Troop Leading Procedure

THE TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES ARE THE DYNAMIC PROCESSES BY WHICH A

LEADER RECEIVES, PLANS AND EXECUTES A MISSION :
1. RECEIVE MISSION
2. ISSUE WARNING ORDER
3. MAKE A TENTATIVE PLAN
4. INITIATE MOVEMENT
5. CONDUCT RECON
6. COMPLETE THE PLAN
7. ISSUE OPORD
8. SUPERVISE, REFINE, REHEARSE

RECEIVE MISSION
Receive a mission alert in the form of combat order
● Warning Order (WARNO)
● Operations Order (OPORD)
● Fragmentary Order (FRAGO) .
Identify Critical Times such as :
● Start Point (SP)
● Rehearsals
● Reconnaissance
● Initiate Movement
● Anticipated Enemy Actions

STEP 1 : RECEIVE A MISSION

RESTATED MISSION STATEMENT STEP
● A clear, concise statement of the mission essential task to be accomplished and purpose
to be achieved by the unit.
● Remember what type you are leading (sqd, plt, company) .
● Do not just regurgitate the same mission statement of next higher head quarters.
● Answer the who, what, when, where why and about the mission.
TIME ANALYSIS .
● 1/3 - 2/3 Rule
● Backward Planning Process .

STEP 2 : ISSUE A WARNING ORDER

● Situation .
● Enemy forces
● Friendly forces
● Attachments and Detachments
● Mission
● Execution
● Maneuver
 ● Fires
● Task to Maneuver
● Task to Combat Support Unit
● Coordinating Instructions
● Service Support • General
● Material and Services Personnel
● Miscellaneous
● Command Signal

STEP 3 : MAKE A TENTATIVE PLAN

● Detailed mission analysis focuses planning
● Can develop more than one course of action
● Develop into the Operations Order or Fragmentary
● Order format
● Plan is tentative until reconnaissance is complete .
● METT-T (Mission, Enemy, Terrain, Troops, Time
● ОАКОС
○ O - Observing and Fields of Fire
○ A-avenues of Approach
○ K-key and Decisive Terrain .
○ O - obstacle .
○ C-Cover and Concealment
● Principles of War
● BOS-Base Operation support .

STEP 4 : INITIATIVE MOVEMENT

● May occur at any point in the Troop Leading Process
● The steps do not have to be accomplished in order
● Includes movement to positions closer to LD, initial inspections, reconnaissance, battle
drill rehearsals or Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) items.
● Can be conducted by subordinate leaders
● If the reconnaissance reveals a change in the situation, the plan must be adjusted
accordingly

STEP 5 : CONDUCT RECON

Reconnaissance Operations
● Reconnaissance operations are those operations undertaken to obtain, by visual
observation or other detection methods, information about the activities and resources of
an enemy or potential enemy, or to secure data concerning the meteorological,
hydrographical or geographical characteristics and the indigenous population of a
particular area.
RECONNAISSANCE FUNDAMENTALS
● The seven fundamentals of successful reconnaissance operations are as follows :
○ Ensure continuous reconnaissance.
 ○ Do not keep reconnaissance assets in reserve.
○ Orient on the reconnaissance objective.
○ Report information rapidly and accurately.
○ Retain freedom of maneuver.
○ Gain and maintain enemy contact.
○ Develop the situation rapidly.

STEP 6 : COMPLETE THE PLAN

The commander must conduct an analysis or wargame of the course of action. This forces you
to fight your course of action against the enemy's most probable course of action to determine if
the plan is viable.

● May or may not alter the tentative plan as a result of the recon
● Refine concept and plans for fire
● Focus on specific tasks of all elements
● Make the plan simple

STEP 7 : ISSUE OPORD

5 paragraph sample in Operation Order
1. Situation
a) Enemy Forces
1) Situation (enemy, weather, and terrain).
2) Capabilities.
3) Probable course of action.

b) Friendly Forces.
1) Mission of Next higher unit.
2) Mission of adjacent units (left, right, front, rear).
3) Mission and location of supporting elements.

c) Attachments and Detachments.

2. Mission, Who, What, When. Why and Where (coordinates).

3. Execution.
a) Concept of Operation.
1) Scheme of maneuver.
2) Formation.
3) Route.
4) Tactical Missions to subordinate Units.

b) Subunit Subparagraphs.

c) Coordinating Instructions.
4. Service Support.
a) Supply.
1) Rations.
2) Uniforms and Equipment.
3) Arms and Ammunition.
4) Captured Materiel.

b) Transportation.

c) Medical Evacuation.

d) Personnel.

e) Prisoners of War.

5. Command and Signal.

a) Signal.
1) Frequencies and Call Signs.
2) Pyrotechnics and Signals.
3) Challenge and Password.
4) Code Words.

b) Command.
1) Command Leader Location.
2) Chain of Command.

STEP 8 : SUPERVISE and REHEARSE

Supervise
The best plan may fail if it is not managed correctly. Once you issue the order, you must
continue to refine the plan, continue coordination with adjacent units, and supervise combat
preparation and execution.

Supervise
● Re-supply, H2O and rations
● Inspect uniform, equipment, weapons and ammunition
● Movement and Protections
● Communication & Maintenance
● Fire Support and Engineering activities
● Brief backs

Rehearse
Rehearsals are essential to ensure that everybody understands what the other unit is going to
do and ensures full integration and synchronization of assets.
Rehearse
1. Radio Rehearsal
2. Map Rehearsal
3. Sketch Map Rehearsal
4. Terrain Model Rehearsal
5. Key Leader Rehearsal
6. Full Rehearsal

Rehearse
1. Fire and Maneuver (Battle Drills)
2. Actions on unexpected enemy contact
3. Action on objective
4. Breaching obstacles
5. Assaulting bankers/enter building
6. Clearing of trench
7. Loading and unloading of aircraft

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Problem solving and its process

Scope and Limitations

● Basic steps of problem-solving
● Understanding the problem
● Devising a plan
● Carrying out the plan
● Implementing the steps

Problem Solving
● Define the problem
● Generate ideas
● Evaluate and select solutions
● Implement and evaluate

Define the problem

- Solving the problem starts with understanding and identifying the problem. If there is any
unclear information be sure to ask. Get feedback from others and list all the components.

● Understand the root cause

● Approach the problems by asking why
● List the important details
● Get multiple perspective
Generate alternative solutions
- To get the idea on how to solve the problem is to know what kind of outcome you want.
Always communicate with others. Ideas that have similarities can be combined to get a
better one.

● Determine how to resolve the problem

● Identify the desired outcome
● Brainstorm to get multiple ideas
● Potentially combine the similar ideas for a better one

Evaluate and select an alternative

- Assess which solution is best and will work for those who are involved. Communication
is a must to get others' perspective on which is most effective. Take into considerations
that more problems may arise

● Choose a strategy
● Evaluate other possibilities
● Get others feedback to improve the plan
● Measure the possible successful outcomes
● Adjust and select the solutions

Implement and follow up on the solution

- The most important part is to implement and follow the plan. Carefully carry out the plan
and expect for more problems to arise. Overcoming challenges by adjusting and
recording each steps to not be lost.

● Verify each step before and after doing it

● Record each step of the plan
● Communicate with others in the process

RESERVIST AND RESERVE FORCE DEVELOPMENT

It is a universally accepted principles among military theorists and historians that to be victorious in the
conduct of warfare. It is imperative for any armed force to secure and maintain a reliable reserve
component that allows commanders the needed window of flexibility necessary to adapt to the changing
mechanics of conflict.

The enactment of RA 7077 otherwise known as The Armed Forces of The Philippines Reservist Act of
1991 increases the momentum of the country's military modernization and preparedness efforts.

DEFINITION OF TERMS:
Career Course — pertains to the course required for career progression (Basic, advance and etc) which
provides AFOS such as: Infantry, Armor, Artillery, Quartermaster, Signal Engineer, Finance, Ordnance, etc.
Non - Resident Career Course - course offered by PA Service Schools to junior and company grade
inactive reserve officers to prepare them to assume as company commander, battalion commander or
brigade staff of the PA Reserve Force.

Active Duty Training - a call to active duty of inactive reserve officer and enlisted reservist for the purpose
of training. The training may involve updating of skills and knowledge on military techniques, doctrines,
policies and regulations in order to upgrade his state of preparedness for integration with the active
component in time of emergency.

Inactive Reserve - a commissioned officer and enlisted reservist not performing regular military
duty with the AFP.

Mobilization - the utilization of the reserve force in times of war or national emergency.

Mobilization Center - a designated area or place wherein reservists will report when mobilization
is ordered.

Deserving Non-Commissioned Officer (NCO)-enlisted personnel in the grade of E-3 (Corporal)

or higher including E-7 (Master Sergeant), who has conspicuously demonstrated meritorious
and valuable service.

Grade - the military rank of a commissioned officer of the AFP.

Separation - the severance of all connections linking a reserve officer with the AFP. It includes
the termination of appointment as a reserve officer as a result of resignation, deferment of
promotion and administrative or court martial action.

SOURCES OF ENLISTED RESERVISTS

Citizen Soldiers - alternately referred to as reservists, who compose the reserve force, are those
reservists of the Armed Forces of the Philippines who are incorporated into the reserve force, as
follows :

1. Graduates of the ROTC basic and advance course and who were issued orders as enlisted
reservists or reserve officers of the AFP.

2. Graduates of the authorized basic military training instructions who, as a result thereof, were
issued orders as enlisted reservists or reserve officers.

3. Ex-servicemen and retired officers of the AFP and other Armed Forces that have diplomatic
relations with the Philippines who were honorably discharge or retired from the service and who
are Filipino

4. Recognized World War II guerillas who were honorably discharge from the service citizens
upon their application.
5. Commissioned and non-commissioned officers under the affiliated reserve category and
graduates of the National Defense College of the Philippines (NDCP).

6. Commissioned, non-commissioned officer and privates under the existing laws including
those procured under Project 36-70 and included in the present AFP roster before the
enactment of RA 7077 and those to be commissioned or enlisted after the enactment of said
act.

7. Graduates of MS-43/POTC 8. Disbanded/honorably separated members of CAFGU.

CLASSIFICATION OF RESERVE FORCE UNITS

1. Ready Reserve - the ready reserve shall be composed of citizen soldiers belonging mostly to
the first category reserve and others as provided in RA 7077 who shall be organized, trained
and maintained as mobilizable ready reserve subject to call at any time to augment the regular
Armed Force of the AFP not only in times of war or national emergency but also to meet local
emergencies arising from calamities, disaster and threats to peace.

Degree of readiness to respond to the call to service :

Ready Reserve I - units maintained in a high degree of readiness as to be ready for operational
employment in not more than seven (7) days after activation.

Ready Reserve II - units maintained in a high degree of readiness as to be ready for operational
employment in not more than fifteen (15) days after activation

Any reservists or citizen soldier belonging to the second category reserve and/or the third
category reserve, particularly the commissioned and non-commissioned officers, who will
volunteer to serve with the ready reserve shall be allowed. Members of the AFP affiliated
reserve units of various government and private utilities and services considered essential for
the preservation of the economic stability of the country or particular locality, such as power and
electricity, water supply, transportation and communications, among other, regardless of their
categorization, shall be classified as ready reserve.

• All citizen soldiers belonging to the first category reserve except those exempted under RA
7077, shall be required to serve with ready reserve units and will have assignments and
promotions in accordance with existing policies of the AFP until transferred to the standby
reserve by virtue of their age.

The following citizen soldiers may be exempted from rendering service with said reserve units :

a. Active members of the armed forces of the Philippines and the Philippine national police.
b. Those who are residing abroad but only during the duration of their absence from the
Philippines.

c. Those who are physically and mentally unfit to serve their tour of duty.

d. Those who are convicted of crimes involving moral turpitude. e. Those who may be exempted
from duty for valid reasons which may be authorized on a case-to-case basis by appropriate
and competent authority.

2. Standby Reserve - shall be composed of citizen soldiers belonging mostly to the second
category reserve and the third category reserve, except as provided in RA 7077. The members
of the standby reserve shall be organized and assigned to specified reserve units and shall be
maintained through annual assembly tests to update their records and their present addresses,
among others. The standby reserve may be mobilized or ordered to active duty in times of
national emergency or war. The ranks of the members of the standby reserve may be upgraded
if they voluntarily participate in training or serve with the ready reserve units in their areas or if
their standby reserves units undergo retraining

3. Retired Reserve - shall be composed of citizen soldiers who have qualified for retirement
through length of service, old age, or disability. For this purpose, sixty-five (65) years shall be
considered as the retirement age. However if it qualified and fit for duty, a member of local or
national emergencies if he volunteers for active duty and when the SND determines that there
are not enough qualified citizen soldiers with his special skills and qualifications in the ready
reserve or standby reserve in his particular area of residence

ORGANIZATION
The reserve force shall be organized into five (5) components:
1. The Army Reserve Component
2. The Air Force Reserve Component
3. The Navy Reserve Component
4. The AFP-Wide Technical Reserve Component
5. The Affiliated Reserves

• The organization of each component of the reserve force and the manpower objective of each
component shall be as prescribed by the Secretary of National Defense and approved by the
President of the Philippines. The organization, structure, manning and equipment of reserve
units shall conform to the organization of the regular force. Reserve units of the battalion type or
equivalent shall be organized on a provincial basis, and reserve units of a brigade and division
type or equivalent, on regional basis

CATEGORIZATION OF RESERVISTS/CITIZEN SOLDIERS

1. First category reserve-composed of able-bodied reservists whose ages are between eighteen
(18) years and thirty five (35) years inclusive.
2. Second category reserve - composed of able-bodied reservists whose ages are between
thirty six (36) years and fifty one (51) years inclusive.

3. Third category reserve-composed of all able-bodied reservists who are above fifty one (51)
years of age.

BENEFITS SYSTEM OF RESERVISTS

1. Security of tenure in government or private employment while on military schooling - an
employee in the government including one in a government-owned or controlled corporate or
private employment with monthly operating volume of not less than twenty (20) employees who
undergo military training shall be separated or terminated from such employment, shall not be
considered as having forfeited his seniority status, if any, and shall continue to receive the salary
he was receiving prior to his call to military training.

2. Retention for maximum hospitalization a reservist/draftce who is injured or contract a disease

or sickness while undergoing training and service, not due to his intentional misconduct, willful
failure or neglect, or vicious or immoral habits, shall be retained beyond the period of his
reservists/draftee service with his consent for the necessary hospitalization and medical care
until such time that he recovers or its determined that further hospitalization will not improve his
condition.

3. Awards of ranks and assignments to reserve units of graduates of ROTC-graduates of basic

ROTC shall be given a reserve enlisted rank and serial number and assigned to reserve units
and mobilization centers in their provinces. The ranks to be awarded shall be from private to
sergant or its equivalent. Provided that the quota for non-commissioned officers shall not exced
five (5) percent of the authorized strength to the unit to which the reservists shall be assigned
after graduation

4. Promotion and appointment - the promotion similar to those prescribed for the regular force.

Officers in the inactive list shall be eligible for promotion to the next higher permanent grade
subject to the following condition :

a. there must be a vacancy in the peacetime procurement objective of the reserve force for the
grades of major and higher : provided, that such promotional vacancy shall be over those
authorized for the active list.
b. completion of the following time in permanent grade (inactive & active) for promotion in the
grade indicated or their equivalent naval grades :
• To First Lieutenant - three (3) as Second Lieutenant.
• To Captain - four (4) years as First Lieutenant.
• To Major-five (5) years as Captain.
• To Lt Colonel-six (6) years as Major.
• To Colonel-seven (7) years as Lt Colonel.
• To Brigadier General - two (2) years as Colonel. .

5. Promotion of enlisted reservist - in order to be eligible for promotion, an enlisted reservist

must satisfy all the following conditions :
a) He is carried in the roster of any of the reserve units under the promotion authority.

b) He has attained the educational qualification, length and the time-in-grade requirements.

c) He has satisfactorily completed in his present grade any of the following :

• Annual active duty training.
• Week-end duty training, Advance ROTC/WATC course.
• Assembly test/exercises.
• Any other active duty training of not less than seven (7) days in duration prescribed by
the promotion authorities.

d. He is occupying or being earmarked to occupy a TO/TD position calling for at least the grade
to which he is being promoted, and he possess the skills/qualification required of such TO/TD
position.

e. He must be able-bodied and physically fit for general military service.

f. He has no pending case or derogatory record.

6. Awards-granted to recognize actions or deeds of valor and exceptional service or

achievement.
FOUR FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF RRA
1. Reserve affairs administration.
a. Insurance coverage for PA reservists on training.
b. Sharing of human and training resources/assets.
c. Inclusion of human rights in all reservists training.
d. Procurement, admission, training and commission/CAD OD candidates for OCS.

2. Reserve manpower development.

a. Utilization of selected officer/enlisted personnel from tactical/engineer units in the ROTC
program.
b. Standard procedures in the procurement of candidates for ROTC advance course,
probationary training (MS-43) and documentation for commission in the reserve force.
c. Scholarship incentive for PA advance ROTC training

d. PA advanced ROTC entrance examination.

e. PA ROTC male and female cadet of the year.

f. The ROTC trust fund (ROTCTF) and its educational assistance program.
g. ROTC administrative and tactical inspection.

h. Administration of Philippine Army ROTC units.

i. Conduct of basic ROTC remedial course for summer 1999.

j. Conduct of basic ROTC summer remedial course.

3. Reserve force development.

a. Letter of instruction 01-94 (Paghahanda)

b. Selective recruitment of reservist for ready reserve units.

c. Unit designation of reservists brigades and battalions

d. Integration of CAFGU-AA to the reserve force.

e. AFP affiliated reserve units program

f. Procurement and separation of pa affiliated reserves.

g. Organization, training, administration, and utilization of PAARU

h. Letter of instruction (Pagsagip).

i. Mobilization of army reservists during occurrence of calamities and disaster.

4. Retirees and public affairs.

a. Fellowship with the reservists.

b. Reservist organizations and associations. SA

c. Organization of retiree and veterans cooperative.

d. Retiree and veterans assistance center (RVAC).

e. Rules and regulations to implement RA 6948, act standardizing and upgrading the benefits of
military veterans and their dependents.

f. Arrangement and conduct of funeral services.

g. Funeral services and utilization of pa mortuaries.

h. Additional units tasked for funeral honors/services.

LOGISTICS SYSTEM AND CONCEPT

LOGISTICS - is the process of planning sustainment activities, executing supply movement, and
maintenance of forces in support of military operation.

MISSION
"GETTING THE RIGHT SUPPORT TO THE RIGHT PLACE AT THE RIGHT TIME"

LEVELS OF LOGISTICS SUPPORT OPERATION

1. MANAGEMENT LEVEL- are responsible for the formulation of plans, policies and programs,
doctrines and standards of the AFP logistics organization and system.

2. OPERATING LEVEL- are responsible for the implementation and execution of logistics
guidelines and policies formulated at the management level.

3. CONSUMER LEVEL recipient of logistics support issued/distributed by units at the operating

level.

BASIC PHILOSOPHIES & CONCEPTS

1. COMMODITY MANAGERSHIP - refers to the single manager assignment system which
provides for the middle management concept of the AFP logistics system.

2. USER/PRODUCER PHILOSOPHY- intended to fix the nature of mutual dependency of the

user and the producer.

3. CRITICAL ITEM MANAGEMENT simplifies central management of items considered critical

in the inventory of the documents for logistics, J4.

COMMODITY MANAGERS

Chief, Quartermaster, PA
Chief, Engineer, PA
Chief, Ordinance & chemical svc
Chief, Commel, PA
Chief, Artillery, PA
Chief, Surgeon
Chief, Dental surgeon

CONCEPT OF LOGISTICS SUPPORT

1ST PRIORITY - combat units
2ND PRIORITY - units in garrison preparing for combat
3RD PRIORITY - garrison units
FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF LOGISTICS
1. MATERIAL MANAGEMENT - includes items or services which have either gone through or
will go through some of the stages of logistics.
2. TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT - geared toward supporting the movement of personnel
and material from one point to another in the least time and at the least cost.
3. FACILITIES AND INSTALLATION MANAGEMENT - refers to planning, acquisition,
construction, maintenance and disposition of real estate and properties.
4. LOGISTICS SERVICES MANAGEMENT - is geared towards providing combat service
support which includes food services, commissaries, health services and graves registration.

FOUR CATEGORIES OF MAINTENANCE

1. ORGANIZATIONAL MAINTENANCE - performed by the equipment operator/mechanic of the
using unit.
2. DIRECT SUPPORT MAINTENANCE - performed by trained personnel of the maintenance
unit.
3. GENERAL SUPPORT MAINTENANCE - consist of repair and replacement of unserviceable
parts beyond the scope of direct support.
4. DEPOT MAINTENANCE - consist of major overhaul or complete building

CLASSIFICATION OF SUPPLIES
1. MAJOR ITEMS - items usually support unit mission, example; m16, mortars, vehicles
2. SECONDARY ITEMS - items other than major items which mostly support major items
and which further support either personnel or equipment ex; ammunitions, spare parts
3. ACCORDING TO COST - items which are very critical usually major weapons like tanks,
aircrafts and very high in costs.

THE 10 CLASSES OF SUPPLY

Class I - Subsistence
Class II - Combat Clothing and Individual Equipment (CCIE)
Class 111 - POL
Class IV - Construction Materials
Class V - Ammunitions
Class VI - Personal Demand Items
Class VII - Major End Items
Class VIII - Medical Materials and Repair
Class IX - Repair Parts
Class X - Material to Support Non Military Program

LOGISTICS OPERATING SYSTEM

1. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - the present government policy on self reliance defense
program particularly on the weapons system is an important part of logistics system.
2. REQUIREMENT DETERMINATION - refers to the determination of what is needed and in
what quantity. Categorized Into;
- MAJOR ITEMS
- SECONDARY ITEMS
- ACCORDING TO COST TEN CLASSES OF SUPPLY

3. PLANNING/ PROGRAMMING/BUDGETING
• Planning serves the purpose of identifying objective.
• Programming refers to the orderly process of scheduling activities.
• Budgeting is the translation of the program into financial terms.

4. INVENTORY MANAGEMENT - the purpose is to improve costumer service by compensating

for time needed to produce, handle and ship supplies. If goods are on hand, a costumer may
draw them as needed.

5. PROCUREMENT - refers to acquisition of what is needed and in what quantity at the right
price and quality from the right source.

6. STORAGE - holding and keeping of supplies in readiness for future use and ready for issue
condition.

7. DISTRIBUTION - to move supplies from the source to the user which should be
accomplished in a nearly straight line as possible.

8. MAINTENANCE - task of preserving the usefulness of major end items through application of
preventive maintenance.

9. DISPOSAL - final steps in the chain of logistics activities, this occur when an items or
supplies become unserviceable and can no longer provide efficient service.

THREE TYPES OF SUPPLY DISTRIBUTION

1. UNIT DISTRIBUTION - supporting unit through echelon deliver the supplies to the user.
2. SUPPLY POINT DISTRIBUTION - users go to distribution points and pick-up their own
supplies.
3. THROUGHPUT DISTRIBUTION - from the source supplies delivered directly to the user.
(Class III, IV)