STI COLLEGE BALAGTAS

BS PSYCHOLOGY

A CASE STUDY ON PARENTING STYLE OF AN ADOPTED

INDIVIDUAL

Members:
John Dave Dela Peña
Jonny Marie DC. Daffon
Micole Ann Garcia
Quennie Ivy P. Miranda
Armelyn Napura
Shainne Eirice E. Lanting
Reynamae T. Tubola
 Introduction

This Chapter presents the introduction. The readers may study or read the following:
Background of the Study, Significance of the Study, Statement of the Problem Scope,
Limitation, and Definition of Terms.

Background of the Study

Being raised in a large family and under the guidance of one's parents has a profound
impact on one's development. It has long been considered customary to go with your parents
because they are the ones who would support you and provide you with the education you
need. The theory of human motivation (Maslow, 1943), Maslow's hierarchy of needs,
sometimes known as Maslow's pyramid, is regarded as a cornerstone of understanding human
motivation. From the moment a kid is born, their parents are in charge of parenting them and
providing for their basic needs, including clothing, food, and education. However, children
also need to have their social and emotional needs met. Parents must be aware of and respond
to their children's emotional needs. These cognitive requirements will have an impact on how
the person develops, attempts to fit into society, and attempts to create their own identity.

The emotional well-being and development of a child's self-confidence are greatly

influenced by parents. Family members will be the ones to explain their opinions and
viewpoints to others. In order to prevent their kids from being uninformed of the world they
live in; they will also talk to them about their ideas and experiences. Children are encouraged
to express themselves freely under parental direction. The kids may find it easy to resolve
conflicts in their daily life when their family is on their side. Expressing emotion and feelings
will be easier for the kids as they bond with their parents because the quality time they make
with each other will help them be comfortable together.

Individuals raised by nonbiological parents, on the other hand, may have various
experiences and ways of maturing as a person. Parenting necessitates interpersonal skills as
well as emotional investment (Santrock, 2006). Most parents learn or are influenced by their
parents' parenting style. Habits and qualities may be adopted as the manner of parenting is
passed down from one generation to another generation. These could be cultural beliefs
passed down from one family to the next.
 The way parents take care of their children is needed as it influences their growth. A
child’s behaviour is associated with parenting styles as they grow and interact with new
people. Parenting styles have been perceived to be a major factor in children’s development
(Baumrind, 1960). There are four types of parenting styles according to Baumrind’s Pillar
theory. They could be authoritative, permissive, authoritarian, and neglectful.

Permissive Parenting: Permissive parents are more likely to play a friendship role with
their children than a parenting role. They seek to avoid conflict and will frequently give in to
their children's pleadings at the first sight of trouble. These parents usually let their children
do whatever they want and provide just limited advice or direction. Authoritarian parents are
loving, helpful, and often aware of their children's needs. They teach morals and logic to their
children through open and honest dialogues. Children that have authoritarian parents are more
self-disciplined and capable of thinking for themselves. Neglectful parents this style is
exemplified by an overall sense of indifference. Neglectful parents have limited engagement
with their children and rarely implement rules. They can also be seen as cold and uncaring —
but not always intentionally, as they are often struggling with their own issues. Authoritarian
Parenting The authoritarian ("strict ruler") approach to parenting is low in support and
strength in demandingness. Because they are "in command," these parents assume and
demand obedience, and they do not explain their orders.

General Problem
This study generally aims to determine the parenting style of a foster parent.

Specific Problem
1. What is the impact of being adopted on raising a child?
2. What is the significance of understanding an adopted person's parenting style?
3. How does an adopted individual raise their children?
4. What is the characteristic of an adopted individual as a parent?
Significance of the Study

Children - This study will give them ideas about parenting and will help them understand
their parent's parenting style.
Parents - This study will give them a better understanding of parenting and will understand
the behaviour of their kids.
Society - This study will give them benefits and advanced knowledge to understand parenting
styles.
Psychologist- This research will help psychologists stay informed and updated.
knowledgeable in order to assist their foster client
Researcher – The findings of the study will help to learn something and have new ideas.
Future Researcher – This will serve as their reference for their future research.

Scope

This study will mainly identify the parenting style of an adopted individual. The
study focuses on determining the negative and positive side effects of being adopted through
parenting.

Limitation

The researchers don’t hold any responsibility for determining the difference in the
parenting style of a foster individual from a person who grew up with a biological family.

Definition of Terms

Authoritarian Parenting- Parenting with authority is quite strict. Parents want their children
to adhere to the rules without question or compromise.

Authoritative Parenting- authoritative. In this parenting approach, parents are caring,

receptive, and supportive, but they also establish strict boundaries for their kids. They make
an effort to discipline kids by outlining rules, having discussions, and using logic. They
consider a child's perspective, but they don't always agree with it.
Cognitive- Involving consciousness such as reasoning and thinking.

Exemplified- To exhibit or demonstrate through an example. stories that demonstrate those

qualities.

Permissive parenting- is when a parent doesn't establish boundaries for their kids or thinks a
kid should be true to who they are. Parents who are permissive are not strict. Children have
few obligations and are free to control their conduct and the majority of their decisions.

Neglectful parenting- a parenting style when parents don't attend to their child's wants or
desires beyond the necessities of food, clothing, and shelter – which obviously has more
negative connotations.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Foreign Literature

Depending on the viewpoint taken, the definition of parenthood can be seen through
several lenses. The answer to the question of a kid's parents may vary depending on whether
the person asking the question is a psychologist, a lawyer, a biologist, or even the child. Even
in cases when there are no genetic ties between adults and children, parenthood may
nevertheless be legally recognized. This is true both when a child is adopted by a different
family after being born into a biologically related family and when conception occurs through
assisted procreation.
Legally, the determinations of parental status have been influenced by three
considerations (Campbell, 2007). The first is biological ties, which could appear crucial, but
cases from the law and psychological studies frequently demonstrate that biological and
genetic ties alone are insufficient to identify a parental or parental bond. The expressed intent
to be a parent is the second element that determines parental status. The third one, last but not
least, is about the social, relational, and emotional ties formed between a caregiver and a child
(Campbell, 2007). Both adoption and assisted reproduction (AR) depend on the second and
third elements, and they both need the involvement of a third party to establish legitimate
filiation: a medical facility in the case of adoption and judicial and governmental authorities
in the case of AR (Chateauneuf, 2011). Adoption appears to rely more on the purpose of
being a parent even in the lack of a genetic or gestational bond, whereas biological
connections are paramount in the decision to become a parent through medical technologies.
Adoption and assisted reproduction, which both turn to legislation in their implementation,
draw attention to the manufactured aspect of paternity. In this review, we'll try to look at the
differences between the two types of parentage as well as possible justifications for parental
choice. In addition, we'll try to examine any potential discrepancies in how parents represent
themselves, feel, and parent, as well as any ramifications for the family's growth. M.
Casonato and S. Habersaat (2015). being a parent without a genetic link. 289–306 in Enfance,
2015(03).

While peer influences have been often found to be a risk factor in terms of adolescent
smoking and drinking, parental variables may continue to serve as an adaptive and protective
function (Hair, Moore, Garrett, Ling, & Cleveland, 2008). The role of parents, however, is
more latent and controversial. All in all, moderate and adequate parental control (and not
manipulative psychological control) plays an important role in children's self-control which is
related to adjustment and behaviour (Finkenauer, Engels, & Baumeister, 2005).On the other
hand, the quality of parent–adolescent relationship may also play a role in preventing
adolescents' substance use, such as social support from parents, or a feeling that their parents
take care of them (Ackard et al., The present study introduces a specific aspect of general
parenting style (namely, authoritative) as possible protection against adolescent smoking and
drinking. According to the classification model of Maccoby and Martin (1983), authoritative
parenting is characterized by high responsiveness and high demandingness.

Analysis of Related Foreign Literature

This study illustrates the idea of parenthood and briefly describes the two types of
parenthood—assisted reproduction and adoption—that do not require a complete genetic
connection between parents and children. The actual parenting techniques used by non-
biological parents are the subject of this study, as how they will handle and react to the
changes that are taking place or could take place. In this study, we can also observe how they
apply their parenting approach. Furthermore, this study outlines the actions or attitudes that a
child may exhibit toward the parent and the impact that learning that they are adopted has on
them.
 This study demonstrates a parent-child bond or connection. Good parent-child
relationships continue to protect children from adolescent problem behaviors. Adolescent
substance abuse is more common in families where there are frequent family conflicts. On a
variety of behavioral and psychological measures, children with "authoritarian" parenting
styles outperformed their friends.
Local Literature
The purpose of this study was to understand and describe the lived experiences of
parents raising children with autism, as well as to compare how each parent's experiences
differed from the others. The study aimed to provide insight into how parents with autistic
children experienced the pre-diagnostic phase, how they coped with daily activities, and other
concerns about their child's future. The study provided an understanding of the situation that
parents with autistic children are in, as well as their greatest needs, which include autism
information and emotional support. After learning about the difficulties that parents and
children with autism face, nurses will be more sensitive and therapeutic when providing care.
The study provided an understanding of the condition parents with a child with autism are in.
Nurses together with other health care providers should focus on creating therapeutic
relationships with parents. To be able to provide quality care in public schools, the
government should work on improving the working condition of teachers. (Rhodah
Mochama, Philip Kimutai Sanga, Fetus papyraceous: A case report of Kapkatet Sub-County
Hospital, Kenya, Journal of Medicine, Nursing & Public Health: Vol. 4 No. 2) (2021)

Giving weight to intention, rather than to biological roles, provides a means to treat
claims to parenthood equally, regardless of gender difference. The California Court's reliance
on intention may be seen as part of its recognition of its already established importance in
forging a legal relationship between parents What exactly qualifies someone as a parent?
Many writers - refer to them. 'Monists' assert that parenthood is founded solely on one
essential characteristic that is both necessary and sufficient for someone to be a parent. We
oppose not only monism but also 'necessity' views, in which a specific feature is required but
not sufficient for parenthood. Our argument supports 'pluralism,' the belief that any of several
types of relationships is sufficient for parenthood. We begin by challenging monistic versions
of gestational, which hold that gestation is the sole source of parenthood. The notions of
monistic and necessity gestational are implausible. First, we address the 'paternity problem,'
implying that gestationalists lack an adequate explanation for how men become fathers.
Second, the positive arguments advanced by necessity gestationalists are not persuasive. and
child. (Hill, J. L. (2017). What Does It Mean to Be a “Parent”? the Claims of Biology as the
Basis for Parental Rights. Parental Rights and Responsibilities, 29–96.

Analysis of Related Local Literature

This literature review is a typical example of a person's parental rights. It
demonstrates the importance of discussing parenting, whether biological or non-biological, in
order to support a child throughout his or her life. However, contrary to what some
researchers claim, being a parent is based on more than just being related to the child. Some
argue that a child's relationship with their parents should be based on more than just their
biological connection. Even if a person is not related to the child, he is qualified to be a parent
to a non-biological child if he meets the qualifications, particularly in terms of emotional,
psychological, and financial factors.

This study shows how a parent of autistic child carries out their parental
responsibilities while also managing the challenges of caring for their child's illness. This
helps us comprehend how parents deal with, support, and meet the emotional and
psychological needs of their children. The government's support is required to provide nurses
and other health practitioners with proper training on how to deal with this case (autism),
develop therapeutic relationships with parents and a child's environment, and help them feel
like they belong in this society, according to the study's recommendations.

Methods and Procedure

In this chapter, the researchers will present the Research Method, Research Question,
and Case Background of the participant.

Methodology
This study will use the qualitative method and focuses on obtaining data through
interviews. Qualitative research methods make it easier to understand as it is more
communicative and descriptive. The researchers prepared some questions to gather
information from the subject.
Research Questions
1. What factors do you consider when raising your child?
2. How do you explain a certain circumstance to your child?
3. How status as being adopted child affect your child?
4. Now that you are a parent, do you give your children all the things you have never
experienced as a child?
5. What experience did you have before that you wanted your children to have and
what do you think you don't want them to experience or feel?
6. What traits do you display or how do you make your foster parents feel knowing
that you are not their biological child? Did the truth influence your actions in any
way?
7. What are your good and not-so-good experiences while growing up?
8. As a foster parent, what behavior should be avoided, especially when it will affect
the upbringing of a child?
9. What do you think you need to focus on the way you raise your child that you
should have experienced?
10. How do you approach your kids to establish connections with other kids?
11. As a parent, how do you observe or feel that your child has emotional needs?
12. As a foster parent, how does it affect your parenting style?
13. Do you consider the parenting style of your non-biological parents for your child
or children?
14. What are the qualities or attributes you possess as a parent that you want your
children to surpass?

Case Background of the Participants:

Age: 38
Gender: Female
Family Mental Health History: N/A
Family Relationship: Open and warm with one another
Relationship Status: Live in
Life Difficulties: Average
 The subject was a 38-year-old mom who was raised by her non-biological parents.
She was 3 years old when she was adopted by very loving parents who love her and care for
her genuinely. However, when she found out that she was adopted, she began to act rebellious

Her adolescence was the most difficult period of her life because it was when she
discovered everything. When she confronted her mother about the adoption, she realized that
her neighbours’ speculations were true, and her non-biological mother could no longer hide
because the subject discovered a document stating the adoption agreement for 100 pesos. Her
non-biological parents tell her everything and apologize for keeping the story from her for so
long. Their motive was to keep their daughter from feeling insecure about being an adopted
child. Her parents' intention was to protect her, but things got complicated. The subject left
her adoptive parents' home without permission and began looking for her biological parents.
The subject also discovered that her mother was her father's concubine, which is why her
biological father cannot keep her. He decides to give his child to a family in order to save
them from shame while also saving the child's future because he cannot afford to raise the
baby (subject) due to poor income. As the years pass, the subject meets her father and
siblings, but it's not what she expected. She realized that there is a large gap between them.
Her siblings were only interested in the material things she can offer and the subject felt no
affection from them. She is only being entertained by the things she can give, not by her
presence.

This is when she realizes that the people that adopted her are her real family; people
that made her feel at home. She came back and stay with the family she was raised in order to
feel whole and appreciated. Now that she's a parent, she pledged to share what her parents
taught her with her kids and to foster a sense of maternal attachment. The subject disciplined
her children gently but firmly. Her extensive life experience helped her raise her children
successfully. But up until this point, she has hidden a secret from her kids that she is an
adopted child out of fear of social rejection and discrimination. Her concern was no longer for
herself, but for her children.

Results and Discussion

Presented in this section is the discussion of the result of the data gathering. The
readers may read the following: Summary of Findings, Conclusion, and recommendation.
This chapter shows how the study progressed and the researcher’s conclusions, opinions, and
recommendations.
Summary of Findings
1. What is the impact of being adopted on raising a child?
- Just like a person who grew up under the care of a real parent, there is almost no
difference in the way of raising a parent who has not experienced being with a real
parent. Our talk revealed how wonderfully she was treated by others around her, she
also treats her children the same way. Being separated from biological parents was not
an obstacle to being a good parent.
2. What is the significance of understanding an adopted person's parenting style?
-The good about knowing the parenting style of an adopted individual who didn't
grow up with their biological parents is it reminds us that it's not an incapacity that
will hinder them from being great parents. It depends on people how will they apply
their experiences in life.
3. How does an adopted individual raise their children?
-The way how they were raised by their non-biological parents has a big pattern on
how they will bring their children. What would be great to do is try to surpass the
criterion of being a parent that their non-biological parents showed them; such as to
love more, understand more, be more caring, and treasure more.
4. What is the characteristic of an adopted individual as a parent?
- Their experience helps them a lot to be more empathetic, affectionate, forgiving, and
humane.
-
Conclusion
The case study that was put together by the researchers to know the parenting style of
an adopted individual has been determined. The researchers concluded that the parenting style
that the chosen subject used according to Baumrind’s pillar theory is the parenting style that
her foster parents show to her while growing up which is authoritative. The subject hates to
discipline her children with an authoritarian style like a “tiger mom” because she isn’t raised
by her parents that way. She has her own style of attempting to correct the children’s behavior
by explaining rules, discussing, and reasoning, also she gives the right amount of strict and
warm love as a parent.
Recommendation
The interaction and impact of others may shape you. However, anything might change
by the time you become a full-fledged parent. What your situation or state was in your youth
will never be a hindrance. This is not predicated on how you will treat your future child, but
on how you will live and use what you have learned as you get older; the norm can be altered.
You have the ability to break the curse.
1. The researchers would like to encourage foster parents out there to speak up about
the foster child being adopted so that their children will fully understand the situation that
they are dealing with and how they will handle future circumstances such as discrimination,
bullying, criticism, and disrespect.
2. The researchers would like to inform parents that psychological training can help
the children’s morale. The growth, familiarizing, and development of the child with social
norms.
3. The researchers and the subject would like to reassure fosters not to be discouraged
and afraid of having their own family because they will give justice to the lapses that they
received by being good parents.

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