NAGA CITY SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

SCIENCE 9
QUARTER 4, WEEK 1

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the nature of Physics. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module includes:

● Lesson 1 – Horizontal and Vertical Motions of a Projectile

● Lesson 2 - Relationship Between the Angle of Release and the Height and
Range of the Projectile

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. know the definition of a projectile motion;

2. describe the horizontal and vertical components of the velocity of a

projectile (S9-FE-IVa-34);
3. describe numerically the various features associated with a projectile’s
trajectory (e.g., components of displacement, velocity and acceleration);
4. use kinematic equations to analyze and solve horizontally-launched
projectile problems; and
5. apply projectile motion to daily activities.
6. investigate the relationship between the angle of release and the height and
range of the projectile; S9FE-IVa-35
7. describe a projectile and identify its parts; and
8. solve for the height and the range of a projectile.
 Lesson
Horizontal and Vertical
1 Motions of a Projectile

Projectile is any object that has been thrown, shot, or launched upon
which the only force acting is gravity. There are a variety of examples of the
projectile, a soccer ball being kicked, a basketball that was thrown, a rock
dropped from rest and a bullet fired from a gun.

Projectile Motion Defined

Projectile motion is the motion of any object launched into the air and it is
acted only upon by the force of gravity. The object that is thrown is called a
projectile, and its path is called trajectory. The trajectory follows a curved path
which is parabolic.
Every projectile motion has two components: vertical and horizontal motion.
The horizontal component is uniform motion. The vertical component is free fall.
This means that if air resistance is neglected, a projectile moves horizontally at a
constant speed as it falls vertically with acceleration due to gravity, 9.8
m/s2.These two components are completely independent of each other. Therefore,
the horizontal and vertical motion can be treated separately.
There are varieties of examples of projectile motion. A projectile is thrown
at a certain angle to the horizon, and projectiles are launched horizontally. Let’s
study the vertical and horizontal of each situation.

Horizontally launched Projectile

In the absence of gravity, the coin that you flicked will continue to move
horizontally, consistent with the law of inertia. But with the force of gravity that
will act upon the coin, causes the same vertical motion as before - a downward
acceleration. The coin falls the same amount of distance as it did when it was
merely dropped from rest (refer to the diagram below).

A projectile launched horizontally has no initial vertical velocity. Thus, its

vertical motion is identical to that of a dropped object. The downward velocity
increases uniformly due to gravity as shown by the vector arrows of increasing
lengths. The presence of gravity does not affect the horizontal motion of the
projectile.

Source: Science 9
Learning Material
Velocity component vector diagram for projectiles fires horizontally
As for acceleration, horizontal motion is zero, for there is no change in
velocity per second. And the acceleration of vertical motion is equivalent to
acceleration due to gravity which is constant at 9.8 m/s2 (Earth’s gravity).

The motion of a projectile is simplified in the table below:

HORIZONTAL MOTION VERTICAL MOTION
Force that affects the None Force of the Earth’s gravity
motion
Acceleration ( change in No Acceleration due the
the velocity per second) Earth’s Gravity (Ag = 9.8
m/s2)
Velocity Constant ( no change) Changing by 9.8 m/s per
second

Projectiles Launched at an Angle

When a projectile is launched upward at an angle, its velocity has two
components:

1. A constant horizontal velocity that moves in the same direction as

the launch
2. An upward positive vertical component that is decreasing in
magnitude until it becomes zero at the top of the trajectory (therefore,
it no longer goes up any further). But because gravity makes it
accelerate downward at a rate of 9.8m/s2, (therefore it stays at rest for
 an instant), it will descend with an increasing negative vertical velocity
until it is stopped by something.

Source: Science 9
Path of a projectile fired with initial velocity vi at an angle to the horizontal. The
trajectory is shown in the black dash, the velocity vectors are in solid arrows, and
velocity components are dashed

Understanding horizontal and vertical components numerically

Recall that vectors are quantities with magnitude and direction. And any vector
can be represented by a vector arrow, the length of which corresponds to the
magnitude, while the arrow point in the direction of the vector quantity.

Horizontal Motion Vertical Motion

ax = 0 ay = 9.8 m/s2

vfx= vix vfy = viy- agt

Note: vfx = vix + axt (since ax is 0m/s2
the equation will cancel out leaving as
useful equation)
where where
ax= horizontal acceleration ay = vertical acceleration
t = time t = time
vfx = final horizontal velocity vfy = final vertical velocity
vix= initial horizontal velocity viy= initial vertical velocity

Vertical velocities are taken positive upward and negative downward from
the point of release.
Horizontally Launched Projectile
Suppose that a stone is launched horizontally with no upward angle initial speed
of 15 m/s. If there were no gravity, the stone would continue in motion at 15 m/s
in the horizontal direction. But gravity causes the stone to accelerate downwards
at a rate of 9.8 m/s/s. This means that the vertical velocity is changing by 9.8
m/s every second. If a vector diagram (showing the velocity of the stone at 1-
second intervals of time) is used to represent how the Horizontal ( x-) and vertical
(y-)components of the velocity of the stone is changing with time, then x- and y-
velocity vectors could be drawn and their magnitudes labeled. The lengths of the
vector arrows are representative of the magnitudes of that quantity. Such a
diagram is shown below.

If you tabulate these values:

Time Horizontal velocity (v) Vertical velocity (vy)
0s 15 m/s 0m/s
1s 15 m/s -9.8 m/s
2s 15 m/s -19.6 m/s
3s 15 m/s -29.4 m/s
4s 15 m/s -39.2 m/s
5s 15 m/s -49 m/s
Note: Vertical velocity is computed by using the formula: Vy = - (ag)t .
Sample Problem 1.
A stone is thrown horizontally from a cliff with a velocity of 7m/s. What is the
vertical velocity of the stone after 3 seconds?
Given:

V=7m/s viy = 0 m/s

t=3s ag = 9.8 m/s2
 Solution:

vfy = viy - agt

vfy = 0 - ( 9.8 m/s2)(3s)

vfy= -29.4 m/s

Sample Problem 2
A man dives from a 35 m high cliff and reaches the water with a final vertical
velocity of 45m/s. How much time had elapsed before he reached the water?
Given:

vfy= 45m/s viy = 0 m/s

t=? ag = 9.8 m/s2

Solution:

vfy = viy - agt

-45m/s = 0m/s – 9.8m/s2 (t)
-45m/s
t=
-9.8 m/s2

t = 4.59 s

Projectile Motion:
Lesson Relationship Between Angle
of Projection and the Height
2 and Range of the Projectile
Many games and sporting events that you play involve flying objects or
balls. Basketball, volleyball, and sepak takraw are some examples wherein you
observe the curve paths of flying objects in mid-air. This curve is what naturally
happens when an object, called a projectile, moves in two dimensions-having both
horizontal and vertical motion components, acted by gravity only. In Physics, this is
called projectile motion.

Projectile motion is defined as the motion of an object that is thrown or

projected into the air in which gravity is the only force acting on it. (neglecting air
resistance). Projectile is the term for the object that shows a projectile motion. The
path covered by a projectile is called a trajectory which is a parabolic or curve-
like figure. The trajectory of a projectile launched at an angle is symmetrical, which
means that, there is an equal size on both sides of the parabola. The distance from
the point the object is released up to the highest point it reached on air is the
maximum height of a projectile, while the range is the horizontal distance covered
by a projectile. The angle of projection is the angle between the initial velocity and
the horizontal plane where the object is thrown.
The figure below describes the parts of a projectile.
y - axis

trajectory

height
Angle of
projection
x - axis

range

Figure 6. Parts of a Projectile

Below are few examples of events or situations where projectile motions are
observed.

https://en.wikipedia https://upload.wikimedia.org/wiki https://common

.org/wiki/Nayana_J pedia/commons/c/c1/Students_at s.wikimedia.org/

ames _the_University_of_Ilorin_Playing._ wiki/File:Sepak_

25.jpg takraw.jpg

Figure 7. From left to right. (a) A player in mid-air during her long jump
(b)

The ball in its projectile motion during the volleyball game (c) A flying ball
after it is hit by the sepak takraw player

Projectiles Launched at an Angle

When a projectile is launched upward at an angle, its velocity has two components:
1. A constant horizontal velocity that moves in the same direction as the launch,
the acceleration of which is zero; and

2. An upward positive vertical velocity component that is decreasing in magnitude

until it becomes zero at the top of the trajectory (therefore it is no longer goes up
any further). But because gravity makes it accelerate downward at a rate of 9.8
m/s per second or 9.8 m/s2, (therefore it stays at rest only for an instant) it will
start to descend with an increasing negative vertical velocity until it is stopped
by something. So as the projectile moves forward horizontally with uniform
velocity, its vertical velocity is also accelerated creating a trajectory that is a
parabola.

3. Objects that are projected from and land on the same horizontal surface will
have a path symmetric about a vertical line through a point at the maximum
height of the projectile.

4. The maximum height of the projectile is when the projectile reaches zero vertical
velocity. From this point, the vertical component of the velocity vector will point
downwards.

5. The horizontal displacement of the projectile is called the range of the projectile
and depends on the initial velocity of the object.

6. If an object is projected at the same initial speed, but two complementary angles
of projection, the range of the projectile will be the same.

7. The angle at which the object is launched dictates the range, height, and time
of flight the object will experience while in projectile motion.
 You have learned that objects launched at different angles of projection have
resulted in different ranges and heights.
Figure 12 shows different paths for the same object being launched at the same
initial velocity and different launch angles. As illustrated by the figure, the larger
the initial launch angle and maximum height, the longer the flight time of the
object.

Figure 12. Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-

physics/chapter/projectilemotion/

This time, you are going to describe the maximum height and range of a projectile
quantitatively using the given formula.

Solving for the Maximum Height of a Projectile

The maximum height of the object in projectile motion depends on the initial
velocity, the launch angle, and the acceleration due to gravity. Its unit of
measurement is “meters”.

(𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦)2 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑎𝑢𝑛𝑐ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒)2

Maximum height=
2 𝑋 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑣𝑖 2 (sin 𝜃)2
𝐻=
2𝑔

H = maximum height (meter)

vi = initial velocity (meter per second)
g = acceleration due to gravity, i.e. (9.8ms−2)
θ = theta, angle of the initial velocity from the horizontal plane
(radians or degrees)
 Sample Problem
A firefighter aims a fire hose upward, toward a fire in a
building. The water leaving the hose with a velocity of 32.0
meters per second. If the firefighter holds the hose at an angle
of 78.50, what is the maximum height of the water stream?

Solution: The water droplets leaving the hose will be considered as the object in
projectile motion. So its maximum height can be found using this formula;

𝑣𝑖 2 (sin 𝜃)2
𝐻=
2𝑔
Given:
𝑣𝑖 (initial velocity) =32 m/s
sinθ (sine theta) =sin78.5∘ =(0.98)2
g (acceleration due to gravity) =9.8 m/s2

Thus,

𝑣𝑖 2 (sin 𝜃)2
𝐻=
2𝑔

(32)2 (0.98)2
𝐻=
2(9.8)

𝑯 = 𝟓𝟎. 𝟐 𝐦
Thus, the maximum height of the water from the hose will be 50.2 m.

Solving for the Range of a Projectile

In solving for the range of a projectile, you need the following quantities;
initial velocity, angle of projection, and acceleration due to gravity.

(𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦)2 𝑥 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 2 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑡𝑎)

Range=
𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦

𝑣𝑖 2 sin 2𝜃
𝑅=
𝑔
 R = range (meter)
𝑣𝑖 = initial velocity (meter per second)
g = acceleration due to gravity, i.e. (9.8ms−2)
θ = theta, angle of the initial velocity from the horizontal plane
(radians or degrees)

Sample Problem:
Calculate the range covered by the ball when it was hit at an angle of 300
to the horizontal with an initial velocity of 31.9 m/s. Refer to the illustration below.

Range ?

Formula for range:

Thus,
(31.9)2 sin 2(30)
𝑅=
(9.8)

(31.9)2 sin(60)
𝑅=
(9.8)

𝑹 = 𝟗𝟎 𝐦

The maximum horizontal distance that can cover by the ball is 90 meters.

There are many ways on how range and height are solved. To simplify the
lesson, only this equation is presented and discussed.

Activity 1: Problem Solving

Directions: Analyze and solve the following problems in your notebook/on a
separate sheet of paper. Show your solutions.
1. A moving plane drop of a package at a speed of 25 m/s. What is the vertical
velocity of the package after 20seconds?
2. From a tall building, a girl throws a piece of paper at a velocity of 5m/s.
What is the horizontal velocity of the paper after 5 seconds?
 3. At what time will a ball thrown horizontally reach its velocity at 19.6 m/s
downwards?
4. A stone is thrown at a speed of 15m/s. What is the horizontal velocity after
six seconds?
5. A stone is thrown at a speed of 15m/s. What is the vertical velocity after
six seconds?
Activity 2: Launched with an angle
A soccer ball is kicked at ground level with a speed of 41.6 m/s at an angle of
45◦to the horizontal. Determine the x and y component in each given time.
Complete the table below.

Time Horizontal velocity (Vx) Vertical velocity (vy)

0s
1s
2s
3s
4s
5s
6s
Note: Vertical velocities are taken positive (+) upward and negative (-) downward
from the point of release

Guide Questions: (Not included in Answer Sheet)

1. How does horizontal velocity differ from vertical velocity?

2. Based on the table and the graph, what did you observe?

Activity 3: Height and Range

Directions: Analyze the illustration below and answer the given questions that
follow. Write your answers in your notebook or on a separate sheet of paper.

**for clearer view of picture visit this link: https://bit.ly/3qZvQ3s

1. Which of the following angles of projection will cover the greatest range?
A. 150o B. 300o C. 450o D. 750o
2. Which of the following angles of projection will reach the highest peak?
A. 250o B. 300o C. 600o D. 750o

3. Which of the given trajectories have almost equal ranges?

A. 250 & 650 B. 300 & 600
C. 150 & 750 D. all of the above
4. Which of the given height will cover the shortest range?
A. 15 degrees B. 30 degrees
C. 45 degrees D. 60 degrees
5. Which of the following statement is TRUE?
A. The range and height of flight of an object in projectile motion are
dependent on the angle of projection.
B. The range and height of an object in projectile motion are
independent on the angle of projection.
C. The angle of projection is dependent on the height and range of
object in projectile motion.
D. The range and height are dependent on the time of flight of an
object.
 SCIENCE | ANSWER SHEET (Please submit this page only)

SCIENCE 9 – (PHYSICS)
QUARTER 4 - Week 1
MOTION IN TWO DIMENSIONS

NAME __________________________________________ GRADE 7- _______________

Teacher: ________________

ACTIVITY 1.

1. __________________
2. __________________
3. __________________
4. __________________
5. __________________

Activity 2:

Time Horizontal velocity (Vx) Vertical velocity (vy)

0s
1s
2s
3s
4s
5s
6s

ACTIVITY 3.

1. __________________
2. __________________
3. __________________
4. __________________
5. __________________
 PERFORMANCE TASK
Directions: Choose one event or game that involves projectile motion. Use
your learnings in this module to suggest at least two strategies on how a
player can enhance his or her skills in the said sports. Write your answer in
a separate sheet of paper or submit a soft copy in our Google Classroom.
You may also include pictures of and draw diagrams of projectile motion
on them, to fully explain your strategy. Your explanation should have a
minimum of five sentences. Also include the terms we use to discuss the
projectile motion.

Criteria 4 3 2 1
Relevance The suggested The suggested The There is no
strategies were strategies were suggested suggested
relevant to the relevant to the strategies strategy to the
sports, clear sports, clear were not event/sports.
and detailed. but slightly much
not detailed. relevant to
the sports,
slightly clear
and with less
detail.

Strategy Identified at Identified at Identified Demonstrated

least two least two only a single little to no
strategies for strategies for approach for ability to
the the the event or identify a
event/sports event/sports sports that strategy for
that apply does apply solving an
but only some
within a within a event/ sports.
of which apply
specific within a specific
context. specific context.
context.
BONUS CRITERIA

Additional three bonus point (+3) will be added if you included Pictures with
diagram of Projectile Motion

ASSESSMENT

**Quiz will be posted in Google Classroom.