TABLE OF SPECIFICATION-ed 106

TABLE OF SPECIFICATION
A Table of Specifications is a two-way chart which describes the topics to be covered by

a test and the number of items or points which will be associated with each topic. It ensures that
the test developed assess the content taught and the learning experience given to the students. It
helps align the test with learning objectives and their cognitive levels. Moreover, it defines the
amount of the test to assess each objective. In nutshell, a Table of Specifications precisely
illustrates the scope and focus of a test.
 The purpose of a Table of Specifications is to identify the achievement domains being

measured and to ensure that a fair and representative sample of questions appear on the
test.
 A Table of Specifications allows the teacher to construct a test which focuses on the key
areas and weights those different areas based on their importance.
 A Table of Specifications provides the teacher with evidence that a test has content
validity, that it covers what should be covered.
Designing a Table of Specifications

Tables of Specification typically are designed based on the list of course objectives, the
topics covered in class, the amount of time spent on those topics, textbook chapter topics, and the
emphasis and space provided in the text. In some cases a great weight will be assigned to a
concept that is extremely important, even if relatively little class time was spent on the topic.
Three steps are involved in creating a Table of Specifications:
1) Choosing the measurement goals and domain to be covered,
2) Breaking the domain into key or fairly independent parts- concepts, terms, procedures,
applications, and
3) Constructing the table.
How can the use of a Table of Specifications benefit your students?

A Table of Specifications benefits students in two ways. First, it improves the validity of
teacher-made tests. Second, it can improve student learning as well.
A Table of Specifications helps to ensure that there is a match between what is taught and
what is tested. Classroom assessment should be driven by classroom teaching which itself is
driven by course goals and objectives. In the chain below, Tables of Specifications provide the
link between teaching and testing.
Objectives Teaching Testing
Tables of Specifications can help students at all ability levels learn better. By providing
the table to students during instruction, students can recognize the main ideas, key skills, and the
relationships among concepts more easily. The Table of Specifications can act in the same way
as a concept map to analyze content areas. Teachers can even collaborate with students on the
construction of the Table of Specifications- what are the main ideas and topics, what emphasis
should be placed on each topic, what should be on the test? Open discussion and negotiation of
these issues can encourage higher levels of understanding while also modeling good learning and
study skills.
The table below shows example of Table of Specification for 25 items exam in the topic - Ang
Panitikan ng Pilipinas.
TABLE OF SPECIFICATION
PAGSUSULIT – ANG PANITIKAN NG PILIPINAS
RETREIVAL COMPREHENSION ANALYSIS TOTAL
TOPICS Recognizing/Recalling/ Comprehending/Integrating/ Matching/Analyzing/
Executing Symbolizing Evaluating
MGA ANYO NG PANITIKAN # % Item# # % Item# # % Item# # %
I. Mga Akdang Tuluyan 5 20% 1-3, 6-7 5 20% 11-13, 16-17 3 12% 21-23 13 52%
II. Mga Akdang Patula 5 20% 4-5, 8- 5 20% 14-15, 18-20 2 8% 24-25 12 48%
10
TOTAL 10 40% 10 40% 5 20% 25 100%
TYPES OF OBJECTIVE TEST

Objective tests are questions whose answers are either correct or incorrect. They tend to
be better at testing 'low order' thinking skills, such as memory, basic comprehension and perhaps
application (of numerical procedures for example), and are often (though not necessarily always)
best used for diagnostic assessment. However, this still affords a great variety of both textual and
numerical question types including, but not limited to: calculations and mathematical
derivations, MCQs, fill-in-the-blanks questions and short essay questions.
In brief, objectives tests are written tests that require the learner to select the correct
answer from among one or more of options or complete statements or perform relatively simple
calculations.
What can objective type of tests assess?
Objective types of test are useful to check that learners are coming to terms with the basics of
the subject in order that they have a firm foundation and knowledge. They are useful because:
 can test a wide sample of the curriculum in a short time

 can be marked easily; technology can assist with this
 less reliance on language skills of the students
 useful for diagnostic purposes; gaps and muddled ideas can be resolved.
We are concerned with developing objective test for assessing the attainment of educational
based on Bloom's taxonomy in this Chapter. For this purpose, we restrict our attention to the
various types of paper-and -pencil test: (a) true-false item, (b) multiple-choice type items, (c)
matching items, (d) enumeration (e) completion and (f) essays.
Development of paper-and-pencil tests requires careful planning and expertise in terms of

actual test-construction. The more seasoned teachers can produce true-false items that can test
eve higher order thinking skills and not just rote memory learning. Essays are easier to construct
than the other types of objective test but the difficulty with which paper-and-pencil tests grades
are derived from essay examinations often discourage teachers from using this particular form of
examination in actual practice.
PAGSUSULIT – ANG PANITIKAN NG PILIPINAS

Multiple Choice
1. Ito ay isang paglalahad ng mga pang- araw-araw na pangyayari sa lipunan, pamahalaan, mga
industriya at agham, mga sakuna at iba pang paksang nagaganap sa buong bansa.
A. Balita
B. Magazine
C. Lahalain
2. Ito ay nagsasalaysay ng kagitingan ng isang tao na hindi kapani-paniwala at puno ng

kababalaghan?
A. Dalit
B. Prosa
C. Dula
D. Epiko
3. Ito ay mga likhang - isip lamang ng mga manunulat ang mga maikling salaysaying ito na ang
tanging layunin ay makapagbigay aral sa mga mambabasa.
A. Anekdota
B. Elehiya
C. Tula
D. Tuluyan
4. Naglalarawan ng mga mahahalagang tagpo o pangyayari sa buhay tulad ng kabiguan sa pag-

ibig, mga suliranin sa buhay at panganib sa pakikipagdigma o kagitingan ng mga bayani.
A. Tulang Pasalaysay
B. Dulang pasalaysay
C. Kwentong pasalaysay
D. Pelikulang pasalaysay
5. Ito ay tungkol sa mga paksang may kinalaman sa mga dugong bughaw na ang layunin ay
palaganapin ang Kristiyanismo na dala ng mga Kastila.
A. Korido
B. Awit
C. Awit at korido
D. Dula
Matching Type
_________6.. Nagsasalaysay ng kagitingan ng isang tao na

hindi kapani-paniwala at puno ng kababalaghan
_________7. Salaysaying may isa o ilang tauhan na may A. Oda

isang pangyayari sa kakintalan.
B. Tuluyan o prosa
__________8. Ito ay nag papahayag ng damdamin at
sinusulat ng pasaknong? C. Patula
__________9.. Nagpapahayag ng kaisipan. Ito'y isinusulat D. Maikling Kwento

ng patalata.
F. Epiko
__________ 10. Ito ay pagbibigay pugay sa nagawa ng
isang tao, masigla ang nilalaman at walang katiyakan ang
bilang ng mga pantig sa bawat taludtod.
Tama o Mali.
11. Sa kuwentong bayan ay inilalarawan ang mga pangyayaring pangkaugalian ng mga tauhang
nagsisiganap upang mabigyan ng kabuuan ang pag-unawa sa kanila ng isang mababasa.
12. Sa kuwento ng ikababalaghan ay pinag-uusapan ang mga salaysaying hindi kapanipaniwala.
13. Sa kuwentong katutubong kulay ay ukol sa mga pangyayaring kasindak-sindak.
14. Ang balada ay mga salitang patalinghagang karaniwang ginagamit sa araw-araw.
15. Ang pastoral ay mga tulang naglalarawan ng paraan ng pamumuhay sa kabukuiran
Enumeration
Magbigay ng Dalawang Uri ng Maikling Kwento
16.
17.
Magbigay ng Tatlong Uri ng Tula
18.
19.
20.
Identification/Fill in the Blanks

________21. . Ito'y nagpapahayag ng kuru-kuro o opinyon ng may akda tungkol sa isang
suliranin o pangyayari.
_______22. Isang uri ng balita tungkol sa isang local nay unit ng pamahalaan tulad ng barangay.
_________23. Ito ay buod ng kaisipan o opinyon ng isang tao na pinababatid sa pamamagitan ng
pagsasalita sa entablado para sa mga pangkat na mga tao.
________24. Tulang liriko na binubuo ng labing-apat na taludturan na hinggil sa damdamin at
kaisipan.
________25. Tulang inaawit habang may nagsasayaw . Ginagawa ito noong matagal na
panahon.
Mga Sagot:
1. A
2. D
3. A
4. A
5. C
6. F
7. D
8. C
9. B
10. A
11. MALI
12. TAMA
13. MALI
14. MALI
15. TAMA
16-17
 Kuwento ng tauhan
 Kuwento katutubong kulay
 Kuwentong bayan
 Kuwentong kababalaghan
 Kuwentong katatakutan
 Kuwento ng madulang pangyayari
 Kuwento ng sikolohiko
 Kuwento ng pakikipagsapalaran
 Kuwento ng katatawanan
 Kuwento ng pag-ibig
18-20
 Tulang liriko o damdamin

 Tulang pasalaysay
 Tulang patnigan
 Tulang pantanghalan o padula
21. Sanaysay
22. Balita Panglokal
23. Talumpati
24. Soneto
25. Balad

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TABLE OF SPECIFICATION

A Table of Specifications is a two-way chart which describes the topics to be covered by

 The purpose of a Table of Specifications is to identify the achievement domains being

Designing a Table of Specifications

How can the use of a Table of Specifications benefit your students?

TYPES OF OBJECTIVE TEST

What can objective type of tests assess?

 can test a wide sample of the curriculum in a short time

Development of paper-and-pencil tests requires careful planning and expertise in terms of

PAGSUSULIT – ANG PANITIKAN NG PILIPINAS

2. Ito ay nagsasalaysay ng kagitingan ng isang tao na hindi kapani-paniwala at puno ng

4. Naglalarawan ng mga mahahalagang tagpo o pangyayari sa buhay tulad ng kabiguan sa pag-

_________6.. Nagsasalaysay ng kagitingan ng isang tao na

_________7. Salaysaying may isa o ilang tauhan na may A. Oda

__________9.. Nagpapahayag ng kaisipan. Ito'y isinusulat D. Maikling Kwento

Identification/Fill in the Blanks

 Tulang liriko o damdamin

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