LEARNING MODULE IN

MATHEMATICS 10

MATHEMATICS 10 PAGE 1
 Module in Mathematics 10

A. Course Code – Title : Grade 10 - Mathematics

B. Module No – Title : Module 18 - Chapter 5: Coordinate Geometry
Lesson 1 – The Distance and Midpoint Formulas
C. Time Frame : 1 week – 4 hrs.
D. Materials : Module, Textbooks, Calculator, and Internet if available

Chapter 5 covers key concepts of plane coordinate geometry specifically the distance between
two points, the midpoint of two points, and the equation and graph of a circle.
Previously, you have learned that the distance between any two points on a number line can
be determined by the absolute value of the difference between their coordinates.
In this module, the single dimension of a line is now extended to the two-dimensional Cartesian
plane. A different distance formula will be used. You will learn how to derive the formula in finding the
distance between two points and the midpoint of two and you will be able to apply it in proving
geometric relationships and solving problems.

At the end of the week, students on their own, should be able to:

SCIENTIA (BIASA)

1. Identify and describe the parts of the Cartesian coordinate plane.

2. Describe and plot points on the coordinate plane.
3. Derive the distance formula.
4. Derive the midpoint formula.

VIRTUS (MAGANACA)

1. Observe honesty, fairness and justice in performing the activities.

COMMUNITAS (MAYAP)
1. Find the distance between the two given points.
2. Determine the midpoint of the two given points.
3. Apply the distance formula in deriving and proving some geometric properties.

MATHEMATICS 10 PAGE 2
 MODULE MAP

PLANE COORDINATE GEOMETRY

The Distance Between Two Points The Equation of a Circle

The Midpoint of Two Points The Graph of a Circle

Problems Involving Geometric

Figures on the Coordinate Plane

Activity: Make me complete.

Topics: The Distance Between Two Points
The Midpoint of Two Points
K W L
(What I know or think I (What I want to know) (What I learned)
know)

MATHEMATICS 10 PAGE 3
The Distance Between Any Two Points

Study Math on Motion on page 220.

The distance between any two points is always nonnegative. It is positive when two points
are different, and zero if the points are the same. If A and B are two points, then the distance from A
to B is the same as the distance from B to A. That is AB = BA

Consider two points that are aligned horizontally or vertically on the coordinate plane.
The directed distance between any two points on the x-axis or any two points that lie anywhere on
the plane, parallel to the x-axis, is equal to the absolute value of the difference of their x-coordinates,
/x2 – x1/.

Likewise, the vertical distance between any two points is the absolute value of the difference of their
y-coordinates, /y2 – y1/.

Note: See page 223 for the derivation of the distance formula.

The Distance Formula:

Given two points and their coordinates in the Cartesian plane:
A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2)

The distance AB or the length of ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐵 is given by

𝑨𝑩 = √(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐

Examples:

1. Find the distance between the given points A (1, 5) and B (-4, 5).

Solution: x1 = 1 y1 = 5
x2 = -4 y2 = 5 AB = ?
Substitute the given in the formula
𝑨𝑩 = √(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐 B (-4, 5) A (1, 5)

= √/−𝟒 − 𝟏/𝟐 + /𝟓 − 𝟓/𝟐

= √/−𝟓/𝟐 + /𝟎/𝟐

= √𝟓𝟐
AB = 5

MATHEMATICS 10 PAGE 4
2. Determine the length of a segment whose endpoints are at (-2, 4) and (6, 0).
Solution: x1 = -2 y1 = 4

x2 = 6 y2 = 0
(-2, 4)
Substitute the given in the formula
?
𝒅 = √(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐

= √/𝟔 − (−𝟐)/𝟐 + /𝟎 − 𝟒/𝟐

= √/𝟖/𝟐 + /−𝟒/𝟐
(6, 0)
= √𝟔𝟒 + 𝟏𝟔

𝒅 = √𝟖𝟎 simplify by using its factors whose one of the factors is a perfect
square

𝒅 = √𝟏𝟔(𝟓) extract the root of 16

𝒅 = 𝟒√𝟓

3. If the distance between the points (1, 8) and (x, 8) is 5, find the value of x.

Solution: x1 = 1 y1 = 8
x2 = x y2 = 8
d=5
Substitute the given in the formula
𝒅 = √(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐

5 = √/𝒙 − 𝟏/𝟐 + /𝟖 − 𝟖/𝟐

5 = √(𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐

(5)2 = (√(𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐)2 square both sides to get rid of the radical sign
25 = (x – 1)2
25 = x2 – 2x + 1
x2 – 2x + 1 = 25 take the additive inverse of 25
x2 – 2x + 1 – 25 = 0 simplify
x2 – 2x – 24 = 0 solve for the value of x using any methods in solving
quadratic equation
(Note: x2 – 2x – 24 is factorable)
(x – 6) (x – 4) = 0 factor out x2 – 2x – 24
x – 6 = 0; x – 4 = 0 equate each factor into zero
x = 6 and x = 4

MATHEMATICS 10 PAGE 5
4. The Quezon City Memorial Circle is considered the kilometer zero marker (serves as the
point of the origin). If you live in a location 6 km North and 8 km East of Quezon City
Memorial Circle, what is the actual distance (not the driving distance based on possible
routes) of your house from the Quezon City Memorial Circle?

(8, 6)

W E
(0, 0)

Solution: x1 = 0 y1 = 0
x2 = 8 y2 = 6

Substitute the given in the formula

𝒅 = √(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐

= √/𝟖 − 𝟎)/𝟐 + /𝟔 − 𝟎/𝟐

= √/𝟖/𝟐 + /𝟔/𝟐

= √𝟔𝟒 + 𝟑𝟔

𝒅 = √𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒅 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒎

Find me!

MATHEMATICS 10 PAGE 6
The Midpoint of Any Two Points

The midpoint of any two points is defined as the point halfway or in the middle of the line segment
that joins the two points. It is equidistant from the two points.

The same as in finding the distance between two points, the midpoint of any two points in the
coordinate plane may be solved by using a formula.

Note: See page 227 for the derivation of the formula.

The Midpoint Formula:

Given two points and their coordinates in the Cartesian plane:
A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) as the endpoints of ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ,

the coordinates of the midpoint M of ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐵 is given by
𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐
Mx = , My =
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐
M( , )
𝟐 𝟐

Examples:

1. Find the midpoint of the line segment joining the points (8, -2) and (-2, 4).

Solution: x1 = 8 y1 = -2
x2 = -2 y2 = 4
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2
Mx = , My =
2 2
(-2, 4)
8+(−2) −2 + 4
Mx = , My =
2 2
(3, 1)
6 2
Mx = , My =
2 2
(8, -2)
Mx = 3 , My = 1

 M (3, 1)

MATHEMATICS 10 PAGE 7
 2. If the endpoints of the diameter of a circle are (-5, -6) and (1, 0), find the coordinate of the
center of the circle.

Solution: x1 = -5 y1 = -6
x2 = 1 y2 = 0 (1, 0)
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2
Mx = , My =
2 2
−5+(1) −6 + 0
Mx = , My = (-2, -3)
2 2
−4 −6
Mx = , My =
2 2

Mx = -2 , My = -3

(-5, -6)
 M (-2, -3)

Meet Me Halfway!

Answer Math Skills Milestones

Letter B on page 229.

Being MAGANACA AT MAYAP

One simple yet powerful advice can give to a person seeking
for happiness and contentment in life is to distance
him/herself from toxic people and make God the midpoint of
his/her life. If you want to truly grow and bloom into a better
person, you must cut off all ties with people who prevent you
from doing so. One must center God and His teachings of good
will and righteousness instead.

MATHEMATICS 10 PAGE 8
 ✓ The distance AB or the length of ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 is given by
𝒅 = √(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 ) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐
𝟐

✓ The coordinates of the midpoint M of ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐵 is given by
𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐
Mx = , My =
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐
M( , )
𝟐 𝟐
✓ The distance and midpoint formulas have useful
real-life applications especially in the fields of
geometry and measurement.

References:
Books:

Mario C. Oli & Helma Y. Mesa (2018) Practical Math 10 Textbook. Makati City, Philippines: DIWA
Learning Systems Inc.

Alexander G. Lopez & Rowell Andrew R. Recio (2014) Conceptual Math & Beyond 10. Quezon City,
Philippines: Brilliant Creations Publishing, Inc.

Joan Eunice T. Tolentino, May Maricel B. De Gracia, Juan Carlos C. Barroza, Nino P. De Guzman,
Soccorro A. Pilor, & Paulino T. Gureng (2017) Realistic Math 10. Quezon City, Philippines: Sibs
Publishing House, Inc.

https://www.google.com/search?q=segment+of+a+circle&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=0vqVb
H4kMIoIOM%252CVa25ilqBDq65CM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-
kQ8mmf5wPomLPEVGEDdV5xKM0KNOQ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjEzYGQnuPqAhVnzIsBHfEsDMkQ_
h0wAnoECAkQCA&biw=1366&bih=667#imgrc=njHi9snUGAWsFM

https://www.google.com/search?q=sector+of+a+circle&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahU
KEwip1oaK8-
LqAhUxL6YKHf14DYUQ_AUoAXoECBQQAw&biw=1366&bih=667#imgrc=5zeJ7XadkyCKZM&imgdi
i=CaGmk_OTbS4wjM

https://www.google.com/search?q=take+aways+clipart&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjAia2FofrqAhU
PzIsBHe5KDJoQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=take+aways+clipart&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCABQqZEBWKmRAWCBowFoAHAA
eACAAcwBiAHMAZIBAzItMZgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=2oElX8C0Ko
-Yr7wP7pWx0Ak&bih=667&biw=1366#imgrc=kFNIYRvGPtb8IM

MATHEMATICS 10 PAGE 9
https://www.google.com/search?q=30-60-
90+triangle+theorem&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiorsSAp-
PqAhVGE6YKHZPQBBMQ_AUoAXoECA0QAw&biw=1366&bih=667#imgrc=ob6O-sa69wsf9M

https://www.google.com/search?q=45-45-
90+triangle+theorem&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi86smnquPqAhWrL6YKHd-
jCWwQ_AUoAXoECA4QAw&biw=1366&bih=667#imgrc=mOFyHYvyTdUt2M

https://www.google.com/search?q=remember+clipart&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=2cQ6vrI
QJWd1DM%253A%252CdTGrBKFicgMMVM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-
kT3aijIC8c5jil3nF4IQDVvHsMTTg&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjrs7nOx5XqAhXWZt4KHe7IAwoQ9QEwBX
oECAsQNw&biw=1354&bih=666#imgrc=W_ObvavGSJ8iFM

https://www.google.com/search?q=now+it%27s+your+turn+clipart&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=
X&ved=2ahUKEwiV667cz5XqAhWTH3AKHQYkAsIQ_AUoAXoECAsQAw&biw=1354&bih=666#imgr
c=4biMooMlh3BoTM

https://www.google.com/search?q=check+smiley+clip&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiCpvXQ3ZbqAhV
H7JQKHZ4CDjcQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=check+smiley+clip&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoGCAAQBxAeOggIABAIEAcQHlDzjwJYu
ZwCYKqyAmgAcAB4AIABswGIAbsHkgEDMC43mAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWc&sclient=img&e
i=nVPxXsLjG8fY0wSehbi4Aw&bih=666&biw=1354#imgrc=sGiiFROTZKZkSM

https://www.google.com/search?q=time+to+reflect+clipart&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiszr6pvpfqA
hX1xIsBHUMmAX8Q2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=time+to+reflect&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgCMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAgg
AMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADoECCMQJzoHCCMQ6gIQJzoECAAQQzoHCAAQsQMQQ1CD5gJY744DYK
KjA2gBcAB4A4AB5gOIAf8ykgEKMC4yMi45LjMuMZgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nsAEK&sclien
t=img&ei=AbnxXuxJ9YmvvA_DzIT4Bw&bih=666&biw=1354

Prepared by:

YANINA D. MANALO, LPT

Teacher, Mathematics Grade 10

MATHEMATICS 10 PAGE 10