РЕФЕРАТ

на тему:
My favorite Singer – S T I N G
 Born 2 October 1951, in Wallsend, north-east England, Gordon Sumner’s life
started to change the evening a Phoenix Jazzmen bandmate caught sight of his black
and yellow hooped sweater and decided to re-christen him Sting. Always a muso,
Sting paid his early dues playing bass with local outfits the Newcastle Big Band, The
Phoenix Jazzmen, Earthrise and Last Exit, the latter featuring his first efforts at
songwriting. Last Exit were big in the North East, but their jazz fusion was doomed
to fail when 1976’s punk rock exploded onto the scene. Curved Air drummer, Stewart
Copeland, saw Last Exit and whilst the music did nothing for him he recognised the
potential and personality of the bass player. Within months, Sting, first wife actress
Frances Tomelty, and infant son, Joe, were tempted into moving to London.
Seeing punk as flag of convenience, Copeland and Sting together with
Corsican Henri Padovani on guitar started rehearsing and looking for gigs. Ever the
businessman, Copeland took the name The Police figuring it would be good
publicity, and the three started gigging round venues like The Roxy, Marquee and
Nashville. Ejecting the inept Padovani for the proven talents of Andy Summers’ the
band also enrolled Stewart’s older brother, Miles, as manager, wowing him with a
Sting song called Roxanne. Days later, Copeland had them a record deal. The London
press hated the Police seeing through their punk camouflage, and their early releases
had no chart success. Instead The Police did the unthinkable - they went to America.
The early tours are the stuff of legend - flight’s courtesy of Laker’s Skytrain,
humping their own equipment from gig to gig, and playing to miniscule audiences at
the likes of CBGB’s and The Rat Club. Their bottle paid off as they slowly built a
loyal following, the audiences being won over with the bands combination of new
wave toughness and laid back white-reggae.
They certainly made an odd trio with veteran guitarman Summers having a
history dating back to the mid-60s, the hyper-kinetic Copeland had been a prog-
rocker, and Sting with his love of jazz. The sound the trio made was unique though,
and Sting’s pin-up looks did them no harm at all. Returning to the UK, where the
now reissued Roxanne was charting, the band played a sell-out tour of mid-size
venues. The momentum had started. Their debut album Outlandos d’Amour (Oct 78)
delivered three hits with Roxanne, Can’t Stand Losing You and So Lonely, leading to
a headlining slot at the ’79 Reading Festival, but it was with Reggatta de Blanc (Oct
79) that they stepped up a gear. The first single, Message In A Bottle, streaked to
number one and the album’s success was consolidated further when Walking On The
Moon also hit the top slot. The band was big, but about to get even bigger. 1980 saw
them undertake a mammoth world tour with stops on all continents - including the
first rock concerts in Bombay - and the band eventually returned, exhausted, for two
shows back in Sting’s hometown of Newcastle.
Record company pressure had them back in a Dutch studio within weeks, but
Sting’s stock of pre-Police songs and ideas were wearing out. It was noticeable that
the hits were all Sting’s and the pressure to deliver a killer, all important third album
was on. History will record Summers as hugely talented guitarist but not as an
accomplished song-writer, and whilst Copeland could write catchy tunes, the band
knew exactly who was expected to deliver the hits - Sting. When Zenyatta Mondatta
was released in October 1980 it produced another number one in Don’t Stand So
Close To Me and a top five hit with De Do Do Do, De Da Da Da and sold well, but in
other respects it was disappointing. A rethink was required.
The results of the rethink materialised with 1981’s Ghost In The Machine, a
rich, multilayered album which was augmented not only by Jean Roussel’s keyboards
and Sting’s self taught saxophone playing, but by much better writing contributions
from Copeland and Summers. A darker record in many ways, the album still had the
usual clutch of hit singles with Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic making number
1 and the bleak Invisible Sun reaching number 2 (the latter despite a BBC ban being
slapped on the video) and Spirits In The Material World also charting.
Sting was starting to feel the confines of the band oppressive and was turning
to other outlets. In the late 70’s he had appeared in a couple of movies - a minor part
in Chris Petit’s "Radio On" and an excellent cameo in Franc Roddam’s
"Quadrophenia" - and 1981 saw him take his first lead role in Dennis Potter’s big-
screen version of "Brimstone and Treacle" and in the BBC play "Artemis ‘81". His
first, albeit short solo appearances at The Secret Policeman Ball benefits in aid of
Amnesty International also showed a burgeoning interest in humanitarian causes.
The early eighties were becoming a turning point for Sting. His marriage
effectively over, he disappeared to Ireland and Jamaica to write songs for the
Synchronicity album. The album was preceded by the release of a new single Every
Breath You Take in May 1983. The song went to number one on both sides of the
Atlantic and simply stayed there. Dressed up as a love song, the song was anything
but - it’s sinister theme was one of obsession and surveillance. Seventeen years later,
the song is one of the most played records on American radio having clocked up five
million plays. With such a stand-out track the album couldn’t fail and it duly took its
rightful place at the top of the world’s charts. The band started a spectacular stadium
tour of the States, the high spot of which was a sell-out show in New York’s Shea
Stadium. Further hit singles in the shape of Wrapped Around Your Finger, King of
Pain and Synchronicity II helped the album’s success even more, including the award
of three Grammies, but the writing was on the wall for The Police.
The band’s tense relationship was slowly breaking down, with Copeland and
Sting occasionally resorting to fist-fights. The pressure cooker of being on the road,
of being too big, of too many egos was starting to tell and after the Shea Stadium
show Sting told the others that it was time to take a break. The Synchronicity tour
finished in March 1984 and the three went their separate ways. Copeland to movie
scoring, Summers to guitar duets, and Sting initially to acting. A vastly over-hyped
cameo appearance in David Lynch’s movie "Dune", and another lead role in the
awful "The Bride" followed before Sting picked up his guitar again. This time
however, it was not a bass.
In June 1985, Sting released his first solo album The Dream Of The Blue
Turtles and it was a revelation. Featuring the cream of America’s young, black jazz
musicians - Branford Marsalis, Kenny Kirkland, Omar Hakim and Darryl Jones - the
album showed that Sting had lost none of his songwriting ability by being outside of
the Police camp. The new material had a more political stance - We Work The Black
Seam dealt with the miner’s strike, Children’s Crusade with drugs, and Russians with
the West’s demonisation of communism. He even wrote what he termed "an antidote
song" to Every Breath in the shape of If You Love Somebody Set Them Free. The
album was premiered at a series of shows at Paris’s Mogador Theatre - a period
captured in Michael Apted’s movie "Bring On The Night" - and the band were
magnificent. The success of the album, a successful solo appearance at Live Aid, and
the subsequent world tour convinced Sting that the safety net of potentially reforming
The Police was no longer necessary - he had not only a retained a fan base he had
started to gather another one.
Released after the death of his mother, …Nothing Like The Sun (Oct 1987)
was another strong collection of songs, containing perennial favourites Englishman In
New York and Fragile. Sting even got himself banned from Chilean radio thanks to
They Dance Alone, a haunting song which resulted from his meeting with some of
South America’s "Mothers of the Disappeared". Also released was a mini-album
Nada Como El Sol which featured several of the album’s songs in Spanish, and
which helped strengthen his popularity further in Central and South America. The
world tour started in Rio’s 200,000 capacity Maracana Stadium on the day that Sting
received the body-blow news of his father's death. His new band included Kirkland
and Marsalis, Delmar Brown, Jeff Campbell and Tracey Wormworth, with Sting
content to sing, dance and play occasional guitar. In mid tour, the entourage joined
the Amnesty International "Human Rights Now!" tour alongside Bruce Springsteen
and Peter Gabriel for several huge fundraising concerts.
Ever busy, when the tour finished he was looking for a new project, and found
it with a starring spot on Broadway during late 1989 in Brecht’s "3 Penny Opera",
and the role of Macheath. Despite some savage criticism, the shows were popular and
the show completed a three month run. Also at this time, visits to the Amazonian
rainforest led both he and partner Trudie Styler to establish a charity, The Rainforest
Foundation, aimed at protecting both the environment and indigenous peoples. This
has proved to be no passing interest, with an annual all-star benefit concert at New
York’s Carnegie Hall helping keep the charity running.
 Not all was well on the musical front however. The loss of both parents in
quick succession had hit Sting hard and one of the world’s most famous songwriters
was suffering from severe writers block. Returning to his childhood memories for
inspiration, Sting produced 1991’s The Soul Cages. Jokingly referred to as a record
for the "recently bereaved", the album was bleak but compelling. Depending on your
point of view it was either impenetrably dense or his strongest work - only the
listener can decide. The first single, All This Time, was deceptively poppy and Mad
About You was also a minor hit, but the rest of the album was not radio friendly.
Nevertheless the album still sold well, the title track collected a Grammy, and the live
shows saw a stripped down rock band of Dominic Miller (guitar), Vinnie Colaiuta
(drums) and David Sancious (keyboards) with Sting returning to the bass. During the
tour a very popular MTV unplugged session was recorded in New York and this was
followed by a small acoustic gig at a Wallsend Arts Centre some of which was
released on the Acoustic Live In Newcastle set.
Sting and Trudie Styler were married in 1992, and bought Lake House in
Wiltshire, part of which was subsequently turned into a recording studio in time for
the writing and recording of Ten Summoner’s Tales (Mar 1993). As upbeat as The
Soul Cages was downbeat, this was a remarkable album, and saw the emergence of a
new, less earnest and relaxed Sting. Recorded in his home, the album was a major
return to form producing instantly likeable tracks such as If I Ever Lose My Faith In
You, Fields Of Gold, Seven Days and Shape of My Heart. It also hinted at what was
to come on later albums with odd time signatures and its mix of musical genres and
styles. During the inevitable world tour he found time to record a Stateside number
one by performing with Bryan Adams and Rod Stewart on All For Love from the
"The Three Musketeers" and to add another three Grammies to his ever increasing
collection. Life was looking good, and the 1994 retrospective Fields Of Gold saw the
release of two new tracks This Cowboy Song and When We Dance.
A significant part of 1995 found Sting preparing for a court appearance, against
his former accountant who had misappropriated several Јm of his money, much to the
amusement of the press without Sting even knowing it had vanished, but the second
part of the year found him turning to writing for his fifth solo album, Mercury
Falling. Released in March 1996, the album showed an increasing tendency for Sting
to risk commercial success by writing to please himself and his band. Foregoing
standard pop and rock fare, he was now writing country tunes such as I’m So Happy I
Can’t Stop Crying, bossa nova such as La Belle Dame Sans Regrets, gospel tinged
material such as Let Your Soul Be Your Pilot and songs in devilishly difficult time
signatures (I Hung My Head). It was clever, and much of it was good, but it was an
even bigger rag-bag of styles than Ten Summoner’s Tales. Some fans weren’t sure if
they liked it.
Sting was also becoming more noticeably involved in contributing songs to
movie soundtracks - there was always a demand for Police songs, but in 1993 he had
been approached to write the theme song for "Lethal Weapon 3", and duly complied
with It’s Probably Me. A reworking of The Police’s Demolition Man followed for the
film of the same name, as did the recording of several jazz standards for the "Leaving
Las Vegas" and "Sabrina" soundtracks. Mercury Falling continued this trend with
Valparaiso, which was used in the movie "White Squall". Puff Daddy’s reworking of
Every Breath You Take (in the shape of I’ll Be Missing You) brought Sting’s earlier
work to the notice of a new generation, and to the fury of many Police fans he and
Pras from the Fugee’s reworked Roxanne in 1997. Further soundtrack contributions
to "The Mighty" and the remake of "The Thomas Crown Affair" followed, as did a
cameo role in the British hit movie "Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels".
The much anticipated Brand New Day album was released in autumn 1999 to a
mixed reception amongst critics. This is a shame because Brand New Day was a tour-
de-force. If Mercury Falling mixed genres, Brand New Day took it a step further - the
title track was full of optimism and starting over, a true millennium message. The
remarkable, arabesque Desert Rose featured the prince of rai music, Cheb Mami, Fill
Her Up crossed country with gospel, Perfect Love…Gone Wrong included French
rap, and Big Lie Small World was gentle bossa nova. The difference over Mercury
Falling was that the songs were stronger and the music more confident. This was one
of Sting’s finest albums.
 And what of 2001? The Brand New Day world tour continues throught the
summer, as the release continues to Sting's most successful solo album. The
inevitable Police-to-reform rumours will no doubt continue to surface periodically,
but having survived the last seventeen years and successfully rebuilding their
friendships, Sting’s intention of "keeping that legend intact" looks to be pretty secure.
Let’s hope so.