Exercise 1

1. Ranking: a, f, c, e, b, d
Choice (d) is the least precise because it provides the least information, (a) is the most precise
because it provides the most information. If Eli and Sarah made plans for the future, then they
certainly discussed it. But just discussing it is more vague- they could do that with or without
making plans

2. Ranking: d, b, a, e, c
Choice (c) is the least precise because it provides the least information, (d) is the most precise
because it provides the most information.

3. Ranking: (c, d), b, a

Choice (c) and (d) are almost equally precise, providing the most information but differ in
what they provide. Choice (c) is the least precise because it provides the least information.

4. Ranking: b, a, e, d, c
Choice (c) is the least precise because it provides the least information, (b) is the most precise
because it provides the most information.

5. Ranking: d, c, e, a, b
Choice (b) is the least precise because it provides the least information, (d) is the most precise
because it provides the most information.

6. Ranking: c, e, a, d, b
Choice (b) is the least precise because it provides the least information, (c) is the most precise
because it provides the most information. (a) and (e) is equally precise

7. Ranking: d, b, e, c, a
Choice (a) is the least precise because it provides the least information, (d) is the most precise
because it provides the most information.

8. Ranking: d, b, e, c, a
Choice (a) is the least precise because it provides the least information, (d) is the most precise
because it provides the most information.

9. Ranking: d, a, b, c, e
Choice (e) is the least precise because it provides the least information, (d) is the most precise
because it provides the most information.

10. Ranking: d, a, b, c
Choice (c) is the least precise because it provides the least information, (d) is the most precise
because it provides the most information.

Exercise 2
 1. The claim is too vague to be useful. The problem is the phrase “noticeable decrease”
which could mean anything within a wide range of cost decreases.
2. The claim is too vague to be useful. The problem is the phrase “all kinds of people”
which could mean anyone.
3. The claim is too vague to be useful. The type of store is unknown
4. The claim is too ambiguous. It is unknown who is in the car.
5. The claim is too vague. The time of the appointment is unknown.
6. The claim is too vague. Who is considered rich people?
7. The claim is too ambiguous. Did he give it to her or the cat?
8. The claim is too vague. The kind of violence is unknown
9. The claim is clear
10. The claim is too ambiguous. The sentence isn’t clear
11. The claim is too vague. What amount of exercise is considered “modest exercise”
12. The claim is too vague. There are no clues in finding the robber.
13. The claim is ambiguous. Did the prostitutes appeal in court or draw their attention?
14. The claim is clear
15. The claim is too ambiguous. Are they looking for the teachers of each subject or a
teacher that can teach all 3 of the subjects?

Exercise 3
1. Answer (b) is more precise
2. Answer (b) is more precise
3. Answer (a) is more precise
4. Answer (a) is more precise
5. Answer (a) is more precise
6. Answer (b) is more precise
7. Answer (b) is more precise
8. Answer (a) is more precise
9. Answer (b) is more precise
10. Answer (a) is more precise
11. Answer (a) is more precise
12. Answer (b) is more precise
13. Answer (b) is more precise
14. Answer (b) is more precise
15. Answer (b) is more precise

Exercise 4
1. "piano" is defined by an analytically definition
2. “Decaffeinated” is defined by synonym
3. “a successful philosophy major” is defined by example
4. "red planet" is defined by synonym.
5. “UV” is defined by synonym
6. “The Cheyenne” is defined by example
7. “Data” is defined by synonym
 8. "Chiaroscuro" is defined by synonym
9. "Bìocals" is defined by an analytically definition
10. "red" is defined by an analytically definition
11. The claim is too vague. Who is a significant other
12. "Assessment" is defined by synonym.
13. “A blackout” is first defined by synonym, then by example
14. “A pearl” is first defined by synonym, then by example
15. “bored person” is defined by an analytically definition
Exercise 5
1. Imprecise. There are no guidelines for how much longer the person want the steak to
be cooked
2. Precise
3. Precise
4. Precise
5. Imprecise. There are no guidelines for how to lower the consumption of sugar and
refined carbohydrates.
6. Precise
7. Precise
8. Imprecise. Information about the lifetime guarantee is unknown
9. Imprecise. What is unsafe levels of carbon monoxide, how to not set the wick on the
kerosene stove too high?
10. Precise / Imprecise. For a first-timer or an inexperienced cook, this phrase is not
sufficiently precise

Exercise 6:
There are some expressions are too vague in the context:
1. “ Should be”
2. “ Thanksgiving”

Exercise 7:
There are some expressions are not too imprecise in the context:
1. “feeding”
2. “frequently”
3. “when the nights begin cooling off”
There are some expressions are too imprecise in the context:
1. “label-recommended amounts”
2. “new year’s growth begins”
3. “each bloom period ends”
4. “immediately after bloom”

Exercise 8:
1. The Raider tackle blocked the Giants linebacker.
2. Please close the door after you come in
3. We heard that he wrote you a letter informing you of what he said
4. How Therapy Can Help Victims of Torture
5. Charles pulled his gun from its holster
6. A week ago, they were both exposed to someone who was ill
7. Chelsea nose resembles Hillary's
8. I just put in new thermostats, and I flush the cooling system regularly
9. "Tuxedos prices Cut Ridiculously!"
10. 6 Coyotes The Maul Girt Are Killed by Police
11. We make no promises
12. Since I was elected governor, this is the greatest disaster we've experienced
13. Second sentence: More than on disease can be carried and passed along to humans by
a single tick.
14. "Don't let your beer freeze at the game"
15. Volunteer help requested: Come with construction helmet and work overalls, and be
prepared to lift heavy equipment
16. We make good things happen
17. "Tropicana 100% Pure Florida Squeezed Orange Juice. You can't choose a better
juice"
18. So remember, Arm and Hammer laundry detergent gets your wash as clean as can be,
and it does it without polluting our waters"
19. Dunkelbrau-for those who crave the best-tasting real German beer
20. Houndstooth cleanser is better than any other product at getting your bathroom clean.
21. We're going to look at empty lots this afternoon
22. Jordan could write additional profound essays
23. "Two million Americans every day love to eat, Rice-a-Roni—the San Francisco
treat."
24. "New York's first commercial human sperm-bank opened Friday with semen samples
from 18 men; the samples were frozen in a stainless steel tank."
25. When she lay down to nap, she was disturbed by a noisy cow
26. "More than half of expectant mothers suffer heartburn. To minimize symptoms,
suggests Donald O. Castell, M.D., of the Graduate Hospital in Philadelphia, avoid big,
high-fat meals and don't lie down for at least three hours after eating."
27. "Abraham Lincoln wrote the Gettysburg address on the back of an envelope while
traveling from Washington to Gettysburg."
28. When Queen Elizabeth appeared before her troops, they all shouted "harrah"
29. "When Queen Elizabeth appeared before her troops, they all shouted 'harrah.'"
30. Before the officers' arrival, the two suspects fled the area in a white Ford Mustang,
driven by a third male.
31. AT&T, for as long as your business lasts.
32. This class might have had a member of the opposite sex for a teacher
33. Married 10 times before, woman gets 9 years in prison for killing her husband
34. "Average hospital costs are now an unprecedented $2,063.04 per day in California.
Many primary plans don't pay as much as 20% of that amount."
35. "I am a very enthusiastic Mustang fan."
 36. "Visitors are expected to arrive at the office between the hours of 9:00 and 11:00 a.m.
daily."
37. "Order your summer suit. Because there is a big rush we will take customers in strict
rotation."
38. "Please do not feed the animals. If you have any suitable food, give it to the guard on
duty."
39. "Our wines leave you with nothing to hope for."
40. "Our Promise—Good for your life."
41. Clear Thinking involves hard work.
42. Break Through to Cadillac

Exercise 9:
1. group
2. group
3. as a group
4. individual
5. group
6. as a group
7. individual
8. group
9. as individuals
10. as individuals
11. individuals
12. group
13. individuals
14. individuals
15. group

Exercise 10:

1. More likely to persuade

2. Not likely to persuade
3. Not likely to persuade
4. More likely to persuade
5. Not likely to persuade

Exercise 11:

1. Definitions can be organized into two colossal characterizations, intensional

definitions (which endeavor to give the sensation of a term) and extensional
definitions (which endeavor to list the articles that a term portrays).
2. To look bad means it brings out negativity about that word used. To look bad which
means it brings out positivity and the neutral means when it balances out.
3. Definition that looks bad
 4. Depression: Depression is a feeling that makes you miserable as you stop caring for
self, makes you feel you are useless and harm yourself
5. Promise: Promise is always given to others and everytime this is broken because
people are never true to others.
6. Definition that looks happy
7. Happiness: Happiness spreads all over which brings positive vibes and pleasure.
8. Exercise: Exercise means keeping you physically active, happy and healthy in life.
9. Definition that is neutral
10. Parents: Parents try to maintain equality among their children in every way.
11. Democracy: Democracy treats all citizens in their country equally.

Exercise 12:
7-1-2-4-5-6-3-8

Exercise 13:
1-6-4-1-3-2-5

Exercise 15:
1. Students should choose their majors with considerable care
2. When students choose their major, they must do so carefully.
3. True citizens understand their debt to their country.
4. If nurses can find nothing wrong in the preliminary examination, physicians will be
recommended. However, in this city physicians wish to protect themselves by having
clients sign a waiver
5. It is necessary to expect to be interviewed by a personnel director. Also, it is vital to
be cautious when talking to him.
6. The entrants must indicate that they have read the rules, that they understand them,
and that they are willing to abide by them. If they have questions, then they should
bring them to the attention of an official, and they will answer them.
7. Soldiers should be prepared to sacrifice their lives for their comrades
8. If someone wants a refund, they should apply at the main office and have their
identification with them.
9. People who have tried our tea know that it will neither keep them awake nor make
them jittery.
10. Petitioners over sixty should have completed form E-7
11. Not everyone has the same beliefs. People may not wish to put themself on the line,
whereas another may welcome the chance to make their view known to their friends.
12. God created men in their own image.
13. Language is nature's greatest gift to humanity