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Questions 1 o 2 are based on the following passage.

The McMurdo Dry Valleys Long -Term Ecological Research (LTER) sie is on
MCMurdo Sound’s western coast, amid the largest, relatively ice-free area on the Antarctic
continent. With its low temperatures, limited precipitation and salt accumulation, the dry
valleys region is one where life approaches its environmental limits.
The original objectives of the McMurdo LTER were to understand the influence of
physical and biological constraints on the structure and function of dry valley ecosystems and
the effects of erosion and other kinds of material transport. As the work evolved, the
objective expanded to include more complex questions about biodiversity, the impact of
climatic legacies and ecosystem structure and function.
All ecosystems are dependent upon liquid water and shaped to varying degrees by
climatic and material transport, but nowhere is this more apparent than in the McMurdo Dry
Valley. In few places on this planet are there environments where minor changes in climate
so dramatically affect the capabilities of organisms to grow and reproduce. Indeed, the data
LTER researchers collect indicate that the dry valleys are very sensitive to small variations in
solar radiation and temperature and that this site may well be an important natural regional-
scale laboratory for studying responses to human alteration of climate.
1. The word sensitive in the last paragraph is closet in meaning to
a. Impasse
b. Susceptible
c. Insensitive
d. Steady
e. Clinging
2. The original objectives of the McMurdo LTER were to understand the influence of
physical and biological … on the structure and function of dry valley ecosystems and
the effects of erosion and other kinds of material transport.
a. Restriction
b. Weaknesse
c. Concentration
d. Furtherance
e. Escalation
Questions 3 to 6 are based on the following passage.
Before sending the first woman and next man to the moon, NASA will send a golf
cart-sized rover to the lunar south pole o search for sources of ice water. The space agency
hopes to the rover exploring the moon’s surface by December 2022. The new spacecraft was
announced Friday at the international aerospace community gathers.
The volatiles investigating polar exploration Rover, or VIPER, will travel several
miles on the moon over 100 days, searching the soil water. Its finding will help NASA
choose where to send astronauts as part of the Artemis program aimed at putting humans
back on the moon stay. The space agency wants to choose a landing site whit plenty of ice
water to use as a resource.
“This rover will help us answer the many questions we have about where the water is,
and how much there is for to use,” VIPER project manager Daniel Andrews said in a press
announcement. VIPER will have four key instruments to detect water. The neutron
spectrometer System will detect wet areas below the surface. Once an area looks promising,
the rover will deploy its TRIDENT drill to dig into the soil. Two other instruments will
analyze soil samples.
On the mission VIPER will collect different kinds of soil from different areas of the
moon, letting scientists map out exact location where water is likely located. With the
Artemis missions beginning in the 2020s, water will be a key resource on the moon—and
deposit of ice water crucial for the longevity of a human settlement. It’s not just drinking
water that’s in demand, either. Eventually mining the water ice, astronaut may be able to
extract its hydrogen and oxygen and then use it to create rocket fuel. That could reduce the
amount of fuel and supplies astronauts have to bring with them to the moon, and even support
future missions to Mars.
“It can be used, and we need to use it, not just life support but maybe even rocket
fuel,” said NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine. Astronomers found water ice near the
moon’s south pole back in 2009, and scientists think it’s a promising spot to find more. And
it’s not just NASA looking into the resources that might be hidden there. In September, India
attempted to send its first lunar rover to the south pole to map the area and explore the region
for water. However, the lender malfunctioned and crashed on the surface.
Engineers are already testing models of VIPER to see how it will move and function
on the surface of the moon. The final VIPER rover is being created by various NASA
research centers, along with commercial partner, Honeybee Robotics, a Brooklyn-based
company.
3. What is the author primarily concerned in the passage?
a. The NASA discovery of ice sources in the moon by using VIPER.
b. The NASA plan to search for sources of ice water on the surface of the moon by
using VIPER.
c. The qualifications of NASA in finding the valuable sources on the moon by using
VIPER
d. The NASA mission by sending golf car-sized rover to find ice source without using
VIPER
e. The NASA initial idea of searching the possibility of life on the moon by using
VIPER
4. Referring to the first paragraph, how is the information in the first sentence relates to
in the second sentence?
a. The first sentence gives the issue and the second sentence supports the issue
b. The first sentence describes the method and the second sentence expected the
results.
c. Bolt sentence give examples for the method in exploring the moon.
d. The first sentence presents the topic while the second contradicts the idea.
e. The first sentence presents the background while the second sentence conveys the
results
5. What is the author’s attitude towards the moon exploration?
a. Objective.
b. Neutral.
c. Concerned.
d. Optimistic.
e. Assertive.
6. From the text it can be concluded that……..
a. This exploration it’s the first lunar voyage by NASA
b. The ice water is predicted to be used by human settlement of earth
c. Hydrogen and oxygen are the main source to create a rocket fuel for astronauts to
come back to Earth
d. India was once sent a lunar rover nevertheless it brought nothing
e. VIPER is the most sophisticated tool send to the moon by NASA scientists in early
20th century
Question 7 to 10 are based on the following passage.
Tea is a natural drink that has been used for Melina for pleasure and medicine.
Native to Asia, tea is now drunk everywhere and is he more popular drink in the world. There
are numerus health benefits of drinking tea, from supporting weight loss to reducing
cholesterol, and possibly reducing the risk of various types of cancer. for patients living with
mesothelioma or other type of cancer, drinking tea can be a positive way to support overall
health. Being healthier while going through treatment may make it more effective and will
certainly make treatment more tolerable. There also may be some new and exciting evidence
that a substance in green tea could slow and even stop the growth of cancer in the body.
Studies of the effects of tea on health or on risk or treatment usually refer to true tea,
a drink made from the plant Camelia sinensis. This includes black tea and green tea. Herbal
teas are not true teas, as they are made from other plants, or mixtures of plants, herbs, and
fruit. Example of herbal teas are peppermint, chamomile, and hibiscus. Among the true teas,
there are important differences:
 Black tea. All true are made from the leaves of sinensis, but are allowed to oxidize
for varying amounts of time. Leaves picked for black tea are rolled and bruised and
then allowed to oxidize and wilt. This changes the chemical makeup of the leaves
and darkens them, producing characteristic tea flavor and aroma. This is the most
common tea drunk in Europe and North America.
 Green tea. Green tea is made from tea leaves that have not been rolled or bruised at
all and have not been allowed to oxidize. Green tea is more commonly drunk in Asia,
but has become more popular the west.
All the true teas contain mix of chemical compounds, but it is the group of catechins
the are credited with health benefits of tea. Green tea contains the most catechin substances
because of the minimal oxidation the leaves undergo. One catechin that has been studied the
most is called EGCG.
According to the National Cancer Institute, the polyphenols in tea have been shown
to decrease tumor growth in laboratory and animal studies and may protect against damage
caused by ultraviolet UVB radiation. Researchers believe that it is the high level of
polyphenols in tea that helps kill cancerous cells and stop them from growing. However, the
exact mechanisms by which tea interacts with cancerous cells is unknown.
A 2006 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association
concluded that green tea consumption is associated with reduced mortality due to all causes,
including cardiovascular disease. The study followed over 40,000 Japanese participants
between the ages of 40 and 79 for 11 years, starting in 1994. The participants who drank at
least 5 cups of green tea per day had a significantly lower risk of dying (especially from
cardiovascular disease) than those who drank less than one cup of tea per day. Green tea
contains catechins, polyphenolic compounds that are thought to exert numerous protective
effects, particularly on the cardiovascular system.
7. What likely motivates the writer in writing the passage?
a. To inform people more details about the abundant benefits of tea.
b. To argue why people, drink tea rather than coffee.
c. To discuss what makes people get cancer caused by lack of drinking tea.
d. To describe how tea can cure several illnesses related to cancer.
e. To cite significant effect of green tea for tea drinkers.
8. What will a non tea likely do after reading the passage?
a. He will directly avoid drinking tea.
b. He will realize that tea has many benefits.
c. He remains not drinking tea.
d. He will evaluate why tea is popular.
e. He will try to buy green tea.
9. To whom is the text intended?
a. People who haven’t known the benefits of tea.
b. Non tea lovers who hate drinking tea.
c. Tea lovers who have much knowledge about the benefits of tea.
d. Cancer Patients who have recovered from cancer.
e. Tea farmers who sell all kinds of teas to cancer patients.
10. In which paragraph does the author discuss about the effects of tea which can reduce
the death rate?
a. Paragraph 1.
b. Paragraph 2.
c. Paragraph 3.
d. Paragraph 4.
e. Paragraph 5.
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
One of the constant questions of childhood is “Why is the sky blue?” you may have
asked this as a Child, or you may have a child now asking you! The explanation begins the
ultimate source of light in on solar system: the Sun. Sunlight appears white, but this white
light is made up of all the color of the visible spectrum, ranging from the red through violet.
On this path through the atmosphere, sunlight is absorbed, reflected, and altered by different
elements, compounds, and particles. The color of the sky depends largely upon the
wavelength of the incoming light, but air molecule (mostly nitrogen and oxygen) and dust
particles also play important roles.
When the sun is high overhead, the bulk of its rays diverts the atmosphere at nearly
vertical angles. Shorter wavelength of light, such as violet blue, are more easily absorbed by
air molecules than light from longer wavelength (that is, from red, orange, ang yellow in the
spectrum). Air molecules than radiate violet and blue light in different directions, saturating
the sky. However, the midday sky appears blue, rather than a combination of blue and violet,
because our eyes are more sensitive to blue light than to violet light.
When the sun near the horizon at dawn and dusk, the sun’s rays strike the
atmosphere at more-slanted angles. Thus, these rays must travel a greater distance through
the atmosphere than they would at midday. As a result, there are more nitrogen and oxygen
molecules and other particles that can block and scatter incoming sunlight. During this long
passage, incoming radiation in the shorter blue and violet wavelength is mostly filtered out,
and the influence of these wavelengths over the color of the sky diminishes. What remains
are the longer wavelength. Some of these rays strike dust and other particles near the horizon
and the water droplets make up clouds, to create the red, orange, and yellow tints we enjoy at
sunrise and sunset.
11. What the purpose of the writer in writing the text?
a. To entertain the reader regarding childhood experience.
b. To give information about the color of the sky.
c. To explain the wavelength of light.
d. To argue about the color of the sky.
e. To compare the various color of the sky.
12. What does the writer infer about the sky?
a. We can only enjoy the sky during sunrise and sunset near horizon.
b. The sun is the crucial source of light in our sky.
c. Its light is made up of all different colors of the invisible spectrum.
d. Air molecule and other particles can block and scatter the incoming sunlight.
e. The color of the sky influenced by the angle of the sunrays.
13. Which is NOT TRUE about the sunlight?
a. When sunlight beams onto the earth, it diverts at upright and slanted angles
depending on the timing of the day.
b. The incoming radiation from the sunlight creates wavelength I different molecules.
c. Although it is white in appearance, sunlight consists of a wide variety of colors.
d. Sunlight can scatter in the air because other substances block it.
e. The sunrays strike the atmosphere at more-diverse angles when the sun is not high
overhead.
14. What the tone the text?
a. Critical.
b. Serious.
c. Complex.
d. Optimistic.
e. Informative.
15. Which of the following is he beast summary of the passage?
a. The mixture of elements, in the air and the wavelength of the incoming sunlight
affect the color of the sky. As a result the color of the sky changes throughout the
day.
b. The color of the sky depends solely on the elements, compounds, and particle
floating in the air. The position of the sun, however, should not be overlooked.
c. The sky appears blue because humans eyes are more sensitive to blue light than to
violet light. They are unable to perceive the violet color in the sky.
d. The wavelength of the incoming light from the sun will turn the color of the sky
blue. Nevertheless, this is not only reason why the sky is blue.
e. There is no simple explanation for children on way the sky is blue. It requires a lot
of scientific information to describe the reason.

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