NAME: APATAN, FRANCES CLAIRE A.

COURSE & SECTION: BSEd-1A

OPOL COMMUNITY COLLEGE

POBLACION, OPOL MISAMIS ORIENTAL

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

SY: 2020-2021

WRITTEN ACTIVITY

IN

STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH

MR. JOHN VINCENT R. BESAS

INSTRUCTOR OF STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH

DATE SUBMITTED:

JANUARY 10, 2021

I. Cite the nature of the 8 Parts of Speech by supplying the organizer below.

PART OF SPEECH DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES

1. Noun Nouns are words or phrases E.g. Claire, Philippines,
that are used to name an Playground, Paris, Grapes,
animal, person, place, abstract Table, etc.
idea, or thing.
There are 10 types of a
noun:
1. Common Noun 1. Common Noun- non- 1. E.g. man, city, religion, etc.
specific, people, places,
things, ideas. 2. E.g. Michael Jackson,
2. Proper Noun 2. Proper Noun- specific Canada, etc.
people, places, things.
3. Abstract Noun 3. Abstract Noun- something 3. E.g. belief, love, happiness,
that you cannot perceive with pride, etc.
your five senses.
4. Concrete Noun 4. E.g. grapes, lion, eyes,
4. Concrete Noun- something
that you can perceive with flower, etc.
5. Countable Noun your five senses.
5. Countable Noun- can be 5. E.g. pencil/s, apple/s, train,
counted. clock, etc.
6. Uncountable Noun 6. E.g. milk, music, food, water,
6. Uncountable Noun- cannot
be counted. snow, rice, etc.
7. Compound Noun 7. E.g. sunflower, textbook,
7. Compound Noun- made up
of two or smaller words. snowball, snowball, etc.
8. Collective Noun
8. Collective Noun- refers to a 8. E.g. flock, audience, family,
group of things as a whole. bunch, group, etc.
9. Singular Noun
9. Singular Noun- refer to one 9. E.g. donkey, dog, hen,
person, place, thing, or idea. monkey, hero, etc.
10. Plural Noun
10. Plural Noun- refer to more 10. E.g. dogs, cats, ships,
than one person, place, thing, babies, etc.
or idea.

2. Pronoun A pronoun takes the place of E.g. I, me, she, herself, you, it,
the name of a person or object that, they, each, few, many,
(noun). who, whoever, someone,
somebody, whose, everybody,
etc.
There are 8 types of
pronoun:
1. Personal Pronoun 1. Personal Pronoun- used for 1. E.g. I, me, mine, we, us, our,
a specific object or person. ours, etc.
2. Indefinite Pronoun 2. Indefinite Pronoun- used to 2. E.g. each, everyone, no one,
show unspecified objects or every, either, few.
people, whether in plural or
singular.
3. Relative Pronoun 3. Relative Pronoun- used to 3. E.g. who, that, which, who,
join or relate two different whom, etc.
 clauses together by referring
to the noun in the previous
clause using the pronouns.
4. Interrogative Pronoun
4. Interrogative Pronoun- used 4. E.g. who, whom, whose,
to ask questions about a what, which.
person or object that we do
5. Demonstrative Pronoun not know about.
5. Demonstrative Pronoun- 5. E.g. this, that, these, those.
Used to show or identify one
6. Reflexive Pronoun or several nouns that may be
far or near in distance or time. 6. E.g. myself, themselves,
6. Reflexive Pronoun- used to yourself, ourselves, etc.
indicate a noun that has been
7. Emphatic Pronoun used in an earlier part of the
same sentences. 7. E.g. The Queen herself went
7. Emphatic Pronoun- refer to the gathering. (The Queen is
back to another thing (or the thing being underlined. It is
pronoun) in the sentence to known as the predecessor of the
8. Possessive Pronoun underscore it. determined pronoun).
8. E.g. whose, whosoever,
8. Possessive Pronoun- show whosesoever.
that something belongs to
someone.

3. Verb A verb is a word that describes E.g. (lay, believe, play, made,
the action in a sentence. go through, think, do, should,
Doing or action words. etc.).
; I think it is time to go home.
There are 4 types of Verb:
1. Action Verb 1. Action Verb 1. e.g. kick, dive, lift, hop, juggle,
etc.
2. Principal Parts of the 2. Principal Parts of the Verbs
Verbs Past Past-
Past bite, burst, begin.
Present Participle Present Participle-
Present Participle biting, bursting, beginning.
Past Past-
Past bit, burst, began.
Past Participle Past Participle-
Past Participle bitten, burst, begun.
3. Regular Verb 3. Regular Verb when forming 3. e.g.
the past tense of regular Live - Lived,
verbs, add- d or ed to the Stare - Stared,
present tense form of the verb. Stay - Stayed,
4. Irregular Verb Play - Played.
4. Irregular Verbs have special
4. e.g.
past tense forms. They do not
teach-taught,
end in - d or
drink-drank,
- ed. You will need to
wear-wore,
memorize these special forms.
fly-flew.
4. Adverb An adverb is a part of speech E.g. (slowly, easily, almost,
that describes or modifies a entirely, towards, there, never,
verb, an adjective, or another sometimes, today, last year,
 adverb, clause, or sentence. etc.).
; The turtle walked slowly.

1. How? - In what manner of 1. e.g. angrily, anxiously,

1. How? way. cautiously, cruelly, etc.
2. When? - Used as 2. e.g. again, before, early,
2. When? conjunction meaning. lately, recently, etc.
3. How often? - How often or 3. e.g. always, annually, daily,
3. How often? frequently. constantly, etc.
4. Where? - To what place or 4. e.g. around, inside, below,
4. Where? position. down, etc.
5. Adjective E.g. blue car, long rope, last
An adjective is a word that week, this town, one second,
describes or gives more several people, etc.
information about a noun or a
There are 8 types of
pronoun.
Adjective

1.Demonstrative Adjective 1. Demonstrative Adjective- 1. E.g. this, that, those, etc.

used to determine or show
pronouns like "that", "this",
"these", "those".

2. Indefinite Adjective
2. Indefinite Adjective- on the 2. E.g. each, many, any, some,
off chance that something's etc.
neither precise nor clear about
the tally of the articles.
3. Possessive Adjective
3. Possessive Adjective- 3. E.g. I, you, he, she, my, your,
depict where does the item his, her, etc.
has a place. So they show the
strict pronoun use in the
sentence.
4. Interrogative Adjective
4. E.g. whose, which, what.
4. Interrogative Adjective-
indicate the inquiry types with
respect to wh resembles
"what?", "which?", "whose?"
5. Numerical Adjective
5. Numerical Adjective
1. Cardinal 5. Numerical Adjective 1. Cardinal: e.g. Three piece
1. Cardinal: (one, two, three, cheese.
2. Ordinal four, etc.). 2. Ordinal: e.g. Palawan is one
of the seven natural wonders of
2. Ordinal: (first, second, third, the world.
fourth, etc.).
6. Descriptive Adjective 6. E.g. fun park, solemn church,
6.Descriptive Adjective - red apple, etc.
resemble the overall ones
which depict the two things
and pronouns. 7. E.g. Many of the sailors were
7. Proper Adjective English.
7. Proper Adjective- is a word
that changes things and
8. Royal Order of pronouns and is framed from a
formal person, place, or thing. 8. E.g. whose, whosoever,
Adjective 8. Royal Order of Adjective whosesoever.
1. e.g. nice, cool, lovely,
1. Opinion 1. Opinion- attitude/ delicious, etc.
observations
2. e.g. big, small, huge, tiny, etc.
2. Size 2.Size- size/height

3. Shape 3. Shape- shape/weight/length 3. e.g. round, square, long, fat,

etc.
4. Condition 4. Condition- condition/state 4. e.g. wet, rich, hungry, clean,
etc.
5. Age 5. Age- How old? 5. e.g. young, new, old, antique,
etc.
6. Colour 6. Colour- approximate color
6. e.g. red, blue, white, grey,
7. Pattern etc.
7. Pattern- pattern/design
7. e.g. checked, flowery, zigzag,
8. Origin 8. Origin- Where from? spotted, etc.
8. e.g. Arabic, American,
9. Material 9. Material- Where made? Turkish, Brazilian, etc.
9. e.g. gold, wooden, synthetic,
10. Purpose 10. Purpose- What it is used plastic, etc.
for? 10. e.g. leisure, gardening,
11. Noun 11. Noun- A thing. riding, etc.
11. e.g. bag, dress, vase, etc.
6. Conjunction A conjunction is used to E.g. (since, both, and, because,
connect words, phrases, but, for, until, however, etc.).
clauses, or sentences. ; Michaela can both read and
write.

1. Coordinating 1. Coordinating Conjunction- 1. e.g. FANBOYS: For, And,

Conjunction connect equivalent pieces of a Nor, But, Or, Yet, So.
sentence, be it words,
expressions, or free
provisions.

2. Correlative Conjunction 2. Correlative Conjunction- 2. e.g. neither=nor, either=or,

work two by two to combine both=and, whether=or, not
words or expressions that only=but also, etc.
include equivalent significance
inside a sentence.
3. Subordinating
Conjunction 3. Subordinating Conjunction- 3. e.g. after, once, until,
interface a needy statement to although, since, where, unless,
a free proviso, assisting with etc.
indicating the connection
between the two provisos and
underscore the principle
thought.
7. Preposition A preposition is a word that E.g. (with, from, despite,
shows a relationship between towards, about, between, within,
a noun or pronoun and some along, etc.).
other word in the sentence. ; The girls are playing in the
yard.

1. Prepositions of Time 1. Prepositions of Time- used to 1. e.g. Days (Monday, Friday,

 show the connection between thing etc.), Months (January, March,
expression and relational word with etc.), Time (9 o’clock).
regards to any time.

2. Prepositions of Place 2. Prepositions of Place- used 2. e.g. Avenues (Mt. Avenue,

to show the relationship with North Avenue, etc.), Countries
the thing expression with (Peru, Europe, etc.).
regards to the spot.
3. Prepositions of
Movement 3. Prepositions of Movement- 3. e.g. across, around, up,
or on the other hand course down, over, out, etc.
are utilized to show
development starting with one
spot then onto the next.
8. Interjection An interjection is a word or E.g. (Hey!, yuck! oh no! wow!
phrase that conveys emotion phew! ouch! etc.).
and feelings. ; Wow! That’s great news!

I. Fill in the Venn Diagram showing the similarities and differences of any of the 50
Common Usage Problems
 VENN DIAGRAM

Similarities
# 3: Advice; Advise
- Advice means “opinion”. Both refer - Advise means “to give opinion”.
to “opinion”.
# 4: Affect Effect
-Affect means “to influence”. Both refer to change -Effect means “result”.
# 9: Among Between
-Among always implies three Both prepositions. -Used with only two or more.
# 17: Bring Take
-Bring means “to carry from a Both refers to -Take means to “carry from
a distant place or nearer one. “carry something” near to a more distant place”.
# 49: When: -Both Where
-When the point “when will you Interrogative -Where what circumstance,
Return?” position, etc.

III. Draw the Parts of Speech Organs- insert your captured photo and give its functions.

The Parts of Speech Organs

1. Nasal Cavity- in oral sounds, clammy air is removed through oral depression (mouth). Normally
the velum is raised at the rear of the mouth to hinder the suction of air into the nasal pit.
In nasal sounds, the velum is brought down, to permit wind stream through the nasal hole. In
English, nasal consonants are joined by the impeding of wind current through the oral hole.
2. Alveolar Ridge- is essentially a hard edge behind the upper front teeth. It is between the top of
the mouth and the upper teeth. You can feel its shape with your tongue. Its surface is truly a lot
more unpleasant than it feels and is covered with little edges. For the sound/s/, air from the lungs
goes ceaselessly through the mouth, however, the tongue is raised adequately near the alveolar
edge to cause contact as it halfway squares the air that passes. Also, sounds made with the
tongue contacting here, (for example, t and d) are called alveolar.
3. Lips- incorporate the upper lip and lower lip. They serve for making various sounds - chiefly the
labial, bilabial for example /p/,/b/,/m/, and/w/, labio-dental consonant sounds e. g. /f/and/v/adjusted
to deliver the lip-shape for vowels like/u/and in this manner make a significant piece of the
discourse mechanical assembly.
4. Teeth- are liable for making sounds predominantly the labio-dental (tongue contacting the front
teeth) for example /f/and/v/and lingua-dental for example /ð/and/θ/.
5. Tongue- is a significant articulator and it very well may be moved into various spots and various
shapes. Its development in the oral cavity has a significant influence on the creation of pretty much
every discourse sound. Normally, it is partitioned into various parts: tip, cutting edge, front, back,
and root.
6. Hard Palate- is a dainty level hard plate of the skull, situated in the top of the mouth. It is
regularly called the "top of the mouth". Its smooth bent surface can felt with the tongue. The
cooperation between the tongue and the hard sense of taste is fundamental in the arrangement of
certain discourse sounds, outstandingly /t/,/d/, and/j/.
7. Oral Cavity- controls the state of words. At the rear of the oval hole on the top of the mouth is
the delicate sense of taste or velum. At the point when you articulate oral sounds, for example,
"feline" or "pack," the velum is situated in the up situation to hinder wind current through the nasal
cavity.
8. Velum- velum or delicate sense of taste is in a place that permits air to go through the nose and
the mouth. Frequently in the discourse, it is raised so that air can't escape through the nose. Its
mains work is to isolate the nasal depression from the oral cavity to deliver oral discourse sounds.
If this division is inadequate, air escapes through the nose during the discourse, and the discourse
is seen as hypernasal. The other significant thing about the velum is that it is one of the
articulators that can be moved by the tongue. At the point when we make the sounds k and g the
tongue is in contact with the lower side of the velum, and we call these velar consonants.
9. Uvula- the hanging ball's complete name is the "palatine uvula," alluding to its area on your
delicate sense of taste. It works pair with the rear of the throat, the sense of taste, and air coming
up from the lungs to make various throaty and different sounds. In numerous dialects, it closes to
keep air from getting away through the nose when making a few sounds.
10. Pharynx- the pharynx works with the other discourse organs and muscles to deliver
introductory sounds, while it likewise assumes the job of a reverberating organ.
11. Epiglottis- over the larynx is a fold considered the epiglottis that stops the windpipe when we
swallow. At the point when the epiglottis is collapsed back far removed, the pieces of the larynx
that are associated with discourse creation can be seen.
12. Vocal Cords- there are two slim sheets of tissue that stretch in a V-molded design from the
front to the rear of the larynx. These are known as the vocal folds. (You'll regularly hear vocal
"ropes," which is doesn't precisely pass on how the muscle works.) The space between the vocal
folds is known as the glottis. The vocal folds can be situated in various manners to make
discourse sounds.
13. Larynx (Voicebox)- the larynx, all the more ordinarily known as the voice box or Adam's
apple, is pivotal in the creation and separation of discourse sounds. The larynx is situated
precisely where the throat splits between the windpipe (the windpipe), which prompts the lungs,
and the throat (the cylinder that conveys food or beverages to the stomach).
14. Glottis- the blend of vocal overlap and space in the middle of the folds is known as glottis. As
the vocal folds vibrate, the subsequent vibration creates a "humming" quality to the discourse
called voice or voicing or elocution. Sound creation including just the glottis is called glottal. A
model is the sound/h/. The vibration delivered is a basic segment of voiced consonants just as
vowels. If the vocal folds are drawn separated, wind currents between them causing no vibration,
as in the creation of voiceless consonants.
The glottis is likewise significant in the Valsalva move.
Voiced consonants incorporate /v/,/z/,/ʒ/,/d͡ʒ/,/ð/,/b/,/d/,/ɡ/,/w/.
Voiceless consonants incorporate /f/,/s/,/ʃ/,/t͡ʃ/,/θ/,/p/,/t/,/k/,/ʍ/, and/h/.
Paraphrase and retrieved from http://scrib.com
IV. Illustrate the Vietor Triangle of the English Vowel Sounds

Source: http://theglassblock.com

A Vietor Triangle (otherwise called the Vowel Triangle) is a schematic portrayal of vowel sounds,
made by Wilhelm Vietor (1850-1918, German philologist and phonetician).
It shows the situation of the tongue and jaw as per the vowel sound(s) required when talking.
V. Make a Mind-Map of the things you learn in Linguistics. Your center word would be
LINGUISTICS. Be creative in doing your organizer.

Structure of predication
Structure of complementation
Phoneme smallest unit of sound.
Allophones are variants or other ways of producing a

Structure of modification

Syntax Phonology studies

studies the way Structure of coordination
the combination of
phrases, sounds.
clauses, and
sentences are
constructed.

Phonetics- how sounds

are articulated by the
human speech Free morphemes can
mechanism. stand on their own as
independent words,

Is the study of
language. LINGUISTICS

Bound morphemes cannot stand on their own as independ

Pragmatics
studies how
language is used
in real Semantics
communication. analyze the
structure of
meaning in
language.

Discourse- studies
chunks of language
which are bigger than a
single sentence.

Morphology - studies
patterns of forming
words by combining
sounds into minimal
distinctive units of
meanings called
morphemes.

Lexical ambiguity – refers to the characteristic of a word that has more than one meaning.
Syntactic ambiguity – refers to the characteristic of a phrase that has more than one
VI. Give 5 example words of each of the Vowel, Consonant, and Diphthong.

Task A: Vowels
/ i /- breathe, amoeba, legal, Caesar, niece. High- Front- Unrounded Vowels.
/ ɪ /- business, myth, women, climate, bit. High- Front- Unrounded Vowels.
/ e /- steak, bait, flame, whey, status. Middle- Front- Unrounded Vowels.
/ ɜ /- leopard, said, any, friend, bury. Middle- Front- Unrounded Vowels.
/ æ /- glamour, cram, plan, plaid, wagon. Low- Front- Unrounded Vowels.
/ ə /- blush, young, mother, southern, cup. Middle- Central- Unrounded Vowels.
/ ɔ /- alter, jaw, bald, audience, bought. Low- Back- Rounded Vowels.
/ o /- mauve, soap, flow, pole, roe. Middle- Back- Rounded Vowels.
/ ʊ /- cook, good, should, bullet, sure. High- Back- Rounded Vowels.
/ u /- boot, wound, loose, shoe, brew. High- Back- Rounded Vowels.

Task B: Consonants
These Consonants is Voiceless:
/ p /- pay, cap, pencil, pause, pen Stop- Oral- Voiceless- Bilabial Consonants.
/ t /- late, tap, time, train, tow. Stop- Oral- Voiceless- Interdental Consonants.
/ k /- kite, sock, cash, quick, cricket. Stop- Oral- Voiceless- Velar Consonants.
/ f /- off , Friday, fish, full, knife. Fricative- Voiceless- Labiodental Consonants.
/ s /- see, sea, face, missing, seal. Fricative- Voiceless- Alveolar Consonants.
/ h /- hat, hill, hello, high, help. Fricative- Voiceless- Glottal Consonants.

These Consonants are Voiced:

/ b /- ball, bubble, bag,  build, robe. Stop- Oral- Voiced- Bilabial Consonants.
/ d /- feed, door, day, drive, dog. Stop- Oral- Voiced- Alveolar Consonants.
/ g /- grapes, flag, grass, green, girl. Stop- Oral- Voiced- Velar Consonants.
/ v /- cave, van, village, view, vest. Fricative- Voiced -Labiodental Consonants.
/ w /- wear, world, wall, walk, wine. Glide- Voiced- Bilabial or Velar Consonants.
/ z /- nose, zebra, zoo, crazy, lazy. Fricative- Voiced- Alveolar Consonants.
/ n /- turn, now, nobody, knew, noon. Nasal- Voiced- Alveolar Consonants.
/ m /- mail, moon, more, mother, room. Nasal- Voiced- Bilabial Consonants.
/ r /- reel, road, roses, river, ride. Liquid- Voiced- Central- Alveolar Consonants.
/ j /- yard, yellow, tune, usual, yesterday. Affricate- Voiced- Palatal Consonants.
/ ŋ /- swimming, sing, king, thing, song. Nasal- Voiced- Alveolar Consonants.
/ l /- love, melt, law, lots, cold. Liquid- Voiced- Lateral- Alveolar Consonants.

Task C: Diphthongs
/ eɪ /- date /deɪt/, name /neɪm/, able /eɪdʒ/, eight /eɪt/, agent /ˈeɪdʒәnt/. 
/ oʊ /- home /hoʊm/, phone /foʊn/, global / ˈɡloʊ/, over  /oʊvɚɹ/, almost  /ɔlmoʊst/, also /ɔsoʊ/.
/ aʊ /- clown /klaʊn/, bounce /baʊns/, ounce /aʊns/, coward /ˈkaʊəd/, stout /staʊt/.
/ ɪə /- industrial /ɪnˈdʌstɹɪəl/, hear /hɪə(ɹ)/, series /ˈsɪə.ɹiːz/, royal /ˈɹɔɪəl/, idea /aɪˈdɪə/.
/ ɔɪ /- boy /bɔɪ/, choice /ʧɔɪs/, toys /tɔɪz/, noice /nɔɪs/, unemployment /ənɛmplɔɪmɛn/.
/ eə /- care /kɛə/, scary /ˈskeəriː/, debonair /dɛbəˈneə(ɹ)/, airless /eə(ɹ).ləs/, pare /peə(ɹ)/.
/ aɪ /- time /taɪm/, life /laɪf/, quite /kwaɪt/, provide /pɹəˈvaɪd/, mind /maɪnd/.
/ ʊə /- during /ˈpaʊə(ɹ)/, usually /ˈjuːʒʊəli/, security /sɪˈkjʊəɹəti/, hour /ˈaʊə(ɹ)/, ensure /ɪnˈʃʊə/.
/ ʈʃ /- choke- /ʧoʊk/, watching /wɒ.tʃɪŋ/, catch /kætʃ/, church , cheese
/ dʒ /- large- /lɑːdʒ/, joke- /ʤoʊk/, damage- /ˈdæ.mɪdʒ/, major /ˈmeɪdʒər/, garage /ɡəˈrɑːdʒ/.
VII. State the twenty (20) Rules of Subject-Verb Agreement and give 2 examples per rule.

SINGULAR PLURAL
NOUN Bird Birds
VERB Jumps Jump

1. Subjects and verbs must agree in number. This is the cornerstone rule that forms the
background of the concept.

The child plays in the playground.

The children play in the playground.

2. Don’t get confused by the words that come between the subject and verb; they do not affect
agreement.

The cat, who is scratching on my mantel, is usually very cute.

The bird, who is chewing on my lap, is usually very sweet.

3. Prepositional phrases between the subject and verb usually do not affect agreement.

The shadows of the cloud are gloomy.

The beach on Palawan is mesmerizing.

4. When sentences start with “there” or “here,” the subject will always be placed after the verb, so
care needs to be taken to identify it correctly.

There is trouble in the company. Here are the next steps to be done.

There is a problem with the engine. Here are the tools to be used.

5. Subjects don't always come before verbs in questions. Make sure you accurately identify the
subject before deciding on the proper verb form to use.

Does Sheila usually eat a vegetable?

Where are the papers on the table?

6. If two subjects are joined by and, they typically require a plural verb form.

The dog and the cat are fighting again in the street.
The t-shirt and the pants are hanging under the sun.

7. The verb is singular if the two subjects are separated by and refer to the same person or thing.

Beef siomai and takoyaki is my friend’s favorite street food.

Sky blue and pink is Kim’s favorite color.

8. If the words each, every, or no come before the subject, the verb is singular.
No littering and spitting are allowed. Every man and woman is required to be check.

No proper dress code and I.D. are allowed. Every male and female student is requested to follow.

9. If the subjects are both singular and are connected by the words or, nor, neither/nor, either/or,
and not only/but also the verb is singular.

Tom or Jack is to praise for the championship.

Kim or Jess is to celebrate the success of the game.

10. The only time when the object of the preposition factors into the decision of plural or singular
verb forms is when noun and pronoun subjects like some, half, none, more, all, etc. are followed
by a prepositional phrase. In these sentences, the object of the preposition determines the form of
the verb.

All of the flock is gone. All of the flocks are gone.

All of the pack is gone. All of the packs are gone

11. The singular verb form is usually used for units of measurement.

Four quarts of flour were needed to meet the exact size.

Four quarts of gas was required to get the oven running.

12. If the subjects are both plurals and are connected by the words or, nor, neither/nor, either/or,
and not only/but also, the verb is plural.

Squirrels and hamsters are both cute to have in my house.

Dogs and cats are both sustainable to feed.

13. If one subject is singular and one plural and the words are connected by the words or, nor,
neither/nor, either/or, and not only/but also, you use the verb form of the subject that is nearest the
verb.

Kim’s brothers or his boyfriend (watch, watches) movie.

Stephanie’s sisters or his aunt (buy, buys) vegetable.

14. Indefinite pronouns typically take singular verbs.

Somebody wants to be dated.

Everyone provides to be ready.

15. * Except for the pronouns (few, many, several, both) that always take the plural form.

Few were left busy after the campaign.

Few were left broken after the session.

16. If two infinitives are separated and they take the plural form of the verb.

To study and to listen to music require great skill.

To sing and to dance needs a great focus.

17. When gerunds are used as the subject of a sentence they take the singular verb form of the
verb, but when they are linked by and they take the plural form.

Sleeping on a vacation was a bad decision. Reading in the hammock and playing guitar are my
hobbies.

Sweeping the whole house was quite tiring. Gardening in the field and bird-watching are my
mom’s favorites.

18. Collective nouns like the herd, senate, class, crowd, etc. usually take a singular verb form.

The parliament is sleeping.

The army is hopping.

19. Titles of books, movies, novels, etc. are treated as singular and take a singular verb.

The Best of Me is a movie starring Michelle Monaghan.

The Trolls 2020 is a movie by Universal Picture.

20. Final Rule – Remember, only the subject affects the verb!

The number – Singular The tree tea.

A number – Plural A house of a bird.

VIII. Give the Basic and Progressive Tenses of the Verb and enlist 3 example
sentences for each tense.
Basic Tenses of the Verb
PAST TENSE
Examples:
1. sang
2. saw
3. called
Sample Sentences:
1. She sang so gracefully.
2. The nurse saw her patients.
3. Jessica called her mother for good news.
PRESENT TENSE
Examples:
1. singing
2. seeing
3. calling
Sample Sentences:
1. She is singing so gracefully.
2. The nurse is seeing her patients.
3. Jessica is calling her mother for good news.
FUTURE TENSE
Examples:
1. sung
2. see
3. call
Sample Sentences:
1. She sung so gracefully.
2. The nurse’s see her patients.
3. Jessica call her mother for good news.
Progressive Forms of Tenses of the Verb
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE:
1. She is singing so gracefully.
2. The nurse is seeing her patients.
3. Jessica is calling her mother for good news.

PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE:

1. She was singing so gracefully.
2. The nurse was seeing her patients.
3. Jessica was calling her mother for good news.

FUTURE PROGRESSIVE TENSE:

1. She will be singing so gracefully.
2. The nurse will be seeing her patients.
3. Jessica will be calling her mother for good news.

PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE:

1. She has been singing so gracefully.
2. The nurse has been seeing her patients.
3. Jessica has been calling her mother for good news.

PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE:

1. She had been singing so gracefully.
2. The nurse had been seeing her patients.
3. Jessica had been calling her mother for good news.

FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE:

1. She will have been singing so gracefully.
2. The nurse will have been seeing her patients.
3. Jessica will have been calling her mother for good news.
IX. Choose a short paragraph about any topic/theme/title of an article found in
any newspaper/magazine. Carefully discuss the grammatical structure of each
sentence. Use your background knowledge of basic grammar structures. Make
sure to provide the source and the page number.
“You Are Not Alone”
Scott Dinsmore: A Tribute
Atomic Habits
August – October 2017
Page 42
Author: James Clear
Online Article

“You Are Not Alone”

During one of our regular call a few months ago, Scott said something
that I immediately wrote down and placed at the top of my mission statement.
“People just don't want to do this journey solo.” We all need to be surrounded
by people who can support our dreams. We all need to connect with someone
and think, “You understand me.” Scott used Live Your Legend to build a
space where connections like that could happen. He fostered understanding,
meaning, and connection for people all around the world. To his wonderful
wife Chelsea, you don’t have to do this journey solo. I'm here to talk, to
support, to help. That's true today. It's true in a month. It's true in a year. And I
know you already know this, but let me tell you again: Scott adored you. He
loved you fully. He was constantly talking about how lucky he was for
“marrying up.” And to Scott, wherever you are now, you didn’t make this
journey solo and you won’t make the next one alone either.

LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS:

1. During one of our regular call a few months ago, Scott said something that I
immediately wrote down and placed at the top of my mission statement.
 “During one of our regular call a few months ago,” - dependent clause.
 “Scott said something that I immediately wrote down and placed at the top of
my mission statement” – is the main clause.
 During - is a preposition.
 One - is a determiner.
 Of - is a preposition.
 Our - is a pronoun and possessive determiner.
 Regular - is an adjective.
 Call - is a transitive verb
 “a few months ago” - is a preposition of time.
 “Scott said something that I immediately wrote down and placed at the top of
my mission statement” - is a passive voice.
 “People just don't want to do this journey solo.” – is an active voice used.
 “She offered two pieces of advice” - is a passive voice used.
2. We all need to be surrounded by people who can support our dreams.
 “in life” is a prepositional phrase modifying “problems and concerns.”
 “We all need” is a collective noun with the distributive phrase modifying
“surrounded by people”.
 To- is a preposition.
 Be- is an auxiliary or linking verb.
 Who- is an interrogative pronoun.
 Can- is a helping verb used.
 Support- is a transitive verb modifying the attribute “dreams”.
 Our- is a possessive determiner.
3. We all need to connect with someone and think, “You understand me.” Scott
used Live Your Legend to build a space where connections like that could
happen.
 “We all need to connect with someone and think” - dependent clause.
 “You understand me.” - is an active voice. 
 “Scott used Live Your Legend to build a space where connections like that
could happen” - is a passive voice.
 “build” is a noun phrase modifying the noun “space”.
 Like – is a preposition.
 That – is a demonstrative determiner.
 Could - is a helping verb used.
 Happen – is a transitive verb.
4. He fostered understanding, meaning, and connection for people all around the
world.
 “He fostered understanding, meaning, and connection for people all around
the world.” – is a passive voice.
 He - is a personal pronoun.
 “fostered understanding, meaning, and connection” is a descriptive phrase
modifying “people” a collective noun.
 All – is a distributive determiner.
 Around – is a preposition of movement.
 The – is a definite determiner.
 World – is a common noun.
5. To his wonderful wife Chelsea, you don’t have to do this journey solo. I'm here
to talk, to support, to help.
 “To his wonderful wife Chelsea” – is the main clause.
 “you don’t have to do this journey solo” -- is the dependent clause.
 “I'm here to talk, to support, to help” – is an active voice.
6. That's true today. It's true in a month. It's true in a year.
 “That's true today. It's true in a month. It's true in a year.” – are used to
describe the preposition of time.
 That – is a demonstrative determiner.
 In – is a preposition of movement.
 Are – is used as a linking verb.
 A – is a definite determiner.
7. And I know you already know this, but let me tell you again: Scott adored you.
He loved you fully.
 “And I know you already know this, but let me tell you again: Scott adored
you. He loved you fully” – is an active voice used.
 “Scott adored you. He loved you fully” – is a declarative sentence used.
8. He was constantly talking about how lucky he was for “marrying up.” And to
Scott, wherever you are now, you didn’t make this journey solo and you won’t
make the next one alone either.
 “He was constantly talking about how lucky he was for “marrying up.” – is a
passive voice.
 “And to Scott, wherever you are now, you didn’t make this journey solo and
you won’t make the next one alone either.- is the dependent clause used.
 “marrying up” a transitive verb inflection.

---------------------------BEST OF LUCK!!!---------------------------
SIR VINCE 