A brief report on issues related to ICESCR in Nepal.

1. Right to self- determination

Among many, one of the important rights guaranteed by ICESCR is right to self determination.
However the status of right to self-determination is very vulnerable especially of indigenous,
ethnic, dalit and other minority people such as Majhi, (Fisherman), Raji, Kusunda( tribal
community) Santhal, Dhanuk, Dhimals, Gangais, Jhangads, Kisans, Urawas, Rajbanshis,
Tajpuriyas, Musahar, Majhis, Tharu in Jhapa, Morang and Kailai Districts. Doti, Achham,
Kailali inhabited by most of dalits and Haliyas aswellas Tharus (ndigenous). Ethnic
communities and situation of Terai-originated indigenous community is much more vulnerable
due to the recent movement .Terai is inhabited by indigenous communities such as Santhal,
Dhanuk, Dhimals, Gangais, Jhangads, Kisans, Urawas, Rajbanshis, Tajpuriyas, Musahar, Majhis,
Tharu the folk songs, folk dance and musical instruments which are cultural identity of such
indigenous communities are almost extinct. Not much initiation has been given to protect and
promote them; neither by state nor by community itself. and various other dalit castes. These
indigenous community in historical time were the owner of the terai region but due course of
time they lost it and most of them at present are landless. Most of them are now residing in
public land without having land certificate. They are excluded from getting any benefits from the
state because they became stateless due to not having citizenship. Day by day they are loosing
their native language since they are not in practice and use. Their voices had been seldom heard
and nothing had been done to protect their rights and promote their welfare. Due to unorganized,
scattered and minor communities they are unable to raise their voices collectively and claim their
rights of self-determination.

2. Non-discrimination
Discrimination is widespread in response to women and abovementioned community in Nepal
The society consisted by majority other cast and gender based attitude and practice. Day to day
discrimination, stigmatization oppression and suppression have shown them a second class
citizen and 'lower-status'. They lack decent social life and status. The status of dalit among dalit
Haliyas and female haliyas are more vulnerable and facing sever socio-economic discrimination
and labour exploitation and gender based exploitation. They are not allowed to fetch water from
the sources, good food during pregnancy and delivery and monthly period. That are used by
either so-called upper cast or male members There are many cases where female and dalit
community members were raped. Tortured and beaten and even forced out from the village due
to the reason. Dalits are not allowed to eat in public places and sit together with other people.
Although state had legally abolished untouchability but the implementation mechanism and
punishment for the offense is negligible.

3. Gender equality between man and women

There is huge gender gap in these communities since women's socio-economic status is very
vulnerable. The prevalence of domestic violence is very high since alcoholism is very common
among male members. Early marriage and forced marriage is also very common and also deep-
rooted into their customs. Number of children per family is also very high since women do not
have privilege to talk in this issue. The situation of women in Muslim community is even more
vulnerable where they are confined into their house's periphery. Polygamy is very common since
the male are religiously permitted to have more than one wife. Violence against women is also
very common as well as marriage at early age. Girl children are less preferred to send to the
schools.

The situation of women in even major ethnic communities who use their native language as
Maithili and Bhojpuri is also not favorable. They also have system similar of Muslim Pardha
system. Women generally are not allowed to show their face in front of elder family members
and intruders. Early marriage in all community is common and girl children are less favored for
education.This is growing trend due to the country conflict situation. There is still strong
traditional control for permitting women to work outside home. With the fear of dragging
women from these community girls were married at early age, and those were able to flee from
the community either displaced or forced them selves to be involved in unwanted business such
as beauty parlor , dance restaurant and massage parlor

4. Rights to work and employment

The situation of right to work and employment is very poor in these communities due to lack of
education, lack of marketable skills and abolition traditional employment opportunities. Most of
the male population as well as women population engage in daily wage labourers mainly in
agriculture sector. As agriculture sector provides seasonal wage labour only and could employ
for only 4-6 months, the rest of the month they have to find other unskilled job. But very few of
them get such job and many of them spend their time searching fish, crab etc in nearby stream
and paddy fields.

Due to unavailability of job in local market many of them also goes to Indian cities in search of
job but they suffer sever exploitation out there too. Those who came in loacal market in search of
job were compelled to work in non respectful field without their interest. This again forced them
to be cheated and exploited by their concern clients.and owners.
Almost none of these community members are employed in permanent jobs and the jobs offered
by state. Not having even minimum education and citizenship certificate does not allow them to
enter into such employment.

There are severe cases of exploitation on dalits in response to rights to work and employment.
Traditionally dalits in terai are supposed to work as sweeper, toilet cleaner and to dumping dead
animals. There were various incidences where the dalit community denied dumping such dead
animals and the so called upper cast community isolated them even forced to leave the village.
Those are severe cases of exploitation of their rights to employment since they have right to
choose the work by their own will.

Further, the country passed through regular strike, closures and agitations due to political
movement. Such strikes sometime went for a week or more long that forced to close every trade
sector. The most affected by such strikes were the daily wage laborers of these communities who
need to feed their family at evening by the income of same day. But they were unable to work
due to closures and strikes and had no other means to feed their families. They hardly get
employment in other sectors due to their 'untouchable' label and are forced to disguise
themselves to get other job.
5. Right to education and provision of compulsory education
The level of education and the number of children going to school is very low in those
communities. The first obstacle to send their children to school is birth registration certificate
which is necessary to enroll children in school; but they don't have so. The local authority
responsible to provide such certificate always hesitate because their parents do not have
citizenship certificate and also view them as 'Indian National'.

Further most of these communities live in remote areas where access to school is not easy. Even
if they have, they are under resourceful to accommodate more student; lacks enough school
room, enough teacher and enough text books which government claims to provide free of cost
for primary education. The parents are not much aware to send their children to school rather
they prefer to engage them in any work available. The children also find the schools
uninteresting because they will be taught in Nepali language and text books are also in Nepali so
they find it difficult to understand.
Dalits and women who got scholarship provision as special arrangement, seats for teacher
position in government and private school is also violated.
6. Adequate standard of living
As already mentioned above, their standard of living is very poor. Since most of them are
residing in public lands and habitation is very congested due to limited land versus number of
households. Their hut is merely capable to protect them from rain, wind and sun since they are
made up of dry grass, bamboo sticks and mud. Space within the hut is also very limited and very
hard to adjust a family within it. They always have to fear that how long they can reside there
since the land is not owned by them.

The situation of water and sanitation is more pathetic. They mostly rely on nearby stream or
small ponds to do their cleanings. For drinking water they need to carry from others tube well
although few of them owned some tube wells. There is no provision of toilet so defecation is
common on open field. Women face more problems for that since they can not perform such task
publicly.

Due to unhealthy water and sanitation situation of their health condition is very poor; especially
of children. They are commonly suffered from skin and gastro-enteritis dieses. Fever, diarrhea,
dysentery, measles, eye/ear infection are some major and common health problems. Shamanism
and faith healer is very common for curing diseases rather than using modern medicine. Even if
they wish to acquire modern health services they just have to disappoint because they can't afford
private medical services and government medical services are always running out of medicine
and health workers.

Another common health problem in Indian border area is unsafe treatment practice of fake health
workers from across the border. They visit door to door in order to give health services and
people easily accept it. Most of them are not trained and have any medical background but they
do offer services without any obstruction. In every treatment they inject saline water and inject
medicine. They use same needle for every patient and they do not have means or ideas to
sterilize it. Thus those people acquiring such services are at high risk of HIV infection and other
 communicable dieses. They commonly use high dose antibiotics and mostly expired and banned
medicines.

Most of the households lack adequate amount of food since majority of them is landless and they
have to rely on their limited wage earning to meet the demand. Even though who have limited
land, they are unable to produce enough to meet the need. They lack nutritious food such as
vegetables, meat and milk products. Those who give some time for fishing, collecting crab and
killing rats will have good supper. Most of the children and women are malnourished due to
insufficient and imbalance food. They can afford barely enough clothes to cover their body and
most of the small children can be seen naked.

7. Right to take part in cultural life

Although there has not seen direct restriction on cultural life but other different elements are to
more extent responsible for it. Prominently, they are loosing their indigenous knowledge and
skills. Their traditional dances, ornaments and costumes are almost at the verge of extinction.
Most of these communities have their own hand-knitted costumes but it could be scarcely seen
now a days. The new generation loosed the skills to knit, the equipment necessary for it and also
the raw materials. Although some are dragging it ahead but they find problems with raw material
and lack of its consumption; because the clothes available in market are cheaper than these
products.

Likewise, the folk songs, folk dance and musical instruments which are cultural identity of such
indigenous communities are almost extinct. Not much initiation has been given to protect and
promote them; neither by state nor by community itself. The young generation is not eager to learn
and practice them and old generation is not able to convince the new one whereas state has not
shown any urgency for it.
Issues of violation of Economic, Social, Cultural and Political
rights of people in East ,mid and far-western region of Nepal

Economic Social and Cultural Political

 Crops are destroyed by  Usually males in the rural area of far  No appropriate value of labor
draught, snow and snowball west and east work less and women  Lack of recognition of
(Ashina) resulted hunger/ have the overload of household indigenous herbals and lack of
hand to mouth problem activities and the conflict has also extension of these herbals
 There are no opportunities of contributed negatively more on the lives  Lack of identification of tourist
work in the village and of women. places and its publicity
community people have to go  Women have been suffered by the  Most of children in rural as well
India in search or work domestic violence's gender based as urban area are compelled to
 Destructions of land field by violence as conflicting situation and work as child labors
floods and river cutting, soil poor economic condition and males  Peoples have been displaced
erosion farmable fields have alcoholic habbit. due to conflict and other reason
been covered by  Increasing the trend of migration,  No appropriate policy of food
settlements/houses trafficking, prostitution and women and
 ethic communities are unorganized supply in the places of food
 Lack of market to sale the  the Dalits , are still not allowed to go in scarcity
agriculture productionin which the tap and wells of so called upper  Local and indigenous products
groups and CBOs are involved caste people have been being displaced due
 Lack of self employment  There is increasing trend of getting to the misunderstanding of
opportunities and unfair second marriage by male's early Rice( Rice is good than other
distribution of resources such marriage of female girl child with the food grains)
as rive and materials in the specific fear of joining in Maoist force  The programme of one
time of disaster. and other areas. Women are usually household – one employee is
 Most of the farmers have to rapped by the relatives, police, cadders not benefiting the people
take loan to manage their daily  There is the practice of child marriage  People do not get rice, but Rice
need, but the rate of interest on and dowry system in the villages of used to damaged in the godown
loan is increasing Terai. Due to early marriage, daughters due of lack of appropriate
 In the hilly regions the people have to leave school. In some places, distribution policy
could not get compensation of money and other goods are taken from  People used to looted at the
land cut by Roads, Agriculture boy against the marriage daughters time of returning from India in
roads ( There are several cases the boarder area
in Jumla road)  No security of disables, widows
 Some communities of Banke  Pregnant women does not get sufficient and old aged people
( Maganta, Kushbandiyas nutritious food and No care is given to  Misuse of pubic assets
kusunta,) dist. are rely on the pregnant women  Some people still could not get
begging for their food. citizenship card
 No opportunities for  By an large women are accused as  No access to the higher
alternative income witches and punished in the rural education to the students of
 There is the huge number of communities rural area
landless people in Terai region  There is the Haliya Customa type of  Labors/workers engaged in
 No equal access to education slavery in the hill districts of far western informal sectors have been
to marginalized communities region. Food grains given against being exploited due to not
 No access to road and Haliya work is not sufficient for whole having appropriate policies
transportation in the hill region family. It is the extreme exploitation of  There is the trend to have work
 People have option of market labour of Dalit people. without wages
and cold storage for the  Women are not allowed to eat  Some indigenous community
agriculture production nutritious food during and after people have no single piece of
( Jumla....) pregnancy.women are not able to buy land like Kushbandiya and
 The number of people selling food and their belongings because there Mangatas in Terai region
firewood for food and jungle is no assets by the name of women  In Dehati/Terain communities,
is being destroyed day by day They are only allowed to eat rice, salt most of the female have no
 Porters have lost their job and bread.Males do not take citizenship card
when Jeep service startedin the responsibility of taking care of their  Internally displaced people
working area. children, it is believed that this is the have not been returned their
 Some people have been job of women land after retuning their home
displaced in search of jobs in  In most of the districts of Karnali and  IDPs have lost their important
India and in other parts of seti zone, the women do the hard of documents like land
country when it has difficult to carrying goods. In the time of certificates, citizenship card etc.
fulfill daily needs by the Menstruation women have to stay in the
 General IDPs have not received
Traditional Professions like Chhauapdi( a small hut specially made
compensation whilst some elite
sewing, Iron works etc.. for women to stay while on her period)
IDPs have been compensated
 Low production in the farm in the far western region
by government
field due to lack of irrigation  Dalits are not allowed to sit inside the

 Decreasing the goat keeping house of so called higher caste not
 and Sheep keeping profession given milk etc. in some places of mid
 No rescue and other supports and far western region
are available after natural  The number of HIV positive in most of
disaster like flood, snow slide our working areas is increasing and
etc. they are not allowed to sit in the houses
 The people of buffer zones are there is no controle over of their own
suffered by the animals of bodies.
national parks, no option of  The trend of not taking care of old aged
compensation. people has been increasing, youth are
 Local productions and either joined in Maoist party or go to
indigenous foods have been international countries, only children
displaced by the fast foods like and elderly people are left behind in the
chowchow, biscuits..... original place.
 Children of lower classes have  There is discrimination among the
no opportunity of midday children of Dalits and no-dalits in some
meal. places.In some places, Millet and
 In the Himali region people PHAPAR is taken as untouchable food
have to be relied only on grains and it is believed as the food of
Potato. Dalits
 Indigenous voice on the language and
culture yet not heard from the state. The
folk songs, folk dance and musical
instruments which are cultural identity
of dalits and indigenous communities
are almost extinct. Not much initiation
has been given to protect and promoted
by state.

Note: The issues regarding the violation of Economic, Social, Cultural and Political rights have collected
and summarized based in the experiences of lWF staff and implementing partners.
A brief report on issues related to ICESCR in Nepal.

1. Right to self- determination

Among many, one of the important rights guaranteed by ICESCR is right to self determination.
However the status of right to self-determination is very vulnerable especially of indigenous,
ethnic, dalit and other minority people such as Majhi, (Fisherman), Raji, Kusunda( tribal
community) Santhal, Dhanuk, Dhimals, Gangais, Jhangads, Kisans, Urawas, Rajbanshis,
Tajpuriyas, Musahar, Majhis, Tharu in Jhapa, Morang and Kailai Districts. Doti, Achham,
Kailali inhabited by most of dalits and Haliyas aswellas Tharus (ndigenous). Ethnic
communities and situation of Terai-originated indigenous community is much more vulnerable
due to the recent movement .Terai is inhabited by indigenous communities such as Santhal,
Dhanuk, Dhimals, Gangais, Jhangads, Kisans, Urawas, Rajbanshis, Tajpuriyas, Musahar, Majhis,
Tharu the folk songs, folk dance and musical instruments which are cultural identity of such
indigenous communities are almost extinct. Not much initiation has been given to protect and
promote them; neither by state nor by community itself. and various other dalit castes. These
indigenous community in historical time were the owner of the terai region but due course of
time they lost it and most of them at present are landless. Most of them are now residing in
public land without having land certificate. They are excluded from getting any benefits from the
state because they became stateless due to not having citizenship. Day by day they are loosing
their native language since they are not in practice and use. Their voices had been seldom heard
and nothing had been done to protect their rights and promote their welfare. Due to unorganized,
scattered and minor communities they are unable to raise their voices collectively and claim their
rights of self-determination.

2. Non-discrimination
Discrimination is widespread in response to women and abovementioned community in Nepal
The society consisted by majority other cast and gender based attitude and practice. Day to day
discrimination, stigmatization oppression and suppression have shown them a second class
citizen and 'lower-status'. They lack decent social life and status. The status of dalit among dalit
Haliyas and female haliyas are more vulnerable and facing sever socio-economic discrimination
and labour exploitation and gender based exploitation. They are not allowed to fetch water from
the sources, good food during pregnancy and delivery and monthly period. That are used by
either so-called upper cast or male members There are many cases where female and dalit
community members were raped. Tortured and beaten and even forced out from the village due
to the reason. Dalits are not allowed to eat in public places and sit together with other people.
Although state had legally abolished untouchability but the implementation mechanism and
punishment for the offense is negligible.

3. Gender equality between man and women

There is huge gender gap in these communities since women's socio-economic status is very
vulnerable. The prevalence of domestic violence is very high since alcoholism is very common
among male members. Early marriage and forced marriage is also very common and also deep-
rooted into their customs. Number of children per family is also very high since women do not
have privilege to talk in this issue. The situation of women in Muslim community is even more
vulnerable where they are confined into their house's periphery. Polygamy is very common since
the male are religiously permitted to have more than one wife. Violence against women is also
very common as well as marriage at early age. Girl children are less preferred to send to the
schools.

The situation of women in even major ethnic communities who use their native language as
Maithili and Bhojpuri is also not favorable. They also have system similar of Muslim Pardha
system. Women generally are not allowed to show their face in front of elder family members
and intruders. Early marriage in all community is common and girl children are less favored for
education.This is growing trend due to the country conflict situation. There is still strong
traditional control for permitting women to work outside home. With the fear of dragging
women from these community girls were married at early age, and those were able to flee from
the community either displaced or forced them selves to be involved in unwanted business such
as beauty parlor , dance restaurant and massage parlor

4. Rights to work and employment

The situation of right to work and employment is very poor in these communities due to lack of
education, lack of marketable skills and abolition traditional employment opportunities. Most of
the male population as well as women population engage in daily wage labourers mainly in
agriculture sector. As agriculture sector provides seasonal wage labour only and could employ
for only 4-6 months, the rest of the month they have to find other unskilled job. But very few of
them get such job and many of them spend their time searching fish, crab etc in nearby stream
and paddy fields.

Due to unavailability of job in local market many of them also goes to Indian cities in search of
job but they suffer sever exploitation out there too. Those who came in loacal market in search of
job were compelled to work in non respectful field without their interest. This again forced them
to be cheated and exploited by their concern clients.and owners.
Almost none of these community members are employed in permanent jobs and the jobs offered
by state. Not having even minimum education and citizenship certificate does not allow them to
enter into such employment.

There are severe cases of exploitation on dalits in response to rights to work and employment.
Traditionally dalits in terai are supposed to work as sweeper, toilet cleaner and to dumping dead
animals. There were various incidences where the dalit community denied dumping such dead
animals and the so called upper cast community isolated them even forced to leave the village.
Those are severe cases of exploitation of their rights to employment since they have right to
choose the work by their own will.

Further, the country passed through regular strike, closures and agitations due to political
movement. Such strikes sometime went for a week or more long that forced to close every trade
sector. The most affected by such strikes were the daily wage laborers of these communities who
need to feed their family at evening by the income of same day. But they were unable to work
due to closures and strikes and had no other means to feed their families. They hardly get
employment in other sectors due to their 'untouchable' label and are forced to disguise
themselves to get other job.

5. Right to education and provision of compulsory education

The level of education and the number of children going to school is very low in those
communities. The first obstacle to send their children to school is birth registration certificate
which is necessary to enroll children in school; but they don't have so. The local authority
responsible to provide such certificate always hesitate because their parents do not have
citizenship certificate and also view them as 'Indian National'.

Further most of these communities live in remote areas where access to school is not easy. Even
if they have, they are under resourceful to accommodate more student; lacks enough school
room, enough teacher and enough text books which government claims to provide free of cost
for primary education. The parents are not much aware to send their children to school rather
they prefer to engage them in any work available. The children also find the schools
uninteresting because they will be taught in Nepali language and text books are also in Nepali so
they find it difficult to understand.
Dalits and women who got scholarship provision as special arrangement, seats for teacher
position in government and private school is also violated.
6. Adequate standard of living
As already mentioned above, their standard of living is very poor. Since most of them are
residing in public lands and habitation is very congested due to limited land versus number of
households. Their hut is merely capable to protect them from rain, wind and sun since they are
made up of dry grass, bamboo sticks and mud. Space within the hut is also very limited and very
hard to adjust a family within it. They always have to fear that how long they can reside there
since the land is not owned by them.

The situation of water and sanitation is more pathetic. They mostly rely on nearby stream or
small ponds to do their cleanings. For drinking water they need to carry from others tube well
although few of them owned some tube wells. There is no provision of toilet so defecation is
common on open field. Women face more problems for that since they can not perform such task
publicly.

Due to unhealthy water and sanitation situation of their health condition is very poor; especially
of children. They are commonly suffered from skin and gastro-enteritis dieses. Fever, diarrhea,
dysentery, measles, eye/ear infection are some major and common health problems. Shamanism
and faith healer is very common for curing diseases rather than using modern medicine. Even if
they wish to acquire modern health services they just have to disappoint because they can't afford
private medical services and government medical services are always running out of medicine
and health workers.

Another common health problem in Indian border area is unsafe treatment practice of fake health
workers from across the border. They visit door to door in order to give health services and
people easily accept it. Most of them are not trained and have any medical background but they
do offer services without any obstruction. In every treatment they inject saline water and inject
medicine. They use same needle for every patient and they do not have means or ideas to
sterilize it. Thus those people acquiring such services are at high risk of HIV infection and other
communicable dieses. They commonly use high dose antibiotics and mostly expired and banned
medicines.

Most of the households lack adequate amount of food since majority of them is landless and they
have to rely on their limited wage earning to meet the demand. Even though who have limited
land, they are unable to produce enough to meet the need. They lack nutritious food such as
vegetables, meat and milk products. Those who give some time for fishing, collecting crab and
killing rats will have good supper. Most of the children and women are malnourished due to
insufficient and imbalance food. They can afford barely enough clothes to cover their body and
most of the small children can be seen naked.

7. Right to take part in cultural life

Although there has not seen direct restriction on cultural life but other different elements are to
more extent responsible for it. Prominently, they are loosing their indigenous knowledge and
skills. Their traditional dances, ornaments and costumes are almost at the verge of extinction.
Most of these communities have their own hand-knitted costumes but it could be scarcely seen
 now a days. The new generation loosed the skills to knit, the equipment necessary for it and also
the raw materials. Although some are dragging it ahead but they find problems with raw material
and lack of its consumption; because the clothes available in market are cheaper than these
products.

Likewise, the folk songs, folk dance and musical instruments which are cultural identity of such
indigenous communities are almost extinct. Not much initiation has been given to protect and
promote them; neither by state nor by community itself. The young generation is not eager to learn
and practice them and old generation is not able to convince the new one whereas state has not
shown any urgency for it.
Issues of violation of Economic, Social, Cultural and Political
rights of people in East ,mid and far-western region of Nepal

Economic Social and Cultural Political

 Crops are destroyed by  Usually males in the rural area of far  No appropriate value of labor
draught, snow and snowball west and east work less and women  Lack of recognition of
(Ashina) resulted hunger/ have the overload of household indigenous herbals and lack of
hand to mouth problem activities and the conflict has also extension of these herbals
 There are no opportunities of contributed negatively more on the lives  Lack of identification of tourist
work in the village and of women. places and its publicity
community people have to go  Women have been suffered by the  Most of children in rural as well
India in search or work domestic violence's gender based as urban area are compelled to
 Destructions of land field by violence as conflicting situation and work as child labors
floods and river cutting, soil poor economic condition and males  Peoples have been displaced
erosion farmable fields have alcoholic habbit. due to conflict and other reason
been covered by  Increasing the trend of migration,  No appropriate policy of food
settlements/houses trafficking, prostitution and women and supply in the places of food
ethic communities are unorganized scarcity
 Lack of market to sale the  the Dalits , are still not allowed to go in  Local and indigenous products
agriculture productionin which the tap and wells of so called upper have been being displaced due
groups and CBOs are involved caste people to the misunderstanding of
 Lack of self employment  There is increasing trend of getting Rice( Rice is good than other
opportunities and unfair second marriage by male's early food grains)
distribution of resources such marriage of female girl child with the  The programme of one
as rive and materials in the specific fear of joining in Maoist force household – one employee is
time of disaster. and other areas. Women are usually not benefiting the people
 Most of the farmers have to rapped by the relatives, police, cadders  People do not get rice, but Rice
take loan to manage their daily  There is the practice of child marriage used to damaged in the godown
need, but the rate of interest on and dowry system in the villages of due of lack of appropriate
loan is increasing Terai. Due to early marriage, daughters distribution policy
 In the hilly regions the people have to leave school. In some places,  People used to looted at the
could not get compensation of money and other goods are taken from time of returning from India in
land cut by Roads, Agriculture boy against the marriage daughters the boarder area
roads ( There are several cases  No security of disables, widows
in Jumla road) and old aged people
 Some communities of Banke  Pregnant women does not get sufficient
 ( Maganta, Kushbandiyas nutritious food and No care is given to  Misuse of pubic assets
kusunta,) dist. are rely on the pregnant women  Some people still could not get
begging for their food. citizenship card
 No opportunities for  By an large women are accused as  No access to the higher
alternative income witches and punished in the rural education to the students of
 There is the huge number of communities rural area
landless people in Terai region  There is the Haliya Customa type of  Labors/workers engaged in
 No equal access to education slavery in the hill districts of far western informal sectors have been
to marginalized communities region. Food grains given against being exploited due to not
 No access to road and Haliya work is not sufficient for whole having appropriate policies
transportation in the hill region family. It is the extreme exploitation of  There is the trend to have work
 People have option of market labour of Dalit people. without wages
and cold storage for the  Women are not allowed to eat  Some indigenous community
agriculture production nutritious food during and after people have no single piece of
( Jumla....) pregnancy.women are not able to buy land like Kushbandiya and
 The number of people selling food and their belongings because there Mangatas in Terai region
firewood for food and jungle is no assets by the name of women  In Dehati/Terain communities,
is being destroyed day by day They are only allowed to eat rice, salt most of the female have no
 Porters have lost their job and bread.Males do not take citizenship card
when Jeep service startedin the responsibility of taking care of their  Internally displaced people
working area. children, it is believed that this is the have not been returned their
 Some people have been job of women land after retuning their home
displaced in search of jobs in  In most of the districts of Karnali and  IDPs have lost their important
India and in other parts of seti zone, the women do the hard of documents like land
country when it has difficult to carrying goods. In the time of certificates, citizenship card etc.
fulfill daily needs by the Menstruation women have to stay in the  General IDPs have not received
Traditional Professions like Chhauapdi( a small hut specially made compensation whilst some elite
sewing, Iron works etc.. for women to stay while on her period) IDPs have been compensated
 Low production in the farm in the far western region by government
field due to lack of irrigation  Dalits are not allowed to sit inside the 
 Decreasing the goat keeping house of so called higher caste not
and Sheep keeping profession given milk etc. in some places of mid
 No rescue and other supports and far western region
are available after natural  The number of HIV positive in most of
disaster like flood, snow slide our working areas is increasing and
etc. they are not allowed to sit in the houses
 The people of buffer zones are there is no controle over of their own
suffered by the animals of bodies.
national parks, no option of  The trend of not taking care of old aged
compensation. people has been increasing, youth are
 Local productions and either joined in Maoist party or go to
indigenous foods have been international countries, only children
displaced by the fast foods like and elderly people are left behind in the
chowchow, biscuits..... original place.
 Children of lower classes have  There is discrimination among the
no opportunity of midday children of Dalits and no-dalits in some
meal. places.In some places, Millet and
PHAPAR is taken as untouchable food
 In the Himali region people
grains and it is believed as the food of
have to be relied only on
Dalits
Potato.
  Indigenous voice on the language and
culture yet not heard from the state. The
folk songs, folk dance and musical
instruments which are cultural identity
of dalits and indigenous communities
are almost extinct. Not much initiation
has been given to protect and promoted
by state.

Note: The issues regarding the violation of Economic, Social, Cultural and Political rights have collected
and summarized based in the experiences of lWF staff and implementing partners.