games of hide and go seek. He began His little brother and sister were left behind. They were
now to search for the most recondite hiding places, where he too young to fly themselves, and too old to be conveyed away,
could not be found, and when he had concealed himself in such a as little Henrietta had been, in the arms of another. They had,
place, he would remain there for a very long time, until his however, the mournful satisfaction of seeing their father just
playmates had given up the search in despair. Then, at length, before his execution, and of bidding him a last farewell. The
after having been missing for half an hour, he would reappear of king, when he was condemned to die, begged to be allowed to

see these children. They were brought to visit him in the "Then taking my brother Gloucester on his knee, he said,
chamber where he was confined. His parting interview with 'Dear boy, now will they cut off thy father's head.' Upon which
them, and the messages of affection and farewell which he sent the child looked very steadfastly upon him. 'Heed, my child,
to their brothers and sisters, and to their mother, constitute one what I say; they will cut off my head, and perhaps make thee a
of the most affecting scenes which the telescope of history king; but, mark what I say! You must not be a king as long as
brings to our view, in that long and distant vista of the past, your brothers Charles and James live; therefore, I charge you, do
which it enables us so fully to explore. The little Gloucester was not be made a king by them.' At which the child, sighing deeply,
too young to understand the sorrows of the hour, but Elizabeth replied, 'I will be torn in pieces first.' And these words, coining
felt them in all their intensity. She was twelve years old. When so unexpectedly from so young a child, rejoiced my father
brought to her father, she burst into tears, and wept long and exceedingly. And his majesty spoke to him of the welfare of his
bitterly. Her little brother, sympathizing in his sister's sorrow, soul, and to keep his religion, commanding him to fear God, and
though not comprehending its cause, wept bitterly too. Elizabeth he would provide for him; all which the young child earnestly
was thoughtful enough to write an account of what took place at promised to do."
this most solemn farewell as soon as it was over. Her account is After the king's death the Parliament kept these children
as follows: in custody for some time, and at last they became somewhat
"What the king said to me on the 29th of January, 1648, perplexed to know what to do with them. It was even proposed,
the last time I had the happiness to see him. when Cromwell's Republican government had become fully
established, to bind them out apprentices, to learn some useful
"He told me that he was glad I was come, for, though he
trade. This plan was, however, not carried into effect. They were
had not time to say much, yet somewhat he wished to say to me,
held as prisoners, and sent at last to Carisbrooke Castle, where
which he could not to another, and he had feared 'the cruelty'
their father had been confined. Little Henry, too young to
was too great to permit his writing. 'But, darling,' he added, 'thou
understand his sorrows, grew in strength and stature, like any
wilt forget what I tell thee.' Then, shedding an abundance of
other boy; but Elizabeth pined and sunk under the burden of her
tears, I told him that I would write down all he said to me. 'He
woes. She mourned incessantly her father's cruel death, her
wished me,' he said, 'not to grieve and torment myself for him,
mother's and her brother's exile, and her own wearisome and
for it was a glorious death he should die, it being for the laws
hopeless captivity. "Little Harry", as she called him, and a Bible,
and religion of the land.' He told me what books to read against
which her father gave her in his last interview with her, were her
popery. He said 'that he had forgiven all his enemies, and he
only companions. She lingered along for two years after her
hoped God would forgive them also;' and he commanded us, and
father's death, until at length the hectic flush, the signal of
all the rest of my brothers and sisters, to forgive them too.
approaching dissolution, appeared upon her cheek, and an
Above all, he bade me tell my mother 'that his thoughts had
unnatural brilliancy brightened in her eyes. They sent her father's
never strayed from her, and that his love for her would be the
physician to see if he could save her. His prescriptions did no
same to the last;' withal, he commanded me (and my brother) to
good. One day the attendants came into her apartment and found
love her and be obedient to her. He desired me 'not to grieve for
her sitting in her chair, with her cheek resting upon the Bible
him, for he should die a martyr, and that he doubted not but God
which she had been reading, and which she had placed for a sort
would restore the throne to his son, and that then we should be
of pillow on the table, to rest her weary head upon when her
all happier than we could possibly have been if he had lived.'
reading was done. She was motionless. They would have
thought her asleep, but her eyes were not closed. She was dead.
The poor child's sorrows and sufferings were ended forever. CHAPTER V
The stern Republicans who now held dominion over
England, men of iron as they were, could not but be touched
with the unhappy fate of this their beautiful and innocent victim;
THE PRINCE'S RECEPTION AT PARIS
and they so far relented from the severity of the policy which
So complicated a story as that of the family of Charles
they had pursued toward the ill-fated family as to send the little
can not be related, in all its parts, in the exact order of time; and
Gloucester, after his sister's death, home to his mother.
having now shown under what circumstances the various
members of the family made their escape from the dangers
which threatened them in England, we return to follow the
adventures of Prince Charles during his residence on the
Continent, and, more particularly in this chapter, to describe his
reception by the royal family of France. He was one of the first
of the children that escaped, having arrived in France in 1646.
His father was not beheaded until two years afterward.
In order that the reader may understand distinctly the
situation in which Charles found himself on his arrival at Paris,
we must first describe the condition of the royal family of France
at this time. They resided sometimes at Fontainebleau, a
splendid palace in the midst of a magnificent park about forty
miles from the city. Henrietta, it will be recollected, was the
sister of a king of France. This king was Louis XIII. He died,
however, not far from the time of Queen Henrietta's arrival in
the country, leaving his little son Louis, then five years old, heir
to the crown. The little Louis of course became king
immediately, in name, as Louis XIV., and in the later periods of
his life he attained to so high a degree of prosperity and power,
that he has been, ever since his day, considered one of the most
renowned of all the French kings. He was, of course, Prince
Charles's cousin. At the period of Prince Charles's arrival,
however, he was a mere child, being then about eight years old.
Of course, he was too young really to exercise any of the powers
of the government. His mother, Anne of Austria, was made
regent, and authorized to govern the country until the young king
should arrive at a suitable age to exercise his hereditary powers
in his own name. Anne of Austria had been always very kind to
Henrietta, and had always rendered her assistance whenever she The young king was, as has already been said, about
had been reduced to any special extremity of distress. It was she eight years old at the time of Prince Charles's arrival. The palace
who had sent the supplies of money and clothing to Henrietta in which he resided when in the city was the Palace Royal,
when she fled, sick and destitute, to Exeter, vainly hoping to find which was then, and has been ever since, one of the most
repose and the means of restoration there. celebrated buildings in the world. It was built at an enormous
expense, during a previous reign, by a powerful minister of state,
Besides King Louis XIII., who had died, Henrietta had
who was, in ecclesiastical rank, a cardinal, and his mansion was
another brother, whose name was Gaston, duke of Orleans. The
named, accordingly, the Palace Cardinal. It had, however, been
Duke of Orleans had a daughter, who was styled the Duchess of
recently taken as a royal residence, and its name changed to
Montpensier, deriving the title from her mother. She was, of
Palace Royal. Here the queen regent had her grand apartments of
course, also a cousin of Prince Charles. Her father, being brother
state, every thing being as rich as the most lavish expenditure
of the late king, and uncle of the present one, was made
could make it. She had one apartment, called an oratory, a sort of
lieutenant general of the kingdom, having thus the second place,
closet for prayer, which was lighted by a large window, the sash
that is, the place next to the queen, in the management of the
of which was made of silver. The interior of the room was
affairs of the realm. Thus the little king commenced his reign by
ornamented with the most costly paintings and furniture, and
having in his court his mother as queen regent, his uncle
was enriched with a profusion of silver and gold. The little king
lieutenant general, and his aunt, an exiled queen from a sister
had his range of apartments too, with a whole household of
realm, his guest. He had also in his household his brother Philip,
officers and attendants as little as himself. These children were
younger than himself, his cousin the young Duchess of
occupied continually with ceremonies, and pageants, and mock
Montpensier, and his cousin the Prince Charles. The family
military parades, in which they figured in miniature arms and
relationship of all these individuals will be made more clear by
badges of authority, and with dresses made to imitate those of
being presented in a tabular form, as follows:
real monarchs and ministers of state. Every thing was regulated
with the utmost regard to etiquette and punctilio, and without
any limits or bounds to the expense. Thus, though the youthful
officers of the little monarch's household exercised no real
power, they displayed all the forms and appearances of royalty
with more than usual pomp and splendor. It was a species of
child's play, it is true, but it was probably the most grand and
magnificent child's play that the world has ever witnessed. It was
into this extraordinary scene that Prince Charles found himself
ushered on his arrival in France.
ROYAL FAMILY OF FRANCE IN THE TIME OF LOUIS XIV.
At the time of the prince's arrival the court happened to
In the above table, the first column contains the name of be residing, not at Paris, but at Fontainebleau. Fontainebleau, as
Henry IV., the second those of three of his children, with the has already been stated, is about forty miles from Paris, to the
persons whom they respectively married, and the third the four southward. There is a very splendid palace and castle there, built
grandchildren, who, as cousins, now found themselves originally in very ancient times. There is a town near, both the
domesticated together in the royal palaces of France. castle and the town being in the midst of a vast park and forest,
one of the most extended and magnificent royal domains in was about nineteen. It is true that Charles was now, in some
Europe. This forest has been reserved as a hunting ground for sense, a fugitive and an exile, destitute of property, and without
the French kings from a very early age. It covers an area of forty a home. Still he was a prince. He was the heir apparent of the
thousand acres, being thus many miles in extent. The royal kingdoms of England and Scotland. He was young and
family were at this palace at the time of Prince Charles's arrival, accomplished. These high qualifications, somewhat exaggerated,
celebrating the festivities of a marriage. The prince accordingly, perhaps, by maternal partiality, seemed quite sufficient to
as we shall presently see, went there to join them. Henrietta to induce the proud duchess to become the prince's
bride.
There were two persons who were anticipating the
prince's arrival in France with special interest, his mother, and All this, it must be remembered, took place before the
his young cousin, the Duchess of Montpensier. Her Christian execution of King Charles the First, and when, of course, the
name was Anne Marie Louisa. She was a gay, frivolous, and fortunes of the family were not so desperate as they afterward
coquettish girl, of about nineteen, immensely rich, being the became. Queen Henrietta had a great many conversations with
heiress of the vast estates of her mother, who was not living. Her Anne Maria before the prince arrived, in which she praised very
father, though he was the lieutenant general of the realm, and the highly his person and his accomplishments. She narrated to the
former king's brother, was not rich. His wife, when she died, had duchess the various extraordinary adventures and the narrow
bequeathed all her vast estates to her daughter. Anne Maria was escapes which the prince had met with in the course of his
naturally haughty and vain, and, as her father was accustomed to wanderings in England; she told her how dutiful and kind he had
come occasionally to her to get supplies of money, she was been to her as a son, and how efficient and courageous in his
made vainer and more self-conceited still by his dependence father's cause as a soldier. She described his appearance and his
upon her. Several matches had been proposed to her, and among manners, and foretold how he would act, what tastes and
them the Emperor of Germany had been named. He was a preferences he would form, and how he would be regarded in the
widower. His first wife, who had been Anne Maria's aunt, had French court. The young duchess listened to all this with an
just died. As the emperor was a potentate of great importance, appearance of indifference and unconcern, which was partly real
the young belle thought she should prefer him to any of the and partly only assumed. She could not help feeling some
others who had been proposed, and she made no secret of this curiosity to see her cousin, but her head was too full of the
her choice. It is true that he had made no proposal to her, but she grander destination of being the wife of the emperor to think
presumed that he would do so after a suitable time had elapsed much of the pretensions of this wandering and homeless exile.
from the death of his first wife, and Anne Maria was contented Prince Charles, on his arrival, went first to Paris, where
to wait, considering the lofty elevation to which she would attain
he found his mother. There was an invitation for them here to
on becoming his bride. proceed to Fontainebleau, where, as has already been stated, the
But Queen Henrietta Maria had another plan. She was young king and his court were now residing. They went there
very desirous to obtain Anne Maria for the wife of her son accordingly, and were received with every mark of attention and
Charles. There were many reasons for this. The young lady was honor. The queen regent took the young king into the carriage of
a princess of the royal family of France; she possessed, too, an state, and rode some miles along the avenue, through the forest,
immense fortune, and was young and beautiful withal, though to meet the prince and his mother when they were coming. They
not quite so young as Charles himself. He was sixteen, and she were attended with the usual cortège of carriages and horsemen,

and they moved with all the etiquette and ceremony proper to be "He was only sixteen or seventeen years of age, rather
observed in the reception of royal visitors. tall, with a fine head, black hair, a dark complexion, and a
tolerably agreeable countenance. But he neither spoke nor
When the carriages met in the forest, they stopped, and
understood French, which was very inconvenient. Nevertheless,
the distinguished personages contained in them alighted. Queen
every thing was done to amuse him, and, during the three days
Henrietta introduced her son to the queen regent and to Louis,
that he remained at Fontainebleau, there were hunts and every
the French king, and also to other personages of distinction who
other sport which could be commanded in that season. He paid
were in their train. Among them was Anne Maria. The queen
his respects to all the princesses, and I discovered immediately
regent took Henrietta and the prince into the carriage with her
that the Queen of England wished to persuade me that he had
and the young king, and they proceeded thus together back to the
fallen in love with me. She told me that he talked of me
palace. Prince Charles was somewhat embarrassed in making all
incessantly; that, were she not to prevent it, he would be in my
these new acquaintances, in circumstances, too, of so much
apartment at all hours; that he found me quite to his taste, and
ceremony and parade, and the more so, as his knowledge of the
that he was in despair on account of the death of the empress, for
French language was imperfect. He could understand it when
he was afraid that they would seek to marry me to the emperor. I
spoken, but could not speak it well himself, and he appeared,
listened to all she said as became me, but it did not have as much
accordingly, somewhat awkward and confused. He seemed
effect upon me as probably she wished."
particularly at a loss in his intercourse with Anne Maria. She
was a little older than himself, and, being perfectly at home, both After spending a few days at Fontainebleau, the whole
in the ceremonies of the occasion and in the language of the party returned to Paris, and Queen Henrietta and the prince took
company, she felt entirely at her ease herself; and yet, from her up their abode again in the Palace Royal, or, as it is now more
natural temperament and character, she assumed such an air and commonly called, the Palais Royal. Charles was much impressed
bearing as would tend to prevent the prince from being so. In a with the pomp and splendor of the French court, so different
word, it happened then as it has often happened since on similar from the rough mode of life to which he had been accustomed in
occasions, that the beau was afraid of the belle. his campaigns and wanderings in England. The etiquette and
formality, however, were extreme, every thing, even the
The party returned to the palace. On alighting, the little
minutest motions, being regulated by nice rules, which made
king gave his hand to his aunt, the Queen of England, while
social intercourse and enjoyment one perpetual ceremony. But,
Prince Charles gave his to the queen regent, and thus the two
notwithstanding all this pomp and splendor, and the multitude of
matrons were gallanted into the hall. The prince had a seat
officers and attendants who were constantly on service, there
assigned him on the following day in the queen regent's drawing
seems to have been, in the results obtained, a strange mixture of
room, and was thus regularly instated as an inmate of the royal
grand parade with discomfort and disorder. At one time at
household. He remained here several days, and at length the
Fontainebleau, at a great entertainment, where all the princes and
whole party returned to Paris.
potentates that had been drawn there by the wedding were
Anne Maria, in after years, wrote reminiscences of her assembled, the cooks quarreled in the kitchen, and one of the
early life, which were published after her death. In this journal courses of the supper failed entirely in consequence of their
she gives an account of her introduction to the young prince, and dissensions; and at another time, as a large party of visitors were
of her first acquaintance with him. It is expressed as follows: passing out through a suite of rooms in great state, to descend a
grand staircase, where some illustrious foreigners, who were
present, were to take their leave, they found the apartments without doubt, in pursuance of her policy of taking every
through which they were to pass all dark. The servants had occasion to bring the young people together.
neglected or forgotten to light them.
"She came," says Anne Maria, in her narrative, "to dress
These and similar incidents show that there may be regal me and arrange my hair herself. She came for this purpose to my
luxury and state without order or comfort, as there may be regal apartments, and took the utmost pains to set me off to the best
wealth and power without any substantial happiness. advantage, and the Prince of Wales held the flambeau near me to
Notwithstanding this, however, Prince Charles soon became light my toilet the whole time. I wore black, white, and
strongly interested in the modes of life to which he was carnation; and my jewelry was fastened by ribbons of the same
introduced at Paris and at Fontainebleau. There were balls, colors. I wore a plume of the same kind; all these had been
parties, festivities, and excursions of pleasure without number, selected and ordered by my aunt Henrietta. The queen regent,
his interest in these all being heightened by the presence of Anne who knew that I was in my aunt Henrietta's hands, sent for me to
Maria, whom he soon began to regard with a strong degree of come and see her when I was all ready, before going to the ball.
that peculiar kind of interest which princesses and heiresses I accordingly went, and this gave the prince an opportunity to go
inspire. In Anne Maria's memoirs of her early life, we have a at once to the Hotel de Choisy, and be ready there to receive me
vivid description of many of the scenes in which both she herself when I should arrive. I found him there at the door, ready to
and Charles were such prominent actors. She wrote always with hand me from my coach. I stopped in a chamber to readjust my
great freedom, and in a very graphic manner, so that the tale hair, and the Prince of Wales again held a flambeau for me. This
which she tells of this period of her life forms a very entertaining time, too, he brought his cousin, Prince Rupert, as an interpreter
narrative. between us; for, believe it who will, though he could understand
every word I said to him, he could not reply the least sentence to
Anne Maria gives a very minute account of what took
me in French. When the ball was finished and we retired, the
place between herself and Charles on several occasions in the
prince followed me to the porter's lodge of my hotel, and
course of their acquaintance, and describes particularly various
lingered till I entered, and then went his way.
balls, and parties, and excursions of pleasure on which she was
attended by the young prince. Her vanity was obviously gratified "There was another occasion on which his gallantry to
by the interest which Charles seemed to take in her, but she was me attracted a great deal of attention. It was at a great fête
probably incapable of any feelings of deep and disinterested celebrated at the Palais Royal. There was a play acted, with
love, and Charles made no impression upon her heart. She scenery and music, and then a ball. It took three whole days to
reserved herself for the emperor. arrange my ornaments for this night. The Queen of England
would dress me on this occasion, also, with her own hands. My
For example, they were all one night invited to a grand
robe was all figured with diamonds, with carnation trimmings. I
ball by the Duchess de Choisy. This lady lived in a magnificent
wore the jewels of the crown of France, and, to add to them, the
mansion, called the Hotel de Choisy. Just before the time came
for the party of visitors to go, the Queen of England came over Queen of England lent me some fine ones of her own, which she
had not then sold. The queen praised the fine turn of my shape,
with Charles to the apartments of Anne Maria. The queen came
my air, the beauty of my complexion, and the brightness of my
ostensibly to give the last touches to the adjustment of the young
light hair. I had a conspicuous seat in the middle of the ballroom,
lady's dress, and to the arrangement of her hair, but really,
with the young King of France and the Prince of Wales at my

feet. I did not feel the least embarrassed, for, as I had an idea of
marrying the emperor, I regarded the Prince of Wales only as an CHAPTER VI
object of pity."
Things went on in this way for a time, until at last some
political difficulties occurred at Paris which broke in upon the
NEGOTIATIONS WITH ANNE MARIA
ordinary routine of the royal family, and drove them, for a time,
Our Prince Charles now becomes, by the death of his
out of the city. Before these troubles were over, Henrietta and
father, King Charles the Second, both of England and of
her son were struck down, as by a blow, by the tidings, which
Scotland. That is, he becomes so in theory, according to the
came upon them like a thunderbolt, that their husband and father
principles of the English Constitution, though, in fact, he is a
had been beheaded. This dreadful event put a stop for a time to
fugitive and an exile still. Notwithstanding his exclusion,
every thing like festive pleasures. The queen left her children,
however, from the exercise of what he considered his right to
her palace, and all the gay circle of her friends, and retired to a
reign, he was acknowledged as king by all true Royalists in
convent, to mourn, in solitude and undisturbed, her irreparable
England, and by all the continental powers. They would not aid
loss.
him to recover his throne, but in the courts and royal palaces
which he visited he was regarded as a king, and was treated, in
form at least, with all the consideration and honor which
belonged to royalty.
Queen Henrietta was overwhelmed with grief and despair
when she learned the dreadful tidings of the execution of her
husband. At the time when these tidings came to her, she was
involved, also, in many other sufferings and trials. As was
intimated in the last chapter, serious difficulties had occurred
between the royal family of France and the government and
people of the city of Paris, from which a sort of insurrection had
resulted, and the young king and his mother, together with all the
principal personages of the court, had been compelled to fly
from the city, in the night, to save their lives. They went in a
train of twenty or thirty carriages, by torch light, having kept
their plan a profound secret until the moment of their departure.
The young king was asleep in his bed until the time arrived,
when they took him up and put him into the carriage. Anne
Maria, whose rank and wealth gave her a great deal of influence
and power, took sides, in some degree, with the Parisians in this
contest, so that her aunt, the queen regent, considered her as an
enemy rather than a friend. She, however, took her with them in
their flight; but Anne Maria, being very much out of humor, did
all she could to tease and torment the party all the way. When the plan until she was called from her bed. She said this,
they awoke her and informed her of their proposed escape from therefore, only to tease her aunt by the false pretension that the
Paris, she was, as she says in her memoirs, very much delighted, secret had been confided to her. Her aunt, however, did not
for she knew that the movement was very unwise, and would get believe her, and said, "Then why did you go to bed, if you knew
her aunt, the queen regent, and all their friends, into serious what was going on?" "Oh," replied Anne Maria, "I thought it
difficulties. would be a good plan to get some sleep, as I did not know
whether I should even have a bed to lie upon to-morrow night."
She dressed herself as quick as she could, came down
stairs, and proceeded to enter the queen regent's coach, saying The party of fugitives exhibited a scene of great terror
that she wanted to have one or the other of certain seats— and confusion, as they were assembling and crowding into their
naming the best places—as she had no idea, she said, of being carriages, before they left the court of the Palais Royal. It was
exposed to cold, or riding uncomfortably on such a night. The past midnight, in the month of January, and there was no moon.
queen told her that those seats were for herself and another lady Called up suddenly as they were from their beds, and frightened
of high rank who was with her, to which Anne Maria replied, with imaginary dangers, they all pressed forward, eager to go;
"Oh, very well; I suppose young ladies ought to give up to and so hurried was their departure, that they took with them very
old people." scanty supplies, even for their most ordinary wants. At length
they drove away. They passed rapidly out of the city. They
proceeded to an ancient palace and castle called St. Germain's,
about ten miles northeast of Paris. Anne Maria amused herself
with the fears, and difficulties, and privations which the others
suffered, and she gives an account of the first night they spent in
the place of their retreat, which, as it illustrates her temperament
and character, the reader will like, perhaps, to see.
"I slept in a very handsome room, well painted, well
gilded, and large, with very little fire, and no windows, which is
not very agreeable in the month of January. I slept on mattresses,
which were laid upon the floor, and my sister, who had no bed,
slept with me. I was obliged to sing to get her to sleep, and then
her slumber did not last long, so that she disturbed mine. She
tossed about, felt me near her, woke up, and exclaimed that she
EVASION OF LOUIS XIV. saw the beast, so I was obliged to sing again to put her to sleep,
and in that way I passed the night. Judge whether this was an
In the course of conversation, as they were preparing to
agreeable situation for one who had had little or no sleep the
ride away, the queen asked Anne Maria if she was not surprised
night before, and who had been ill all winter with colds.
at being called up to go on such an expedition. "Oh no," said
However, the fatigue and exposure of this expedition cured me.
she; "my father" (that is, Gaston, the duke of Orleans) "told me
all about it beforehand." This was not true, as she says herself in "In a short time my father gave me his room, but as
her own account of these transactions. She knew nothing about nobody knew I was there, I was awoke in the night by a noise. I
drew back my curtain, and was astonished to find my chamber violence and outrage by the populace in such a manner as to
filled with men in large buff skin collars, and who appeared make her retreat as soon as possible to the protection of the
surprised to see me, and knew me as little as I did them. I had no palace walls. Her pecuniary means, too, were exhausted. She
change of linen, and when I wanted any thing washed, it was sold her jewels, from time to time, as long as they lasted, and
done in the night, while I was in bed. I had no women to arrange then contracted debts which her creditors were continually
my hair and dress me, which is very inconvenient. Still I did not pressing her to pay. Her friends at St. Germain's could not help
lose my gayety, and they were in admiration at my making no her otherwise than by asking her to come to them. This she at
complaint; and it is true that I am a creature that can make the last concluded to do, and she made her escape from Paris, under
most of every thing, and am greatly above trifles." the escort of Anne Maria, who came to the city for the purpose
of conducting her, and who succeeded, though with infinite
To feel any commiseration for this young lady, on
difficulty, in securing a safe passage for Henrietta through the
account of the alarm which she may be supposed to have
crowds of creditors and political foes who threatened to prevent
experienced at seeing all those strange men in her chamber,
her journey. These troubles were all, however, at last settled, and
would be sympathy thrown away, for her nerves were not of a
in the autumn (1649) the whole party returned again to Paris.
sensibility to be affected much by such a circumstance as that. In
fact, as the difficulties between the young king's government and In the mean time the young King Charles was contriving
the Parisians increased, Anne Maria played quite the part of a schemes for getting possession of his realm. It will be
heroine. She went back and forth to Paris in her carriage, recollected that his sister Mary, who married the Prince of
through the mob, when nobody else dared to go. She sometimes Orange, was at this time residing at the Hague, a city in Holland,
headed troops, and escorted ladies and gentlemen when they near the sea. Charles went often there. It was a sort of
were afraid to go alone. Once she relieved a town, and once she rendezvous for those who had been obliged to leave England on
took the command of the cannon of the Bastille, and issued her account of their attachment to his father's fortunes, and who,
orders to fire with it upon the troops, with a composure which now that the father was dead, transferred their loyalty to the son.
would have done honor to any veteran officer of artillery. We They felt a very strong desire that Charles's plans for getting
can not go into all these things here in detail, as they would lead possession of his kingdom should succeed, and they were
us too far away from the subject of this narrative. We only allude willing to do every thing in their power to promote his success.
to them, to give our readers some distinct idea of the It must not be supposed, however, that they were governed in
temperament and character of the rich and blooming beauty this by a disinterested principle of fidelity to Charles himself
whom young King Charles was wishing so ardently to make his personally, or to the justice of his cause. Their own re-
bride. establishment in wealth and power was at stake as well as his,
and they were ready to make common cause with him, knowing
During the time that these difficulties continued in Paris,
that they could save themselves from ruin only by reinstating
Queen Henrietta's situation was extremely unhappy. She was
him.
shut up in the palace of the Louvre, which became now her
prison rather than her home. She was separated from the royal Charles had his privy council and a sort of court at the
family; her son, the king, was generally absent in Holland or in Hague, and he arranged channels of communication, centering
Jersey, and her palace was often surrounded by mobs; whenever there, for collecting intelligence from England and Scotland, and
she ventured out in her carriage, she was threatened with through these he watched in every way for the opening of an

opportunity to assert his rights to the British crown. He went, The queen regent and her father urged Anne Maria now
too, to Jersey, where the authorities and the inhabitants were on to consent to the proposal. They told her that Charles's prospects
his side, and both there and at the Hague he busied himself with were brightening—that they themselves were going to render
plans for raising funds and levying troops, and securing co- him powerful protection—that he had already acquired several
operation from those of the people of England who still allies—that there were whole provinces in England that were in
remained loyal. Ireland was generally in his favor too, and he his favor; and that all Ireland, which was, as it were, a kingdom
seriously meditated an expedition there. His mother was in itself, was on his side. Whether they seriously desired that
unwilling to have him engage in these schemes. She was afraid Anne Maria would consent to Charles's proposals, or only urged,
he would, sooner or later, involve himself in dangers from which for effect, what they knew very well she would persist in
he could not extricate himself, and that he would end by being refusing, it is impossible to ascertain. If this latter were their
plunged into the same pit of destruction that had engulfed his design, it seemed likely to fail, for Anne Maria appeared to
father. yield. She was sorry, she said, that the situation of affairs in
Paris was not such as to allow of the French government giving
Amid all these political schemes, however, Charles did
Charles effectual help in gaining possession of the throne; but
not forget Anne Maria. He was eager to secure her for his bride;
still, notwithstanding that, she was ready to do what ever they
for her fortune, and the power and influence of her connections,
might think best to command.
would aid him very much in recovering his throne. Her hope of
marrying the Emperor of Germany, too, was gone, for that Lord Germain then said that he should proceed directly
potentate had chosen another wife. Charles therefore continued to Holland and escort Charles to France, and he wanted Anne
his attentions to the young lady. She would not give him any Maria to give him a direct and positive reply; for if she would
distinct and decisive answer, but kept the subject in a state of really accept his proposal, he would come at once to court and
perpetual negotiation. She was, in fact, growing more and more claim her as his bride; otherwise he must proceed to Ireland, for
discontented and unhappy in disposition all the time. Her the state of his affairs demanded his presence there. But if she
favorite plan of marrying the emperor had been thwarted, in part, would accept his proposal, he would immediately come to Paris,
by the difficulties which her friends—her father and her aunt and have the marriage ceremony performed, and then he would
especially—had contrived secretly to throw in the way, while remain afterward some days with her, that she might enjoy the
outwardly and ostensibly they appeared to be doing all in their honors and distinctions to which she would become entitled as
power to promote her wishes. They did not wish to have her the queen consort of a mighty realm. He would then, if she liked
married at all, as by this event the management of her vast the plan, take her to Saint Germain's, where his mother, her aunt,
fortune would pass out of their hands. She discovered this, their was then residing, and establish her there while he was
double dealing, when it was too late, and she was overwhelmed recovering his kingdom; or, if she preferred it, she might take up
with vexation and chagrin. her residence in Paris, where she had been accustomed to live.
Things being in this state, Charles sent a special To this the young lady replied that the last mentioned
messenger, at one time, from the Hague, with instructions to plan, that is, that she should continue to live at Paris after being
make a formal proposal to Anne Maria, and to see if he could married to Charles, was one that she could not think of. She
not bring the affair to a close. The name of this messenger was should feel altogether unwilling to remain and enjoy the gayeties
Lord Germain. and festivities of Paris while her husband was at the head of his

armies, exposed to all the dangers and privations of a camp; nor impossible for him to change his religious faith. In fact, if he
should she consider it right to go on incurring the expenses were to do so, he would be compelled to give up, at once, all
which a lady of her rank and position must necessarily bear in hope of ever getting possession of his throne. Anne Maria knew
such a city, while he was perhaps embarrassed and distressed this very well. The plea, however, made an excellent excuse to
with the difficulties of providing funds for his own and his defend herself with from Lord Germain's importunities. She
followers' necessities. She should feel, in fact, bound, if she were adhered to it, therefore, pertinaciously; the negotiation was
to become his wife, to do all in her power to assist him; and it broken off, and Lord Germain went away.
would end, she foresaw, in her having to dispose of all her Young adventurers like Charles, who wish to marry great
property, and expend the avails in aiding him to recover his heiresses, have always to exercise a great deal of patience, and to
kingdom. This, she said, she confessed alarmed her. It was a submit to a great many postponements and delays, even though
great sacrifice for her to make, reared as she had been in they are successful in the end; and sovereign princes are not
opulence and luxury. excepted, any more than other men, from this necessity.
Lord Germain replied that all this was doubtless true, but Dependent as woman is during all the earlier and all the later
then, on the other hand, he would venture to remind her that years of her life, and subjected as she is to the control, and too
there was no other suitable match for her in Europe. He then often, alas! to the caprice and injustice of man, there is a
went on to name the principal personages. The Emperor of period—brief, it is true—when she is herself in power; and such
Germany and the King of Spain were both married. Some other characters as Anne Maria like to exercise their authority, while
monarch was just about to espouse a Spanish princess. Others they feel that they possess it, with a pretty high hand. Charles
whom he named were too young; others, again, too old; and a seems to have felt the necessity of submitting to the
certain prince whom he mentioned had been married, he said, inconvenience of Anne Maria's capricious delays, and, as long as
these ten years, and his wife was in excellent health, so that she only continued to make excuses and objections instead of
every species of hope seemed to be cut off in that quarter. giving him a direct and positive refusal, he was led to persevere.
Accordingly, not long after the conversations which his
This conversation leading to no decisive result, Lord
messenger had held with the lady as already described, he
Germain renewed the subject after a few days, and pressed Anne
determined to come himself to France, and see if he could not
Maria for a final answer. She said, now, that she had a very high
accomplish something by his own personal exertions. He
regard for Queen Henrietta, and, indeed, a very strong affection
accordingly advanced to Péronne, which was not far from the
for her; so strong that she should be willing to waive, for
frontier, and sent forward a courier to announce his approach.
Henrietta's sake, all her objections to the disadvantages of
The royal family concluded to go out in their carriages to meet
Charles's position; but there was one objection which she felt
him. They were at this time at a famous royal resort a few
that she could not surmount, and that was his religion. He was a
leagues from Paris, called Compiegne. Charles was to dine at
Protestant, while she was a Catholic. Charles must remove this
Compiegne, and then to proceed on toward Paris, where he had
difficulty himself, which, if he had any regard for her, he
business to transact connected with his political plans.
certainly would be willing to do, since she would have to make
so many sacrifices for him. Lord Germain, however, Anne Maria gives a minute account of the ride of the
immediately discouraged this idea. He said that the position of royal family to meet Charles on his approach to Compiegne, and
Charles in respect to his kingdom was such as to render it of the interview with him, on her part, which attended it. She

dressed herself in the morning, she says, with great care, and had in such a company as that, and in a language with which, though
her hair curled, which she seldom did except on very special he could talk about dogs and horses in it, he was still very
occasions. When she entered the carriage to go out to meet the imperfectly acquainted, is far too great a jump from premises to
king, the queen regent, observing her appearance, said archly, conclusion to be honestly made. It is very evident that Anne
"How easy it is to tell when young ladies expect to meet their Maria was not disposed to be pleased.
lovers." Anne Maria says that she had a great mind to tell her, in They arrived at Compiegne. As the king was going on
reply, that it was easy, for those who had had a great deal of that evening, dinner was served soon after they arrived. Anne
experience in preparing to meet lovers themselves. She did not, Maria says he ate no ortolans, a very expensive and rare dish of
however, say this, and the forbearance seems to show that there little birds, which had been prepared expressly for this dinner in
was, after all, the latent element of discretion and respect for honor of the royal guest, "but flung himself upon a piece of beef
superiors in her character, though it showed itself so seldom in and a shoulder of mutton, as if there had been nothing else at
action. table. After dinner, when we were in the drawing room, the
They rode out several miles to meet the coming king; and queen amused herself with the other ladies and gentlemen, and
when the two parties met, they all alighted, and saluted each left him with me. He was a quarter of an hour without speaking a
other by the road side, the ladies and gentlemen that word; but I am willing to believe that his silence was the result
accompanied them standing around. Anne Maria noticed that of respect rather than any want of passion, though on this
Charles addressed the king and queen regent first, and then her. occasion, I frankly confess, I could have wished it less plainly
After a short delay they got into their carriages again—King exhibited. After a while, getting tired of his tediousness, I called
Charles entering the carriage with their majesties and Anne another lady to my side, to see if she could not make him talk.
Maria—and they rode together thus back to Compiegne. She succeeded. Presently one of the gentlemen of the party came
to me and said, He kept looking at you all dinner time, and is
Anne Maria, however, does not seem to have been in a
looking at you still. To which I replied, He has plenty of time to
mood to be pleased. She says that Charles began to talk with the
look at me before he will please me, if he does not speak. The
king—Louis XIV.—who was now twelve years old, about the
gentleman rejoined, Oh, he has said tender things enough to you,
dogs and horses, and the hunting customs in the country of the
no doubt, only you don't like to admit it. To which I answered,
Prince of Orange. He talked on these subjects fluently enough in
Come and seat yourself by me the next time he is at my side, and
the French language, but when afterward the queen regent, who
hear for yourself how he talks about it." She says she then went
would naturally be interested in a different class of topics, asked
and addressed the king herself, asking him various questions
him about the affairs of his own kingdom and his plans for
about persons who were in his suite, and that he answered them
recovering it, he excused himself by saying that he did not speak
all with an air of mere common politeness, without any gallantry
French well enough to give her the information. Anne Maria
at all.
says she determined from that moment not to conclude the
marriage, "for I conceived a very poor opinion of him, being a Finally, the hour for the departure of Charles and his
king, and at his age, to have no knowledge of his affairs." Such party arrived, and the carriages came to the door. The French
minds as Anne Maria's are seldom very logical; but such an king, together with his mother and Anne Maria, and the usual
inference as this, that he was ignorant of his own affairs because attendants, accompanied them some miles into the forest on their
he declined explaining plans whose success depended on secrecy way, and then, all alighting, as they had done when they met in

the morning, they took leave of each other with the usual and the young belle sprang immediately into the excitement of a
ceremonies of such occasions. Charles, after bidding King Louis new hope of attaining the great object of her ambition after all.
farewell, advanced with Lord Germain, who was present in his The emperor was fifty years of age, and had four children, but he
suite at that time, to Anne Maria, and she gives the following was the Emperor of Germany, and that made amends for all.
rather petulant account of what passed: "'I believe,' said Charles, Anne Maria immediately began to lay her trains again for
'that my Lord Germain, who speaks French better than I do, has becoming his bride. What her plans were, and how they
explained to you my sentiments and my intention. I am your succeeded, we shall, perhaps, have occasion hereafter to
very obedient servant.' I answered that I was equally his obedient describe.
servant. Germain paid me a great number of compliments, the Though her heart was thus set upon having the emperor
king standing by. After they were over, the king bowed and for her husband, she did not like, in the mean time, quite to give
departed." up her younger and more agreeable beau. Besides, her plans of
Charles, who had been all his life living roughly in marrying the emperor might fail, and Charles might succeed in
camps, felt naturally ill at ease in the brilliant scenes of recovering his kingdom. It was best, therefore, not to bring the
ceremony and splendor which the French court presented; and negotiation with him to too absolute a close. When the time
this embarrassment was greatly increased by the haughty air and arrived, therefore, for Charles to take his departure, she thought
manner, and the ill-concealed raillery of the lady whose she would just ride out to St. Germain's and pay her respects to
favorable regard he was so anxious to secure. His imperfect Queen Henrietta, and bid the young king good-by.
knowledge of the language, and his sense of the gloomy Neither Queen Henrietta nor her son attempted to renew
uncertainty of his own prospects in life, tended strongly to the negotiation of his suite on the occasion of this visit. The
increase his distrust of himself and his timidity. We should have queen told Anne Maria, on the other hand, that she supposed she
wished that he could have experienced somewhat kinder ought to congratulate her on the death of the Empress of
treatment from the object of his regard, were it not that his Germany, for, though the negotiation for her marriage with him
character, and especially his subsequent history, show that he had failed on a former occasion, she had no doubt it would be
was entirely mercenary and selfish himself in seeking her hand. resumed now, and would be successful. Anne Maria replied,
If we can ever, in any instance, pardon the caprice and wanton with an air of indifference, that she did not know or think any
cruelty of a coquette, it is when these qualities are exercised in thing about it. The queen then said that she knew of a young
thwarting the designs of a heartless speculator, who is man, not very far from them, who thought that a king of nineteen
endeavoring to fill his coffers with money by offering in years of age was better for a husband than a man of fifty, a
exchange for it a mere worthless counterfeit of love.
widower with four children, even if he was an emperor.
Charles seems to have been totally discouraged by the "However," said she, "we do not know what turn things may
result of this unfortunate dinner party at Compiegne. He went to take. My son may succeed in recovering his kingdom, and then,
Paris, and from Paris he went to St. Germain's, where he perhaps, if you should be in a situation to do so, you may listen
remained for several months with his mother, revolving in his more favorably to his addresses."
mind his fallen fortunes, and forming almost hopeless schemes Anne Maria was not to return directly back to Paris. She
for seeking to restore them. In the mean time, the wife whom the was going to visit her sisters, who lived at a little distance
Emperor of Germany had married instead of Anne Maria, died, beyond. The Duke of York, that is, Henrietta's son James, then
fourteen or fifteen years old, proposed to accompany her. She
consented. Charles then proposed to go too. Anne Maria CHAPTER VII
objected to this, saying that it was not quite proper. She had no
objection to James's going, as he was a mere youth. Queen
Henrietta removed her objection by offering to join the party THE ROYAL OAK OF BOSCOBEL
herself; so they all went together. Anne Maria says that Charles
treated her with great politeness and attention all the way, and It was in June, 1650, about eighteen months after the
paid her many compliments, but made no attempt to bring up decapitation of his father, that Charles was ready to set out on
again, in any way, the question of his suit. She was very glad he his expedition to attempt the recovery of his rights to the English
did not, she says, for her mind being now occupied with the plan throne. He was but twenty years of age. He took with him no
of marrying the emperor, nothing that he could have said would army, no supplies, no resources. He had a small number of
have done any good. attendants and followers, personally interested themselves in his
success, and animated also, probably, by some degree of
Thus the question was considered as virtually settled, and
disinterested attachment to him. It was, however, on the whole, a
King Charles, soon after, turned his thoughts toward executing
desperate enterprise. Queen Henrietta, in her retirement at the
the plans which he had been long revolving for the recovery of
Louvre, felt very anxious about the result of it. Charles himself,
his kingdom.
too, notwithstanding his own buoyant and sanguine
temperament, and the natural confidence and hope pertaining to
his years, must have felt many forebodings. But his condition on
the Continent was getting every month more and more destitute
and forlorn. He was a mere guest wherever he went, and
destitute of means as he was, he found himself continually
sinking in public consideration. Money as well as rank is very
essentially necessary to make a relative a welcome guest, for any
long time, in aristocratic circles. Charles concluded, therefore,
that, all things considered, it was best for him to make a
desperate effort to recover his kingdoms.
His kingdoms were three, England, Scotland, and
Ireland. Ireland was a conquered kingdom. Scotland, like
England, had descended to him from his ancestors; for his
grandfather, James VI., was king of Scotland, and being on his
mother's side a descendant of an English king, he was, of course,
one of the heirs of the English crown; and on the failure of the
other heirs, he succeeded to that crown, retaining still his own.
Thus both kingdoms descended to Charles.

It was only the English kingdom that had really rebelled occasion, Charles lost his patience entirely, and made his escape
against, and put to death King Charles's father. There had been a into the mountains, in hopes to raise an army there among the
great deal of difficulty in Scotland, it is true, and the republican clans of wild Highlanders, who, accustomed from infancy to the
spirit had spread quite extensively in that country. Still, affairs most implicit obedience to their chieftains, are always very loyal
had not proceeded to such extremities there. The Scotch had, in to their king. The Scotch nobles, however, not wishing to drive
some degree, joined with the English in resisting Charles the him to extremities, sent for him to come back, and both parties
First, but it was not their wish to throw off the royal authority becoming after this somewhat more considerate and
altogether. They abhorred episcopacy in the Church, but were accommodating, they at length came to an agreement, and
well enough contented with monarchy in the state. Accordingly, proceeding together to Scone, a village some miles north of
soon after the death of the father, they had opened negotiations Edinburgh, they crowned Charles King of Scotland in a
with the son, and had manifested their willingness to venerable abbey there, the ancient place of coronation for all the
acknowledge him as their king, on certain conditions which they monarchs of the Scottish line.
undertook to prescribe to him. It is very hard for a king to hold
his scepter on conditions prescribed by his people. Charles tried
every possible means to avoid submitting to this necessity. He
found, however, that the only possible avenue of access to
England was by first getting some sort of possession of
Scotland; and so, signifying his willingness to comply with the
Scotch demands, he set sail from Holland with his court, moved
northward with his little squadron over the waters of the German
Ocean, and at length made port in the Frith of Cromarty, in the
north of Scotland.
The Scotch government, having but little faith in the
royal word of such a youth as Charles, would not allow him to
land until he had formally signed their covenant, by which he
bound himself to the conditions which they had thought it
necessary to impose. He then landed. But he found his situation
very far from such as comported with his ideas of royal authority
LANDING OF CHARLES II.
and state. Charles was a gay, dissipated, reckless young man.
The men whom he had to deal with were stern, sedate, and rigid In the mean time, Cromwell, who was at the head of the
religionists. They were scandalized at the looseness and republican government of England, knowing very well that
irregularity of his character and manners. He was vexed and Charles's plan would be to march into England as soon as he
tormented by what he considered their ascetic bigotry, by the could mature his arrangements for such an enterprise,
restraints which they were disposed to put upon his conduct, and determined to anticipate this design by declaring war himself
the limits with which they insisted on bounding his authority. against Scotland, and marching an army there.
Long negotiations and debates ensued, each party becoming
more and more irritated against the other. At last, on one
Charles felt comparatively little interest in what became follow him. The two armies thus moved down through the very
of Scotland. His aim was England. He knew, or supposed that heart of England, carrying every where, as they went, universal
there was a very large portion of the English people who secretly terror, confusion, and dismay. The whole country was thrown
favored his cause, and he believed that if he could once cross the into extreme excitement. Every body was called upon to take
frontier, even with a small army, these his secret friends would sides, and thousands were perplexed and undecided which side
all rise at once and flock to his standard. Still he attempted for a to take. Families were divided, brothers separated, fathers and
time to resist Cromwell in Scotland, but without success. sons were ready to fight each other in their insane zeal, the latter
Cromwell penetrated to the heart of the country, and actually for the Parliament, the former for the king. The whole country
passed the army of Charles. In these circumstances, Charles was filled with rumors, messengers, parties of soldiers going to
resolved to leave Scotland to its fate, and boldly to cross the and fro, and troops of horsemen, with robberies, plunderings,
English frontier, to see what he could do by raising his standard murders, and other deeds of violence without number, and all the
in his southern kingdom. The army acceded to this plan with other elements of confusion and misery which arouse the whole
acclamations. The king accordingly put his forces in motion, population of a country to terror and distress, and mar the very
crossed the frontier, issued his manifestoes, and sent around face of nature in time of civil war. What dreadful struggles man
couriers and heralds, announcing to the whole population that will make to gain the pleasure of ruling his fellow man!
their king had come, and summoning all his subjects to arm
themselves and hasten to his aid. This was in the summer of
1651, the year after his landing in Scotland.
It certainly was a very bold and almost desperate
measure, and the reader, whether Monarchist or Republican, can
hardly help wishing the young adventurer success. The romantic
enterprise was, however, destined to fail. The people of England
were not yet prepared to return to royalty. Some few of the
ancient noble families and country gentlemen adhered to the
king's cause, but they came in to join his ranks very slowly.
Those who were in favor of the king were called Cavaliers. The
other party were called Roundheads. Queen Henrietta Maria had
given them the name, on account of their manner of wearing
their hair, cut short and close to their heads all around, while the
gay Cavaliers cultivated their locks, which hung in long curls
down upon their shoulders. The Cavaliers, it turned out, were VIEW OF WORCESTER.
few, while the Roundheads filled the land.
Along the frontiers of England and Wales there flows the
It was, however, impossible for Charles to retreat, since beautiful River Severn, which widens majestically at its mouth,
Cromwell was behind him; for Cromwell, as soon as he found and passes by the Bristol Channel to the sea. One of the largest
that his enemy had actually gone into England, paused only long towns upon this river is Worcester. It was in those days strongly
enough to recover from his surprise, and then made all haste to fortified. It stands on the eastern side of the river, with a great
bridge opposite one of the gates leading across the Severn in the detachments which Charles had sent forward to defend these
direction toward Wales. There are other bridges on the stream, points were one after another driven in, while Charles, with his
both above and below, and many towns and villages in the council of war around him, watched from the top of the tower of
vicinity, the whole presenting, at ordinary times, a delightful a church within the city this gradual and irresistible advance of
scene of industry and peace. his determined enemy, with an anxiety which gradually
deepened into dismay.
Worcester is, perhaps, three hundred miles from the
frontiers of Scotland, on the way to London, though somewhat The king, finding his situation now desperate, determined
to the westward of the direct route. Charles's destination was the to make one final attempt to retrieve his fallen fortunes. He
capital. He pushed on, notwithstanding the difficulties and formed his troops in array, and marched out to give the
disappointments which embarrassed his march, until at last, advancing army battle. He put himself at the head of a troop of
when he reached the banks of the Severn, he found he could go Highlanders, and fought in person with the courage and
no further. His troops and his officers were wearied, faint, and recklessness of despair. The officers knew full well that it was a
discouraged. His hopes had not been realized, and while it was question of victory or death; for if they did not conquer, they
obviously dangerous to stop, it seemed still more dangerous to must die, either by wounds on the field of battle, or else, if taken
go on. However, as the authorities of Worcester were disposed prisoners, by being hung as traitors, or beheaded in the Tower.
to take sides with the king, Charles determined to stop there for a All possibility of escape, entrapped and surrounded as they were
little time, at all events, to refresh his army, and consider what to in the very heart of the country, hundreds of miles from the
do. frontiers, seemed utterly hopeless. They fought, therefore, with
reckless and desperate fury, but all was in vain. They were
He was received in the city with all due honors. He was
repulsed and driven in on all sides, and the soldiers fled at
proclaimed king on the following day, with great parade and
length, carrying the officers with them, in tumult and disorder,
loud acclamations. He established a camp in the neighborhood
back through the gates into the city.
of the city. He issued great proclamations, calling upon all the
people of the surrounding country to come and espouse his An army flying in confusion to seek refuge in a city can
cause. He established his court, organized his privy council, and, not shut the gates behind them against their pursuers. In fact, in
in a word, perfected, on a somewhat humble scale it is true, all such a scene of terror and dismay, there is no order, no
the arrangements proper to the condition of a monarch in his obedience, no composure. At the gate where Charles endeavored
capital. He began, perhaps, in fact, to imagine himself really a to get back into the city, he found the way choked up by a heavy
king. If he did so, however, the illusion was soon dispelled. In ammunition cart which had been entangled there, one of the
one short week Cromwell's army came on, filling all the avenues oxen that had been drawing it being killed. The throngs of men
of approach to the city, and exhibiting a force far too great, and horsemen were stopped by this disaster. The king
apparently, either for Charles to meet in battle, or to defend dismounted, abandoned his horse, and made his way through and
himself from in a siege. over the obstruction as he could. When he got into the city, he
found all in confusion there. His men were throwing away their
Charles's forces fought several preliminary battles and
arms, and pressing onward in their flight. He lightened his own
skirmishes in resisting the attempts of Cromwell's columns to get
burdens by laying aside the heaviest of his armor, procured
possession of the bridges and fords by which they were to cross
another horse, and rode up and down among his men, urging and
the river. These contests resulted always in the same way. The
entreating them to form again and face the enemy. He plead the capture and death which awaited them, and they were
justice of his cause, their duty to be faithful to their rightful themselves all strangers to the country. To go on inquiring all
sovereign, and every other argument which was capable of being the way would only expose them to equally certain discovery
expressed in the shouts and vociferations which, in such a scene, and capture. The first thing, however, obviously was to get away
constitute the only kind of communication possible with panic from the crowd. Charles and his attendants, therefore, turned
stricken men; and when he found that all was in vain he said, in aside from the high road—there were with the king fifty or sixty
despair, that he would rather they would shoot him on the spot officers and noblemen, all mounted men—and moved along in
than let him live to witness such an abandonment of his cause by such secluded by-paths as they could find. The king wished to
the only friends and followers that had been left to him. diminish even this number of followers, but he could not get any
of them to leave him. He complained afterward, in the account
The powerful influence which these expostulations
which he gave of these adventures, that, though they would not
would otherwise have had, was lost and overborne in the torrent
fight for him when battle was to be given, he could not get rid of
of confusion and terror which was spreading through all the
them when the time came for flight.
streets of the city. The army of Cromwell forced their passage in,
and fought their way from street to street, wherever they found There was a servant of one of the gentlemen in the
any remaining resistance. Some of the king's troops were company who pretended to know the way, and he accordingly
hemmed up in corners, and cut to pieces. Others, somewhat undertook to guide the party; but as soon as it became dark he
more fortunate, sought protection in towers and bastions, where got confused and lost, and did not know what to do. They
they could make some sort of conditions with their victorious contrived, however, to get another guide. They went ten miles,
enemy before surrendering. Charles himself, finding that all was attracting no particular attention, for at such a time of civil war a
lost, made his escape at last from the city, at six o'clock in the country is full of parties of men, armed and unarmed, going to
evening, at the head of a troop of horse. He could not, however, and fro, who are allowed generally to move without molestation,
endure the thought of giving up the contest, after all. Again and as the inhabitants are only anxious to have as little as possible to
again, as he slowly retreated, he stopped to face about, and to say to them, that they may the sooner be gone. The royal party
urge his men to consent to turn back again and encounter the assumed the air and manner of one of these bands as long as
enemy. Their last halt was upon a bridge half a mile from the daylight lasted, and when that was gone they went more securely
city. Here the king held a consultation with the few remaining and at their ease. After proceeding ten miles, they stopped at an
counselors and officers that were with him, surveying, with obscure inn, where they took some drink and a little bread, and
them, the routed and flying bodies of men, who were now then resumed their journey, consulting with one another as they
throwing away their arms and dispersing in all directions, in a went as to what it was best to do.
state of hopeless disorganization and despair. The king saw About ten or twelve miles further on there was a
plainly that his cause was irretrievably ruined, and they all somewhat wild and sequestered region, in which there were two
agreed that nothing now remained for them but to make their very secluded dwellings, about half a mile from each other. One
escape back to Scotland, if by any possibility that could now be of these residences was named Boscobel. The name had been
done. given to it by a guest of the proprietor, at an entertainment which
But how should they accomplish this end? To follow the the latter had given, from the Italian words bosco bello, which
multitude of defeated soldiers would be to share the certain mean beautiful grove. It was in or near a wood, and away from

all high roads, having been built, probably, like many other of They took the king into an inner room, and immediately
the dwellings reared in those days, as a place of retreat. In the commenced the work of effectually disguising him.
preceding reigns of Charles and Elizabeth, the Catholics, who
They gave him clothes belonging to some of the servants
were called popish recusants, on account of their refusing to of the family, and destroyed his own. The king had about his
take an oath acknowledging the supremacy of the British person a watch and some costly decorations, such as orders of
sovereign over the English Church, had to resort to all possible knighthood set in jewels, which would betray his rank if found
modes of escape from Protestant persecution. They built these in his possession. These the king distributed among his friends,
retreats in retired and secluded places, and constructed all sorts intrusting them to the charge of such as he judged most likely to
of concealed and secure hiding places within them, in the effect their escape. They then cut off his hair short all over, thus
partitions and walls, where men whose lives were in danger making him a Roundhead instead of a Cavalier. They rubbed
might be concealed for many days. Boscobel was such a soot from the fire place over his face, to change the expression
mansion. In fact, one of the king's generals, the Earl of Derby, of his features and complexion. They gave him thus, in all
had been concealed in it but a short time before. The king respects, as nearly as possible, the guise of a squalid peasant and
inquired particularly about it, and was induced himself to seek laborer of the humblest class, accustomed to the privations and
refuge there. to the habits of poverty.
This house belonged to a family of Giffards, one of In the mean time Richard Penderel arrived. Perhaps an
whom was in the suite of King Charles at this time. There was intimation had been given him of the wishes of the king to be
another mansion about half a mile distant. This other place had relieved of his company of followers; at any rate, he urged the
been originally, in the Catholic days, a convent, and the nuns whole retinue, as soon as he came to the house to press forward
who inhabited it dressed in white. They were called, without any delay, as there was a detachment of Cromwell's
accordingly, the white ladies, and the place itself received the forces, he said, at three miles' distance, who might be expected
same name, which it retained after the sisters were gone. Mr. at any moment to come in pursuit of them Giffard brought
Giffard recommended going to the White Ladies' first. He Penderel then into the inner room to which the king had retired.
wanted, in fact, to contrive some way to relieve the king of the "This is the king," said he. "I commit him to your charge. Take
encumbrance of so large a troop before going to Boscobel. care of him."
They went, accordingly, to the White Ladies'. Neither of Richard undertook the trust. He told the king that he must
the houses was occupied at this time by the proprietors, but were immediately leave that place, and he conducted him secretly, all
in charge of housekeepers and servants. Among the tenants upon disguised as he was, out of a postern door, without making
the estate there were several brothers of the name of Penderel. known his design to any of his followers, except the two or three
They were woodmen and farm servants, living at different places who were in immediate attendance upon him. He led him away
in the neighborhood, and having charge, some of them, of the about half a mile into a wood, and, concealing him there, left
houses above described. One of the Penderels was at the White him alone, saying he would go and see what intelligence he
Ladies'. He let the fugitives in, tired, exhausted, and hungry as could obtain, and presently return again. The troop of followers,
they were, with the fatigue of marching nearly all the night. in the mean time, from whom the king had been so desirous to
They sent immediately for Richard Penderel, who lived in a farm get free, when they found that he was gone, mounted their horses
house nearby, and for another brother, who was at Boscobel. and rode away, to escape the danger with which Richard had
threatened them. But, alas for the unhappy fugitives, they did not Charles remained in the wood all the day, exposed to the
get far in their flight; they were overtaken, attacked, conquered, pelting of the storm. There was a road in sight, a sort of by-way
captured, and treated as traitors. Some were shot, one was leading across the country, and the monarch beguiled the weary
beheaded, and others were shut up in prisons, where they pined hours as well as he could by watching this road from under the
in hopeless privation and suffering for many years. There was, trees, to see if any soldiers came along. There was one troop that
however, one of the king's followers who did not go away with appeared, but it passed directly by, marching heavily through the
the rest. It was Lord Wilmot, an influential nobleman, who mud and rain, the men intent, apparently, only on reaching their
concealed himself in the vicinity, and kept near the king in all journey's end. When night came on, Richard Penderel returned,
his subsequent wanderings. approaching cautiously, and, finding all safe, took the king into
the house with him. They brought him to the fire, changed and
But we must return to the king in the wood. It was about
dried his clothes, and gave him supper. The homeless monarch
sunrise when he was left there, the morning after the battle. It
once more enjoyed the luxuries of warmth and shelter.
rained. The king tried in vain to find a shelter under the trees of
the forest. The trees themselves were soon thoroughly saturated, During all the day, while he had been alone in the wood,
and they received the driving rain from the skies only to let the he had been revolving in his mind the strange circumstances of
water fall in heavier drops upon the poor fugitive's defenseless his situation, vainly endeavoring, for many hours, to realize what
head. Richard borrowed a blanket at a cottage near, thinking that seemed at first like a dreadful dream. Could it be really true that
it would afford some protection, and brought it to his charge. he, the monarch of three kingdoms, so recently at the head of a
The king folded it up to make a cushion to sit upon; for, worn victorious army, and surrounded by generals and officers of
out as he was with hard fighting all the day before, and hard state, was now a friendless and solitary fugitive, without even a
riding all the night, he could not stand; so he chose to use his place to hide his head from the cold autumnal storm? It seemed
blanket as a protection from the wet ground beneath him, and to at first a dream; but it soon became a reality, and he began to
take the rain upon his head as it fell. ponder, in every form, the question what he should do. He
looked east, west, north, and south, but could not see, in any
Richard sent a peasant's wife to him presently with some
quarter, any hope of succor, or any reasonable prospect of
food. Charles, who never had any great respect for the female
escape. He, however, arrived at the conclusion, before night
sex, was alarmed to find that a woman had been entrusted with
came on, that it would be, on the whole, the best plan for him to
such a secret.
attempt to escape into Wales.
"My good woman," said he, "can you be faithful to a
He was very near the frontier of that country. There was
distressed Cavalier?"
no difficulty to be apprehended on the road thither, excepting in
"Yes, sir," said she; "I will die rather than betray you." the crossing of the Severn, which, as has already been remarked,
Charles had, in fact, no occasion to fear. Woman is, flows from north to south not far from the line of the frontier. He
indeed, communicative and confiding, and often, in unguarded thought, too, that if he could once succeed in getting into Wales,
hours, reveals indiscreetly what it would have been better to he could find secure retreats among the mountains there until he
have withheld; but in all cases where real and important trusts should be able to make his way to some sea-port on the coast
are committed to her keeping, there is no human fidelity which trading with France, and so find his way back across the
can be more safely relied upon than hers. Channel. He proposed this plan to Richard in the evening, and

asked him to accompany him as his guide. Richard readily side. Here they remained for some time, listening to ascertain
consented, and the arrangements for the journey were made. whether they were pursued. When they found that all was still,
They adjusted the king's dress again to complete his disguise, they crept forth from their hiding places, regained the road, and
and Richard gave him a bill-hook—a sort of woodman's tool—to went on their way.
carry in his hand. It was agreed, also, that his name should be At length they arrived at the town. Richard left the king
Will Jones so far as there should be any necessity for designating concealed in an obscure corner of the street, while he went to the
him by a name in the progress of the journey. house of Mr. Woolf to see if he could obtain admission. All was
They set out at nine o'clock that same night, in the dark and still. He knocked till he had aroused some of the
darkness and rain. They wished to get to Madely, a town near family, and finally brought Mr. Woolf to the door.
the river, before the morning. Richard knew a Mr. Woolf there, a
He told Mr. Woolf that he came to ask shelter for a
friend of the Royalist cause, who he thought would shelter them, gentleman who was wishing to get into Wales, and who could
and aid them in getting across the river. They went on very well not safely travel by day. Mr. Woolf hesitated, and began to ask
for some time, until they came to a stream, a branch of the for further information in respect to the stranger. Richard said
Severn, where there was a bridge, and on the other side a mill. that he was an officer who had made his escape from the battle
The miller happened to be watching that night at his door. At of Worcester, "Then," said Mr. Woolf, "I should hazard my life
such times everybody is on the alert, suspecting mischief or by concealing him, which I should not be willing to do for any
danger in every unusual sight or sound. body, unless it were the king." Richard then told him that it
Hearing the footsteps, he called out, "Who goes there?" was his majesty. On hearing this, Mr. Woolf decided at once to
admit and conceal the travelers, and Richard went back to bring
"Neighbors," replied Richard. The king was silent. He
the king.
had been previously charged by Richard not to speak, except
when it could not possibly be avoided, as he had not the accent When they arrived at the house, they found Mr. Woolf
of the country. making preparations for their reception. They placed the king by
the fire to warm and dry his clothes, and they gave him such
"Stop, then," said the miller, "if you be neighbors." The
food as could be provided on so sudden an emergency. As the
travelers only pressed forward the faster for this challenge.
morning was now approaching, it was necessary to adopt some
"Stop!" repeated the miller, "if you be neighbors, or I will knock
plan of concealment for the day, and Mr. Woolf decided upon
you down;" and he ran out in pursuit of them, armed apparently
concealing his guests in his barn. He said that there were holes
with the means of executing his threat. Richard fled, the king
and hiding places built in his house, but that they had all been
closely following him. They turned into a lane, and ran a long
discovered on some previous search, and, in case of any
distance, the way being in many places so dark that the king, in
suspicion or alarm, the officers would go directly to them all. He
following Richard, was guided only by the sound of his
took the travelers, accordingly, to the barn, and concealed them
footsteps, and the creaking of the leather dress which such
there among the hay. He said that he would himself, during the
peasants were accustomed in those days to wear. They crept
day, make inquiries in respect to the practicability of their going
along, however, as silently, and yet as rapidly as possible, until
on upon their journey, and come and report to them in the
at length Richard turned suddenly aside, leaped over a sort of
evening.
gap in the hedge, and crouched down in the trench on the other

Accordingly, when the evening came, Mr. Woolf go first and try the water. They groped their way down,
returned, relieved them from their confinement, and took them therefore, to the bank, and Charles, leaving his guide upon the
back again to the house. His report, however, in respect to the land, waded in, and soon disappeared from view as he receded
continuance of their journey, was very unfavorable. He thought from the shore. He returned, however, after a short time, in
it would be impossible, he said, for them to cross the Severn. safety, and reported the passage practicable, as the water was
The Republican forces had stationed guards at all the bridges, only three or four feet deep; so, taking Richard by the hand, he
ferries, and fords, and at every other practicable place of led him into the stream. It was a dismal and dangerous
crossing, and no one was allowed to pass without a strict undertaking, wading thus through a deep and rapid current in
examination. The country was greatly excited, too, with the darkness and cold, but they succeeded in passing safely over.
intelligence of the king's escape; rewards were offered for his
apprehension, and heavy penalties denounced upon all who
should harbor or conceal him. Under these circumstances, Mr.
Woolf recommended that Charles should go back to Boscobel,
and conceal himself as securely as possible there, until some
plan could be devised for effecting his escape from the country.
The king had no alternative but to accede to this plan. He
waited at Mr. Woolf's house till midnight, in order that the
movement in the streets of the town might have time entirely to
subside, and then, disappointed and discouraged by the failure of
his hopes, he prepared to set out upon his return. Mr. Woolf
made some changes in his disguise, and bathed his face in a
decoction of walnut leaves, which he had prepared during the
day, to alter his complexion, which was naturally very dark and
peculiar, and thus exposed him to danger of discovery. When all THE KING AT BOSCOBEL.
was ready, the two travelers bade their kind host farewell, and
They reached Boscobel before the morning dawned, and
crept forth again through the silent streets, to return, by the way
Richard, when they arrived, left the king in the wood while he
they came, back to Boscobel.
went toward the house to reconnoiter, and see if all was safe. He
They went on very well till they began to approach the found within an officer of the king's army, a certain Colonel
branch stream where they had met with their adventure with the Carlis, who had fled from Worcester some time after the king
miller. They could not cross this stream by the bridge without had left the field, and, being acquainted with the situation of
going by the mill again, which they were both afraid to do. The Boscobel, had sought refuge there; William Penderel, who had
king proposed that they should go a little way below, and ford remained in charge of Boscobel, having received and secreted
the stream. Richard was afraid to attempt this, as he could not him when he arrived. Richard and William brought Colonel
swim; and as the night was dark, and the current rapid, there Carlis out into the wood to see the king. They found him sitting
would be imminent danger of their getting beyond their depth. upon the ground at the foot of a tree, entirely exhausted. He was
Charles said that he could swim, and that he would, accordingly, worn out with hardship and fatigue. They took him to the house.
They brought him to the fire, and gave him some food. The colonel placed the cushion for the king on the best support
colonel drew off his majesty's heavy peasant shoes and coarse among the limbs that he could find. The bread and cheese, and a
stockings. They were soaked with water and full of gravel. The small bottle of beer, which Richard and William had brought for
colonel bathed his feet, which were sadly swollen and blistered, their day's supplies, they suspended to a branch within their
and, as there were no other shoes in the house which would reach. The colonel then seated himself a little above the king, in
answer for him to wear, Dame Penderel warmed and dried those such a manner that the monarch's head could rest conveniently in
which the colonel had taken off, by filling them with hot ashes his lap, and in as easy a position as it was possible, under such
from the fire, and then put them on again. circumstances, to attain. Richard and William, then, after
surveying the place of retreat all around from below, in order to
The king continued to enjoy such sort of comforts as
be sure that the concealment afforded by the foliage was every
these during the night, but when the morning drew near it
where complete, went away, promising to keep faithful watch
became necessary to look out for some place of concealment.
during the day, and to return in the evening. All things being
The Penderels thought that no place within the house would be
thus arranged in the oak, the colonel bade his majesty to close
safe, for there was danger every hour of the arrival of a band of
his eyes and go to sleep, saying that he would take good care
soldiers, who would not fail to search the mansion most
that he did not fall. The king followed his directions, and slept
effectually in every part. There was the wood near by, which
safely for many hours.
was very secluded and solitary; but still they feared that, in case
of a search, the wood would be explored as effectually as the In the course of the day the king and Carlis saw, by
dwelling. Under these circumstances, Carlis was looking around, means of the openings between the leaves, through which, as
perplexed and uncertain, not knowing what to do, when he through loop holes in a tower, they continually reconnoitered the
perceived some scattered oaks standing by themselves in a field surrounding fields, men passing to and fro, some of whom they
not far from the house, one of which seemed to be so full and imagined to be soldiers searching the wood. They were not,
dense in its foliage as to afford some hope of concealment there. however, themselves molested. They passed the day
The tree, it seems, had been headed down once or twice, and this undisturbed, except by the incessant anxiety and alarm which
pruning had had the effect, usual in such cases, of making the they necessarily suffered, and the fatigue and pain, which must
branches spread and grow very thick and full. The colonel have become almost intolerable before night, from their
thought that though, in making a search for fugitives, men might constrained and comfortless position. Night, however, came at
very naturally explore a thicket or a grove, they would not last, and relieved them from their duress. They descended from
probably think of examining a detached and solitary tree; he the tree and stole back cautiously to the house, the king
proposed, accordingly, that the king and himself should climb up resolving that he could not bear such hardship another day, and
into this spreading oak, and conceal themselves for the day that they must, accordingly, find some other hiding place for him
among its branches. on the morrow. We can scarcely be surprised at this decision. A
wild beast could hardly have endured a second day in such a lair.
The king consented to this plan. They took some
provisions, therefore, as soon as the day began to dawn, and Other plans of concealment for the king were
something to answer the purpose of a cushion, and proceeded to accordingly formed that night, and measures were soon
the tree. By the help of William and Richard the king and the concerted, as we shall see in the next chapter, to effect his escape
colonel climbed up, and established themselves in the top. The from the country. The old tree, however, which had sheltered

him so safely, was not forgotten. In after years, when the
monarch was restored to his throne, and the story of his dangers CHAPTER VIII
and his escape was made known throughout the kingdom,
thousands of visitors came to look upon the faithful tree which
had thus afforded his majesty its unconscious but effectual THE KING'S ESCAPE TO FRANCE
protection. Every one took away a leaf or a sprig for a souvenir,
and when, at last, the proprietor found that there was danger that When the king and Carlis came into the house again, on
the whole tree would be carried away unless he interposed, he the evening after their wearisome day's confinement in the tree,
fenced it in and tilled the ground around it, to defend it from Dame Penderel had some chickens prepared for his majesty's
further mutilation. It has borne the name of the Royal Oak from supper, which he enjoyed as a great and unexpected luxury.
that time to the present day, and has been the theme of narrators They showed him, too, the hiding hole, built in the walls, where
and poets without number, who have celebrated its praises in the Earl of Derby had been concealed, and where they proposed
every conceivable form of composition. There is, however, that he should be lodged for the night. There was room in it to
probably no one of them all who has done more for the wide lay down a small straw pallet for a bed. The king thought it
extension of its fame among all the ranks and gradations of would be very secure, and was confirmed in his determination
society than the unknown author of the humble distich, not to go again to the oak. Before his majesty retired, Carlis
"The royal oak, it was the tree, asked him what he would like to have to eat on the morrow. He
That saved his royal majesty." said that he should like some mutton. Carlis assented, and,
bidding his master good night, he left him to his repose.
There was no mutton in the house, and Richard and
William both agreed that it would be unsafe for either of them to
procure any, since, as they were not accustomed to purchase
such food, their doing so now would awaken suspicion that they
had some unusual guest to provide for. The colonel, accordingly,
undertook himself to obtain the supply.
Getting the necessary directions, therefore, from Richard
and William, he went to the house of a farmer at some little
distance—a tenant, he was, on the Boscobel estate—and groped
his way to the sheep-cote. He selected an animal, such as he
thought suitable for his purpose, and butchered it with his
dagger. He then went back to the house, and sent William
Penderel to bring the plunder home. William dressed a leg of the
mutton, and sent it in the morning into the room which they had
assigned to the king, near his hiding hole. The king was
overjoyed at the prospect of this feast He called for a carving
knife and a frying pan. He cut off some callops from the joint,

and then, after frying the meat with Carlis's assistance, they ate it France. The plan was accordingly formed for Mrs. Lane to go, as
together. she had designed, on this journey, and to take the king along
with her in the guise of her servant. The arrangements were all
The king, becoming now somewhat accustomed to his
made, and the king was to be met in a wood five or six miles
situation, began to grow a little more bold. He walked in a little
from Boscobel, early on Monday morning, by some trusty
gallery which opened from his room. There was a window in
friends, who were afterward to conceal him for a time in their
this gallery which commanded a view of the road. The king kept
houses, until all things should be ready for the journey.
watch carefully at this window as he walked to and fro, that he
might observe the first appearance of any enemy's approach. It The king found, however, when the morning approached,
was observed, too, that he apparently spent some time here in that his feet were in such a condition that he could not walk.
exercises of devotion, imploring, probably, the protection of They accordingly procured a horse belonging to one of the
Heaven, in this his hour of danger and distress. The vows and Penderels, and put him upon it. The brothers all accompanied
promises which he doubtless made were, however, all forgotten, him as he went away. They were armed with concealed
as usual in such cases, when safety and prosperity came again. weapons, intending, if they were attacked by any small party, to
defend the king with their lives. They, however, went on without
There was a little garden, too, near the house, with an
any molestation. It was a dark and rainy night. Nights are seldom
eminence at the further end of it, where there was an arbor, with
otherwise in England in September. The brothers Penderel, six
a stone table, and seats about it. It was retired, and yet, being in
of them in all, guided the king along through the darkness and
an elevated position, it answered, like the window of the gallery
rain, until they were within a mile or two of the appointed place
in the house, the double purpose of a hiding place and a watch
of meeting, where the king dismounted, for the purpose of
tower. It was far more comfortable, and probably much more
walking the rest of way, for greater safety, and three of the
safe, than the wretched nest in the tree of the day before; for,
brothers, taking the horse with them, returned. The rest went on,
were the king discovered in the arbor, there would be some
and, after delivering the king safely into the hands of his friends,
chances of escape from detection still remaining, but to have
who were waiting at the appointed place to receive him, bade his
been found in the tree would have been certain destruction.
majesty farewell, and, expressing their good wishes for the safe
In the mean time, the Penderels had had messengers out accomplishment of his escape, they returned to Boscobel.
during the Saturday and Sunday, communicating with certain
They now altered the king's disguise in some degree, to
known friends of the king in the neighboring towns, and
accommodate the change in his assumed character from that of a
endeavoring to concert some plan for his escape. They were
peasant of the woods to a respectable farmer's son, such as
successful in these consultations, and before Sunday night a plan
would be a suitable traveling attendant for an English dame, and
was formed. It seems there was a certain Colonel Lane, whose
they gave him the new name of William Jackson in the place of
wife had obtained a pass from the authorities of the Republican
Will Jones. Mrs. Lane's sister's husband was to go with them a
army to go to Bristol, on the occasion of the sickness of a
relative, and to take with her a man-servant. Bristol was a part of the way, and there was another gentleman and lady also
of the party, so they were five in all. The horses were brought to
hundred miles to the southward, near the mouth of the Severn. It
the door when all was ready, just in the edge of the evening, the
was thought that if the king should reach this place, he could,
pretended attendant standing respectfully by, with his hat under
perhaps, succeed afterward in making his way to the southern
his arm. He was to ride upon the same horse with Mrs. Lane, the
coast of England, and embarking there, at some sea-port, for
lady being seated on a pillion behind him. The family assembled very feeble health, and he was, accordingly, a good deal
to bid the party farewell, none, either of the travelers or of the confined to his room. The disease which they selected for him
spectators, except Mrs. Lane and her brother-in-law, having any was an intermittent fever, which came on only at intervals. This
idea that the meek looking William Jackson was any other than would account for his being sometimes apparently pretty well,
what he seemed. and allowed him occasionally, when tired of being shut up in his
room, to come down and join the other servants, and hear their
They traveled on day after day, meeting with various
conversation.
adventures, and apparently with narrow escapes. At one time a
shoe was off from the horse's foot, and the king stopped at a There was an old servant of the family, named Pope, a
blacksmith's to have it replaced. While the smith was busy at the butler, to whose care the pretended William Jackson was
work, the king, standing by, asked him what news. "No news," specially confided. On the following morning after his arrival,
said the smith, "that I know of, since the grand news of beating Charles, feeling, notwithstanding his fever, a good appetite after
the rogues, the Scots, at Worcester." The king asked if any of the the fatigues of his journey, went down to get his breakfast, and,
English officers who were with the Scots had been taken since while there, some men came in, friends of the servants, and Pope
the battle. "Some had been captured," the smith replied, "but he brought out a luncheon of bread and ale, and placed it before
could not learn that the rogue Charles Stuart had been taken." them. While they were eating it, they began to talk about the
The king then told him that if that rogue were taken, he deserved battle of Worcester, and one of the men described it so
to be hanged more than all the rest, for bringing the Scots in. accurately, that the king perceived that he must have been there.
"You speak like an honest man," said the smith. Soon after, the On questioning him more particularly, the man said that he was
work was done, and Charles led the horse away. a soldier in the king's army, and he began to describe the person
and appearance of the king. Charles was alarmed, and very soon
At another time, when the party had stopped for the
rose and went away. Pope, who had had, it seems, his suspicions
night, the king, in accordance with his assumed character, went
before, was now confirmed in them. He went to Mrs. Lane, and
to the kitchen. They were roasting some meat with a jack, a
told her that he knew very well that their stranger guest was the
machine used much in those days to keep meat, while roasting,
king. She denied most positively that it was so, but she
in slow rotation before the fire. The jack had run down. They
immediately took measures to communicate the conversation to
asked the pretended William Jackson to wind it up. In trying to
Charles. The result of their consultations, and of their inquiries
do it, he attempted to wind it the wrong way. The cook, in
about the character of Pope for prudence and fidelity, was to
ridiculing his awkwardness, asked him what country he came
admit him to their confidence, and endeavor to secure his aid. He
from, that he did not know how to wind up a jack. The king
was faithful in keeping the secret, and he rendered the king
meekly replied that he was the son of a poor tenant of Colonel
afterward a great deal of very efficient aid.
Lane's, and that they seldom had meat to roast at home, and that,
when they had it, they did not roast it with a jack. There was a certain Colonel Wyndham, whose name has
The party at length arrived safely at their place of become immortalized by his connection with the king's escape,
who lived at a place called Trent, not far from the southern coast
destination, which was at the house of a Mrs. Norton, at a place
of England. After much deliberation and many inquiries, it was
called Leigh, about three miles from Bristol. Here the whole
decided that the king should proceed there while arrangements
party were received, and, in order to seclude the king as much as
should be made for his embarkation. When this plan was
possible from observation, Mrs. Lane pretended that he was in
formed, Mrs. Lane received a pretended letter from home, same distance to the eastward of Exeter, where Charles's mother
saying that her father was taken suddenly and dangerously sick, had some years before sought refuge from her husband's
and urging her immediate return. They set out accordingly, enemies.
William having so far recovered from his fever as to be able to Colonel Wyndham's messenger went to Lyme. He found
travel again! there, pretty soon, the master of a small vessel, which was
During all this time, Lord Wilmot, who has already been accustomed to ply back and forth to one of the ports on the coast
mentioned as a fellow fugitive with Charles from the battle of of France, to carry merchandise. The messenger, after making
Worcester, had followed the party of the king in his progress inquiries, and finding that the captain, if captain he may be
through the country, under various disguises, and by different called, was the right sort of man for such an enterprise, obtained
modes of travel, keeping near his royal master all the way, and an interview with him and introduced conversation by asking
obtaining stolen interviews with him, from time to time, for when he expected to go back to France. The captain replied that
consultation. In this way each rendered the other very essential it would probably be some time before he should be able to
aid. The two friends arrived at last at Colonel Wyndham's make up another cargo. "How should you like to take some
together. Mrs. Lane and her party here took leave of the king, passengers?" said the messenger. "Passengers?" inquired the
and returned northward toward her home. captain. "Yes," rejoined the other; "there are two gentlemen here
who wish to cross the Channel privately, and they are willing to
Colonel Wyndham was a personal acquaintance of the
pay fifty pounds to be landed at any port on the other side. Will
king. He had been an officer under Charles I., in the civil wars
you take them?"
preceding that monarch's captivity and death, and Charles, who,
as Prince of Wales, had made a campaign, as will be recollected, The captain perceived that it was a serious business.
in the west of England before he went to France, had had There was a proclamation out, offering a reward for the
frequent intercourse with Wyndham, and had great confidence in apprehension of the king, or Charles Stuart as they called him,
his fidelity. The colonel had been at last shut up in a castle, and and also for other of the leaders at the battle of Worcester. All
had finally surrendered on such conditions as secured his own persons, too, were strictly prohibited from taking any one across
liberty and safety. He had, consequently, since been allowed to the Channel; and to conceal the king, or to connive in any way at
live quietly at his own estate in Trent, though he was watched his escape, was death. The captain, however, at length agreed to
and suspected by the government as a known friend of the the proposal, influenced as the colonel's messenger supposed,
king's. Charles had, of course, great confidence in him. He was partly by the amount of his pay, and partly by his interest in the
very cordially received into his house, and very securely Royal cause. He agreed to make his little vessel ready without
secreted there. delay.
It would be dangerous for Wyndham himself to do any They did not think it prudent for the king to attempt to
thing openly in respect to finding a vessel to convey the king to embark at Lyme, but there was, a few miles to the eastward of it,
France. He accordingly engaged a trusty friend to go down to the along the shore, a small village named Charmouth, where there
sea-port on the coast which was nearest to his residence, and see was a creek jutting up from the sea, and a little pier, sufficient
what he could do. This sea-port was Lyme, or Lyme-Regis, as it for the landing of so small a vessel as the one they had engaged.
is sometimes called. It was about twenty-five miles from Trent, It was agreed that, on an appointed day, the king and Lord
where Wyndham resided, toward the southwest, and about the Wilmot were to come down to Charmouth, and take up their
lodgings at the inn; that in the night the captain was to sail out of he insisted on being released, she declared that if he did attempt
the port of Lyme, in the most private manner possible, and come to go, she would immediately give warning to the authorities,
to Charmouth; and that the king and Wilmot, who would, in the and have him arrested and confined. So the discomfited captain
mean time, be watching from the inn, when they saw the light of was compelled to give up his design, and break his appointment
the approaching vessel, should come down to the pier and at the Charmouth pier.
embark, and the captain then immediately sail away. In the mean time, the king and Lord Wilmot came down,
The messenger accordingly went back to Colonel as had been agreed upon, to Charmouth, and put up, with many
Wyndham's with intelligence of the plan that he had formed, other travelers, at the inn. There was great excitement all over
while the captain of the vessel went to work as privately as that part of the country, every one talking about the battle of
possible to lay in his stores and make his other preparations for Worcester, the escape of the king, and especially about an
sea. He did this with the utmost precaution and secrecy, and expedition which Cromwell had been organizing, which was
succeeded in deceiving every body but his wife. Wives have the then assembling on the southern coast. Its destination was the
opportunity to perceive indications of the concealed existence of island of Jersey, which had thus far adhered to the Royalist
matters of moment and weight which others do not enjoy, in cause, and which Cromwell was now intending to reduce to
studying the countenances of their husbands. A man can easily, subjection to him. The bustle and movement which all these
through the day, when surrounded by the world, assume an causes combined to create, made the king and Lord Wilmot very
unconcerned and careless air, though oppressed with a very anxious and uneasy. There were assemblies convened in the
considerable mental burden; but when he comes home at night, villages which they passed through, and men were haranguing
he instinctively throws off half his disguise, and conjugal the populace on the victories which had been gained, and on the
watchfulness and solicitude easily penetrate the remainder. At future measures to be pursued. In one place the bells were
least it was so in this case. The captain's dame perceived that her ringing, and bonfires were burning in celebration of the death of
husband was thoughtful and absent-minded. She watched him. the king, it being rumored and believed that he had been shot.
She observed some indications that he was making preparations Our two fugitives, however, arrived safely at the inn, put
for sea. She asked him what it meant. He said he did not know up their horses, and began to watch anxiously for the light of the
how soon he might have a cargo, and he wanted to be all ready approaching vessel. They watched, of course, in vain. Midnight
in season. His wife, however, was not satisfied. She watched came, but no vessel. They waited hour after hour, till at last
him more closely still, and when the appointed night came on morning dawned, and they found that all hope of accomplishing
which he had agreed to sail, finding that it was impossible for their enterprise must be abandoned. They could not remain
him to elude her vigilance, he told her plainly, that he was going
where they were, however, another day, without suspicion; so
across the Channel on private business, but that he should they prepared to move on and seek temporary refuge in some
immediately return. other neighboring town, while they could send one of the
She declared positively that he should not go. She knew, attendants who came with them back to Colonel Wyndham's, to
she said, that the business was something which would end in see if he could ascertain the cause of the failure. One or two days
ruining him and his family, and she was determined that he were spent in inquiries, negotiations, and delays. The result was,
should not risk her safety and his own life in any such desperate that all hope of embarking at Lyme had to be abandoned, and it
and treasonable plans. She locked the door upon him, and when was concluded that the fugitives should proceed on to the

eastward, along the coast, to the care of another Royalist, a original destination. Both the owner of the vessel and the master
certain Colonel Gunter, who might perhaps find means to send who commanded it were Royalists, but they had not been told
them away from some port in that part of the country. At any that it was the king whom they were going to convey. In the
rate, they would, by this plan, escape the excitements and bargain which had been made with them, the passengers had
dangers which seemed to environ them in the neighborhood of been designated simply as two gentlemen of rank who had
Lyme. escaped from the battle of Worcester. When, however, the
master of the vessel saw the king, he immediately recognized
It was fortunate that they went away from Charmouth
him, having seen him before in his campaigns under his father.
when they did; by doing so they narrowly escaped apprehension;
This, however, seemed to make no difference in his readiness to
for that night, while the king's horse was in the stable, a smith
convey the passengers away. He said that he was perfectly
was sent for to set a shoe upon the horse of one of the other
willing to risk his life to save that of his sovereign, and the
travelers. After finishing his work, he began to examine the feet
arrangements for the embarkation proceeded.
of the other horses in the stalls, and when he came to the one
which the king had rode, his attention was particularly attracted The little vessel—its burden was about sixty tons—was
to the condition and appearance of the shoes, and he remarked to brought into a small cove at Brighthelmstone, a few miles to the
those who were with him that that horse had come a long eastward from Shoreham, and run upon the beach, where it was
journey, and that of the four shoes, he would warrant that no two left stranded when the tide went down. The king and Lord
had been made in the same county. This remark was quoted the Wilmot went to it by night, ascended its side by a ladder, went
next day, and the mysterious circumstance, trifling as it was, was down immediately into the cabin, and concealed themselves
sufficient, in the highly excitable state of the public mind, to there. When the rising tide had lifted the vessel, with its precious
awaken attention. People came to see the horse, and to inquire burden, gently from the sand, the master made easy sail, and
for the owner, but they found that both had disappeared. They coasted along the English shore toward the Isle of Wight, which
immediately determined that the stranger must have been the was the direction of the voyage which he had originally intended
king, or at least some distinguished personage in disguise, and to make. He did not wish the people at Shoreham to observe any
they sent in search of the party in every direction; but the alteration of his course, since that might have awakened
travelers had taken such effectual precautions to blind all pursuit suspicion, and possibly invited pursuit; so they went on for a
that their track could not be followed. time to the westward, which was a course that rather increased
than diminished their distance from their place of destination.
In the mean time, the king journeyed secretly on from the
residence of one faithful adherent to another, encountering many It was seven o'clock in the morning when they sailed.
perplexities, and escaping narrowly many dangers, until he came There was a gentle October breeze from the north, which carried
at last to the neighborhood of Shoreham, a town upon the coast them slowly along the shore, and in the afternoon the Isle of
of Sussex. Colonel Gunter had provided a vessel here. It was a Wight came fully into view. There were four men and a boy on
small vessel, bound, with a load of coal, along the coast, to the board the ship, constituting the crew. The master came to the
westward, to a port called Pool, beyond the Isle of Wight. king in the cabin, and proposed to him, as a measure of
Colonel Gunter had arranged it with the master to deviate from additional security, and to prevent the possibility of any
his voyage, by crossing over to the coast of France, and leaving opposition on the part of the sailors to the proposed change in
his passengers there. He was then to return, and proceed to his their course which it would now soon be necessary to make, that

the king and Lord Wilmot should propose the plan of going to It was now five o'clock in the afternoon. The English
France to them, asking their interest with the captain in obtaining coast soon disappeared from the horizon, and the next morning,
his consent, as it had not yet been mentioned to the captain at all; at daylight, they could see the French shore. They approached
for the sailors had of course understood that the voyage was only the land at a little port called Fecamp. The wind, however, failed
the usual coastwise trip to the port of Pool, and that these them before they got quite to the land, and they had to anchor to
strangers were ordinary travelers, going on that voyage. The wait for a turn of the tide to help them in. In this situation, they
master, therefore, thought that there would be less danger of were soon very much alarmed by the appearance of a vessel in
difficulty if the king were first to gain the sailors over himself, the offing, which was coming also toward the shore. They
by promises or rewards, and then all come together to gain the thought it was a Spanish privateer, and its appearance brought a
captain's consent, which could then, at last, with apparent double apprehension. There was danger that the privateer would
reluctance, be accorded. capture them, France and Spain being then at war. There was
danger, also, that the master of their vessel, afraid himself of
This plan was pursued. The two travelers went to the
being captured, might insist on making all haste back again to
sailors upon the forecastle, and told them, with an air of honest
the English coast; for the wind, though contrary so long as they
confidence, that they were not what they seemed. They were
wished to go on into their harbor, was fair for taking them away.
merchants, they said, and were unfortunately a little in debt, and
The king and Lord Wilmot consulted together, and came to the
under the necessity of leaving England for a time. They had
conclusion to go ashore in the little boat. They soon made a
some money due to them in Rouen, in France, and they wanted
bargain with the sailors to row them, and, hastily descending the
very much to be taken across the Channel to Dieppe, or some
vessel's side, they entered the boat, and pushed off over the
port near Rouen. They made known their condition to the
rolling surges of the Channel.
sailors, they said, because they wanted their intercession with the
captain to take them over, and they gave the sailors a good They were two miles from the shore, but they reached it
generous present in money for them to spend in drink; not so in safety. The sailors went back to the vessel. The privateer
generous, however, as to cast suspicion upon their story of being turned out to be a harmless trader coming into port. The English
traders in distress. vessel recrossed the Channel, and went on to its original port of
destination; and Lord Wilmot and the king, relieved now of all
Sailors are easily persuaded by arguments that are
their anxieties and fears, walked in their strange English dress up
enforced by small presents of money. They consented to the
into the village to the inn.
plan, and then the king and Lord Wilmot went to express their
wishes to the captain. He made many objections. It would delay
him on his voyage, and lead to many inconveniences. The
passengers, however, urged their request, the sailors seconding
them. The wind was fair, and they could easily run across the
Channel, and then, after they landed, the captain could pursue
his course to the place of his destination. The captain finally
consented; the helm was altered, the sails were trimmed, and the
little vessel bore away toward its new destination on the coast of
France.

head, established a very firm and efficient government, which
CHAPTER IX the nations of the Continent soon began to find that it would be
incumbent on them to respect. For any foreign court to harbor a
pretender to the British crown, when there was an established
THE RESTORATION government in England based on a dtermination of the people to
abrogate royalty altogether, was to incur very considerable
As the readers of a tale are generally inclined to political danger. Charles soon found that, under these
sympathize with the hero of it, both in his joys and in his circumstances, he was not likely to be long a very welcome
sorrows, whether he is deserving of sympathy or not, they who guest in the French palaces.
follow the adventures of Charles in his wanderings in England
He remained, however, in Paris for a short time,
after the unfortunate battle of Worcester, feel ordinarily quite a
endeavoring to find some way to retrieve his ruined fortunes.
strong sensation of pleasure at finding him at last safely landed
Anne Maria was still there, and he attempted to renew his suit to
on the French shore. Charles himself doubtless experienced at
her. She listened to the entertaining stories which he told of his
first an overwhelming emotion of exultation and joy at having
dangers and escapes in England, and for a time, as Charles
thus saved himself from the desperate dangers of his condition in
thought, encouraged his attentions. In fact, at one time he really
England. On cool reflection, however, he soon perceived that
believed that the affair was all settled, and began to assume that
there was but little cause for rejoicing in his condition and
it was so in speaking with her upon the subject. She, however, at
prospects. There were dangers and sufferings enough still before
length undeceived him, in a conversation which ended with her
him, different, it is true, from those in which he had been
saying that she thought he had better go back to England, and
involved, but still very dark and threatening in character. He had
"either get his head broken, or else have a crown upon it." The
now, in fact, ten years of privation, poverty, and exile before
fact was, that Anne Maria was now full of a new scheme for
him, full of troubles from beginning to end.
being married to Louis XIV. himself, who, though much
The new series of troubles began to come upon him, too, younger than she, had attained now to a marriageable age, and
very soon. When he and his companion went up to the inn, on she had no intention of regarding Charles in any other light than
the morning of their landing, dressed as they were in the guise of as one of the ordinary crowd of her admirers. She finally
Englishmen of humble rank, and having been put ashore, too, extinguished all his hopes by coolly requesting him not to visit
from a vessel which immediately afterward sailed away, they her so frequently.
were taken for English thieves, or fugitives from justice, and
In addition to his other sources of discomfort. Charles
refused admission to the inn. They sent to some gentlemen of the
disagreed with his mother. She was a very decided Catholic, and
neighborhood, to whom they made themselves known, so that
he a Protestant, from policy it is true, and not principle, but he
this difficulty was removed, their urgent wants were supplied,
was none the less rigid and inflexible on that account. He and his
and they were provided with the means of transportation to
mother disagreed in respect to the education of the younger
Paris. Of course, the mother of the fugitive monarch, yet almost
children. They were both restricted in their means, too, and
a boy, was rejoiced to welcome him, but he received no very
subject to a thousand mortifications from this cause, in the proud
cordial welcome from any one else. Now that Charles had finally
and haughty circle in which they moved. Finally, the king
abandoned England, his adherents there gave up his cause, of
course, as totally lost. The Republicans, with Cromwell at their
decided to leave Paris altogether, and try to find a more stormy times. He was deposed, and the old Parliament which
comfortable refuge in Holland. Cromwell had broken up was restored.
His sister and her husband, the Prince of Orange, had There followed, then, a new contest between the
always treated him, as well as all the rest of the family, with Parliament and the army, with an officer named Lambert at the
great kindness and attention; but now, to complete the catalogue head of the latter. The army proved the strongest. Lambert
of his disasters, the Prince of Orange died, the power of the stationed guards in the streets leading to the Parliament House
government passed into other hands, and Mary found herself one day when the members were about to assemble, and turned
deprived of influence and honor, and reduced all at once to a the members all back as they came. When the speaker arrived in
private station. She would have been glad to continue her his carriage, he ordered his soldiers to take hold of the horses'
protection to her brother, but the new government feared the heads and turn them round, and lead them home again. Thus
power of Cromwell. Cromwell sent word to them that England there was no actual outward violence, but the members of
would consider their harboring of the fugitive as tantamount to a Parliament were intimidated, and gave up the attempt to exercise
declaration of war; so they notified Charles that he must leave their power, though they still reserved their claim, and their
their dominions, and find, if he could, some other place of party was busy all over the kingdom in attempting to restore
retreat. He went up the Rhine to the city of Cologne, where it is them to their functions. In the mean time, the army appointed a
said he found a widow woman, who received him as a lodger sort of council, which they invested with supreme authority.
without pay, trusting to his promise to recompense her at some It does not come within the scope and design of this
future time. There is generally little risk in giving credit to volume to give a full account of the state of public affairs during
European monarchs, expelled by the temporary triumph of the interregnum between the death of Charles I. and the
Republicanism from their native realms. They are generally Restoration of the monarchy under Charles II., nor of the points
pretty certain of being sooner or later restored to their thrones. of controversy at issue among the various parties formed. The
At any rate, Charles was restored, and his restoration was reader, however, must not suppose that, during this period, there
effected in a manner wholly unexpected to all mankind. In order was at any time what could, with any propriety, be called a
that the circumstances may be clearly understood, the reader republic. A true republic exists only where the questions of
must recall it to mind that Charles the First had been deposed government are fairly and honorably submitted to the whole
and beheaded by the action of a Parliament, and that this population, with a universal disposition to acquiesce peaceably
Parliament was, of course, at his death the depository of in the decision of the majority, when that is ascertained. There
sovereign power in England. In a short time, however, the army, probably has never been any such state of things as this in any
with Cromwell at its head, became too strong for the Parliament. country of Europe since the Christian era. There certainly was no
Cromwell assumed the supreme power under the name of the such state of things in England in the time of the
Protector. He dissolved Parliament, and expelled the members Commonwealth. There were a great many persons who wished
from their seats. He governed the country as protector for many to have it so, and who called themselves Republicans; but their
years, and when at length he died, his son Richard Cromwell plan, if that were indeed their plan, was never tried. Very likely
attempted to take his place. Richard did not, however, possess it was not practicable to try it. At any rate, it certainly was not
the talent and energy of his father, and he soon found himself tried. The sovereignty taken from the Stuart dynasty in the
totally inadequate to manage the affairs of government in such person of Charles I. was never vested in the people at large. It

was seized forcibly by the various powers already existing in the controlled. But Cromwell, Napoleon, Lamartine, Cavaignac, and
state, as they found themselves, one after another, able to seize all the others, whatever formalities of voting may have attended
it. The Parliament took it from Charles. The army took it from their induction into office, have always really held their power
Parliament. Then Oliver Cromwell took it from the army. He by force of bayonets, not of ballots. There is great danger that it
found himself strong enough to hold it as long as he lived, and will continue so in Europe for a long time to come.
when he died he delivered it to his son Richard. Richard could But to return. It was in 1659 when the army, with
not hold it. The Parliament rose to a sort of supplementary Lambert at its head, expelled the Parliament. All England was
existence, and took it from Richard, and then the army took it now divided into parties, some for the Parliament, some for the
from Parliament again. Finally, General Monk appeared upon army, some for the king. There was a distinguished general in
the stage in Scotland, as we shall presently see, marched down Scotland at this time named Monk. He had been left there by
through England, and, with the help of thousands and thousands Cromwell in command of the military forces in that country. He
who were tired of these endless changes, took it from the army was a man considerably advanced in life, and of great
and restored it once more to the Parliament, on condition of their circumspection, prudence, and steadiness of character. All
placing it back again in the hands of the king. Thus there was no parties wished to gain his influence, but he kept his own counsel,
republic at all, from beginning to end. and declared openly for neither.
Nor is it at all certain that there ought to have been. The He, however, began to get together his forces, and to
difficulties of really, truly, and honestly laying the national make preparations to march into England. People asked him
sovereignty in the hands of the whole population of such a realm what he intended to do, but he would give no definite answer.
as England, and of so organizing the population that its decisions He was six weeks getting ready for his expedition, during which
shall actually control the legislation of the country and the public time many deputations were sent to him from the various parties,
administration of its affairs, are all but insuperable. The English making different propositions to him, each party being eager to
people found the tyranny and oppression of royalty intolerable. obtain his adhesion to their cause. He received all their
They arose and set royalty aside. It devolved, then, on the next deputations, heard what they had to say, made no definite reply
strongest power in the state to assume the authority thus to any of them, but went on quietly with his work. He got the
divested; this was the Parliament, who governed, just as the king various divisions of his army at length together, made
had done, by the exercise of their own superior power, keeping provisional arrangements for the government of Scotland during
the mass of the community just where they were before. It is true his absence, and set out on his march.
that many individuals of very low rank rose to positions of great
power; but they represented only a party, and the power they He entered England in January, 1660, and advanced
wielded was monarchical power usurped, not Republican power toward London. The English army was scattered all over the
fairly conferred upon them. Thus, though in the time of the kingdom; but Monk opened negotiations with the leaders of it,
Commonwealth there were plenty of Republicans, there was and also with the members of Parliament, and, without
never a republic. It has always been so in all European committing himself absolutely to either party, he managed to
revolutions. In America, Legislatures and executive officers of have the Parliament restored. They assembled peaceably in
state are only agents, through whom the great population itself London, and resumed their functions. A part of the English army
quietly executes its will, the two millions of votes in the great was there for their protection. Monk, as he approached London,
elections being the real power by which every thing is sent word to Parliament asking that quarters might be provided
for him and his army there. Parliament, desirous of conciliating reinstating him as sovereign in the ancient rights and
him and securing his co-operation in sustaining their power, prerogatives of the crown.
acceded to this request. The other troops were removed; Monk
The second part of the king's communication, and by far
entered London in triumph, and took possession of all the strong the most important part, was what was called his Declaration, a
holds there, holding them nominally under Parliamentary document in which he announced formally what his intentions
authority. were in case he were restored to the throne. One of these
Monk still kept his ultimate designs profoundly secret. assurances was, that he was ready to forgive and forget the past,
No party very strongly opposed him, for no party knew whether so far as he might himself be supposed to have cause of
to regard him as an enemy or a friend. The Royalists, however, complaint against any of his subjects for the part they had taken
all over the kingdom, took new courage, and a general in the late transactions. He professed his readiness to grant a free
expectation began to pervade the minds of men that the pardon to all, excepting those who should be expressly excluded
monarchy was to be restored. The Parliament rescinded the votes from such pardon by the Parliament itself.
which had been most decisive against the house of Stuart and The Declaration also set forth that, inasmuch as there
monarchical rule. The most prominent Republicans were was prevailing throughout the country a great diversity of
dismissed from office under various pretexts, and men known to religious opinion, the king, if restored to his throne, whatever his
be loyal were appointed in their place. Finally, the Parliament own religious views or those of his government might be, would
itself was dissolved, and writs were issued for the election of a agree that his subjects should be allowed full liberty of
new one, more in accordance with the ancient forms. conscience in all respects, and that nobody should be molested in
When at length this new Parliament assembled, the any way on account of his religious faith or usages of worship.
public mind was in a great fever of excitement, there being a And, finally, the Declaration contained a covenant on the
vague expectation every where that the monarchy was to be part of the king, that whereas there had been great changes of
restored, while yet the Restoration was openly spoken of by no property, arising from fines and confiscations for political
one. The first votes which were taken in the House of Commons offenses during the period of the Revolution, he would not
indicated a very favorable state of feeling toward monarchy; and himself disturb the existing titles to property, but would leave
at length, a few days after the opening of the session, it was them to be settled on such principles and in such a way as
announced that there was a messenger at the door with a Parliament should direct.
communication from the king. The announcement was received
with the wildest acclamations of joy. The messenger was The letter from the king, and especially the Declaration,
immediately ordered to enter. The communication was read, the gave the utmost satisfaction. The latter disarmed those who
vast assembly listening with breathless attention. would otherwise have opposed the return of the king, by quieting
their fears of being disturbed in respect to their liberty or their
It contained, in the first place, a letter, in which the king property. Immediately after these papers were read, they were
stated that, having heard that the people of England had restored ordered to be published, and were sent every where throughout
the Parliament according to the ancient forms, he hoped that now the kingdom, awakening, wherever they went the greatest
the Parliament would go on and complete the good work which demonstrations of joy. The Parliament passed a vote that the
had been begun, and heal the distractions of the kingdom by ancient Constitution of the kingdom, of government by king,

Lords, and Commons, ought to be restored, and they went forth to Holland to carry the money and to invite the king back to his
in a body into the public places of the city to proclaim Charles dominions. As soon as tidings of these events reached the
II. king. Continent, every body hastened to pay their court to his majesty.
From being neglected, destitute, and wretched, he suddenly
found himself elevated to the highest pinnacle of prosperity and
fame. Every body offered him their aid; his court was thronged,
and all were ready to do him honor. The princely mother of one
of the young ladies who had rejected the offer of his hand in the
day of his adversity, sent him an intimation that the offer would
be accepted if he would renew it now.
A fleet crossed the Channel to receive the king and
convey him to London. His brother James, the Duke of York,
was placed in command of it as Lord High Admiral of England.
The fleet sailed for Dover. General Monk went to Dover to
receive the king at his landing. He escorted him to London,
where the monarch, returning from his long exile, arrived on the
twenty-ninth of May, the very day when he became thirty years
of age.
General Monk, whose talent, skill, and consummate
management had been the means of effecting this great change
without violence or bloodshed, was rewarded by being made
Duke of Albermarle. This was a very great reward. In fact, no
American imagination can conceive of the images of glory and
grandeur which are connected in the mind of an Englishman
with the idea of being made a duke. A duke lives in a palace; he
is surrounded by a court; he expends princely revenues; he
reigns, in fact, often, so far as the pomp and pleasure of reigning
are concerned, over quite a little kingdom, and is looked up to by
the millions beneath his grade with a reverence as great, at least,
as that with which the ancients looked up to their gods. He is
deprived of nothing which pertains to power but the mere toil,
CHARLES THE SECOND. and care, and responsibility of ruling, so that he has all the
sweetness and fragrance of sovereignty without its thorns. In a
Parliament voted immediately a grant of fifty thousand word, the seat of an English duke, so far as earthly greatness and
pounds, a sum equal to more than two hundred thousand dollars, glory are concerned, is undoubtedly the finest which ambition,
for the king's immediate use, with large sums besides for the
other members of the family, and sent a committee of noblemen
wealth, and power combined have ever succeeded in carving out
for man. It is infinitely better than a throne. CHAPTER X
Some historians maintain that Monk acted on a secret
understanding with Charles from the commencement; that the
general was to restore the king, and was then to receive a
THE MARRIAGE
dukedom for his reward. Others say that he acted from a simple
During the period of King Charles's days of adversity he
sense of duty in all that he did, and that the lofty elevation to
made many fruitless attempts to obtain a wife. He was rejected
which he was raised was a very natural and suitable testimonial
by all the young ladies to whom he made proposals. Marriages
of the royal gratitude. The reader will embrace the one or the
in that grade of society are almost always mere transactions of
other of the two theories, according to the degree of readiness or
business, being governed altogether by political and prudential
of reluctance with which he believes in the existence of
considerations. In all Charles's proposals he was aiming simply
conscientious principles of patriotism and loyalty among the
at strengthening his own position by means of the wealth or
great men who rule the world.
family influence of the bride, supposing as he did that the honor
of being even nominally a queen would be a sufficient
equivalent to the lady. The ladies themselves, however, to whom
he addressed himself, or their friends, thought that the prospect
of his being really restored to his throne was very remote and
uncertain, and, in the mean time, the empty name of queen was
not worth as much as a rich and powerful heiress, by becoming
his bride, would have to pay for it.
After his restoration, however, all this was changed.
There was no longer any difficulty. He had now only to choose.
In fact, one or two who had refused him when he was a fugitive
and an exile thought differently of the case now that he was a
king, and one of them, as has already been said, gave him
intimations, through her friends, that if he were inclined to
renew his suit, he would be more successful. Charles rejected
these overtures with indignant disdain.
The lady whom he ultimately married was a Portuguese
princess. Her father was King of Portugal, but before his
accession to the throne his title had been the Duke of Braganza.
The name of his daughter was Catharine. She is thus known
generally in history by the name of Catharine of Braganza.
It is said that the plan of this marriage originated with
Queen Henrietta Maria, and that a prominent motive with her in
promoting the measure was her desire to secure for Charles a once were calm. The people who assembled upon the pier to
Catholic wife. Catharine of Braganza was a Catholic. Henrietta witness the embarkation looked over the expanse before them,
Maria was deeply interested, and no doubt conscientiously so, in and saw it lying smooth, every where, as glass, and reflecting the
bringing back her own family and their descendants, and the great English ships which lay at a little distance from the shore
realm of England, if possible, to the ancient faith; and this as if it were a mirror. It was a bright and beautiful October
question of the marriage of her son she justly considered would morning. The air seemed perfectly motionless. The English ships
have a very important bearing on the result. were adorned with countless flags in honor of the occasion, but
they all hung down perfectly lifeless upon the masts and rigging.
Queen Henrietta is said to have laid her arrangements in
Scarcely a ripple rolled upon the beach; and so silent and still
train for opening the negotiation with the Portuguese princess, at
was the morning air, that the voices and echoes came from vast
a visit which she made to England in 1660, very soon after her
distances along the shore, and the dip of the oars of the boats
son's restoration. The Restoration took place in May. The
gliding about in the offing sent its sound for miles around over
queen's visit to her son was in October. Of course, after all the
the smooth surface of the sea; and when the grand salute was
long years of danger, privation, and suffering which this family
fired at the embarkation of the queen, the reverberation of the
had endured, the widowed mother felt an intense emotion of joy
guns was heard distinctly, it was said, at Dover, a distance of
at finding her children once more restored to what she
thirty miles.
considered their just hereditary rights. Charles was on the
English throne. James, the Duke of York, was Lord High Even in such a calm as this, however, uncommon as it is,
Admiral of England, that is, the commander-in-chief of the naval the atmosphere is not perfectly still. When the royal party were
forces of the realm; and her other children, those who were still on board the vessels and the sails were set, the fleet did begin to
living, were in peace and safety. Of course, her heart was full of glide, almost imperceptibly, it is true, away from the shore. In
maternal pride and joy. the course of the day they had receded several miles from the
land, and when the dinner hour arrived they found that the lord
Her son James, the Lord High Admiral, went across the
admiral had provided a most sumptuous banquet on board. Just
Channel to Dover, with a fleet of the finest ships that he could
before the time, however, for setting down to the table, the duke
select from the whole British navy, to escort his mother to
found that it was a Catholic fast day, and that neither his mother
England. The queen was to embark at Calais. The queen came
nor any of her attendants, being, as they were, all Catholics,
down to the port from Paris, attended by many friends, who
could eat any thing but fish; and, unfortunately, as all James's
sympathized with her in the return of her prosperity, and were
men were Protestants, they had not thought of the fast, and they
attracted, besides, by the grand spectacle which they thought
had no fish on board. They, however, contrived to produce a
would be presented by the appearance and maneuvers of the
sturgeon for the queen, and they sat down to the table, the queen
English ships, and the ceremony of the embarkation.
to the dish provided for her, and the others to bread and
The waters of the English Channel are disturbed by vegetables, and such other food as the Catholic ritual allowed,
almost perpetual agitations, which bleak winds and rapid tides, while the duke himself and his brother officers disposed, as well
struggling continually together, combine to raise; and many a as they could, of the more luxurious dainties which they had
traveler, who passes in comfort across the Atlantic, is made intended for their guests.
miserable by the incessant restlessness of this narrow sea. At the
time, however, when Henrietta Maria crossed it, the waters for
With a fair wind, three hours is sufficient for the run From Dover the queen proceeded with her children to
from Calais to Dover. It took the Duke of York two days to get London. Her sons did every thing in their power to honor their
his fleet across in this calm. At length, however, they arrived. mother's visit; they received her with great parade and pomp,
The king was on the pier to receive his mother. Rejoiced as her assigned her a sumptuous residence, and studied every means of
majesty must have been to be welcomed by her son under such amusing her, and of making her visit a source of pleasure. But
circumstances, she must have thought mournfully of her they did not succeed. The queen was very unhappy. Every place
departed husband at the time of her landing, for it was here that that she visited recalled to her mind the memory of her husband,
he had taken leave of her some years before, when the troubles and awakened afresh all her sorrows. She was distressed, too, by
of her family were beginning. Charles conducted his mother to some domestic troubles, which we have not here time to
the castle. All the inhabitants of Dover, and of the country describe. Then the religious differences between herself and her
around, had assembled to witness the arrival, and they welcomed children, and the questions which were arising out of them
the mother back to the land of her husband and her sons with continually, gave her a great deal of pain; she could not but
long and loud acclamations. There was a great banquet at Dover perceive, moreover, that she was regarded with suspicion and
Castle. Here all the members of the royal family were present, dislike by the people of England on account of her Catholic
having been assembled for the occasion. Of course, it was an faith. Then, besides, notwithstanding her English husband and
occasion of great family rejoicing, mingled undoubtedly, on the her English children, she was herself a French woman still in
part of the queen, with many mournful thoughts and bitter character, thought, feeling, and language, and she could not feel
recollections. The fast was past, and there was, consequently, no really at home north of the Channel. After remaining, therefore,
difficulty now about partaking of the food that had been a few months in London, and arranging some family and
provided; but another difficulty arose, having the same origin, business affairs which required her attention, she determined to
viz., the question whether the divine blessing should be implored return. The king accompanied her to Portsmouth, where she set
upon the food by a Catholic priest or an Episcopal chaplain. sail, taking the little princess Henrietta with her, and went back
Neither party could conscientiously acquiesce in the to France. Among the family affairs, however, which she
performance of the service by the other. They settled the arranged, it is said that the marriage of her son, the king, was a
important question, or rather it settled itself at last, in the special object of her attention, and that she secretly laid the train
following manner: When the guests were ready to take their which resulted in his espousing Catharine of Braganza.
places at table, the king, instead of asking his mother's spiritual According to the accounts given in the chronicles of the
guide to officiate, as both Christian and filial courtesy required times, the negotiations were opened in the following manner:
him to have done, called upon his own chaplain. The chaplain One day the Portuguese embassador at London came to a certain
said grace. Immediately afterward, the Catholic priest, thinking high officer of the king's household, and introduced the subject
that fidelity to his own religious faith required him to act of his majesty's marriage, saying, in the course of the
decidedly, repeated the service in the Catholic form, ending with conversation, that he thought the Princess Catharine of Portugal
making the sign of the cross in a very conspicuous manner over would be a very eligible match, and adding moreover, that he
the table. The gentry of Dover, who had been admitted as was authorized to say that, with the lady, very advantageous
spectators of this banquet, were greatly scandalized at this deed. terms could be offered. Charles said he would think of it. This
They regarded the gesture as an act of very wicked and very gave the embassador sufficient encouragement to induce him to
dangerous idolatry. take another step. He obtained an audience of Charles the next
day, and proposed the subject directly for his consideration. The to open the negotiations for the marriage immediately. All this
embassador knew very well that the question would turn, in time Charles had never seen the lady, and perhaps had never
Charles's mind, on the pecuniary and political advantages of the heard of her before. Her own individual qualifications, whether
match; so he stated at once what they would be. He was of mind or of person, seem to have been considered a subject not
authorized to offer, he said, the sum of five hundred thousand worth inquiring about at all.
pounds as the princess's portion, and to surrender to the English Nor ought we to be at all surprised at this. It was not
crown various foreign possessions, which had, till then, Charles's object, in seeking a wife, to find some one whom he
belonged to the Portuguese. One of the principal of these was the was to cherish and love, and who was to promote his happiness
island of Bombay in the East Indies. Another was Tangier, a port by making him the object of her affection in return. His love, so
in Africa. The English did not, at that time, hold any East Indian far as such a soul is capable of love, was to be gratified by other
territories. He likewise offered to convey to the English nation means. He had always some female favorite, chosen from among
the right of trading with the great South American country of the ladies of his court, high in rank, though not high enough to
Brazil, which then pertained to the Portuguese crown. be the wedded wife of the king. These attachments were not
Charles was very much pleased with these proposals. He private in any sense, nor was any attempt made to conceal them,
immediately consulted his principal minister of state, Lord the king being in the habit of bestowing upon the objects of them
Clarendon, the celebrated historian, and soon afterward called a all the public attentions, as well as the private intimacy which
meeting of his privy council and laid the case before them. pertain to wedded life. The king's favorite at the present time
Clarendon asked him if he had given up all thoughts of a was Lady Castlemaine. She was originally a Mrs. Palmer, but
Protestant connection. Charles said that he did not know where the king had made her husband Lord Castlemaine for the
to look for a Protestant wife. It was true, in fact, that nearly all purpose of giving a title to the wife. Some years afterward he
the royal families of Europe were Catholics, and royal made her a duchess. She was a prominent lady in the court,
bridegrooms must always have royal brides. There were, being every where received and honored as the temporary wife
however, Protestant princesses in Germany; this was suggested of the king. He did not intend, in marrying the Princess
to his majesty, but he replied, with an expression of contempt, Catharine, to disturb this state of things at all. She was to be in
that they were all dull and foggy, and he could not possibly have name his wife, but he was to place his affections where he
one of them for a wife. pleased. She was to have her own palace, her own household,
and her own pleasures, and he, on the other hand, was to
The counselors then began to look at the pecuniary and
continue to have his.
political advantages of the proposed bargain. They got out their
maps, and showed Charles where Bombay, and Tangier, and the Notwithstanding this, however, Charles seemed to have
other places offered with the lady as her dowry lay. The had some consideration for the personal appearance of his
statesmen were quite pleased with the prospect of these proposed bride, after all. The Spanish government, as soon as
acquisitions, and Charles was particularly gratified with the Charles's plan of espousing Catharine became known, attempted
money item. It was twice as much, they said, as any English king to prevent the match, as it would greatly increase the strength
had ever before received as the marriage portion of a bride. In a and influence of Portugal by giving to that country so powerful
word, the proposition was unanimously considered as in every an ally. Spain had plenty of money, but no princess in the royal
respect entirely satisfactory, and Charles authorized his ministers family; and the government therefore proposed to Charles, that if

he would be content to take some Protestant lady for a wife, they "MY LADY AND WIFE,
would endow her, and with a portion as great as that which had "Already the embassador has set off for Lisbon; for me
been offered with Catharine. They, moreover, represented to
the signing of the marriage has been great happiness; and there is
Charles that Catharine was out of health, and very plain and about to be dispatched at this time, after him, one of my
repulsive in her personal appearance, and that, besides, it would servants, charged with what would appear necessary, whereby
be a great deal better for him, for obvious political reasons, to may be declared on my part the inexpressible joy of this
marry a Protestant princess. The other party replied that felicitous conclusion, which, when received, will hasten the
Catharine was not ugly by any means, and they showed Charles coming of your majesty."
her portrait, which, after looking at it a few minutes, he said was
not unhandsome. They reminded him, also, that Catharine was "I am going to make a short progress into some of my
only the third in succession from the crown of Portugal, so that provinces. In the mean time, while I am going further from my
the chance of her actually inheriting that realm was not at all to most sovereign good, yet I do not complain as to whither I go;
be disregarded. Charles thought this a very important seeking in vain tranquility in my restlessness, looking to see the
consideration, and, on the whole, decided that the affair should beloved person of your majesty in these realms already your
go on; and commissioners were sent to make a formal proposal own; and that with the same anxiety with which, after my long
of marriage at the Portuguese court. Charles wrote letters to the banishment, I desired to see myself within them, and my
mother of the young lady, and to the young lady herself, subjects desiring also to behold me among them. The presence
expressing the personal interest he felt in obtaining the princess's of your serenity is only wanting to unite us, under the protection
hand. of God, in the health and content I desire.
The negotiations thus commenced went on for many "The very faithful husband of her majesty, whose hand
months, with no other obstruction than the complication and he kisses.
intricacy which attend all matrimonial arrangements where the CHARLES REX."
interests of kingdoms, as well as the personal happiness of the
wedded pair, are involved in the issue. embassadors were sent, The letter was addressed
and contracts and treaties were drawn up, discussed, modified, "To the QUEEN OF GREAT BRITAIN, my wife and lady, whom God
and finally signed. A formal announcement of the proposed preserve."
marriage was made to the English Parliament, and addresses Whoever reads this letter attentively will see in it that
congratulatory were voted and presented in reply. Arrangements infallible criterion of hypocrisy and pretense in professions of
were made for transferring the foreign possessions promised to regard, viz., extravagant ideas feebly and incoherently
the British crown; and, lastly, the money intended for the dower expressed. When the heart dictates what is said, the thoughts are
was collected, tied up in bags, sealed, and deposited safely in the natural, and the language plain; but in composition like the
strong room of the Castle at Lisbon. In fact, every thing went on above, we see a continual striving to say something for effect,
prosperously to the end, and when all was thus finally settled, which the writer invents by his ingenuity as he goes on, without
Charles wrote the following letter to his expected bride. any honest impulses from the heart to guide him. He soars one
"London, 2d of July, 1661. minute and breaks down the next, in absurd alternations of the
sublime and the ridiculous. How honest Charles was in such
professions, and what was the kind of connubial happiness
which he was preparing for his bride, is shown by the fact that address of welcome to the English commander. Lord Sandwich
he was even now spending all his time with Lady Castlemaine; replied, and there was then another thundering salute of cannon.
and, to reconcile her to his marriage with Catharine, he had
All this parade and ceremony was, in this case, as it often
promised her that he would make her one of the ladies of the is, not an expression of real cordiality, good will, and good faith,
queen's bed-chamber as soon as she arrived in London, which but a substitute for them. The English commander, who had
would give him constant opportunities of being in her society. been specially instructed to bring over the money as well as the
We have made very little allusion to Catharine herself, bride, found, to his great astonishment and perplexity, that the
thus far, in the account of these transactions, because she has queen regent had spent a considerable portion of the money
had, thus far, nothing to do with them. Every thing has been which had been put away so safely in the bags, and she wished
arranged for her by her mother, who was an ambitious and to pay now a part of the dowry in merchandise, at such prices as
masculine woman, and at this time the queen regent of Portugal. she thought reasonable, and to have a year's credit for the
Catharine had been kept shut up, all her days, in the most strict remainder. There was thus thrown upon Lord Sandwich the very
seclusion, and in the most rigorous subjection to her mother's heavy responsibility of deciding whether to give up the object of
will. It is said that she had hardly been ten times out of the his expedition, and go back to England without the bride, or to
palace in her life, since her return to it from the convent where take her without the money. After very anxious hesitation and
she had been educated. The innocent and simple-hearted maiden suspense, he decided to proceed with his enterprise, and the
looked forward to her marriage as to a release from a tedious and preparations were made for the princess's embarkation.
intolerable bondage. They had shown her King Charles's picture,
and had given her an account of his perilous adventures and
romantic escapes, and of the courage and energy which he had
sometimes displayed. And that was all she knew. She had her
childlike ideas of love and of conjugal fidelity and happiness,
and believed that she was going to realize them. As she looked
forward, therefore, to the period of her departure for England,
she longed impatiently for the time to come, her heart bounding
at every thought of the happy hour with eager anticipations of
delight.
An English nobleman—the Earl of Sandwich—was sent
with a squadron to bring the bride to England. He was received,
when he entered the Tagus, with great ceremony. A Portuguese
minister went down the river to meet him in a magnificent barge.
The nobleman descended to the lowest step of the ladder which THE BRIDAL PARTY AT LISBON.
led down the side of the ship, to receive the minister. They
When the day arrived, the queen descended the grand
ascended the ladder together, while the ship fired a salute of
staircase of the palace, and at the foot of it took leave of her
twenty or thirty guns. They went into the cabin, and took seats
mother. Neither mother nor daughter shed a tear. The princess
there, with great ceremony. The minister then rose and made an
was conducted through the streets, accompanied by a long
cavalcade and a procession of splendid carriages, through long news produced universal excitement in London. The bells were
lines of soldiers, and under triumphal arches, and over paths rung, bonfires were made in the streets, and houses were
strewed with flowers, while bands of music, and groups of illuminated. Every body seemed full of joy and pleasure except
dancers, at various distances along the way, expressed the the king himself. He seemed to care little about it. He was
general congratulation and joy. When they reached the pier there supping that night with Lady Castlemaine. It was five days
was a splendid brigantine or barge ready to receive the bride and before he set out to meet his bride, and he supped with Lady
her attendants. The Earl of Sandwich, and other English officers Castlemaine the night before he commenced his journey.
of high rank belonging to the squadron, entered the barge too.
The water was covered with boats, and the shipping in the river
was crowded with spectators. The barge moved on to the ship
which was to convey the bridal party, who ascended to the deck
by means of a spacious and beautiful stair constructed upon its
side. Salutes were fired by the English ships, and were echoed
by the Portuguese forts on the shore. The princess's brother and
the ladies who had accompanied her on board, to take leave of
her there, now bade her farewell, and returned by the barge to
the shore, while the ships weighed anchor and prepared to put to
sea.
The wind was, however, contrary, and they were
compelled to remain that night in the river; and as soon as the
darkness came on, the whole shore became resplendent with
illuminations at the windows in the city, and with rockets, and
fire-balls, and fire-works of every kind, rising from boats upon
the water, and from the banks, and heights, and castle
battlements all around upon the land. This gay and splendid
spectacle beguiled the night, but the wind continued unfavorable
all the next day, and confined the squadron still to the river.
Catharine's mother sent out a messenger during the day to
inquire after her daughter's health and welfare. The etiquette of
royalty did not allow of her coming to see her child.
The fleet, which consisted of fourteen men-of-war, put to
sea on the second day. After a long and stormy passage, the
squadron arrived off the Isle of Wight; the Duke of York came
out to meet it there, with five other ships, and they all entered the
harbor of Portsmouth together. As soon as Catharine landed, she CATHARINE OF BRAGANZA.
wrote immediately to Charles to notify him of her arrival. The

Some of Charles's best friends were very much grieved at the Church of England. The bride was attired in the English
his pursuing such a course; others were very indignant; but the style, her dress being of rose color, trimmed with knots of blue
majority of the people around him at court were like himself in ribbon. These knots were, after the ceremony, detached from the
character and manners, and were only led to more open dress, and distributed among the company as wedding favors,
irregularity and vice themselves by this public example of their every lady eagerly pressing forward to get a share. Magnificent
sovereign. In the mean time, the king moved on to Portsmouth, presents were made to the groomsmen and bridesmaids, and the
escorted by a body of his Life Guards. He found that his company dispersed. The queen, still indisposed, went back to her
intended bride was confined to her bed with a sort of slow fever. bed and her supper was served to her there, the king and other
It was the result, they said, of the roughness and discomforts of members of the household partaking it with her, seated at the
the voyage, though we may certainly imagine another cause. bedside.
Charles went immediately to the house where she was residing, A day or two afterward the royal party proceeded to
and was admitted to visit her in her chamber, the many London, in a long train composed of Life Guards, carriages,
attendants who were present at the interview watching with great horsemen, baggage wagons, and attendants of every grade. The
interest every word and look on either side by which they might queen's heart was full of anticipations of happiness. The others,
judge of the nature of the first impression made by the bride and who knew what state of things she was to find on her arrival
bridegroom upon each other. Catharine was not considered there, looked forward to scenes of trouble and woe.
beautiful, and it was natural that a degree of curiosity should be
manifested to learn how Charles would regard her.
There are two apparently contradictory accounts of the
impression made upon Charles by this his first sight of his
intended bride. Charles wrote a letter to Lord Clarendon, in
which he expressed himself very well satisfied with her. He
admitted that she was no beauty, but her countenance was
agreeable, he said, and "her conversation," he added, "as far as I
can perceive, is very good; for she has wit enough, and a very
agreeable voice. You would be surprised to see how well we are
acquainted already. In a word, I think myself very happy, and I
am confident that we shall agree very well together. I have not
time to say any more. My lord lieutenant will tell you the rest."
At the same time, while writing this in his official
communication to his minister, he said privately to one of his
companions on leaving the presence of his bride, that, "upon his
word, they had sent him a bat instead of a woman."
The royal couple were married the next day, first very
privately in the Catholic form, and afterward more openly, in a
great hall, and before a large assembly, according to the ritual of

thing, and went to France, in voluntary exile. His wife then came
CHAPTER XI and took up her residence at Richmond, which is not far from
Hampton Court, so as to be near the king. In all these
proceedings the king himself gave her his continued
CHARACTER AND REIGN countenance, encouragement, and aid.
Although Catharine, in the confiding simplicity of her
Some of the traits of character for which King Charles II.
character, had fully believed, in coming to London, that Charles
has been most noted among mankind are well illustrated by his
would be to her a true and faithful husband, still she had heard
management of the affair of Lady Castlemaine, when the queen
the name of Lady Castlemaine before she left Lisbon. Her
arrived at her new home in Hampton Court. Hampton Court is a
mother had once briefly alluded to the subject, and gave her a
very spacious and beautiful palace on the banks of the Thames,
warning, charging her to remember the name, and to be on her
some miles above London, splendidly built, and very pleasantly
guard against the lady herself, and never to tolerate her in her
situated at a graceful bend of the river. It was magnificently
presence on any pretext. Things were in this state, when, one
fitted up and furnished for Catharine's reception. Her suite of
day, after Catharine had been about six weeks in her new home,
apartments were supplied and adorned in the most sumptuous
Charles brought in a list of ladies whom he proposed that she
manner. Her bed, which was a present to Charles, at the time of
should make the ladies of her household. Catharine took the list,
his restoration, from the States of Holland, was said to have cost,
and there, to her surprise and indignation, she saw the dreaded
with all the appurtenances, a sum equal to between thirty and
name of Lady Castlemaine at the head of it.
forty thousand dollars. The hangings were an embroidery of
silver on crimson velvet. The other articles of furniture in the Very much agitated, she began to prick out the name, and
apartment, the mirrors, the richly inlaid cabinets, the toilet to declare that she could not listen to any such proposition.
service of massive gold, the canopies, the carved chairs, the Charles was angry, and remonstrated. She persisted, and said
curtains, the tapestries, and the paintings, corresponded in that he must either yield to her in that point, or send her back to
magnificence with the bed, so that Catharine, when she was Lisbon. Charles was determined to have his way, and Catharine
introduced to the scene, felt that she had attained to the very was overwhelmed with anguish and grief. This lasted two days,
summit of human grandeur. when Charles made his peace with his wife by solemnly
promising to give up Lady Castlemaine, and to have from that
For a few weeks Catharine neither saw nor heard any
time forward nothing more to do with her.
thing of Lady Castlemaine. She was confined to her house at the
time by the care of an infant, born a few days after the arrival of King Charles II. has always been famed for his good
the queen. Her husband had the child baptized soon after its birth nature. This was a specimen of it. He never liked to quarrel with
as his son and heir; but the mother soon afterward had it any body, and was always ready to give up his point, in
baptized again as the son of the king, Charles himself standing appearance and form at least, for the sake of peace and good
sponsor on the occasion. A violent quarrel followed between humor. Accordingly, when he found how immovably averse his
Lady Castlemaine and her husband. She left the house, taking wife was to having Lady Castlemaine for an inmate of her
with her all her servants and attendants, and all the plate and family, instead of declaring that she must and should submit to
other valuables which she could carry away. The husband, his will, he gave up himself, and said that he would think no
overwhelmed with wretchedness and shame, abandoned every more about it, without, however, having the remotest idea of
keeping his word. He was only intending, since he found the aid him in effecting his purposes. Good natured as he was, his
resistance so decided on this side of the citadel, to try to find determination was fully aroused, and he was now resolved to
some other approach. compel the queen to submit. He wrote a letter to Lord
Clarendon, in which he declared his absolute and unalterable
Accordingly, a short time after this, one evening when
determination to make Lady Castlemaine "of the queen's bed
the queen was holding a sort of levee in a brilliant saloon,
chamber," and hoped he might be miserable in this world and in
surrounded by her Portuguese ladies, and receiving English
the world to come if he failed in the least degree in what he had
ladies, as they were one after another presented to her by the
undertaken; and if any one of his friends attempted to thwart or
king, the company were astonished at seeing Lady Castlemaine
impede him in it in any way, he would make him repent of it as
appear with the rest, and, as she advanced, the king presented
long as he lived. The king concluded his letter with asking
her to the queen. To the surprise of every one, Catharine
Clarendon to show it to some others concerned, that they might
received her as graciously as the rest, and gave her her hand. The
all understand distinctly what they were to expect.
fact was, that Catharine, not being familiar with the sound and
pronunciation of English words, had not understood the name. Of course, every body, after this, took sides against the
One of the Portuguese ladies who stood near her whispered to queen, and all who had access to her urged her to comply with
inquire if she knew that that was Lady Castlemaine. Catharine the wishes of the king. She begged and prayed to be spared such
was stunned and staggered by the words as by a blow. The blood an indignity. She remonstrated, sometimes with impetuous
gushed from her nose, she fell over into the arms of her passion, and sometimes with silent grief and bitter tears. She
attendants in a fainting fit, and was borne out of the room. wanted to go back again to Portugal; but this, of course, could
not be. The end of it was, that she was worn out at last. Lady
There followed, after this scene, a long and dreadful
Castlemaine was admitted, and remained an inmate of her family
quarrel. Charles accused his wife of unreasonable and foolish
as long as she retained her place in the king's regard.
jealousy, and of putting a public insult upon one of the ladies of
his court, whom she was bound to treat with civility and respect, Lady Castlemaine was a proud and imperious beauty,
since he chose to have it so. She, on the other hand, declared that who abused the power which she soon found that she possessed
he was cruel and tyrannical in making such demands upon her, over the king, in a manner to make her an object of hatred to
and that she would go back to Portugal rather than submit to every one else. She interfered with every thing, and had a vast
such an intolerable indignity. She criminated Charles, and influence even over the affairs of state. The king was sometimes
Charles recriminated and threatened her, and for one night the out of patience, and attempted resistance, but she soon reduced
palace was filled with the noise and uproar of the quarrel. The him to submission. There was once some question about sending
ladies and gentlemen of the household were very glad, they said, a certain nobleman, who was charged with some political
that they were not in London, where there would have been so offenses, to the Tower. She declared that he should not be sent
many more witnesses of the scene. there. The king rebuked her interference, and they got into a high
Some of Charles's counselors and ministers of state were dispute on the subject, the king telling her, in the end, "that she
was an impertinent jade, that meddled with things she had
disposed at first to remonstrate with him for laying commands
nothing to do with." To which she replied "that he was a great
on his wife, with which, as they expressed it, flesh and blood
fool, that let fools have the management of his affairs, and sent
could not comply. He, however, peremptorily silenced all their
his faithful servants to prison." In the end, the lady gained the
expostulations, and required them, as they valued his favor, to
victory, and the nobleman went free. Violent quarrels of this And yet he pretended to be a firm believer in Christianity; and
kind were very frequent between these high life lovers, and they while he had no objection to any extreme of vice, he
always ended in the triumph of Lady Castlemaine. She used to discountenanced infidelity. On one occasion, when a
threaten, as a last resort, that if the king came to an open rupture philosophical skeptic had been enlarging for some time on his
with her, she would print the letters that he had written to her, objections to the Christian faith, Charles replied by saying, "My
and this always brought him to terms. lord, I am a great deal older than your grace, and have heard
more arguments in favor of atheism than you, but I have lived
These incidents indicate a very extraordinary freedom
long enough to see that there is nothing in them, and I hope your
and familiarity of manners on the part of Charles, and he
grace will."
probably appears, in all these transactions, to much greater
disadvantage in some respects than he otherwise would have Charles spent most of his time, at some periods of his
done, on account of the extreme openness and frankness of his reign, in idle amusements, lounging about his palace, playing at
character. He lived, in fact, on the most free and familiar terms tennis in the tennis court like a boy, and then weighing himself
with all around him, jesting continually with every body, and afterward to see how much he was gaining. In the afternoons and
taking jests, with perfect good nature, from others in return. In evenings he would loiter in the rooms of his favorites while they
fact, his jests, gibes, and frolics kept the whole court continually were finishing their dressing, gamble at cards, and often would
in a condition of frivolous gayety and fun, which would have get very much intoxicated at wild midnight carousals. He would
excited the astonishment of all the serious portion of mankind, if ramble in the mall and in the parks, and feed the aquatic birds
the extreme and universal dissipation and vice which prevailed upon the ponds there, day after day, with all the interest and
had not awakened a far deeper emotion. pleasure of a truant schoolboy. He roamed about thus in the most
free and careless manner, and accosted people far beneath him in
In fact, there seemed to be no serious element whatever
rank in what was considered a undignified way for a king.
in the monarch's character. He was, for instance, very fond of
dogs, and cultivated a particular breed, since called King His brother James, the Duke of York, sometimes
Charles's spaniels, which he kept at one time in great numbers, remonstrated with him on this subject. James was, of course, so
and in all stages of age and condition, in his palace, and in his long as the queen, Charles's lawful wife, had no children, the
very bed chamber, making all the apartments around very next heir to the crown. He spent most of his life in the court of
disagreeable by the effluvia. Rewards were constantly offered his brother, and they were generally very warm friends to each
for certain of the king's dogs which had escaped. They were other. On one of Charles's frolicking excursions, when he was
always escaping. He was attended by these dogs wherever he away far from his palace, without any suitable attendants or
went, and at his meetings with his council, while the gravest and guards, James told him that he really thought his life was not
most momentous national interests were under discussion, he safe in such exposures. Charles replied by telling James not to
would amuse himself by playing with them under the table. He give himself any uneasiness. "You may depend upon it," said he,
read his speeches at Parliament, that is, the brief messages with "that nobody will ever think of killing me to make you king."
which the sovereign usually opens the session, in a ridiculous The king was not unwilling, too, to take, himself, such
manner, and at church, instead of attending to the service, he jests as he gave. One day, in conversation with a dissolute
would play at peep with Lady Castlemaine between the curtains member of the court, after they had been joking each other for
which separated his box from that of the ladies of the household. some time, he said, "Ah! Shaftesbury, I verily believe you are
the wickedest dog in my dominions." "Yes," replied Shaftesbury, to get his head in as low a position as the architect's, and walked
"for a subject, I think I am." about the room in that ridiculous attitude, looking up in mimicry
of Sir Christopher's manner, and then said, "Oh, yes, now I think
There was a mischievous and unmanageable goat in one
they are high enough."
of the palace courtyards, whose name was Old Rowley, and the
courtiers considered the beast as affording so just an emblem of These building plans, and other similar undertakings,
the character of the king, that they gave the king his name. together with the vast amounts which the king lavished upon his
Charles, instead of resenting it, entered into the jest; and one numerous female favorites, exhausted his resources, and kept
day, as he was going into the apartment of some of the ladies, be him in continual straits for money. He was always urging
heard them singing a song, in which he figured ridiculously as Parliament to make new grants, and to lay more taxes, until, as
the goat. He knocked at the door. They asked who was there. he said himself, he was ashamed to look his Parliament in the
"Only Old Rowley," said the king. face, he was so continually begging them for supplies. The
people caricatured him by the representation of a poverty-
The king's repartees were some of them really good, and
stricken man, with his pockets turned inside out, and begging
he obtained in his day the reputation of being quite a wit, while
money. At another time the caricature took the form of a man led
yet all his actions, and the whole of his management of his
along against his will by two women, and threatened by a third,
affairs, were so utterly unwise and so wholly unworthy of his
wearing all the time a countenance expressive of helplessness
station, that every one was struck with the contrast. One of the
and distress.
wits of his court one day wrote an epitaph for him, over his door,
as follows: The king bore all these things with the utmost good
"Here lies our sovereign lord the king, nature, satisfied, apparently, if he could only enjoy the pleasures
Whose word no man relies on, of dissipation and vice, and continue, in his palaces, a perpetual
Who never said a foolish thing, round of reckless merriment and fun. Some of the stories which
And never did a wise one." are gravely told by the historians of the day are scarcely
credible. For instance, it is said that a thief one day found his
When the king came and saw this inscription, he stopped way, in the guise of a gentleman, into one of the royal drawing
to read it, and said, "Yes, that is very true; and the reason is, my rooms, and contrived to get a gold snuff box out of the pocket of
doings are those of my ministers, while my sayings are my one of the noblemen there. Just as he had successfully
own." accomplished his object, unobserved, as he supposed, he looked
Charles had, in fact, very little to do with the public up, and saw the king's eyes fastened upon him. Knowing his
affairs of his kingdom. He liked to build palaces and ships, and majesty's character, the thief had the presence of mind to give
he expended vast sums, not very judiciously, on these plans. Sir him a wink, with a sly gesture enjoining secrecy. The king
Christopher Wren, the famous architect, planned one of these nodded assent, and the thief went away with his prize. When the
palaces, and Charles, when he went to see it, complained that the nobleman missed his snuff box, the king amused himself some
rooms were too small. Sir Christopher walked about with a self- time with his perplexity and surprise, and then told him that it
important air, looking up at the ceiling, and said that he thought was of no use for him to search for his snuff box, for a thief had
they were high enough. Sir Christopher was very small in gone off with it half an hour ago. "I saw him," said the king,
stature. Charles accordingly squatted down as well as he could, with a countenance full of fun, "but I could not do any thing. The

rascal made me his confidant, and, of course, you know, I could preservation of the human race, to thin off the excessive
not betray him." accumulation by destroying a portion of the surplus in so
frightful a way as to drive away the rest in terror.
Under the government of such a sovereign, it could not
be expected that the public affairs of the realm would have gone
on very prosperously. Still, however, they might have been
conducted with ordinary success by his ministers, and perhaps
they were, in fact, managed as well as was usual with the
governments of Europe in those days. It happened, however, that
three great public calamities occurred, all of a most marked and
signal character, which were, perhaps, not owing at all to causes
for which Charles was responsible, but which have nevertheless
connected such associations in men's minds with this unfortunate
reign, as that Englishmen have since looked back upon it with
very little pleasure. These three calamities were the plague, the
fire, and the Dutch invasion.
There have been a great many seasons of plague in
London, all inconceivably dreadful; but as King Charles's fire
was first among conflagrations, so his plague was the greatest
pestilence that ever ravaged the city. London was, in those days,
in a condition which exactly adapted it to be the easy prey of
pestilence, famine, and fire. The people were crowded together
THE BROADSTONE.
in vast masses, with no comforts, no cleanliness, no proper
organization. The enormous vegetable and animal accumulations The great plague of London took place in 1665, one year
of such a multitude, living more like brutes than men, produced before the fire. The awful scenes which the whole city presented,
a continual miasma, which prepared the constitutions of no pen can describe. A hundred thousand persons are said to
thousands for any infection which might chance to light among have died. The houses where cases of the plague existed were
them. Pestilence is, in fact, the rude and dreadful remedy which marked with a red cross and shut up, the inmates being all
nature provides for the human misery which man himself can fastened in, to live or die, at the mercy of the infection. Every
not or will not cure. When the dictates of reason and conscience day carts rolled through the otherwise silent and desolate streets,
are neglected or disobeyed, and the ills which they might have men accompanying them to gather up with pitchforks the dead
averted sink the social state into a condition of degradation and bodies which had been dragged out from the dwellings, and
wretchedness so great that the denser accumulations of the crying "Bring out your dead" as they went along. Thousands
people become vast and corrupted swarms of vermin instead of went mad with their uncontrollable terror, and roamed about the
organized communities of men, then plague and fever come in as streets in raving delirium, killing themselves, and mothers
the last resort—half remedy, half retribution—devised by that killing their children, in an insane and phrensied idea of escaping
mysterious principle which struggles perpetually for the by that means, somehow or other, from the dreadful destroyer.

Every body whose reason remained to them avoided all
possible contact or communication with others. Even in the
country, in the exchange of commodities, a thousand
contrivances were resorted to, to avoid all personal connection.
In one place there was a stone, where those who had any thing to
sell placed their goods and then retreated, while he who wished
to buy came up, and, depositing his money on the stone in the
place of the merchandise, took what he had thus bought away.
The great fire took place in 1666, about a year after the
plague, and burned a very large part of London. It commenced
accidentally in a baker's shop, where a great store of fagots had
been collected, and spread so rapidly among the buildings which
surrounded the spot that it was soon entirely beyond control. The
city of London was then composed of an immense mass of mean
buildings, crowded densely together, with very narrow streets
intervening, and the wind carried the flames, with inconceivable
rapidity, far and wide. The people seemed struck universally
with a sense of terror and despair, and nothing was to be heard
but shrieks, outcries, and wild lamentations. The sky was one
vast lurid canopy, like molten brass, day and night, for four days,
while the whole city presented a scene of indescribable and
awful din; the cracking and thundering of the flames, the
phrensied screams of the women and children, the terrific falling
of spires, towers, walls, and lofty battlements, the frightful THE MONUMENT.
explosions of the houses, blown up by gunpowder in the vain
The Dutch invasion was the third great calamity which
hope of stopping the progress of the flames, all formed a scene
signalized King Charles's unfortunate reign. The ships of the
of grandeur so terrific and dreadful, that they who witnessed the
enemy came up the Thames and the Medway, which is a branch
spectacle were haunted by the recollection of it long afterward,
of the Thames; they took possession of a fort at Sheerness, near
as by a frightful dream. A tall monument was built upon the spot
the mouth of the river, and, after seizing all the military stores,
where the baker's shop stood, to commemorate the calamity. The
which had been collected there to an enormous amount, they set
fire held, in fact, in the estimation of mankind, the rank of the
fire to the powder magazine, and blew up the whole fortress with
greatest and most terrible of all conflagrations, until the burning
a terrific explosion. The way was now open to them to London,
of Moscow, in the time of Napoleon, in some degree eclipsed its
unless the English could contrive some way to arrest their
fame.
progress. They attempted to do this by sinking some ships in the
river, and drawing a strong chain across from one sunken vessel
to the other, and fastening the ends to the shores. The Dutch,

however, broke through this obstruction. They seized an Popish Plot, by which the affair has always since been
opportunity when the tide was setting strongly up the river, and a designated in history. The circumstances were these:
fresh wind was blowing; their ships, impelled thus by a double
Among his other various accomplishments, King Charles
force, broke through the chains, passed safely between the was quite a chemist and philosopher. He had a laboratory where
sunken ships, and came on in triumph up the river, throwing the he amused himself with experiments, having, of course, several
city of London into universal consternation. There were several persons associated with him, and attendant upon him in these
English ships of war, and several Dutch ships, which had been researches. Among these was a man named Kirby. Mr. Kirby
captured and brought up the Thames as prizes, lying in the river; was an intelligent man, of agreeable manners, and of
these vessels were all seized by the Dutch, and burned; one of considerable scientific attainments. Charles devoted, at some
the English ships which they thus destroyed was called the periods of his life, a considerable portion of his time to these
Royal Oak. researches in experimental philosophy, and he took, likewise, an
Of course, there was now a universal scene of confusion interest in facilitating the progress of others in the same pursuits.
and terror in London. Every body laid the blame of the calamity There was a small society of philosophers that was accustomed
upon the king; the money which he had received for building to meet sometimes in Oxford and sometimes in London. The
ships, and other national defenses, he had squandered, they said, object of this society was to provide apparatus and other
upon his guilty pleasures; then the war, which had resulted in facilities for making experiments, and to communicate to each
this invasion, was caused by the political mismanagement of his other at their meetings the result of their investigations. The king
reign. While the people, however, thus loudly condemned the took this society under his patronage, and made it, as it were, his
conduct of their monarch, they went energetically at work to own. He gave it the name of THE ROYAL SOCIETY,and granted
arrest the progress of their invaders; they sunk other ships in it a charter, by which it was incorporated as a permanent
greater numbers, and built platforms, on which they raised organization, with the most ample powers. This association has
batteries of cannon. At length the further progress of the enemy since become one of the most celebrated learned societies in the
was stopped, and the ships were finally compelled to retire. world, and its establishment is one of the very few transactions
of King Charles's reign which have been since remembered with
Among the other events which occurred during the reign
pleasure.
of King Charles the Second, and which tended to connect
unfavorable associations with the recollection of it in the minds But to return to Mr. Kirby. One day, when the king was
of men, was a very extraordinary affair, which is known in walking in the park with a party of companions and attendants,
history by the name of Titus Oates's Popish Plot. It was the story who were separated more or less from him, as was usual on such
of a plot, said to have been formed by the Catholics, to put King occasions, Mr. Kirby came up to him, and, with a mysterious
Charles to death, and place his brother James, who, it will be and earnest air, begged the king not to allow himself to be
recollected, was a Catholic, upon the throne in his stead. The separated from the company, for his life, he said, was in danger.
story of this plot was told by a man named Titus Oates, and as it "Keep with your company, sir," said he, "your enemies have a
was at first generally believed, it occasioned infinite trouble and design upon your life. You may be suddenly shot on this very
difficulty. In after times, however, the whole story came to be walk." Charles was not easily frightened, and he received this
regarded as the fabrication of Oates, without there being any announcement with great composure. He asked an explanation,
foundation for it whatever; hence the name of Titus Oates's however, and Mr. Kirby informed him that a plot had been

formed by the Catholics to destroy him; that two men had been Charles was well aware of these things, and was
engaged to shoot him; and, to make the result doubly sure, accordingly disposed to pay very little attention to Dr. Tong's
another arrangement had been made to poison him. The queen's papers. He said he had no time to look into them, and so he
physician was the person, he said, who was charged with this referred the whole case to the Lord Treasurer Danby, an officer
latter design. Mr. Kirby said, moreover, that there was a of his court, whom he requested to examine into the affair. Dr.
clergyman, Dr. Tong, who was fully acquainted with all the Tong, therefore, laid his papers before Danby, while the king
particulars of the plot, and that, if the king would grant him an went off the next day to Windsor to examine the new fresco
interview that evening, he would make them all known. paintings and the other decorations of the palace.
The king agreed to this, and in the evening Dr. Tong was Danby was disposed to regard the story in a very
introduced. He had a budget of papers which he began to open different light from that in which it had appeared to the king. It
and read, but Charles had not patience to hear them; his mind is said that there were some charges about to be brought forward
was full of a plan which he was contemplating of going to against himself for certain malpractices in his office, and that he
Windsor the next day, to look at some new decorations which he was very much pleased, accordingly, at the prospect of having
had ordered for several of the apartments of the palace. He did something come up to attract public attention, and turn it away
not believe in the existence of any plot. It is true that plots and from his own misdemeanors. He listened, therefore, with great
conspiracies were very common in those days, but false rumors interest to Dr. Tong's account of the plot, and made many minute
and unfounded tales of plots were more common still. There was and careful inquiries. Dr. Tong informed him that he had himself
so much excitement in the minds of the community on the no personal knowledge of the conspiracy; that the papers, which
subject of the Catholic and Protestant faith, and such vastly contained all the information that he was possessed of, had been
extended interests depended on whether the sovereign belonged thrown into the hall of his house from the front door, and that he
to one side or the other on this question, that every thing relating did not certainly know by whom, though he suspected, he said,
to the subject was invested with a mysterious awe, and the most one Titus Oates, who had formerly been a Catholic priest, and
wonderful stories were readily circulated and believed. The was still so far connected with the Catholics as to have very
public mind was always particularly sensitive and excitable in favorable opportunities to become acquainted with their designs.
such a case as that of Charles and his brother James at the time Soon after this Dr. Tong had another interview with the
of which we are writing, where the reigning monarch, Charles, lord treasurer, and informed him that his surmise had proved
was of one religious faith, and his brother James, the next heir, true; that it was Titus Oates who had drawn up the papers, and
was of the other. The death of Charles, which might at any time that he was informed in regard to all the particulars of the plot,
take place, would naturally lead to a religious revolution, and
but that he did not dare to do any thing openly in revealing them,
this kept the whole community in an exceedingly excitable and for fear that the conspirators would kill him. The lord treasurer
feverish state. There was a great temptation to form plots on the communicated the result of his inquiries to the king, and urged
one hand, and a great eagerness to discover them on the other; the affair upon his attention as one of the utmost possible
and any man who could tell a story of treasonable schemes, importance. The king himself, however, was very skeptical on
whether his tale was true or fabricated, became immediately a the subject. He laughed at the lord treasurer's earnestness and
personage of great importance. anxiety. The lord treasurer wished to have a meeting of the
council called, that the case might be laid before them, but

Charles refused. Nobody should know any thing about it, he majority of the people had renounced the true religion, and given
said, not even his brother. It would only create excitement and themselves up to avowed and open heresy, the monarch lost all
alarm, and perhaps put it into somebody's head to murder him, title to his crown, and the realms thus fallen from the faith lapsed
though nobody at present had any such design. to the pope, and were to be reclaimed by him by any mode
which it seemed to him expedient to adopt. Under these
But, notwithstanding the king's determination not to give
circumstances, the pope had assumed the sovereignty over
publicity to the story of the plot, rumors of it gradually
England, and had commissioned the society of the Jesuits—a
transpired, and began to excite attention. The fact that such
very powerful religious society, extending over most of the
stories were in circulation soon came to the knowledge of the
countries of Europe— to take possession of the realm; that, in
Duke of York, and, of course, immediately arrested his earnest
the prosecution of this plan, the king was to be assassinated, and
attention. As he was himself a Catholic, and the heir to the
that a very large sum of money had been raised and set apart, to
crown, any suspicion of a Catholic plot formed to dethrone his
be paid to any person who would kill the king; that an offer of
brother necessarily implicated him. He demanded an
ten thousand pounds had been made to the queen's physician if
examination into the case. In a short time, vague but exaggerated
he would poison him. The physician had insisted upon fifteen
rumors on the subject began to circulate through the community
thousand for so great a service, and this demand had finally been
at large, which awakened, of course, a very general anxiety and
acceded to; and five thousand had actually been paid him in
alarm. So great was the virulence of both political and religious
advance. Besides the murder of the king, a general assassination
animosities in those days, that no one knew to what scenes of
of the Protestants was to take place. There were twenty thousand
persecution or of massacre such secret conspiracies might tend.
Catholics in London, for instance, who, according to Oates's
Oates, whose only object was to bring himself into notice, and to
account of the plan, were to rise on a preconcerted night, and
obtain rewards for making known the plot which he had
each one was to kill five Protestants, which it was thought they
pretended to discover, now found, to his great satisfaction, that
could easily do, as the Protestants would be taken wholly by
the fire which he had kindled was beginning to burn. The
surprise, and would be unarmed. The revolution being thus
meeting of the council was called, and he was summoned to
effected, the crown was to be offered to Charles's brother, the
attend it. Before the time arrived, however, he went to a justice
Duke of York, as a gift from the pope, and, if he should refuse to
of the peace, and laid the evidence before him of the existence of
accept it on such conditions as the pope might see fit to impose,
the conspiracy, and of all the details respecting it which he
he was himself to be immediately assassinated, and some other
pretended to have discovered. The name of this justice was Sir
disposal to be made of the kingdom.
Edmondsbury Godfrey. A remarkable circumstance afterward
occurred in respect to him, as will presently be related, which Oates was examined before the council very closely, and
greatly increased and extended the popular excitement in he contradicted himself so much, and made so many
relation to the pretended plot. misstatements about absent persons, and the places where he
pretended that certain transactions had taken place, as to prove
The plot, as Oates invented and detailed it, was on the
the falseness of his whole story. The public, however, knew little
most magnificent scale imaginable. The pope himself was at the
or thought little of these proofs. They hated the Catholics, and
head of it. The pope, he said, had laid the subject before a
were eager to believe and to circulate any thing which tended to
society of learned theologians at Rome, and they had decided
excite the public mind against them. The most extravagant
that in such a case as that of England, where the sovereign and a
stories were accordingly circulated, and most excessive and
universal fears prevailed, increasing continually by the influence higher rank, until at last they dared to implicate the queen herself
of mutual action and reaction, and of sympathy, until the whole in their charges. They knew that, as she was a Catholic, she was
country was in a state of terror. A circumstance now occurred unpopular with the nation at large, and as Charles had so many
which added tenfold to the excitement, and produced, in fact, a other lady favorites, they concluded that he would feel no
general consternation. interest in vindicating her from false aspersions. They
accordingly brought forward accusations against the queen of
This circumstance was the sudden and mysterious death
having joined in the conspiracy, of having been privy to the plan
of Sir Edmondsbury Godfrey, the justice who had taken the
of murdering the king, and of having actually arranged and
depositions of Oates in respect to the conspiracy. He had been
directed the assassination of the justice, Sir Edmondsbury. These
missing for several days, and at length his body was found in a
charges produced, of course, great excitement. The people of the
trench, by the side of a field, in a solitary place not far from
country were generally predisposed to believe them true. There
London. His own sword had been run into his body, and was
were various investigations of them, and long protracted
remaining in the wound. His watch and his money were safe in
examinations of the witnesses before the council and before
his pocket, showing that he had not been killed by robbers. This
judicial commissions appointed to inquire into and decide upon
event added greatly to the excitement that prevailed. The story
the case. These inquisitions led to debates and disputes, to
was circulated that he had been killed by the Catholics for
criminations and recriminations without number, and they threw
having aided in publishing the discovery of their plot. They who
the whole court and the whole nation into a state of extreme
wished to believe Oates's story found in the justice's death most
excitement, some taking sides against, and some in favor of the
ample confirmation of it. The body was brought forward and
queen. Although the popular sentiment was against her, every
exhibited to the public gaze in a grand procession, which moved
fair and candid mind, that attended carefully to the evidence,
through the streets of London; and at the funeral guards were
decided unhesitatingly in her favor. The stories of the witnesses
stationed, one on each side of the preacher, while he was
were utterly inconsistent with each other, and in many of their
delivering the funeral discourse, to impress the people with a
details impossible. Still, so great was the public credulity, and so
sense of the desperate recklessness of Catholic hate, by the
eager the desire to believe every thing, however absurd, which
implication that even a minister of the Gospel, in the exercise of
would arouse and strengthen the anti-Catholic feeling, that the
the most solemn of his functions, was not safe without an
queen found herself soon the object of extreme and universal
effectual guard.
odium.
From this time the excitement and commotion went on
The king, however, much to his credit, refused all belief
increasing at a very rapid rate. Oates himself, of course, became
of these accusations against Catharine, and strongly defended
immediately a man of great importance; and to maintain himself
her cause. He took care to have the witnesses cross examined,
in his new position, he invented continually new stories, each
and to have the inconsistencies in their testimony, and the utter
more terrible than the preceding. New informers, too, began to
impossibility that their statements could be true, pointed out. He
appear, confirming Oates's statements, and adding new details of
believed, he said, that she was entirely innocent, and that the
their own, that they might share his distinctions and rewards.
whole plan was a conspiracy to effect her destruction. "They
These men became continually more and more bold, in
think, I suppose," said the king, "that I should like a new wife,
proportion to the increasing readiness of the people to receive
but I will not suffer an innocent woman to be wronged." He also
their inventions for truths. They accused persons of higher and
told one of the ministers of state, in speaking of the subject, that,
considering how hardly he had treated his wife, and how much
reason she had for just complaints against him, it would be an CHAPTER XII
atrocious thing for him to abandon her in such an extremity.
A volume might be filled with stories of the strange and
exciting incidents that grew out of this pretended popish plot. Its
THE CONCLUSION
consequences extended disastrously through many years, and
Time rolled on, and the gay and pleasure-loving king
involved a vast number of innocent persons in irretrievable ruin.
passed through one decade after another of his career, until at
The true character of Oates and his accomplices was, however,
length he came to be over fifty years of age. His health was firm,
at length fully proved, and they themselves suffered the fate at
and his mental powers vigorous. He looked forward to many
last which they had brought upon others. The whole affair was a
years of strength and activity yet to come, and thus, though he
disgrace to the age. There is no circumstance connected with it
had passed the meridian of his life, he made no preparations to
which can be looked upon with any pleasure except King
change the pursuits and habits in which he had indulged himself
Charles's fidelity to his injured wife in refusing to abandon her,
in his early years.
though he no longer loved her. His defense of her innocence,
involving, as it did, a continuance of the matrimonial tie, which He died suddenly at last, at the age of fifty-four. His
bound them together when all the world supposed that he wished death was almost as sudden as that of his father, though in a
it sundered, seems to have resulted from a conscientious sense of widely different way. The circumstances of his last sickness
duty, and implies certain latent traits of generosity and nobleness have strongly attracted the attention of mankind, on account of
in Charles's character, which, though ordinarily overpowered the manner in which the dying king was affected, at last, by
and nullified by the influences of folly and vice, still always remorse at the recollection of his life of reckless pleasure and
seem to have maintained their hold, and to come out to view sin, and of the acts to which this remorse led him upon his dying
from time to time, in the course of the gay monarch's life, bed.
whenever any emergency occurred sufficient to call them into The vices and crimes of monarchs, like those of other
action. men, may be distinguished into two great types, characterized by
The reign of King Charles the Second was signalized by the feelings of heart in which they take their origin. Some of
many other untoward and disastrous events besides those which these crimes arise from the malignant passions of the soul, others
we have enumerated. There were unfortunate wars, great defeats from the irregular and perverted action of the feelings of
in naval battles, unlucky negotiations abroad, and plots and kindness and affection. The errors and follies of Charles, ending
conspiracies, dangerous and disgraceful, at home. The king, at last, as they did, in the most atrocious sins, were of the latter
however, took all these things very good naturedly, and allowed class. It was in feelings of kindness and good will toward friends
them to interfere very little with his own personal pleasures. of his own sex that originated that spirit of favoritism, so
Whatever troubles or embarrassments affected the state, he left unworthy of a monarch, which he so often evinced; and even his
the anxiety and care which pertained to them to his ministers and irregular and unhallowed attachments of another kind seem to
his council, banishing all solicitude from his own mind, and have been not wholly selfish and sensual. The course of conduct
enjoying himself all the time with his experiments, his ladies, his which he pursued through the whole course of his life toward his
dogs, and his perpetual fun. female companions, evinced, in many instances, a sincere

attachment to them, and an honest desire to promote their occurred at Charles's death, and is, moreover, so intrinsically
welfare; and in all the wild recklessness of his life of pleasure excellent, that it well merits the digression.
and vice, there was seen coming out continually into view the The queen-mother, Mary de Medici, to the young Queen of England,
influence of some conscientious sense of duty, and of a desire to Henrietta Maria.
promote the happiness of those around him, and to do justice to "1625, June 25.
all. These principle were, indeed, too feeble to withstand the
temptations by which they were assailed on every side; still, they "MY DAUGHTER—You separate from me, I can not
did not cease to exist, and occasions were continually occurring separate myself from you. I retain you in heart and memory and
when they succeeded in making their persuasions heard. In a would that this paper could serve for an eternal memorial to you
word, King Charles's errors and sins, atrocious and inexcusable of what I am; it would then supply my place, and speak for me to
as they were, sprang from ill-regulated and perverted feelings of you, when I can no longer speak for myself. I give you it with
love and good will, and not from selfishness and hate; from the my last adieu in quitting you, to impress it the more on your
kindly, and not from the malignant propensities of the soul. It is mind, and give it to you written with my own hand, in order that
very doubtful whether this is really any palliation of them, but, at it may be the more dear to you, and that it may have more
any rate, mankind generally regard it so, judging very leniently, authority with you in all that regards your conduct toward God,
as they always do, the sins and crimes which have such an the king your husband, his subjects, your domestics, and
origin. yourself. I tell you here sincerely, as in the last hour of our
converse, all I should say to you in the last hour of my existence,
It is probable that Charles derived whatever moral if you should be near me then. I consider, to my great regret, that
principle and sensitiveness of conscience that he possessed from such can never be, and that the separation now taking place
the influence of his mother in his early years. She was a faithful between you and me for a long time, is too probably an
and devoted Catholic; she honestly and firmly believed that the anticipation of that which is to be forever in this world.
rites and usages of the Catholic Church were divinely ordained,
and that a careful and honest conformity to them was the only "On this earth you have only God for a father; but, as he
way to please God and to prepare for heaven. She did all in her is eternal, you can never lose him. It is he who sustains your
power to bring up her children in this faith, and in the high moral existence and life; it is he who has given you to a great king; it is
and religious principles of conduct which were, in her mind, he who, at this time, places a crown on your brow, and will
indissolubly connected with it. She derived this spirit, in her establish you in England, where you ought to believe that he
turn, from her mother, Mary de Medici, who was one of the requires your service, and there he means to effect your
most extraordinary characters of ancient or modern times. When salvation. Remember, my child, every day of your life, that he is
Henrietta Maria was married to Charles I. and went to England, your God, who has put you on earth intending you for heaven,
this Mary de Medici, her mother, wrote her a letter of counsel who has created you for himself and for his glory.
and of farewell, which we recommend to our readers' careful "The late king, your father, has already passed away;
perusal. It is true, we go back to the third generation from the there remains no more of him but a little dust and ashes, hidden
hero of this story to reach the document, but it illustrates so well from our eyes. One of your brothers has already been taken from
the manner in which maternal influence passes down from age to us even in his infancy; God withdrew him at his own good
age, and throws so much light on the strange scenes which pleasure. He has retained you in the world in order to load you

with his benefits; but, as he has given you the utmost felicity, it whom we move, and who is the end of our being'. It was with
behooves you to render him the utmost gratitude. It is but just such precepts that he commenced his holy career; it was this that
that your duties are augmented in proportion as the benefits and rendered him worthy of employing his life and reign for the
favors you receive are signal. Take heed of abusing them. Think good of the faith and the exaltation of the Church. Be, after his
well that the grandeur, goodness, and justice of God are infinite, example, firm and zealous for religion, which you have been
and employ all the strength of your mind in adoring his supreme taught, for the defense of which he, your royal and holy
puissance, in loving his inviolable goodness; and fear his ancestor, exposed his life, and died faithful to him among the
rigorous equity, which will make all responsible who are infidels. Never listen to, or suffer to be said in your presence,
unworthy of his benefits. aught in contradiction to your belief in God and his only Son,
your Lord and Redeemer. I entreat the Holy Virgin, whose name
"Receive, my child, these instructions of my lips; begin
you bear, to deign to be the mother of your soul, and in honor of
and finish every day in your oratory, with good thoughts and, in
her who is mother of our Lord and Savior, I bid you adieu again
your prayers, ask resolution to conduct your life according to the
and many times.
laws of God, and not according to the vanities of this world,
which is for all of us but a moment, in which we are suspended "I now devote you to God forever and ever; it is what I
over eternity, which we shall pass either in the paradise of God, desire for you from the very depth of my heart.
or in hell with the malign spirits who work evil. "Your very good and affectionate mother, MARIA.
"Remember that you are daughter of the Church by "From Amiens, the 10th of June, 1625."
baptism, and that this is, indeed, the first and highest rank which
you have or ever will have, since it is this which will give you The devout sense of responsibility to Almighty God, and
entrance into heaven; your other dignities, coming as they do the spirit of submission and obedience to his will, which this
from the earth, will not go further than the earth; but those which letter breathes, descended from the grandmother to the mother,
you derive from heaven will ascend again to their source, and and were even instilled, in some degree, into the heart of the son.
carry you with them there. Render thanks to heaven each day, to They remained, however, latent and dormant through the long
God who has made you a Christian; estimate this first of benefits years of the monarch's life of frivolity and sin, but they revived
as it deserves, and consider all that you owe to the labors and and reasserted their dominion when the end came.
precious blood of Jesus our Savior; it ought to be paid for by our The dying scene opened upon the king's vision in a very
sufferings, and even by our blood, if he requires it. Offer your abrupt and sudden manner. He had been somewhat unwell
soul and your life to him who has created you by his puissance, during a certain day in February, when he was about fifty-four
and redeemed you by his goodness and mercy. Pray to him, and years of age. His illness, however, did not interrupt the ordinary
pray incessantly to preserve you by the inestimable gift of his orgies and carousals of his palace. It was Sunday. In the evening
grace, and that it may please him that you sooner lose your life a very gay assembly was convened in the apartments, engaged in
than renounce him. deep gaming, and other dissolute and vicious pleasures. The king
"You are the descendant of St. Louis. I would recall to mingled in these scenes, though he complained of being unwell.
you, in this my last adieu, the same instruction that he received His head was giddy—his appetite was gone—his walk was
from his mother, Queen Blanche, who said to him often 'that she unsteady. When the party broke up at midnight, he went into one
would rather see him die than to live so as to offend God, in of the neighboring apartments, and they prepared for him some
light and simple food suitable for a sick man, but he could not saying that she was very glad to hear that he was better, and was
take it. He retired to his bed, but he passed a restless and uneasy much concerned that she could not come to see him; she also
night. He arose, however, the next morning, and attempted to added, that for whatever she had done in the course of her life to
dress himself, but before he finished the work he was suddenly displease him, she now asked his pardon, and hoped he would
struck by that grim and terrible messenger and coadjutor of forgive her. The attendants communicated this message to the
death—apoplexy—as by a blow. Stunned by the stroke, he king. "Poor lady!" said Charles, "she beg my pardon! I am sure I
staggered and fell. beg hers, with all my heart."
The dreadful paroxysm of insensibility and seeming Apoplexy fulfills the dread behest of its terrible master
death in a case of apoplexy is supposed to be occasioned by a Death by dealing its blow once with a fatal energy, and then
pressure of blood upon the brain, and the remedy, according to retiring from the field, leaving the stunned and senseless patient
the practice of those days, was to bleed the patient immediately to recover in some degree from the first effect of the stroke, but
to relieve this pressure, and to blister or cauterize the head, to only to sink down and die at last under the permanent and
excite a high external action as a means of subduing the disease irretrievable injuries which almost invariably follow.
within. It was the law of England that such violent remedies Things took this course in the case of Charles. He
could not be resorted to in the case of the sovereign without revived from the stupor and insensibility of the first attack, and
authority previously obtained from the council. They were guilty lay afterward for several days upon his bed, wandering in mind,
of high treason who should presume to do so. This was a case, helpless in body, full of restlessness and pain, and yet conscious
however, which admitted of no delay. The attendants put their of his condition. He saw, dimly and obscurely indeed, but yet
own lives at hazard to serve that of the king. They bled him with with awful certainty, that his ties to earth had been suddenly
a penknife, and heated the iron for the cautery. The alarm was sundered, and that there only remained to him now a brief and
spread throughout the palace, producing universal confusion. troubled interval of mental bewilderment and bodily distress, to
The queen was summoned, and came as soon as possible to the last for a few more hours or days, and then he must appear
scene. She found her husband sitting senseless in a chair, a basin before that dread tribunal where his last account was to be
of blood by his side, his countenance death-like and ghastly, rendered; and the vast work of preparation for the solemn
while some of the attendants were attempting to force the locked judgment was yet to be made. How was this to be done?
jaws apart, that they might administer a potion, and others were
applying a red hot iron to the patient's head, in a desperate Of course, the great palace of Whitehall, where the royal
endeavor to arouse and bring back again into action the patient was lying, was all in confusion. Attendants were hurrying
benumbed and stupefied sensibilities. Queen Catharine was so to and fro. Councils of physicians were deliberating in solemn
shocked by the horrid spectacle that she sank down in a fit of assemblies on the case, and ordaining prescriptions with the
fainting and convulsions, and was borne immediately away back formality which royal etiquette required. The courtiers were
to her own apartment. thunderstruck and confounded at the prospect of the total
revolution which was about to ensue, and in which all their
In two hours the patient's suspended faculties began to hopes and prospects might be totally ruined. James, the Duke of
return. He looked wildly about him, and asked for the queen. York, seeing himself about to be suddenly summoned to the
They sent for her. She was not able to come. She was, however, throne, was full of eager interest in the preliminary arrangements
so far restored as to be able to send a message and an apology, to secure his safe and ready accession. He was engaged night
and day in selecting officers, signing documents, and stationing Troubled and distressed with these thoughts, and still
guards. Catharine mourned in her own sick chamber the more anxious and wretched at the prospect of his own
approaching blow, which was to separate her forever from her approaching summons before the bar of God, the fallen monarch
husband, deprive her of her consequence and her rank, and lay upon his dying bed, earnestly desiring, but not daring to ask
consign her, for the rest of her days to the pains and sorrows, and for, the only possible relief which was now left to him, the
the dreadful solitude of heart which pertains to widowhood. The privilege of seeking refuge in the religious hopes and
king's other female intimates, too, of whom there were three still consolations which his mother, in years now long gone by, had
remaining in his court and in his palace, were distracted with vainly attempted to teach him to love. The way of salvation
real grief. They may have loved him sincerely; they certainly through the ministrations and observances of the Catholic
gave every indication of true affection for him in this his hour of service was the only way of salvation that he could possibly see.
extremity. They could not appear at his bedside except at sudden It is true that he had been all his life a Protestant, but
and stolen interviews, which were quickly terminated by their Protestantism was to him only a political faith, it had nothing to
being required to withdraw; but they hovered near with anxious do with moral accountability or preparation for heaven. The
inquiries, or else mourned in their apartments with bitter grief. spiritual views of acceptance with God by simple personal
Without the palace the effects were scarcely less decisive. The penitence and faith in the atoning sacrifice of his Son, which lie
tidings spread every where throughout the kingdom, arresting at the foundation of the system of the Church of England, he
universal attention, and awakening an anxiety so widely diffused never conceived of. The Church of England was to him a mere
and so intense as almost to amount to a terror. A Catholic empty form; it was the service of the ancient Catholic faith,
monarch was about to ascend the throne, and no one knew what disrobed of its sanctions, despoiled of its authority, and deprived
national calamities were impending. of all its spirit and soul. It was the mere idle form of godless and
heartless men of the world, empty and vain. It had answered his
In the mean time, the dying monarch lay helpless upon
purpose as a part of the pageantry of state during his life of
his bed, in the alcove of his apartment, distressed and wretched.
pomp and pleasure, but it seemed a mockery to him now, as a
To look back upon the past filled him with remorse, and the
means of leading his wretched and ruined soul to a reconciliation
dread futurity, now close at hand, was full of images of terror
with his Maker. Every thing that was sincere, and earnest, and
and dismay. He thought of his wife, and of the now utterly
truly devout, in the duties of piety were associated in his mind
irreparable injuries which he had done her. He thought of his
with the memory of his mother; and as death drew nigh, he
other intimates and their numerous children, and of the condition
longed to return to her fold, and to have a priest, who was
in which they would be left by his death. If he had been more
clothed with the authority to which her spirit had been
entirely sensual and selfish in his attachments, he would have
accustomed to bow, come and be the mediator between himself
suffered less; but he could not dismiss these now wretched
and his Maker, and secure and confirm the reconciliation.
participators in his sins from his mind. He could do very little
now to promote their future welfare, or to atone for the injury But how could this be done? It was worse than treason to
which he had done them; but his anxiety to do so, as well as his aid or abet the tainting of the soul of an English Protestant king
utter helplessness in accomplishing his desire, was evinced by with the abominations of popery. The king knew this very well,
his saying, in his last charge to his brother James, just before he and was aware that if he were to make his wishes known,
died, that he hoped he would be kind to his children, and whoever should assist him in attaining the object of his desire
especially not let poor Nelly starve. would hazard his life by the act. Knowing, too, in what
abhorrence the Catholic faith was held, he naturally shrank from for him the spiritual succors which, as a Catholic, she considered
avowing his convictions; and thus deterred by the difficulties essential to his dying in peace. After repeated and vain
which surrounded him, he gave himself up to despair, and let the endeavors made in other ways to accomplish her object, she at
hours move silently on which were drawing him so rapidly length sent for the French embassador to come to her rooms
toward the grave. There were, among the other attendants and from the king's chamber, and urged him to do something to save
courtiers who crowded around his bedside, several high the dying sinner's soul. "He is in heart a Catholic," said she. "I
dignitaries of the Church. At one time five bishops were in his am sure he wishes to receive the Catholic sacraments. I can not
chamber. They proposed repeatedly that the king should partake do any thing, and the Duke of York is so full of business and
of the sacrament. This was a customary rite to be performed excitement that he does not think of it. But something must be
upon the dying, it being considered the symbol and seal of a done."
final reconciliation with God and preparation for heaven. The embassador went in pursuit of the Duke of York. He
Whenever the proposal was made, the king declined or evaded took him aside, and with great caution and secrecy suggested the
it. He said he was "too weak," or "not now," or "there will be subject. "You are right," said the duke, "and there is no time to
time enough yet;" and thus day after day moved on. lose." The duke went to the king's chamber. The English
In the mean time, the anxious and unhappy queen had so clergymen had just been offering the king the sacrament once
far recovered that she came to see the king, and was often at his more, and he had declined it again. James asked them to retire
bedside, watching his symptoms and mourning over his from the alcove, as he wished to speak privately to his majesty.
approaching fate. These interviews were, however, all public, for They did so, supposing that he wished to communicate with him
the large apartment in which the king was lying was always full. on some business of state. "Sire," said the duke to his dying
There were ladies of the court, too, who claimed the privilege brother, "you decline the sacraments of the Protestant Church,
which royal etiquette accorded them of always accompanying will you receive those of the Catholic?" The countenance of the
the queen on these visits to the bedside of her dying husband. dying man evinced a faint though immediate expression of
She could say nothing in private; and then, besides, her agitation returning animation and pleasure at this suggestion. "Yes," said
and distress were so extreme, that she was incapable of any thing he, "I would give every thing in the world to see a priest." "I will
like calm and considerate action. bring you one," said James. "Do," said the king, "for God's sake,
do; but shall you not expose yourself to danger by it?" "I will
Among the favorite intimates of the king, perhaps the
bring you one, though it cost me my life," replied the duke. This
most prominent was the Duchess of Portsmouth. The king
conversation was held in a whisper, to prevent its being
himself had raised her to that rank. She was a French girl, who
overheard by the various groups in the room. The duke afterward
came over, originally, from the Continent with a party of visitors
said that he had to repeat his words several times to make the
from the French court. Her beauty, her wit, and her
king comprehend them, his sense of hearing having obviously
accomplishments soon made her a great favorite with the king,
begun to fail.
and for many years of his life she had exerted an unbounded and
a guilty influence over him. She was a Catholic. Though not There was great difficulty in procuring a priest. The
allowed to come to his bedside, she remained in her apartment French and Spanish priests about the court, who were attached to
overwhelmed with grief at the approaching death of her lover, the service of the embassadors and of the queen, excused
and, strange as it may seem, she was earnestly desirous to obtain themselves on various pretexts. They were, in fact, afraid of the

consequences to themselves which might follow from an act so of Christ, to inure to the special benefit of the individual soul for
strictly prohibited by law. At last an English priest was found. which it was offered. The priest then received the penitent's
His name was Huddleston. He had, at one time, concealed the confession of sin, expressed in a faint and feeble assent to the
king in his house during his adventures and wanderings after the words of contrition which the Church prescribes, and this was
battle of Worcester. On account of this service, he had been followed by a pardon—a true and actual pardon, as the sinner
protected by the government of the king, ever since that time, supposed, granted and declared by a commissioner fully
from the pains and penalties which had driven most of the empowered by authority from heaven both to grant and declare
Catholic priests from the kingdom. it. Then came the "extreme unction", or, in other words, the last
anointing, in which a little consecrated oil was touched to the
They sent for Father Huddleston to come to the palace.
eyelids, the lips, the ears, and the hands, as a symbol and a seal
He arrived about seven o'clock in the evening. They disguised
of the final purification and sanctification of the senses, which
him with a wig and cassock, which was the usual dress of a
had been through life the means and instruments of sin. The
clergyman of the Church of England. As the illegal ceremony
extreme unction is the last rite. This being performed, the dying
about to be performed required the most absolute secrecy, it
Catholic feels that all is well. His sins have been atoned for and
became necessary to remove all the company from the room.
forgiven, and he has himself been purified and sanctified, soul
The duke accordingly informed them that the king wished to be
and body. The services in Charles's case occupied three quarters
alone for a short period, and he therefore requested that they
of an hour, and then the doors were opened and the attendants
would withdraw into the ante-room. When they had done so,
and company were admitted again.
Father Huddleston was brought in by a little door near the head
of the bed, which opened directly into the alcove where the bed The night passed on, and though the king's mind was
was laid. There was a narrow space or alley by the side of the relieved, he suffered much bodily agony. In the morning, when
bed, within the alcove, called the ruelle; with this the private he perceived that it was light, he asked the attendants to open the
door communicated directly, and the party attending the priest, curtains, that he might see the sun for the last time. It gave him
entering, stationed themselves there, to perform in secrecy and but a momentary pleasure, for he was restless and in great
danger the last solemn rites of Catholic preparation for heaven. It suffering. Some pains which he endured increased so much that
was an extraordinary scene; the mighty monarch of a mighty it was decided to bleed him. The operation relieved the
realm, hiding from the vigilance of his own laws, that he might suffering, but exhausted the sufferer's strength so that he soon
steal an opportunity to escape the consequences of having lost the power of speech, and lay afterward helpless and almost
violated the laws of heaven. insensible, longing for the relief which now nothing but death
could bring him. This continued till about noon, when he ceased
They performed over the now helpless monarch the rites
to breathe.
which the Catholic Church prescribes for the salvation of the
dying sinner. These rites, though empty and unmeaning
THE END.
ceremonies to those who have no religious faith in them, are full
of the most profound impressiveness and solemnity for those
who have. The priest, having laid aside his Protestant disguise,
administered the sacrament of the mass, which was, according to
the Catholic views, a true and actual re-enacting of the sacrifice

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QUEEN HENRIETTA'S FLIGHT

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VIEW OF THE LOUVRE.

Notwithstanding the outward change which was thus

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