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Consider The System

Coring is a defect that manifests itself in alloys due to improper non-equilibrium temperatures and pressures. Coring happens when a larger concentration of the element with a higher melting point is kept at the alloy's core grains. Since the dendritic arms formed from the outside have such a higher viscosity than either the alloy underneath, whenever this occurs, the alloy in the inner parts has a local component difference that reduces the quality and efficiency of the alloy

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43 views8 pages

Consider The System

Coring is a defect that manifests itself in alloys due to improper non-equilibrium temperatures and pressures. Coring happens when a larger concentration of the element with a higher melting point is kept at the alloy's core grains. Since the dendritic arms formed from the outside have such a higher viscosity than either the alloy underneath, whenever this occurs, the alloy in the inner parts has a local component difference that reduces the quality and efficiency of the alloy

Uploaded by

honey arguelles
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Consider the system:

a) Design a state-feedback control in the form of u(t) = -k x(t) + Fr(t) to place the

eigenvalues of the closed-loop system at 1,2=-0.5±j and 3 =-0.7 and track a given

constant reference and use MATLAB to plot the response of the system to see whether

y(t) asymptotically tracks the reference signal. (This is a repeat from Mini-project 1)

Answer:

State-feedback control design:

[ ] []
x= 0 1 u+ 0 u y=[ 0 1 ] u λ=1,2=−0.5 ± j
1 2 1

[ ][]
( A−Bu ) = 0 1 − 0 [ u 1 u 2 ] = 0
1 2 1 [ 1
1−u1 2−u 2 ]
Characteristics equation, |SI −( A−Bu )|=0

¿>
|( ) (
S 0
0 S
−
0 1
1−u 1 2−u 2
=0 )|

¿>|u1−1
S −1 =0
u 2−2 |
¿> ( S+ 0.5± j ) ( S +0.5− j )=0
2 2
¿> S + S+ 0.25+ 1=0=¿ S + S +1.25=0

u 2−2=1u 1−1=1.25

u 2=3 u 1=2.25

K=[ 2.25 3]

Matlab:

k =

Column 1

2.2500

Column 2

3.0000

sys =
A =
x1
x1 0
x2 -1.25

x2
x1 1
x2 -1

B =
u1
x1 0
x2 1

C =
x1
y1 0

x2
y1 1

D =
u1
y1 0

Continuous-time state-space model.

y1 =

-s/(- s^2 + 2*s + 1)

y2 =

(4*s)/(4*s^2 + 4*s + 5)
b) Design an observer to estimate the state of the system.

Answer:
c) For part (a), imagine you only have access to the output y(t). Use the observer that you

designed in part (b), to feedback the estimated state and control the system. Find the state

space representation of the closed loop system, which includes both the controller and the

observer.

Answer:
d) In part (c), use MATLAB to plot the response of the system to see whether y(t)

asymptotically tracks the reference signal r(t).

Answer:
e) Compare the results in part (d) and (a).

The stability of a linear system may be determined directly from its transfer function. An nth

order linear system is asymptotically stable only if all of the components in the homogeneous

response from a finite set of initial conditions decay to zero as time increases. As we can see,

part a is stable compared to the part d.

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