Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 71 views

    Lect2 - 2009 1 API MFC

    Uploaded by

    varunpandeyengg
    The document discusses Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) for Windows programming. It describes MFC as a hierarchy of C++ classes that facilitate Windows programming by providing reusable code and handling many details. The key classes discussed are CWinApp for applications, CWnd for windows, CDocument for data, and CView for views. It provides an example of using MFC classes and wizards to build a simple sketching application, including adding handler functions for mouse and menu commands.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lect2 - 2009 1 API MFC

    Uploaded by

    varunpandeyengg
    71 views22 pages
    The document discusses Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) for Windows programming. It describes MFC as a hierarchy of C++ classes that facilitate Windows programming by providing reusable code and handling many details. The key classes discussed are CWinApp for applications, CWnd for windows, CDocument for data, and CView for views. It provides an example of using MFC classes and wizards to build a simple sketching application, including adding handler functions for mouse and menu commands.

    Original Title

    lect2_2009-1-API-MFC

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) for Windows programming. It describes MFC as a hierarchy of C++ classes that facilitate Windows programming by providing reusable code and handling many details. The key classes discussed are CWinApp for applications, CWnd for windows, CDocument for data, and CView for views. It provides an example of using MFC classes and wizards to build a simple sketching application, including adding handler functions for mouse and menu commands.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    71 views22 pages

    Lect2 - 2009 1 API MFC

    Uploaded by

    varunpandeyengg
    The document discusses Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) for Windows programming. It describes MFC as a hierarchy of C++ classes that facilitate Windows programming by providing reusable code and handling many details. The key classes discussed are CWinApp for applications, CWnd for windows, CDocument for data, and CView for views. It provides an example of using MFC classes and wizards to build a simple sketching application, including adding handler functions for mouse and menu commands.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 22

    Windows Programming with MFC

    MFC Programming
    ? MFC:

    The Microsoft Foundation Class Library ? Additional Notes:


    http://www.cs.binghamton.edu/~reckert/360/class14.htm http://www.cs.binghamton.edu/~reckert/360/class15.htm http://www.cs.binghamton.edu/~reckert/360/10.html

    MFC
    ? The

    Microsoft Foundation Class (MFC) Library- A Hierarchy of C++ classes designed to facilitate Windows programming An alternative to using Win32 API functions A Visual C++ Windows app can use either Win32 API, MFC, or both

    Some Characteristics of MFC


    ?

    Offers convenience of REUSABLE CODE


    Many tasks in Windows apps are provided by MFC Programs can inherit and modify this functionality as needed MFC handles many clerical details in Windows pgms Functionality encapsulated in MFC Classes

    Produce smaller executables ? Can lead to faster program development ? MFC Programs must be written in C++ and require the use of classes
    ?

    Programmer must have good grasp of OO concepts

    Help on MFC Classes


    ?

    See Online Help (Index) on:


    MFC Hierarchy Hierarchy Chart MFC Reference

    On the Web:
    http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/d06h2x6e(VS.80).aspx

    Base MFC Class


    CObject: At top of hierarchy ("Mother of almost all MFC classes) ? Provides features like:
    ?

    Serialization Runtime class information Diagnostic & Debugging support Some important macros

    All its functionality is inherited by any classes derived from it

    Some Important Derived Classes


    ? CFile ? CDC ? CGdiObject ? CMenu

    ? CCmdTarget:

    Encapsulates message passing process and is parent of:


    CWnd
    Base class from which all windows are derived Encapsulates many important windows functions and data members Examples:
    m_hWnd stores the windows handle Create() creates a window

    Most common subclasses:


    CFrameWindow CView CDialog

    ? CCmdTarget

    also parent of:

    CWinThread: Defines a thread of execution and is the parent of:


    CWinApp Encapsulates an MFC application Controls following aspects of Windows programs: Startup, initialization, execution, the message loop, shutdown An application should have one CWinApp object When instantiated, application begins to run

    CDocument

    Primary task in writing an MFC program


    ? To

    create/modify classes ? Most will be derived from MFC library classes

    MFC Class Member Functions


    ? Most

    functions called by an application will be members of an MFC class ? Examples:


    ShowWindow()--a member of CWnd class TextOut()--a member of CDC LoadBitmap()--a member of CBitmap
    ? Applications

    can also call API functions


    ::

    directly
    Use global scope resolution operator
    Example ::UpdateWindow(hWnd);

    MFC Global Functions


    ? Not

    members of any MFC class ? Independent of or span MFC class hierarchy ? Example:
    AfxMessageBox()

    Message Processing under MFC


    ? ? ? ?

    API mechanism: switch/case statement in apps WndProc Under MFC, WndProc is buried in MFC framework Message handling mechanism: Message Maps "
    lookup tables the MFC WndProc searches

    A Message Map contains:


    A Message number A Pointer to a message-processing function These are members of CWnd You override the ones you want your app to respond to Like virtual functions Message-mapping macros set these up

    MFC Windows Programming (App/Window Approach)


    ?

    Simplest MFC programs must contain two classes derived from the hierarchy: 1. An application class derived from CWinApp
    Defines the application provides the message loop

    2. A window class usually derived from CWnd or CFrameWnd


    Defines the application's main window
    ?

    To use these & other MFC classes you must have: #include <Afxwin.h> in the .cpp file

    MFC Windows Programming (Document/View Approach)


    ? Frequently

    need to have different views of same data ? Doc/View approach achieves this separation:
    Encapsulates data in a CDocument class object Encapsulates data display mechanism & user interaction in a CView class object

    Relationship between Documents, Views, and Windows

    Document/View Programs
    Almost always have at least four classes derived from: CFrameWnd CDocument CView CWinApp ? Usually put into separate declaration (.h) and implementation (.cpp) files
    ?

    ? Lots
    ?

    of initialization code

    Could be done by hand, but nobody does it that way

    Microsoft Developer Studio AppWizard and ClassWizard Tools

    AppWizard
    Tool that generates a Doc/View MFC program framework automatically ? Can be built on and customized by programmer ? Fast, efficient way of producing Windows Apps ? Creates functional CFrameWnd, CView, CDocument, CWinApp classes ? After AppWizard does it's thing:
    ?

    Application can be built and run Full-fledged window with all common menu items, tools, etc.

    Other Visual Studio Wizards


    ?

    Dialog boxes that assist in generating code


    Generate skeleton message handler functions
    Set up the message map

    Connect resources & user-generated events to program response code Insert code into appropriate places in program
    Code then can then be customized by hand

    Create new classes or derive classes from MFC base classes Add new member variables/functions to classes
    ?

    In .NET many wizards available through Properties window

    SKETCH Application
    ? Example

    of Using AppWizard and ClassWizard ? User can use mouse as a drawing pencil Left mouse button down:
    lines in window follow mouse motion
    ? Left

    mouse button up: clicks "Clear" menu item

    sketching stops
    ? User

    window client area is erased

    Sketch data (points) won't be saved So leave document (CSketchDoc) class created by AppWizard alone ? Base functionality of application (CSketchApp) and frame window (CMainFrame) classes are adequate Leave them alone ? Use ClassWizard to add sketching to CSketchView class
    ?

    Sketching Requirements
    ? Each

    time mouse moves:

    If left mouse button is down:


    Get a DC Create a pen of drawing color Select pen into DC Move to old point Draw a line to the new point Make current point the old point Select pen out of DC

    Variables
    ? BOOLEAN

    m_butdn ? CPoint m_pt, m_ptold ? COLORREF m_color ? CDC* pDC

    Steps in Preparing SKETCH


    1. File / New / Project
    Project Type: Visual C++ Projects Template: MFC Application Enter name: Sketch

    2. In Welcome to MFC Application Wizard


    Application type: Single Document Application Take defaults for all other screens

    3. Build Application --> Full-fledged SDI App with empty window and no functionality

    4. Add member variables to CSketchView


    Can do manually in .h file Easier to:
    Select Class View pane Click on SketchView class
    Note member functions & variables

    Right click on CSketchView class


    Choose Add / Variable Launches Add Member Variable Wizard Variable Type: enter CPoint Name: m_pt Access: Public (default) Note after Finish that its been added to the .h file

    Repeat for other variables (or add directly in .h file):


    CPoint m_ptold bool m_butdn COLORREF m_color CDC* pDC

    5. Add message handler functions:


    Select CSketchView in Class View Select Messages icon in Properties window
    Results in a list of WM_ messages

    Scroll to WM_LBUTTONDOWN & select it Add the handler by clicking on down arrow and <Add> OnLButtonDown
    Note that the function is added in the edit window and the cursor is positioned over it: After TODO enter following code: m_butdn = TRUE; m_ptold = point;

    ? Repeat

    process for WM_LBUTTONUP handler:


    Scroll to WM_LBUTTONUP Click: <Add> OnLButtonUp, Edit Code by adding:
    m_butdn = FALSE;

    Repeat for WM_MOUSEMOVE


    Scroll to WM_MOUSEMOVE Click: <Add> OnMouseMove Edit by adding code:
    if (m_butdn) { pDC = GetDC(); m_pt = point; CPen newPen (PS_SOLID, 1, m_color); CPen* pPenOld = pDC->SelectObject (&newPen); pDC->MoveTo (m_ptold); pDC->LineTo (m_pt); m_ptold = m_pt; pDC->SelectObject (pPenOld); }

    6. Initialize variables in CSketchView constructor


    Double click on CSketchView constructor
    CSketchView(void) in Class View

    After TODO, Add code:


    m_butdn = FALSE; m_pt = m_ptold = CPoint(0,0); m_color = RGB(0,0,0);

    7. Changing Windows Properties


    Use windows SetWindowXxxxx() functions
    In CWinApp-derived class before window is shown and updated

    Example: Changing the default window title


    m_pMainWnd->SetWindowTextW( TEXT(Sketching Application));

    There are many other SetWindowXxxxx() functions that can be used to change other properties of the window

    8. Build and run the application

    Menus and Command Messages


    User clicks on menu item ? WM_COMMAND message is sent ? ID_XXX identifies which menu item (its ID) ? No predefined handlers
    ?

    We write the OnXxx() handler function Must be declared in .h file and defined in .cpp file
    ?

    Event handler wizard facilitates this

    Adding Color and Clear Menu Items to SKETCH App


    ?

    Resource View (sketch.rc folder)


    Double click Menu folder Double click IDR_MAINFRAME menu Add: Drawing Color popup menu item with items: Red, ID_DRAWING_COLOR_RED (default ID) Blue, ID_DRAWINGCOLOR_BLUE Green, ID_DRAWINGCOLOR_GREEN Black, ID_DRAWINGCOLOR_BLACK Add another main menu item: Clear Screen, ID_CLEARSCREEN
    Set Popup property to False

    Add Menu Item Command Handler Function


    One way: Use Event Handler Wizard In Resource View bring up menu editor Right click on Red menu item Select Add Event Handler ? Event Handler Wizard dialog box Class list: CSketchView Message type: COMMAND Function handler name: accept default
    OnDrawingcolorRed

    Click on Add and edit After TODO in editor enter following code: m_color = RGB(255,0,0);

    Another Method of Adding a Menu Item Command Handler


    In Class View Select CSketchView In Properties window select Events (lightning bolt icon) Scroll down to: ID_DRAWINGCOLOR_RED Select COMMAND Click <Add> OnDrawingcolorRed handler Edit code by adding: m_color = RGB(255,0,0);

    Repeat for ID_DRAWINGCOLOR_BLUE Code: m_color = RGB(0,0,255); Repeat for ID_DRAWINGCOLOR_GREEN Code: m_color = RGB(0,255,0); Repeat for ID_DRAWINGCOLOR_BLACK Code: m_color = RGB(0,0,0); Repeat for ID_CLEAR Code: Invalidate();

    Destroying the Window


    ? Just

    need to call DestroyWindow()

    Do this in the CMainFrame class usually in response to a Quit menu item

    Build and Run the Application

    You might also like