Engleza Cls A 12 A B Var

Ministerul Educaţiei
Centrul Naţional de Politici și Evaluare în Educație
Etapa județeană/sectoarelor municipiului București a olimpiadelor naționale școlare –

2023
Probă scrisă
Limba engleză
CLASA a XII-a - SECȚIUNEA B
SUBIECTUL A – USE OF ENGLISH (40 points)
I. Read the text below and do the tasks that follow. (20 points)
The history of reading is a topic that probably interests all readers. Reading what someone
else has written brings with it a sense of continuity and solidarity. This sense of solidarity is
strengthened when we get to know how others read. What we read and how it affects us can
reflect our personalities and our experiences as individuals. The history of readers and reading
can offer much insight into the nature and history of the society as a whole. The topic is a
fascinating one, and one that has several absorbing aspects.
In the 4th millennium BCE, with agricultural prosperity and increasing complexity of social
structures, urban centers started developing in Mesopotamia and an unknown individual changed
the course of human history by using some squiggles on clay to represent a goat and an ox.
There, at the birth of the concept of writing – the representation of spoken sounds using visual
signs – its inseparable twin, the art of reading, was also born. Writing was initially used to keep
records of transactions that involved several entities and were carried out across vast distances.
The earliest known clay tablets used picture-like signs to depict lists of goods. Around 2600 BCE,
the cuneiform script developed and writing became more versatile. It was used to document laws
and narrate deeds of kings, in addition to keeping records of transactions. In the cuneiform script,
each syllable was represented by a different sign, and the number of characters one had to learn
in order to be able to read ran into hundreds. To be a scribe in ancient Mesopotamia was an
enormous achievement. If a king could read, he made sure to boast about it in his inscriptions.
An elaborate system of schools trained young scribes from an early age. The ancient pioneers of
writing and reading were aware – and in awe – of the potential of this new form of communication.
In ancient Mesopotamian culture, birds were considered sacred because the marks their feet
made on wet ground resembled cuneiform characters. Back then, people believed the patterns
made by the wandering feet of birds were messages from the gods, waiting to be deciphered.
As the ancient writers discovered their power to make and alter myth and history, the first
works of literature were written. The earliest known author named in history is a woman, the
Akkadian princess and High Priestess Enheduanna, who composed temple hymns around 2300
BCE and signed her name onto the clay tablets on which she inscribed her works. It was around
this time that writers began to explicitly address the absent “dear reader” in their writings in specific
acknowledgement of reading as a mode of inter-temporal communication.
A. Answer the following questions, according to the text. 8 points
1. According to the first paragraph, what makes the history of reading a fascinating story?
2. What is a possible definition of reading according to the second paragraph?
3. Why was being a scribe in ancient Mesopotamia such an accomplishment?
4. Why would the “dear reader” explicitly addressed in the writings around 2300 BCE be
considered “absent”?
Probă scrisă la limba engleză clasa a XII-a secțiunea B

Pagina 1 din 4
B. Choose the synonym for the words given below, according to their meaning in the text.
6 points
1. squiggles: a. squirms b. scrawls c. wiggles d. graffiti
2. versatile: a. functional b. compatible c. convertible d. many-sided
3. awe: a. esteem b. admiration c. horror d. distress
C. Rephrase the following sentences so as to preserve the meaning. 6 points
1. The history of reading is a topic that probably interests all readers.

In all _________________________________the history of reading.
2. Back then, people believed the patterns made by the wandering feet of birds were messages
from the gods, waiting to be deciphered.
The patterns made by the wandering feet of birds _______________________________the
gods, waiting to be deciphered.
3. As the ancient writers discovered their power to make and alter myth and history, the first works
of literature were written.
It was the discovery _______________________________ the ancient writers write the first
works of literature.
II. Use the word given in brackets to form a word that fits in each gap. 10 points
I suppose, though, that I was lucky in other ways. In 1989, when I turned sixty-five, I should have,
according to various (1) _________ (GOVERN) regulations and so forth, been asked to retire, or
at least accepted the position of director emeritus. Such a (2) _______ (DEMOTE) would have
left me somewhat emasculated but still able to (3) _________ (PART) in the daily life of the lab.
But to my surprise, there was no letter from some (4) _________ (BUREAUCRACY) reminding
me of the imminent (5) ______ (DIMINISH) of responsibilities and inviting my retirement. I was, it
seemed, an (6) ______ (EXCEPT). Not that it would have bothered me (7) ________
(TERRIBLE), had I been asked to (8) ________ (ADHESION) to the rules. By that time, after all,
I scarcely needed NIH’s name or (19) __________ (ASSOCIATE) to support me; had they
insisted on holding me to the same standards they did everyone else, I would have accepted one
of the offers from Johns Hopkins or Georgetown that were extended to me (10) ______
(ANNUAL).
III. Translate the following text into English. 10 points

Apoi am citit trei pagini fără să mă opresc. Erau foarte bine și foarte limpede scrise, dar în
mansardă era cald, și eu mă gîndeam că peste o lună voi fi în Dumbrava Sibiului. Până seara
citisem douăzeci și șapte de pagini și îmi mai rămăseseră o sută nouăzeci și una. Aceasta
pentru că la patru și jumătate m-am dus să fac dușul rece; la cinci și jumătate m-am convins că
sufăr de foame și am coborât să mănânc; la șase jumătate am citit o revistă; la șapte mi-a fost
sete, la șapte și un sfert mi s-a rupt creionul, la șapte jumătate am devenit melancolic auzind
ciripitul păsărilor, la opt m-am socotit persecutat (...).
(Mircea Eliade, Romanul adolescentului miop)
Pagina 2 din 4
SUBIECTUL B – INTEGRATED SKILLS (60 points)
Read the text below and do the tasks that follow.
Umberto Pelizzari was about 25 metres beneath an azure Sardinian sea when he spotted an ideal
place to moor the boat. Taking the anchor with his bare hands, he fastened it sturdily to the
bottom, then surfaced slowly, calmly preserving the only air he had with him – that in his lungs --
and scissoring the powerful legs that had borne him scores of times up from other, more profound
reaches of the deep.
Pelizzari, one of the world’s best-known free-divers, had students waiting for him on the boat off
the northern point of this island, due west of the glamorous Emerald Coast. Watching him secure
their anchor in this unconventional way, they saw little reason to be afraid. Having broken nearly
all the world records in breath-hold diving in the 1990’s, Pelizzari now wanted to share the magic,
self-control and dizzying excitement of penetrating the depth and solitude of the ocean with little
more than a mask, fins, some weights and sheer force of will.
Until recently, free-diving, or apnea, had been dominated by a relatively elite, competitive
community of iron-lung athletes. These masters of the underwater universe seemeed to defy the
constraints of physics by descending thousands of metres, using no breathing apparatus
whatsoever. Up to the 1960’s, scientists had thought the chest would collapse at depths greater
than 38 metres. Today, Pelizzari would consider that a dip in the pool. He is among only a handful
of people on the planet able to sink to inky, silent reaches of more than 150 metres on a lungful
of air. At those levels, he says, the heart can slow to seven to nine beats per minute from an
average of 70 for a person at rest, while the atmospheric pressure compresses the lungs to the
size of a grapefruit. I wondered what could possibly be the allure? ’It’s not about being Superman,’
Pelizzari said, shielding his eyes from the bright Sardinian sun. ’Relaxation and concentration are
the most important parts of my method.’
This meditative emphasis is, it turns out, somewhat unique in free-diving, a sport that is sometimes
punctuated by daredevils driven to outdo each other and organisations that reward them for
setting new records. Since retiring from competition in 2001, Pelizzari has set about developing
an education method that instead places a premium on security, relaxation and strong sensations.
’If your only other experience in water was with a snorkel on the surface for ten minutes, and you
are instead able to snorkel under water at ten metres for one minute – and relax while doing so –
you are going to have a great time,’ said Glenn Venghaus, an instructor on one of Pelizzari’s
courses.
I found this approach difficult to follow when I tried free-diving in Sardinia’s blue waters. Seeing
free-diver friends far beneath the waves, playing with an octopus hidden in a fantastic granite
cave, or swimming among clouds of tiny black fish – I wanted to do the same. Yet the thought of
not having enough breath to resurface, and the fear that my eardrums would pop under the
pressure preoccupied me so much that I had trouble seeing how anyone could find pleasure from
diving deep. I did manage it in the end, though. With each dive on a single breath I went deeper,
eventually making it to 13.3 metres – my emotional equivalent of Pelizzari’s 150 metres. My
reward was to experience a serenity I had never known in deep water, and the exhilaration of
discovering that I could rest in the depths without fear.

Pagina 3 din 4
I. For each question decide which answer (A, B, C or D) fits best according to the text. 10 points
1. In the first paragraph, what does the writer observe about Pelizzari?
A. the time it took him to find a suitable place to secure the anchor
B. the depth he managed to reach when underwater
C. the speed at which he moved through the water using just his legs
D. the ease with which he controlled the amount of air he used
2. According to the text, why did the students see little reason to feel afraid?
A. They were unaware of the dangers free-diving might entail.
B. They were aware of Pelizzari’s competence.
C. They knew Pelizzari would follow the rules.
D. They had brought the right equipment with them.
3. What contrast is made between Pelizzari’s technique and other forms of free-diving?
A. His technique makes free-diving more demanding physically.
B. It takes longer to get to the deepest levels using his technique.
C. Individuals are less competitive when using his technique.
D. There are fewer opportunities to practise his technique.
4. What difficulty did the writer have when she first went free-diving?
A. She ran out of breath after a short time.
B. Her apprehension made enjoyment impossible.
C. She was put off by watching others doing it.
D. Her eardrums were badly affected by being underwater.
5. What does the writer mean by “my emotional equivalent” in the last paragraph?
A. She felt she had reached a level she was proud of.
B. She felt upset that she could go no further.
C. She felt an exhilaration she had not anticipated.
D. She felt inadequate compared to Pelizzari.
II. Starting from the text above, write an essay reflecting on water. (250-280 words)
50 points

Pagina 4 din 4

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Ministerul Educaţiei

Centrul Naţional de Politici și Evaluare în Educație

Etapa județeană/sectoarelor municipiului București a olimpiadelor naționale școlare –

A. Answer the following questions, according to the text. 8 points

Probă scrisă la limba engleză clasa a XII-a secțiunea B

C. Rephrase the following sentences so as to preserve the meaning. 6 points

1. The history of reading is a topic that probably interests all readers.

III. Translate the following text into English. 10 points

SUBIECTUL B – INTEGRATED SKILLS (60 points)

Read the text below and do the tasks that follow.

Probă scrisă la limba engleză clasa a XII-a secțiunea B

Probă scrisă la limba engleză clasa a XII-a secțiunea B

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