Chapter Three Main

CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Description of the Study Area
Oda town is found in South Western Ethiopia in Kaffa zone, SNNPRS. Oda town is the
administrative town of Tello Woreda, is located at 513 kilometers southwest from the capital
city, Addis Ababa. According to Tello Woreda finance and economic development office
report of 2012, the total population of the town is estimated to 14,995, of which 7757 are
males and 7238 females: the town inhabitant is about 3950 number of households.
Figure 3.1 map of the study area
Source: SNNPR, Bureau of Finance and Economy development, 2020
3.2. Research Design and Approach

The study will employ descriptive research design. This is the fact that it will help to describe
the current status of good governance practice in public sectors in the study town. In addition,
descriptive research design is advantageous to collect in-depth data from knowledgeable
respondents. Also it helpful to describe what the reality or what actually exist in current
within a situation such as current practices, progresses and situations of different aspects of
the research.
The approach adopt to undertake this research will mixed. Mixed approach is a research
design, which involves both the qualitative and quantitative approaches in a single study. As
Creswell explain, all methods have limitations and felt that biases inherent in a single method
could neutralize or cancel the biases of other methods (Creswell, 2006).
Qualitative research approach is typically will be used to answer questions about a complex
nature of the phenomena often with a purpose of describing and understanding from the
participant's point of view. As a result, qualitative approach is important to interpret the
realities of the study concerns from an aspect of the respondents view and opinion (Creswell,
2006). Additionally, data will be collect for qualitative interpretation will be crosscheck and
blend with survey data for one another triangulation. Data collected for the purpose of
quantitative approach will be interpret having been summarized in form of frequency,
tabulation, bar and pie charts by using MS Excel 2016.
3.3. Sampling Techniques and Sample Size

3.3.1. Study Population
The populations of this study are house holders/Service users in Oda town. According to
Tello Woreda finance and economic development office report of 2012, the total population
of the town is estimated to 14,995, of which 7757 are males and 7238 females: the town
inhabitant is about 3950 number of households.
3.3.2 Sampling Techniques

The study used both simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Firstly, purposive
sampling is used to select Kaffa Zone.
Then, Because of the researcher’s exposure, Oda town is selected in order to assess the good
governance practices in public service delivery.
Because, the town residents are suffering by scarcity of basic necessities such as pure
drinking water, electricity, and transportation services as the researcher observed the
grievances of the residents.
Simple random sampling design was used to select the respondents of questionnaires.
Purposive sampling was also used for the selection of key informants for an interview and
focus group discussions.
3.3.3 Sample Size
The researcher will be used a formula of sample size determination developed by Jeff (2001)
as cited in Bekalu Dibaba (2016) to determine the total sample size for this study, as follow.
2
X NP(1−P)
S= 2 2
d N−1+ X P(1−P)
Whereas,
S = represents required sample size
X2 = the table value of chi-square for 1 degree of freedom at the desired confidence level
(3.841)
N = represents the total population size (3950 households) d = the margin error (0.05).
P = the population variability (assumed to be 0.1 since the population is homogeneous in

terms of geography, similar social class, and similar economic activity.
When this formula will be applied to the above sample, we get:
3.841∗3950∗0.1(1−0.1) 1365.4755
S= = =133
0.5 ( 3950−1 ) +1.96 0.1(1−0.1) 10.21819
2 2
Therefore, the researcher will be used 133 households as sample size.
Table 3.1 Table of Sampled household for the Study
Name of Kebele Total household Sampled household Method of selection
Oda 3950 133 Random sampling
Source: Tello Woreda finance and Economic Development Office, 2020
3.4. Type and Source of Data

In this study, both primary and secondary source of data will used. Sources of primary data
will be sample household respondents/service users, leaders of public sectors, mayor and
counsellor of town administration. Secondary data sources will be written materials
including books, journals, articles, international organizations and NGO reports, official
documents, good governance principle documents, and published reports that relating to the
study topic.
3.5. Methods of Data Collection
The primary data will gathered by using survey questionnaire, focus group discussion and
Key informant interview.
3.5.1. Questionnaire
To collect data, the researcher will be prepared both close-ended and open-ended questions
for the heads of household i.e. service users. The closed-ended questionnaires will be chosen
for it is easy to fill out, takes little time, keeps the respondents on the subject, is relatively
objective and is fairly easy to tabulate and analyse, whereas, the open-ended questions will be
used to gather additional information. In line with this, the open-ended questions will be used
because it gives a chance for respondents so as to express their own ideas, feelings and
understanding about the issue freely.
For questionnaires, heads of households/service users will be select randomly because

random sampling gives equal chance of selection.
3.5.2. Interview
It is one of the methods that will be use to collect qualitative data. It supplements the data
will be collect from individual heads of households through questionnaire and to have a
detailed insight. In the area, a discussion covered different topics with 10 key informants,
purposefully selected informants from the Water, electricity and transportation public sectors
and also service users because of their depth of knowledge on the study issue.
3.5.3. Focus Group Discussion (FGD)

It was used to support the data obtained from the heads of households/service users through
survey, and Key informant interview with representatives of public sectors. The discussions
will held with a group of individuals composed of representatives from kebele administration,
mayor and counselor of town administration, elders, women and youth. The discussions will
held in two rounds. The first round group discussion will held with representatives from
Kebele administration, mayor, and counselor of town administration, office of water,
electricity and transportation sectors with a total number of seven participants. And also, the
second round will be conducted with representatives from service users a total number of
seven participants. A checklist will be prepared to guide the discussion.
In order to remove any redundancy, from the discussions, the researcher made an effort to
create very conducive situation, were the participants of the discussions can speak all
information they have without any hesitation. In conducting this, the role of the researcher
were taking notes and put necessary concepts on the paper in an organized manner during
and after the discussion.
3.6. Methods of Data Analysis

After the data gathered, data edition and cleaning will be undertake and organize
systematically in accordance with the objective of the study. In the course of data collection,
completeness of the answers, accuracy of the answers and uniformity of the data collectors in
interpreting instruction will checked. At the end, both qualitative and quantitative methods of
data analysis will employed. Quantitative data gathered from the questionnaire will be
analysed in a descriptive way and presented using tables, pie charts, bar graph, verbal
explanations and percentages to enable easy interpretation and quick visual comparisons of
variables.
The researcher will be also used Microsoft Excel. On the other hand, information obtained
from key informants, focus group discussions will be narrative, and qualitative in nature as a
result, will be interpret based on the perception of respondents and blend with quantitative
analysis.
3.7. Ethical Consideration

It is important for the participants to clarify the goal of the study, why, by whom, how the
study will carried out, as well as the advantage and the disadvantages of taking part in this
study. This approach will helps to ensure that they are able to make an informed decision
about taking part in the study. Consequently, before distributing questionnaires to the
respondents, the researcher systematically follows necessary legal and ethical requirements.
Therefore, the respondents will inform that the information that they are going to give is
confidential.

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CHAPTER THREE

Figure 3.1 map of the study area

Source: SNNPR, Bureau of Finance and Economy development, 2020

3.2. Research Design and Approach

3.3. Sampling Techniques and Sample Size

3.3.2 Sampling Techniques

S = represents required sample size

P = the population variability (assumed to be 0.1 since the population is homogeneous in

When this formula will be applied to the above sample, we get:

Therefore, the researcher will be used 133 households as sample size.

Table 3.1 Table of Sampled household for the Study

Name of Kebele Total household Sampled household Method of selection

Oda 3950 133 Random sampling

Source: Tello Woreda finance and Economic Development Office, 2020

3.4. Type and Source of Data

For questionnaires, heads of households/service users will be select randomly because

3.5.3. Focus Group Discussion (FGD)

3.6. Methods of Data Analysis

3.7. Ethical Consideration

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