Hundred Schools of Thought

Hundred Schools of Thought
Confucianism
Content
 Hundred School of Thoughts

 The Background of Confucianism
 The Interpreter – Kong Zi or Confucius
 Confucianism's Primary Academic
 Cultural Inspiration in Confucianism
 China – Officially the People's Republic of China (New Era)
 The Conclusion
Hundred Schools of Thought
 The Hundred Schools of Thought were

philosophies and schools that flourished
from the 6th century BC to 221 BC during
the Spring and Autumn period and the
Warring States period of ancient China.
Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism, and
Legalism were the four most influential
schools during the Hundred Schools of
Thought that existed during this period.
 In Confucianism school, there are 3
philosophers that were really famous
during this period, such as Kong Zi, Meng
and Xun Zi, and today I chose Kong Zi
philosopher to make a presentation.
The Background of Confucianism
 Confucianism was developed in China by

Master Kong in 551-479 BC, who was given the
name Confucius by Jesuit missionaries who
were visiting there. However, the fundamental
principles of Confucianism began before his
birth, during the Zhou Dynasty。
 Confucianism is best understood as an ethical
guide to life and living with strong character.
Yet, Confucianism also began as a revival of
an earlier religious tradition.
 Confucianism was suppressed during the Qin
Dynasty (1636 – 1912)
The Interpreter – Kong Zi or Confucius
(551–479 BCE)
 The founder of Confucianism was a man named Kong Qi. He
later was known as Kong Fuzi, or Master Kong. In the West, he is
called Confucius. He was born in 551 B.C. in northeastern China
in the state of Lu. He lived in the Spring and Autumn Periods, a
time when the established system could not meet the demand
of development as the ruling classes of China experienced the
transition from a slave to feudalist society. It was a time of "the
collapse of etiquette and the deterioration of music", which
implies the ethics and moralities of society were in decline. The
intellectuals of the day were concerned about the future mode
of society, hence the most brilliant contention of a hundred
schools of thought, such as Legist, Taoist, thrived in a vibrant
period in Chinese history. This is often regarded as the most
exciting of times for Chinese intellectuals as no single doctrine
dominated their lives. His proposal was to discipline oneself and
to revive the ethics of Zhou Dynasty. Therefore, he brought
forward a series of norms, which step by step developed into
Confucianism.
Confucianism's Primary Academic
 He advocated a set of moral code on basis of five merits:

❖ Benevolence or ren (仁)：Benevolence is described as "forming one body" in relation to
others, which requires seeing ourselves as extensions of others and vice versa. Paradigm
cases of ren include acts of love or acting in others' interests, such as taking care of a
family member. It means not being able to endure (seeing others suffer), loving others,
and aiding all living things.
❖ Righteousness or yi (义)： Righteousness is when someone refuses to violate prohibitions

that would be regarded as shameful or degrading such as bribery. Righteousness can be
seen as the distribution of goods according to one's merit and position. It means doing
what is proper. In making judgments one hits the mark.
❖ Propriety or li (理): Propriety is broader in scope than the English word would entail. It is
when someone performs a ritual with reverence, covering social protocol in situations
that require a sense of respect, such as weddings, funerals, greetings, and serving
food and drink. It means to enact. That is, to realize the way and perfect the refined.
❖ Wisdom or zhi (智): Wisdom is understanding the other virtues' characteristic motives
and feelings, correctly assessing the quality of a person's character, and knowing the
best means to achieve virtuous ends. It means knowledge. One has a special
understanding and can know things before hearing about them. He is not befuddled
by matters and can discern the subtle
❖ Trustworthiness or xin ( 信 ): Trustworthiness or faithfulness is understood as

commitment to reality in a consistent and reliable way. Some Confucians did
not consider xin to be its own domain of activity since it regulates and supports
virtues. They all require one to be aware of what is real and avoid self-serving
delusions. It means sincerity. One cannot be deterred from his purpose.
❖ Among them five merits, benevolence was considered as the cornerstone,

which stands for faithfulness, filial piety, tolerance and kindness. He also
requested people to keep in good harmony with each other and establish a
community ruled by standard manners and behavior.
Cultural Inspiration in Confucianism
 The influence of Confucianism on China is enormous.

The moral system that Confucius, devised has greatly
influenced the way the Chinese see the world. It also
had a significant impact on Asia, and maybe even
Europe.
 Confucius influence people how to behave in their
private life as well as the rules of good government
based on love, justice, respect, wisdom and
sincerity. Confucius strongly believed that a ruler
could not bring prosperity to his people by making
laws alone, he had to set a good example too.
 Here is the famous quote that inspired people, “You
are what you think,” or how about the saying,
“Choose a job you love, and you will never have to
work a day in your life” If so, then you're familiar with
Confucius, even if you didn't realize it.
China – Officially the People's Republic of China
(New Era)
 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China

The theme of the 20th National Congress is holding high the great banner of
socialism with Chinese characteristics, fully implementing the Thought on
Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, carrying forward the great
founding spirit of the Party, staying confident and building strength, upholding
fundamental principles and breaking new ground, forging ahead with enterprise
and fortitude, and striving in unity to build a modern socialist country in all
respects and advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts.
The Conclusion
 The teachings of Confucius are still an important part of Chinese and

around the world's education to this day. The concept of filial piety is
still taught and practiced in many parts of the world. For example,
children bow to their parents, students bow to their teachers, and
young people bow to the elderly. These are all signs of respect when
they see them. Confucius also had an impact on our lives. He teaches
us how to control life and think about life.
 On the other hand, with the development of all criteria in this modern
China, we can also know the power of China from the ancient until
this day.

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 Hundred School of Thoughts

 The Hundred Schools of Thought were

 Confucianism was developed in China by

 He advocated a set of moral code on basis of five merits:

❖ Righteousness or yi (义)： Righteousness is when someone refuses to violate prohibitions

❖ Trustworthiness or xin ( 信 ): Trustworthiness or faithfulness is understood as

❖ Among them five merits, benevolence was considered as the cornerstone,

 The influence of Confucianism on China is enormous.

 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China

 The teachings of Confucius are still an important part of Chinese and

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