11-Comprehension Test

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COMPREHENSION TEST
Reading Comprehension that helps provide a framework for adding details. Also, look for
Comprehension is the process of making meaning from a transitional words, phrases or paragraphs that change the topic.
written text. Typically, a candidate might have difficulty Identify the Type of Reasoning
understanding due to limited vocabulary and/or a lack of familiarity Does the author use cause and effect reasoning, hypothesis,
with the subject matter. Both these constraints may be remedied model building, induction or deduction, systems thinking?
by reading more widely and making friends with a good dictionary. Anticipate and Predict
How to Improve Reading Comprehension Really smart readers try to anticipate the author and predict
Reading is all about information. It's not about the number future ideas and questions. If you're right, this reinforces your
of words you read, but the amount of value you extract from them. understanding. If you're wrong, you make adjustments quicker.
The key to improve reading comprehension isn't moving your Look for the Method of Organization
eyes across a page more quickly. It's about creating a mental Is the material organized chronologically, serially, logically,
framework that helps you process words and ideas. functionally, spatially or hierarchicaley.
With a bit of practice, anyone can read faster and more Create Motivation and Interest
productively. The steps outlined below will help you to extract Preview material, ask questions, discuss ideas with
the maximum amount of information in the least amount of time. classmates. The stronger your interest, the greater your
Before reading the text, ask yourself what you already know comprehension.
about its topic. Try to recall as much information as you can. Pay Attention to Supporting Cues
Think of related ideas you've learned in the past. Make brief notes Study pictures, graphs and headings. Read the first and last
about your thoughts or discuss what you remember with others. paragraph in a chapter, or the first sentence in each section.
Reading comprehension requires motivation, mental frameworks Highlight, Summarise and Review
for holding ideas, concentration and good study techniques. Here Just reading a book once is not enough. To develop a deeper
are some suggestions. understanding, you have to highlight, summarize and review
Improve Your Reading Comprehension by Researching the Topic important ideas.
Background information may appear on book covers and Build a Good Vocabulary
inner flaps of book jackets. Many books include an introductory
For most educated people, this is a lifetime project. The best
section and a mini-biography about the author. Book publisher's
way to improve your vocabulary is to use a dictionary regularly.
websites may also include background information. Think about
the information you read. Ask: You might carry around a pocket dictionary and use it to look up
• What kind of text is this? new words. Or, you can keep a list of words to look up at the end
• What new information did I learn, and what do I expect to learn? of the day. Concentrate on roots, prefixes and endings.
• Is this text informative or entertaining, fact or fiction? As you read, make a list of unfamiliar vocabulary words.
• What interests me about this book? Look up the meanings of the words in the dictionary, and jot
Develop a Broad Background definitions down by hand. Writing definitions by hand will help
Broaden your background knowledge by reading you remember the definition much more than by typing or by
newspapers, magazines and books. Become interested in world reading alone.
events. Monitor Effectiveness
Improve Your Understanding Good readers monitor their attention; concentration and
As you read, what questions come to mind? Read on to find effectiveness. They quickly recognise if they've missed an idea
the answers. You can think about the questions and answers or and backup to reread it.
jot them down on paper. Research indicates that writing notes by Test Yourself to Determine How Well You've Learned the
hand can increase comprehension and recall among students who material.
are not learning disabled in writing. For those who have LDs in After your reading session, quiz yourself on the main points.
writing mechanics, pair the writing with discussion to improve What was the main idea? Who are the characters in the story?
understanding and recall. What information did you learn? Jot down your thoughts in your
Know the Structure of Paragraphs own words to help you remember them and give you deeper insight
Good writers construct paragraphs that have a beginning, into the topic. If expressive writing is difficult for you, jot shorter
middle and end. Often, the first sentence will give an overview notes and discuss the reading with a friend or parent.
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DIRECTIONS (Qs. 1-95) : Read the following passage carefully 1. In the context of the passage, the culprit’s act of emptying a
and answer the questions given below. Certain words/phrases test tube containing some fluid can be classified as
are printed in bold to help you to locate them while answering (a) a terrorist attack
some of the questions. (b) an epidemic of a dreaded disease
PASSAGE - 1 (c) a natural calamity
In the second week of August 1998, just a few days after the (d) panic created by an imaginary event
incidents of bombing the US embassies in Nairobi and Dar-es- 2. In what way would the new terrorism be different from that
Salaam, a high-powered, brain-storming session was held near of the earlier years?
Washington D.C., to discuss various aspects of terrorism. The A. More dangerous and less baffling
meeting was attended by ten of America’s leading experts in B. More hazardous for victims
various fields such as germ and chemical warfare, public health,
C. Less complicated for terrorists
disease control and also by the doctors and the law-enforcing
(a) A and C only (b) B and C only
officers. Being asked to describe the horror of possible bio-attack,
(c) A and B only (d) All the three
one of the experts narrated the following gloomy scenario.
3. What was the immediate provocation for the meeting held in
A culprit in a crowded business centre or in a busy shopping August 1998?
mall of a town empties a test tube containing some fluid, which in (a) the insistence of America’s leading
turn creates an unseen cloud of germ of a dreaded disease like (b) the horrors of possible bio-attacks
anthrax capable of inflicting a horrible death within 5 days on any (c) a culprit’s heinous act of spreading germs
one who inhales it. At first 500, or so victims feel that they have
(d) None of these
mild influenza which may recede after a day or two. Then the
4. What could be the probable consequences of bio-attacks,
symptoms return again and their lungs start filling with fluid. They
as mentioned in the passage?
rush to local hospitals for treatment, but the panic-stricken people A. Several deaths
may find that the medicare services run quickly out of drugs due B. Political turmoil
to excessive demand. But no one would be able to realise that a C. Social unrest
terrorist attack has occurred. One cannot deny the possibility (a) A only (b) B only
that the germ involved would be of contagious variety capable of (c) C only (d) All A, B and C
causing an epidermic. The meeting concluded that such attacks, 5. The author’s purpose of writing the above passage seems
apart from causing immediate human tragedy, would have dire to explain:
long-term effects on the political and social fabric of a country by (a) the methods of containing terrorism
way of ending people’s trust on the competence of the (b) the socio-political turmoil in African countries
government. (c) the deadly strategies adopted by modern terrorists
The experts also said that the bombs used in Kenya and (d) reasons for killing innocent people
Tanzania were of the old-fashion variety and involved quantities 6. According to the author of the passage, the root cause of
of high explosives, but new terrorism will prove to be more deadly terrorism is:
and probably more elusive than hijacking an aeroplane or a gelignite A. religious fanatism
of previous decades. According to Bruce Hoffman, an American B. socio-political changes in countries
specialist on political violence, old terrorism generally had a C. the enormous population growth
specific manifesto - to overthrow a colonial power or the capitalist (a) A only (b) B only
system and so on. These terrorists were not shy about planting a (c) C only (d) A and B only
bomb or hijacking an aircraft and they set some limit to their 7. The phrase “such attacks”, as mentioned in the last sentence
of the second paragraph, refers to:
brutality. Killing so many innocent people might turn their natural
(a) the onslaught of an epidemic as a natural calamity
supporters off. Political terrorists want a lot of people watching
(b) bio-attack on political people in the government
but not a lot of people dead. “Old terrorism sought to change the
(c) attack aimed at damaging the reputation of the
world while the new sort is often practised by those who believe
government
that the world has gone beyond redemption”, he added. (d) bio-attack monoeuvred by unscrupulous elements
Hoffman says, “New terrorism has no long-term agenda but 8. The sole objective of the old terrorism, according to Hoffman,
is ruthless in its short-term intentions. It is often just a cacophonous was to:
cry of protest or an outburst of religious intolerance or a protest (a) plant bombs to kill innocent people
against the West in general and the US in particular. Its (b) remove colonial power or capitalist system
perpetrators may be religious fanatics or diehard opponent of a (c) make people realise the incompetence of the
government and see no reason to show restraint. They are simply government
intent on inflicting the maximum amount of pain on the victim.” (d) give a setback to socio-political order
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DIRECTIONS (Qs. 9-10) : Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE 14. According to the Japanese Ambassador, which of the
in meaning of the word printed in capital as used in the passage. following motivates the foreign investors to invest in
9. GLOOMY Indian manufacturing industry? .
(a) discouraging (b) disgusting (a) very large scope of Indian market
(c) bright (d) tragic (b) overseas remittance of profit in foreign exchange
10. CACOPHONOUS (c) assurance of continuity of the liberalisation policy
(a) loud (b) melodious (d) high productivity levels
(c) sonorous (d) harsh 15. The purpose of the author in writing this passage seems to
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 11-12) : Choose the word which is most nearly be to:
the SAME in meaning to the word printed in capital as used in (a) discourage foreign investment in India.
the passage. (b) critically examine Indian investment environment.
11. PERPETRATORS (c) paint a rosy picture of India’s trade and commerce.
(a) opponents (b) followers (d) criticize government’s liberalization policy.
(c) leaders (d) monoeuvrers 16. According to the Japanese Ambassador, India offers a
12. ELUSIVE comparative advantage to foreign investors in terms of:
(a) harmful (b) fatal (a) inexpensive labour
(c) destructive (d) baffling (b) abysmally low wage levels
PASSAGE - 2 (c) higher productivity
In a disarmingly frank talk at the Indian Merchants Chamber (d) None of these
in Mumbai, the Japanese Ambassador in India dwelt at length on 17. For seeking more and more foreign investment, the author
issues that exercise the minds of Japanese investors when they suggests that we should:
consider investment proposals in India. (a) satisfy fully the whims of our foreign collaborators.
Raising the question “What comparative advantages does (b) dismiss all critical comments on Indian conditions.
India offer as an investment market ?”, he said though labour in (c) link profit repatriations to exports.
India is expensive, wage-levels are offset by productivity level to (d) raise the quality of product to match international
a large extent. standards.
Acknowledging that the vastness of the Indian market is a 18. From the passage it can be inferred that the author is:
great inducement for investment in manufacturing industry, he (a) a political commentator.
wondered if it was justifiable to provide that overseas termittance (b) a secretary of the Japanese Ambassador.
of profit in foreign exchange be fully covered by exchange (c) a Japanese investor.
earnings as had been done. Significantly, on the eve of the Prime (d) an Indian investor.
Minister’s visit to Japan, the government delinked profits 19. The author attributes Japan’s emergence as an economic
repatriation from exports, meeting this demand. superpower to:
The Ambassador said foreign investors needed to be assured A. their ability to overcome any ordeal.
of the continuity and consistency of the liberalisation policy and B. their tenacity and perserverance despite unfavourable
the fact that new measures had been put into force by means of circumstances.
administrative notifications without amending government laws C. their ability to improvise and adapt to globally
acted as a damper. acceptable quality levels.
The Ambassador pleaded for speedy formulation of the exit policy (a) A & B only (b) B & C only
and pointed to the highly restrictive control by the government on (c) A & C only (d) All the three
disinvestment by foreign partner in joint ventures in India. 20. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true about the
While it is all too easy to dismiss critical comment on critical comments on investment conditions in India?
conditions in India contemptuously, there can be little doubt that A. These comments are difficult to be countered.
if foreign investment is to be wooed assiduously, we will have to B. These comments are received from various
meet exacting international standards and cater at least partially international quarters.
to what we may consider the idiosyncrasies of our foreign C. These comments are based more on biases than on
collaborators. The Japanese too have passed through a stage in facts.
the fifties when their products were derided as sub-standard and (a) Only C (b) Only B
shoddy. That they have come out of that ordeal of fire to emerge (c) Only A (d) A & B only
as an economic superpower speaks a much of their doggedness DIRECTIONS (Qs. 21-22): Choose the word which is most nearly
to pursue goals against all odds acceptable standards. the SAME in meaning to the word printed in capital as used in
There is no gainsaying that the paste record of Japanese the passage.
investment is a poor benchmark for future expectations. 21. ASSIDUOUSLY
13. The author has appreciated the Japanese for their: (a) persistently (b) hastily
(a) quality of products manufactured in the fifties. (c) feebly (d) diligently
(b) passing through an ordeal. 22. IDIOSYNCRASIES
(c) perseverance in raising quality of products. (a) demands (b) needs
(d) future expectations. (c) deviations (d) characteristics
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DIRECTIONS (Qs. 23-24): Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE 27. What is the result of Japanese investments in ASEAN
in meaning of the word printed in capital as used in the passage. nations?
23. INDUCEMENT (a) It could not gather momentum for want of infrastructure.
(a) incentive (b) motive (b) The experiment failed because of stiff competition from
(c) impediment (d) temptation other countries.
24. JUSTIFIABLE (c) China and South-East Asian countries objected to
(a) unreasonable (b) formidable Japanese investments.
(c) temptation (d) inevitable (d) The passage does not provide complete information..
PASSAGE - 3 28. Which of the following is TRUE about the author’s view
Since July 1991, the government of India has effectively put regarding India’s participation in world trade?
the liberalisation policy into practice. The drastic steps even (a) India should actively contribute in a big way as it had
include some administrative reforms for pruning the government tremendous resources.
agencies. Last year the Japanese business circles represented by (b) India’s sharing in global economy has already been
the Ishikawa Mission called attention of their Indian counterparts very fast and beyond its resources.
to what they considered to be the major impediments in India. (c) India should refrain from making efforts in enlarging its
However, thanks to the almost revolutionary reforms put into export market.
effect by the Indian government, those impediments either have (d) India needs to first strengthen its democracy.
been removed or now are on their way out. This development 29. It can be inferred from the content of the passage that the
gives a new hope for the future of economic co-operation between author is a/an
the two countries. At the same time, it should be borne in mind (a) political analyser (b) Japanese bureaucrat
that there is a stiff competition with other countries, notably China
(c) economist (d) Japanese politician
and South-East Asian countries, in this regard. The success stories
30. The author seems to appreciate India’s national integrity
of ASEAN countries welcoming Japanese investments with
and political stability particularly in view of which of the
adequate infrastructure are already known in India but it may be
useful if further studies of Japanese joint ventures in ASEAN following ?
countries be made by Indian business circles. The coastal areas A. the size of the country
of China have initiated a very active campaign to welcome foreign B. India’s population
economic participation. C. its internal complexity
(a) None of the three (b) All the three
Beyond our bilateral relationship, India’s more active
participation in global economy is needed. India certainly deserves (c) A & B only (d) B & C only
a far bigger share of world trade considering its vast resources. It 31. The author feels that India has a better status in the world
is strongly hoped that the Indian government’s recently initiated market because of its:
effort of enlarging its export market would bear fruit. (a) success in political stability and national integration in
democratic set-up.
India has steadfastly maintained its parliamentary democracy
since independence. Considering its size, its population and its (b) vast population.
internal complexity, the overall maintenance of national integrity (c) giant size.
and political stability under parliamentary democracy is (d) effective bilateral relationship with other countries.
remarkable and admirable indeed. Here lies the base for the status 32. Which of the following statements is TRUE in the context of
of India in the world. By effectively implementing its economic the passage?
reform with the support of public opinion, this democratic polity A. India’s successful experiment of economic reform has
of India has again demonstrated its viability and resilience. At become an inspiration to the world.
the same time, it gives hope and inspiration to the whole world B. Size, population and internal complexity of our country
which faces the difficult problem of North-South confromation. are the barriers in the way of attaining national integrity
25. The Ishikawa Mission during its visit to India emphasized on: and political stability.
(a) future economic co-operation between Japan and India. C. A few government agencies were not in favour of
(b) need for removing policy and/or implementation liberalisation policy at the beginning.
hurdles. (a) A only (b) B only
(c) need for a stiff competition. (c) C only (d) All the three
(d) striking down revolutionary reforms. DIRECTIONS (Qs. 33-34) : Choose the word which is most nearly
26. How did the Indian government react to the hurdles in the the SAME in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the
way of bilateral trade between India and Japan? passage.
(a) The government, in principle, agreed for removal of 33. RESILIENCE
these hurdles. . (a) quietening (b) amplifying
(b) Bureaucracy succeeded in maintaining a status quo. (c) existence (d) adaptability
(c) Government thought it was against liberalisation policy. 34. PRUNING
(d) The Japanese delegation could not forcefully argue their (a) activating (b) trimming
case. (c) punishing (d) encouraging
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DIRECTIONS (Qs.35-36) : Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE (a) Only B and C
in meaning of the word printed in bold as used in the passage. (b) Only A and B
35. STIFF (c) Only A
(a) stubborn (b) indelible (d) Only B
(c) tense (d) yielding 38. In India traditionally the doctors were being guided mainly
36. IMPEDIMENTS by which of the following?
(a) exaggeration (b) compendium (a) High technology (b) Good knowledge
(c) obstacle (d) benefit (c) Professional ethics (d) Power over patient
PASSAGE - 4 39. What caution have proponents of indigenous systems
There is no field of human endeavour that has been so sounded against medical practitioners?
misunderstood as health. While health which connotes well-being (a) Their undue concern for the health of the person.
and the absence of illness has a low profile, it is illness representing (b) Their emphasis on research on non-communicable
the failure of health which virtually monopolises attention because diseases.
of the fear of pain, disability and death. Even Snshruta has warned (c) Their emphasis on curing illness rather than preventive
that this provides the medical practitioner power over the patient health measures.
which could be misused. (d) Their emphasis on restoring health for affluent members
Till recently, patients had implicit faith in their physician of the society.
whom they loved and respected, not only for his knowledge but 40. Why has the field of health not been understood properly?
also in the total belief that practitioners of this noble profession, (a) Difficulty in understanding distinction between health
guided by ethics, always placed the patient’s interest above all and illness.
other considerations. This rich interpersonal relationship between
(b) Confusion between views of indigenous and western
the physician, patient and family has, barring a few exceptions,
system.
prevailed till the recent past, for caring was considered as important
as curing. Our indigenous systems of medicine like ayurveda and (c) Highly advanced technology being used by the
yoga have heen more concerned with the promotion of the health professionals.
of both the body and mind and with maintaining a harmonious (d) Not given in the passage.
relationship not just with fellow-beings but with nature itself, of 41. Why, according to the author, have people in India survived
which man is an integral part. Healthy practices like cleanliness, in spite of poverty?
proper diet, exercise and meditation are part of our culture which (a) Their natural resistance to communicable diseases is
sustains people even in the prevailing conditions of poverty in very high.
rural India and in the unhygienic urban slums.
(b) They have easy access to western technology.
These systems consider disease as an aberration resulting (c) Their will to conquer diseases.
from disturbance of the equilibrium of health, which must be
corrected by gentle restoration of this balance through proper (d) None of these.
diet, medicines and the establishment of mental peace. They also 42. Which of the following pairs are mentioned as ‘contrast’ in
teach the graceful acceptance of old age with its infirmities the passage?
resulting from the normal degenerative process as well as of death (a) Western concept of life and science.
which is inevitable. (b) Technology and science.
This is in marked contrast to the western concept of life as a (c) Western physician and western-educated Indian
constant struggle against disease, ageing and death which must physician.
be fought and conquered with the knowledge and technology (d) Indian and western concepts of life.
derived from their science: a science which, with its narrow
dissective and quantifying approach, has provided us the 43. Why does the author describe the contributions of science
understanding of the microbial causes of communicable diseases as remarkably poor?
and provided highly effective technology for their prevention, (a) It concentrates more on health than on illness.
treatment and control. This can rightly be claimed as the greatest (b) It suggests remedies for the poor people.
contribution of western medicine and justifiably termed as ‘high’ (c) It demands more inputs in terms of research and
technology. And yet the contribution of this science in the field technology.
of non-communicable diseases is remarkably poor despite the far
(d) None of these.
greater inputs in research and treatment for the problems of ageing
like cancer, heart diseases, paralytic strokes and arthritis which 44. The author seems to suggest that
are the major problems of affluent societies today. (a) we should give importance to improving the health
rather than curing of illness.
37. Which of the following has been described as the most
outstanding benefits of modern medicine? (b) we should move towards becoming an affluent society.
(a) The real cause and ways of control of communicable (c) ayurveda is superior to yoga.
diseases (d) good interpersonal relationship between the doctor and
(b) Evolution of the concept of harmony between man and the patient in necessary but not sufficient.
nature (d) ayurvedic medicines can be improved by following
(c) Special techniques for fighting ageing western approaches and methods of sciences.
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DIRECTIONS (Qs. 45-46) : Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE 50. The author thinks that openness in budget is essential as it
in meaning of the word printed in bold as used in the passage. leads to:
45. Inevitable (a) prevention of tax implications
(a) Undesirable (b) Unsuitable (b) people’s reluctance to accept their moral duties
(c) Detestable (d) Avoidable (c) exaggerated revelation of the strengths and weaknesses
46. Degenerative of economy
(a) Recuperative (b) Revolving (d) None of these
(c) Productive (d) Innovative 51. The author seems to be in favour of :
(a) maintaining secrecy of budget
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 47-48) : Choose the word which is most nearly
(b) judicious blend of secrecy and openness
the SAME in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the
(c) transparency in budget proposals
passage.
(d) replacement of public constitution by secrecy
47. Connotes
52. The secrecy of the budget is maintained by all of the
(a) Helps (b) Cures
following countries except:
(c) Follows (d) Confirms
48. Aberration A. Finland B. India
(a) Observation (b) Alternative C. United States
(c) Deviation (d) stimulate (a) Only A (b) Only B
(c) Only C (d) A and C
PASSAGE - 5 53. Which of the following statements is definitely TRUE in the
We have inherited the tradition of secrecy about the budget context of the passage?
from Britain where also the system has been strongly attacked by (a) The British Government has been religiously
eminent economists and political scientists including Peter Jay. maintaining budget secrecy.
Sir Richard Clarke, who was the originating genius of nearly every (b) Budget secrecy is likely to lead to corrupt practices.
important development in the British budgeting techniques during
(c) Consulting unjustifiable taxes with public helps make
the last two decades, has spoken out about the abuse of budget
them accept those taxes.
secrecy: “The problems of long-term tax policy should surely be
(d) None of these
debated openly with the facts on the table. In my opinion, all
54. Sir Richard Clarke seems to deserve the credit for:
governments should have just the same duty to publish their
expenditure policy. Indeed, this obligation to publish taxation (a) transformation in the British budgetary techniques.
policy is really essential for the control of public expenditure in (b) maintenance of secrecy of the British budget.
order to get realistic taxation implications.” Realising that (c) detection of abuse of transparency in budget.
democracy flourishes best on the principles of open government, (d) bringing down the tax load on British people.
more and more democracies are having an open public debate on 55. From the contents of the passage, it can be inferred that the
budget proposals before introducing the appropriate Bill in the author is:
legislature. In the United States the budget is conveyed in a (a) authoritarian in his approach.
message by the President to the Congress, which comes well in (b) a democratic person.
advance of the date when the Bill is introduced in the Congress. (c) unaware of India’s recent economic developments.
In Finland the Parliament and the people are already discussing in (d) a conservative person.
June the tentative budget proposals which are to be introduced 56. For making the budget realistic, the Government should:
in the Finnish Parliament in September. Every budget contains a (a) refrain from making public the proposed provisions
cartload of figures in black and white - but the dark figures represent before finalisation.
the myriad lights and shades of India’s life, the contrasting tones (b) discuss it secretly within themselves.
of poverty and wealth, and of bread so dear and flesh and blood (c) encourage the public to send in their suggestions.
so cheap, the deep tints of adventure and enterprise and man’s (d) consult the public, defend their own plans and accept
ageless struggle for a brighter morning. The Union budget should public suggestions.
not be an annual scourge but a part of presentation of annual DIRECTIONS (Qs. 57-58) : Choose the word which is most nearly the
accounts of a partnership between the Government and the people. SAME in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
That partnership would work much better when the nonsensical 57. SCOURGE
secrecy is replaced by openness and public consultations, (a) ritual (b) presentation
resulting in fair laws and the people’s acceptance of their moral (c) whip (d) compromise
duty to pay. 58. MYRIAD
49. How do the British economists and political scientists react (a) adequate (b) functional
to budget secrecy? They are: (c) incompatible (d) abundant
(a) in favour of having a mix of secrecy and openness.
(b) indifferent to the budgeting techniques and taxation DIRECTIONS (Qs. 59-60) : Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE
policies. in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
(c) very critical about maintenance of budget secrecy. 59. FLOURISHES
(d) advocates of not disclosing in advance the budget (a) disappears (b) degenerates
contents. (c) vanishes (d) blooms

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60. DEBATED 61. What was Jawaharlal Nehru’s consideration for helping
(a) questioned severely African nations?
(b) opposed strongly (a) The people in the continent were extremely backward
(c) accepted unconditionally (b) The Bandung Conference was held in Afrcan Continent
(d) discussed frankly (c) African Continent is emotionally related to Asian
PASSAGE - 6 Continent
(d) Nehru had promised the British rulers to help Africa
The Prime Minister’s recent trip to Nigeria, the first bilateral
after independence
prime ministerial visit to Africa since Jawaharlal Nehur’s 45 years
62. The example of Myanmar given by the author proves:
ago, recalls a long neglected Indian obligation. “It is up to Asia to
(a) that when China patronizes a country it does not allow
help Africa to the best of her ability,” Nehru told the Bandung
other nations to enter
Conference in 1955, “because we are sister continents. “The Prime
(b) India’s foresight to feed its growing hunger for energy
Minister’s proposed strategic partnership with African nations
(c) Myanmar’s political acumen to have symbiosis with
might at last make good that 52-year old promise and also, perhaps,
China
challenge China’s expedient diplomacy.
(d) that a country’s political wisdom does not necessarily
In the intervening years, the West’s sanctimonious boycott establish economic stability
of many African regimes - after nearly a century of extreme colonial 63. Which of the following is the author’s suggestion to India
exploitation – left the continent in the grip of oppressive rulers to break the Chinese monopoly?
looking for new political sponsors, arms-sellers and trading (a) Move away cautiously but quickly from the African
partners. Not only was it an abdication of the developed world’s nations
responsibility to the world’s least developed region, sanctions (b) Arrange P. M’s regular visits to African countries
actually compounded the sufferings of poorer Africans. The Darfur (c) Outline a strategic plan of investment in the African
killings continue and there is no mellowing of Robert Mugabe’s countries
repression in Zimbabwe. (d) None of these
A bandoned by the West Africa looked elsewhere. Beijing 64. From the contents of the passage, it can be inferred that the
filled the vacuum by eagerly embracing dangerous and unsavoury author’s views are:
regimes in its search for oil and other minerals. China demonstrated (a) in favour of India gaining an edge over China
its influence by playing host to 48 out of 53 African leaders a year (b) against India’s entering into a competition with China
ago in a jamboree that was historic as well as historical. Historic (c) in favour of not making any investment in African
because China has succeeded in becoming the pre-eminent outside countries
power in Africa and its second biggest trading partner. Historical (d) appreciate of oppressive and barbaric African rulers
because modern Chinese diplomacy draws on the Middle 65. The author considers the claims of the Chinese Foreign
kingdom’s ancient formula; the tribute system. It was how the Ministry regarding third party as:
son of Heaven brought those nations whom the Celestial Empire (a) just and worthy of trust
called “barbarians’ into his imperial trading and , through it, cultural (b) true but slightly exaggerated
and political system. (c) too exorbitant to be true
Contemporary China’s economic penetration of Africa also (d) None of these
heralds a new era of cultural and political ties though the Chinese 66. Which of the following best explains the term “Middle
foreign ministry repeatedly assure the world that “our cooperation kingdom’s ancient formula”?
is not designed to be against or preclude any third party.” This is (a) Rendering free hand for political, cultural & commercial
untrue in a world of finite resources. Once the Chinese are upliftment
established in a country, no one else gets a foothold. Myanmar, (b) Influencing the underdeveloped countries through
where India failed to obtain the desired gas concessions, is a apparently patronizing policy
prime example. Aware that the hunt for energy is a zero-sum game, (c) Referring the underdeveloped folks as barbarians and
China’s leadership courts African leaders with regular visits and mistreating them
substantial grants. (d) Becoming pre-eminent outside power and thus ruling
After decades of neglect – Vajpayee’s Africa visit over a over them
decade ago was to attend a Commonwealth Summit– India will 67. Which of the following was/were the reason(s) for the
have to move cautiously but quickly if it is to break China’s backwardness of African Nations?
monopoly. Along with investing in Africa’s human capital, ,China (1) Mistreatment by the alien rulers
has outlined a strategic investment plan to build three to five (2) Tyrannical leaders governing the gullible masses
trade economic cooperation zones in Africa by 2009 to boost
(3) Exploitation and neglect by Western countries
trade, which is expected to tap $40 billion this year. That could
(a) (1) and (2) only (b) (2) and (3) only
double to $30 billion by 2010 on the back of an insatiable demand
for natural resources to feed China’s booming economy. (d) (1) and (3) only (d) All the three

8
68. China’s substantial grants to African countries are an act of: efficient and financially viable electricity enterprises. Since
(a) China’s modern policy of rendering social service on government will not distance itself from managing them, privatising
humanitarian considerations is an option. The Delhi model has worked. But it receives no
(b) stepping up its campaign of universal brotherhood public support.
among nations The Electricity Act 2003, the APRDP (Accelerated Power
(c) rendering selfless service to certain underdeveloped Reform and Development Programme) with its incentives and
countries to beat the western countries. penalties, and the creation of independent regulatory
(d) calculated selfish motive to fulfill its energy needs commissions, were the means to bring about reforms to improve
financial viability of power sector. Implementation has been half-
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 69-71) : Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE hearted and results disappointing. The concurrent nature of electricity
in meaning of the word given in bold as used in the passage. in the Constitution impedes power sector improvement. States are
69. CONTEMPORARY more responsive to populist pressures than the central government,
(a) Fashionable (b) Modern and less inclined to take drastic action against electricity thieves.
(c) Old (d) Existing Captive power would add significantly to capacity. However,
70. BOOMING captive generation, three years after the Act enabled it, has added
(a) striving (b) degrading little to capacity because rules for open access were delayed.
(c) failing (d) thriving Redefined captive generation avoids state vetoes on purchase or
71. PRECLUDE sale of electricity except to state electricity enterprises. Mandating
open access on state-owned wires to power regardless of
(a) disqualify (b) permit
ownership and customer would encourage electricity trading. The
(c) prevent (d) include Act recognised electricity trading as a separate activity. A
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 72 - 73) : Choose the word which is most surcharge on transmission charges will pay for cross-subsidies.
nearly the SAME in meaning as the word given in bold as used These were to be eliminated in time. Rules for open access and
in the passage. the quantum of surcharge by each state commission (under broad
72. SANCTIMONIOUS principles defined by the central commission) have yet to be
(a) permissive (b) incongruent announced by some. The few who have announced the surcharge
(c) scrupulous (d) holy have kept it so high that no trading can take place.
73. ABDICATION
74. The author thinks it appropriate to:
(a) abandonment (b) obligation
(a) discuss any policy in details and make it fool proof
(c) instigation (d) addiction
instead of implementing it hastily.
PASSAGE - 7 (b) follow Indian tradition meticulously as skepticism is
Amartya Sen wrote about the Indian tradition of skepticism essential for major decisions.
and heterodoxy of opinion that led to high levels of intellectual (c) divert our energies from fruitlessly contracting policies
argument. The power sector in India is a victim of this tradition at to supporting its implementation whole-heartedly.
its worst. Instead of forcefully communicating, supporting and (d) intellectual arguments and conceptualisation of every
honestly and firmly implementing policies, people just debate policy is definitely better than its enforcement.
them. It is argued that central undertakings produce power at 75. Why are the central undertakings not capable of generating
lower tariffs and must therefore build most of the required extra power at low cost?
capacities. This is a delusion. They no longer have access to (a) Due to paucity of low-cost funds
low-cost government funds. (b) Due to their access to Government funds
Uncertainty about payment remains a reason for the (c) Due to their delusion about government funds
hesitation of private investment. They had to sell only to SEBs (d) Because of their extra capacities
(State Electricity Boards). SEB balance sheets are cleaner after 76. Which of the following is the reason for apathy of private
the “securitisation” of the Rs 40,000 crore or so owed by SEBs to investors in power sector?
central government undertakings, now shown as debt instruments. (a) Their hesitation
But state governments have not implemented agreed plans to (b) Uncertainly of their survival
ensure repayment when due. The current annual losses of around (c) Cut-throat competition
Rs 28,000 crore make repayment highly uncertain. The central (d) Lack of guarantee of timely returns
undertakings that are their main suppliers have payment security 77. What was the serious omission on the part of the State
because the government will come to their help. Private enterprises Government?
do not have such assurance and are concerned about payment (a) Agreement for late recovery of dues
security, that must be resolved. (b) Reluctance to repay to private investors as per agreed
By the late 1990s, improving the SEB finances was plan
recognised as fundamental to power reform. Unbundling SEBs, (c) Non-implementation of recovery due to unplanned and
working under corporate discipline and even privatisation and haphazard polices
not vertically integrated state enterprises, are necessary for (d) Lack of assurance from private enterprises

9
78. Which of the following is/are considered necessary for commercialisation”, this will presumably be a matter left to the
improving performance of electricity enterprises? discretion of the Government.
(A) Corporate work culture A basic requirement for a new medical college is a pre-existing
(B) Privatisation hospital that will serve as a teaching hospital. Corporate entities
(C) Properly integrated state enterprises have hospitals in the major metros and that is where they will
(a) All the three (b) (a) and (b) only have to locate medical colleges. The earlier mandated land
(c) (a) and (c) only (d) (b) and (c) only requirement for a medical college campus, a minimum of 25 acres
79. The example of “Delhi Model” quoted by the author of contiguous land, cannot be fulfilled in the metros. Not
underlines his feelings of : surprisingly, yet another tweak has been made in the regulation,
A. happiness about its success prescribing 10 acres as the new minimum campus size for 9 cities
B. unhappiness for lack of public support including the main metros. With this, the stage is set for corporate
C. disgust towards privatisation entities to enter the medical education market.
(a) (a) and (b) only (b) (b) and (c) only Until now, medical education in India has been projected as
(c) (a) and (c) only (d) All the three a not-forprofit activity to be organised for the public good. While
80. Which of the following was/were not considered as the private bodies can run medical colleges, these can only be societies
instrument(s) to accomplish financial well-being of power or trusts, legally non-profit organisations. In opening the door to
sector? corporate colleges, thus, a major policy change has been effected
(a) The Electricity Act 2003 without changing the law or even a discussion in Parliament, but
(b) The APRDP with its incentives and penalties by simply getting a compliant MCI to change the regulation on
(c) Setting up of independent regulatory commissions establishment of medical colleges. This and other changes have
(d) States vulnerability to populist pressures been justified in the name of addressing the shortage of doctors.
81. Why were the results of the power sector reforms NOT as At the same time, over 50 existing medical colleges, including 15
had been anticipated? run by the government, have been prohibited from admitting
(a) The means to bring about reforms were illconceived. students in 2010 for having failed to meet the basic standards
(b) The enforcement of the reform means was inadequate prescribed. Ninety per cent of these colleges have come up in the
and apathetic. last 5 years. Particularly shocking is the phenomenon of
(c) The Act and the reform measures were contradicting government colleges falling short of standards approved by the
with each other. Government. Why are state government institutions not able to
meet the requirements that have been approved by the central
(d) The incentives on the one hand and penalties on the
government? A severe problem faced by government-run
other created dissatisfaction.
institutions is attracting and retaining teaching faculty, and this
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 82-83): Choose the word or group of words is likely to be among the major reasons for these colleges failing
which is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word printed
to satisfy the MCI norms. The crisis building up on the faculty
in bold.
front has been flagged by various commissions looking into
82. DELUSION problems of medical education over the years.
(a) proper understanding (b) wrong prediction An indicator of the crisis is the attempt to conjure up faculty
(c) false belief (d) unkind propaganda when MCI carries out inspections of new colleges, one of its
(e) unrealistic optimism regulatory functions. Judging by news reports, the practice of
83. VIABILITY presenting fake faculty – students or private medical practitioners
(a) ability to reform (b) ability to meditate hired for the day – during MCI inspections in private colleges is
(c) capability to survive (d) ability to spend common. What is interesting is that even government colleges are
DIRECTIONS (QS. 84-85): Choose the word or group of words adopting unscrupulous methods. Another indicator is the extraordinary
which is most OPPOSITE in meaning of the word printed in bold. scheme, verging on the ridiculous that is being put in place by the MCI
84. IMPEDE to make inspections ‘foolproof’. Faculty in all medical colleges are to
be issued an RFID-based smart card by the MCI with a unique Faculty
(a) interferes (b) grows
Number. The card, it is argued, will eliminate the possibility of a teacher
(c) excels (d) promotes
being shown on the faculty of more than one college and establish if
85. UNBUNDLING the qualifications of a teacher are genuine. In the future, it is projected
(a) disorganising (b) reorienting that biometric RFID readers will be installed in the colleges that will
(c) integrating (d) winding enable a Faculty Identification, Tracking and Monitoring System
PASSAGE - 8 to monitor faculty from within the college and even remotely from
In February 2010 the Medical Council of India announced a MCI headquarters.
major change in the regulation governing the establishment of The picture above does not even start to reveal the true and
medical colleges. With this change, corporate entities were pathetic situation of medical care especially in rural India. Only a
permitted to open medical colleges. The new regulation also fraction of the doctors and nursing professionals serve rural areas
carried the following warning : “permission shall be withdrawn if where 70 per cent of our population lives. The Health Ministry,
the colleges resort to commercialisation”. Since the regulation with the help of the MCI, has been active in proposing yet another
does not elaborate on what constitutes “resorting to ‘innovative’ solution to the problem of lack of doctors in the rural
10
areas. The proposal is for a three-and-a-half year course to obtain 89. Which of the following are the different opinions regarding
the degree of Bachelor of Rural Medicine and Surgery (BRMS). the BRMS proposal ?
Only rural candidates would be able to join this course. The study (A) At least a small step has been taken to improve the healthcare
and training would happen at two different levels – Community facilities in the rural areas through this proposal.
Health Centers for 18 months, and sub-divisional hospitals for a (B) There should be uniform healthcare facilities available
further period of 2 years – and be conducted by retired professors. for people living in both rural and urban area
After completion of training, they would only be able to serve in (C) The healthcare providers through this proposal would
their own state in district hospitals, community health centres, not be up to the mark.
and primary health centres.
(a) Only (A) (b) Only (A) and (B)
The BRMS proposal has invited sharp criticism from some
(c) Only (B) and (C) (d) Only (B)
doctors’ organisations on the grounds that it is discriminatory to
have two different standards of health care – one for urban and 90. Which of the following is possibly the most appropriate title
the other for rural areas, and that the health care provided by for the passage ?
such graduates will be compromised. At the other end is the (a) Healthcare in India – The Questionable Changes
opinion expressed by some that “something is better than (b) Medical Centres in Rural India
nothing”, that since doctors do not want to serve in rural areas, (c) Commercialisation of Medical Education in India
the government may as well create a new cadre of medics who will (d) The Medical Council of India
be obliged to serve there. The debate will surely pick up after the 91. What is one of the major problems faced by the government–
government formally lays out its plans. What is apparent is that run medical institutions ?
neither this proposal nor the various stopgap measures adopted
(a) Dearth of land required for the setting up of medical
so far address the root of the problem of health care.
institutions
The far larger issue is government policy, the low priority
(b) Lack of funds for running the colleges
attached by the government to the social sector as a whole and
the health sector in particular, evidenced in the paltry allocations (c) Dearth of teaching faculty
for maintaining and upgrading medical infrastructure and medical (d) Excessive competition from colleges run by corporate bodies
education and for looking after precious human resources. DIRECTIONS (Q. 92 & 93) : Choose the word/group of words
86. What solution is being offered by the Health Ministry for which is most similar in meaning to the word/group of words
the shortage of doctors in rural areas? printed in bold as used in the passage.
(a) Run a separate medical course for three and a half years 92. FLAGGED
which can be taken up only by rural candidates who (a) highlighted (b) stopped
would ultimately serve in the rural areas (c) bannered (d) caused
(b) Make it mandatory for doctors serving in the urban areas to 93. FALLING SHORT
serve in the rural areas for a specific number of years (a) remaining tiny (b) limiting
(c) Set up increasing number of community health centres (c) not meeting (d) just satisfying
in rural areas DIRECTIONS (Q. 94 & 95) : Choose the word/group of words
(d) Hire retired professors of medicine to offer medical help which is most opposite in meaning to the word/ group of words
to people living in the rural areas till the time more printed in bold as used in the passage.
doctors are appointed 94. UNSCRUPULOUS
87. Why have some existing medical colleges been prohibited (a) corrupt (b) even
from admitting students ? (c) constant (d) honest
(a) As these have adopted corrupt practices and have been 95. SHARP
taking huge donations from their students
(a) mild (b) thin
(b) As all these colleges were illegally set up and were not
(c) blunt (d) rounded
approved by the government in the first place
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 96 to 143) : Read the following passage
(c) As the course offered by these colleges is not in line
carefully and answer the questions that follow.
with the course offered by the government run colleges
PASSAGE - 9
(d) As these have failed to meet the norms set by the central
government for running the college Nature is an infinite source of beauty. Sunrise and sunset,
mountains and rivers, lakes and glaciers, forests and fields provide
88. Which of the following is/are the changes announced by
joy and bliss to the human mind and heart for hours together.
the MCI in the regulation governing the establishment of
Everything in nature is splendid and divine. Everyday and every
medical college?
season of the year has a peculiar beauty to unfold. Only one
(A) Allowing the commercialisation of medical colleges. should have eyes to behold it and a heart to feel it like the English
(B) Reducing the earlier mandated land requirement for a poet William Wordsworth who after seeing daffodils said: “And
medical college campus for metros. then my heart with pleasure fills and dances with the daffodils”.
(C) Allowing corporate bodies to open medical colleges. Nature is a great teacher. The early man was thrilled with
(a) Only (B) (b) Only (A) and (B) beauty and wonders of nature. The Aryans worshipped nature.
(c) Only (C) (d) Only (B) and (C) One can learn the lessons in the vast school of nature.
11
Unfortunately the strife, the stress and the tension of modern PASSAGE - 10
life have made people immune to beauties of nature. Their life is so Stuck with the development dilemma? Stay away from
full of care that they have no time to stand and stare. They cannot management courses. Seriously, one of the biggest complaints
enjoy the beauty of lowing rivers, swinging trees, flying birds and that organisations have about management courses is that they
majestic mountains and hills. There is however, a cry to go back to fail to impact the participants’ on-the-job behaviour. Some
village from the concrete and artificial jungle of cities. Hence the management trainers stress the need for follow-up and
town planners of today pay special attention to provide enough reinforcement on the job. Some go so far as briefing the
number of natural scenic spots in town planning. To develop a participants’ managers on what behaviour they should be
balanced personality, one needs to have a healthy attitude which reinforcing back on the job. Other include a follow-up training
can make us appreciate and enjoy the beauty of nature. day to review the progress of the participants. None of this is
There is other balm to soothe our tired soul and listless mind really going far enough.
than the infinite nature all around us. We should enjoy it fully to The real problem is that course promoters view development
lead a balanced and harmonious life, full of peace and tranquility. as something which primarily, takes place in a classroom. A course
96. Which of the following words has the SAME meaning as is an event and events are, by definition limited in time. When
the word 'care' as used in the passage ?
you talk about follow-up after a course, it is seen as a nice idea,
(a) Grief (b) Want but not as an essential part of the participants’ development
(c) Needs (d) Pleasure programme. Any rational, empowered individual should be able
97. Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE in meaning of to take what has been learnt in a course and transfer it to the work
the word 'unfold' as used in the passage? place - or so the argument goes. Another negative aspect of the
(a) Declare (b) Conceal course mindset is that, primarily, development is thought to be
(c) Describe (d) Perpetuate about skill-acquisition.
98. Which of the following statements is not made in the passage So, it is felt that the distinction between taking the course
about Nature? and behaving differently in the work place parallels the distinction
(a) Nature is an infinite source of beauty between skill-acquisition and skill-application. But can such a
(b) Everything in nature is splendid and divine sharp distinction be maintained? Skills are really acquired only in
(c) Nature is a great teacher the context of applying them on the job, finding them effective
(d) The early man was scared of Nature and, therefore, reinforcing them.
99. What is needed to develop balanced personality? The problem with courses is that they are events, while
(a) Interpersonal skills development is an on-going process which, involves, within a
(b) Reading poetry complex environment, continual interaction, regular feedback and
(c) Healthy attitude adjustment. As we tend to equate development with a one-off
(d) Going back to villages event, it is difficult to get seriously motivated about the follow-
100. Why do people not enjoy the beauty of Nature ? up. Anyone paying for a course tends to look at follow-up as an
(a) They are running after material pleasures unnecessary and rather costly frill.
(b) They do not consider nature as balm to soothe their 104. What is the passage about?
fired minds (a) personal management
(c) Their life is full of worries and tensions (b) development dilemma
(d) They are afraid of nature (c) management courses
101. What should we do to enjoy tranquil life ? (d) course promotors’ attitude
105. Which of the following statements is false?
(a) Get totally immersed in our daily routine
(a) Some management trainers stress the need for follow-
(b) Believe that nature is infinite source of beauty
up and reinforcement on the job
(c) Lead a disciplined and dedicated life
(b) Some suggest a follow-up training day to review the
(d) Enjoy the nature around us
progress of the participants
102. What are the town planners doing today? (c) Some go to the extent of briefing the participants’
(a) Providing facilities for enjoying nature managers on what behaviour they should be
(b) Establishing balance between concrete and artificial reinforcing back on the job
jungle of cities (d) The real problem is that course promoters view
(c) Supporting the cry to go back to villages development as something which does not take place
(d) Making efforts to inculcate healthy attitude among during a course.
people 106. The writer’s attitude, as reflected in the passage, is
103. According to the author of the passage, Nature: (a) critical (b) ironic
(a) is the ultimate salvation of man (c) sympathetic (d) philosophical
(b) is the creator of this universe 107. The course promoters’ attitude is
(c) brings uniformity in all seasons (a) self-righteous (b) indifferent
(d) is abundantly glorious and divine (c) easy-going (d) unprogressive
12
108. The word ‘mindset’ here means PASSAGE -12
(a) a determined mind The stunning Baltimore Oriole is a common summer visitor
(b) a (fixed) attitude of mind to eastern and mid western deciduous woodlands,
(c) an open mind neighbourhoods, and gardens. Baltimore Orioles winter in the
(d) mindful tropics. About 7 inches in length, the male Baltimore Oriole has a
PASSAGE -11 black head, throat, back and wings. Its breast, stomach, and rump
One may look at life, events, society, history, in another way. are bright orange. It also has an orange patch on the top of each
A way which might, at a stretch, be described as the Gandhian way, wing and white wing bars. The tail is mostly black with orange
though it may be from times before Mahatma Gandhi came on the fringes. The female is dull orange throughout.
scene. The Gandhian reaction to all grim poverty, squalor and Baltimore Orioles range throughout the eastern and mid
degradation of the human being would approximate to effort at self- western United States, and can be found as far west as the Dakotas.
change and self-improvement, to a regime of living regulated by At the western edge of their range, Baltimore Orioles may breed
discipline from within. To change society, the individual must first with the Bullock’s Oriole (They were once considered the same
change himself. In this way of looking at life and society, words too species under the name Northern Oriole).
begin to mean differently. Revolution, for instance, is a term Baltimore Orioles build unusual pouch like nests that hang
frequently used, but not always in the sense it has been in the down from branches. They usually nest high in the trees, but
lexicon of the militant. So also with words like peace and struggle. often come down to lower heights, flashing bright orange and
Even society may mean differently, being some kind of organic black feathers to delighted observers Active and acrobatic by
entity for the militant, and more or less a sum of individuals for the nature, Baltimore Orioles may even feed upside down at time.
Gandhian. There is yet another way, which might, for want of a Baltimore Orioles eat insects and berries. They can easily
better description, be called the mystic. The mystic’s perspective be attracted to gardens by nailing orange wedges to tree branches.
measures these concerns that transcend political ambition and the Baltirmore Orioles are also known to feed at hummingbird feeders
dynamism of the reformer, whether he be militant or Gandhian. The and sapsucker wells.
mystic measures the terror of not knowing the remorseless march 114. The other name of Baltimore Oriole was _________ .
of time; he seeks to know what was before birth, what comes after
(a) Bullock’s Oriole (b) Baltimore’s Oriole
death? The continuous presence of death, of the consciousness of
(c) Northern Oriole (d) Southern Oriole
death, sets his priorities and values: militants and Gandhians, kings
115. The nest of the Baltimore Oriole _________ .
and prophets, must leave all that they have built; all that they have
(a) is in a tree cavity
unbuilt and depart when messengers of the buffalo-riding Yama
come out of the shadows. Water will to water, dust to dust. Think of (b) stands upon a branch of a tree
impermanence. Everything passes. (c) hangs from a branch of a tree
109. The Gandhian reaction of poverty is (d) is usually low in the branches
(a) a total war on poverty 116. Which of the following is the closest in size to a Baltimore
(b) self-discipline Oriole ?
(c) self-abnegation (a) The size of a half-scale
(d) a regulated distribution of wealth (b) A little more than a half-scale
110. According to Gandianism, the individual who wants to (c) A little less than a half-scale
change society (d) A foot ruler
(a) should destroy the existing society 117. The Baltimore Oriole spend the winters in the _______ .
(b) must re-form society (a) Dakotas (b) Carolinas
(c) must change himself (c) Tropics (d) Deserts
(d) may change society without changing himself 118. What is the colour of the female Baltimore Oriole ?
111. Who, according to the passage, finds new meaning for (a) Bright Orange (b) Light Orange
words like revolutions, peace and struggle? (c) Dull Orange (d) White
(a) A Gandhian who believes in non-violent revolution 119. Which of the following does not attract the Baltimore Oriole?
(b) A militant (a) Oranges (b) Hummingbird feeders
(c) A mystic
(c) Sapsueker wells (d) Sunflower seeds
(d) A Gandhian who disciplines himself from within
120. The Baltimore Oriole can be found as far west as
112. The expression ‘water will to water, dust to dust’ means
(a) North and South Dakota
(a) water and dust can mix well
(b) man will become water after death (b) The Carolinas
(c) man will one day die and become dust (c) California
(d) man will become dust and water after death (d) Baltimore
113. What does society mean to a Gandhian? 121. Which of the following is not true about the Baltimore Oriole?
(a) a sum of individuals (a) They feed upside down sometimes.
(b) an organic entity (b) They may breed with the Bullock’s Oriole.
(c) a regime of living regulated by discipline from within (c) The Baltimore Oriole is uncommon in the U.S.
(d) a disciplined social community (d) The Baltimore Oriole has a black throat.
13
122. Where would I probably not find a Baltimore Oriole ? PASSAGE - 14
(a) High in the trees It is sad that in country after country, progress should
(b) In gardens and neighbourhoods become synonymous with an assault on nature. We who are a
(c) Deciduous woodlands part of nature and dependent on her for every need, speak
(d) The Sahara desert constantly about 'exploiting' nature. When the highest mountain
in the world was climbed in 1953, Jawaharlal Nehru objected to
123. Which of these colours is not found on a Baltimore Oriole?
the phrase conquest of Everest' which he thought was arrogant.
(a) Purple (b) Orange Is it surprising that this lack of consideration and the constant
(c) White (d) Black need to prove one's superiority should be projected on to our
PASSAGE - 13 treatment of our fellowmen? I remember Edward Thompson, a
As I stepped out of the train I felt unusually solitary since British writer and a good friend of India, once telling Mr. Gandhi
I was the only passenger to alight. I was accustomed to arriving that wildlife was fast disappearing. Remarked Mr. Gandhi: ‘It is
in the summer, when holiday-makers throng coastal resorts and decreasing in the jungles but it is increasing in the towns’
this was my first visit when the season was over. My destination On the one hand the rich look askance at our continuing
was a little village which was eight miles by road. It took only a poverty; on the other they warn us against their own methods.
few minutes for me to come to the foot of the cliff path. When I We do not wish to impoverish the environment any further and
reached the top I had left all signs of habitation behind me. I was yet we cannot forget the grim poverty of large numbers of people.
surprised to notice that the sky was already a flame with the sunset. It Are not poverty and need the great polluters? For instance, unless
seemed to be getting dark amazingly quickly. I was at a loss to account we are in a position to provide employment and purchasing power
for the exceptionally early end of daylight since I did not think I had for the daily necessities of the tribal people and those who live in
walked unduly slowly. Then I recollected that on previous visits I had and around our jungles, we cannot prevent them from combing
walked in high summer and how it was October. the forest for food and livelihood, from poaching and from
All at once it was night. The track was grassy and even in despoiling the vegetation.
daylight sghowed up hardly at all. I was terrified of hurtling over 129. At the beginning of the passage, the writer expresses her opinion
the edge of the cliff to the rocks below. I felt my feet squelching that in many countries progress is synonymous with
and sticking in something soggy. Then I bumped into a little clump (a) development.
of trees that loomed up in front of me. I climbed up the nearest (b) utmost care for nature.
trunk and managed to find a tolerabley comfortable fork to sit on. (c) a balanced treatment of nature.
The waiting was spent by my attempts to identify the little stirrings (d) utmost cruelty to nature.
130. In the passage the term 'exploiting' nature suggests
and noises of animal life that I could hear. I grew colder and colder
(a) regretfulness.
and managed to sleep only in uneasy fitful starts. At last when
(b) sarcasm.
the moon came up I was on my way again.
(c) destructive urge of man.
124. The writer felt unusually solitary because
(d) greed of man.
(a) he was feeling very lonely without his family.
131. Nehru objected to the phrase 'conquest of Everest' since
(b) he was missing the company of other holiday-makers. (a) it carries a war-like connotation.
(c) his destination was a little village eight miles away. (b) it sounds pompous and boastful.
(d) there was no one to meet him. (c) it depicts Everest as a victim.
125. "I left all signs of habitation behind me." This means that he (d) Everest is unconquerable.
(a) came to a place where there were very few houses. 132. Gandhi's statement 'It is decreasing in the jungles but it is
(b) was in front of a large collection of cottages. increasing in the towns.!'
(c) had come very far from places where people lived. (a) Refers to wild animals' decrease in the jungle.
(d) had just passed a remote village. (b) Refers to flora and fauna.
126. I became darker than the writer expected because (c) Refers to man's selfishness.
(a) the nights are shorter in autumn than in summer. (d) Is a satirical comparison of man's callousness to the
(b) the nights are longer in October than mid summer. animals.
(c) the train arrived later than usual. 133. The writer is of opinion that tribal people can be prevented
(d) he had walked unduly slowly. from combing forest for food
127. The writer found it difficult to keep to the path because of (a) to provide employment
(a) the darkness and narrowness of the path. (b) to increase purchasing power
(b) poor visibility and grassy track. (c) by deterring them from poaching and despoiling vegetation
(c) the darkness and his slow pace. (d) to provide employment and purchasing power for
(d) poor visibility and dew on grass. daily necessities.
128. When he settled himself on the fork of the tree the writer PASSAGE -15
___________ Street theatre in India is a well established ancient art form.
(a) had a sound sleep. Despite the proliferation of modern means of entertainment and
(b) was disturbed by noises of animals. communication, street theatre continues to flourish in India.
(c) was too afraid to sleep. Street theatre as a channel of communication has for
(d) tried to sleep but without much success. centuries been propagating reforms by highlighting social,

14
economic and political issues present in the society. Unlike in the learning goals, identifying resources for learning, choosing and
olden days, its performance is no longer restricted to villages or implementing learning strategies and evaluating learning
small localities of the city. Today small groups of performers outcomes. Thus it is important to attain new knowledge easily
including students, would stage performances to mobilize public and skillfully for the rest of his or her life.
opinion or to help create or raise awareness over a particular
What is the need for self directed learning? One reason is
issue of public importance. Themes on substance abuse, AIDS
that there is convincing evidence that people, who take the initiative
awareness, and domestic violence are some of the areas
highlighted by contemporary street theatre troupe. Unlike in regular in learning, learn more things and learn better than people who sit
drama street drama employ very little props and images. The at the feet of teachers passively waiting to be taught. The second
human body becomes the main tool in which choreography, mime, reason is that self-directed learning is more in tune with our natural
dialogues, songs and slogans are extensively used. processes of psychological development; an essential aspect of
Street theatre is one of the most intimate media. Its appeal is maturing is developing the ability to take increasing responsibility
to the emotions leading to quick psychological impact on of our own lives to become increasingly self-directed. The third
audiences. By being local and live they also are able to establish reason is that many of the new developments in education put a
not only direct contact with the audience but by being cost- heavy responsibility on the learners to take a good deal of initiative
effective and flexible they are popular among all age groups.
in their own learning. Too meet tthe challenges in today's
134. Modern means of entertainment and communication
instructive environment, self-directed learning is most essential.
_______ street theatre.
(a) does affect (b) does not affect 139. In self-directed learning, an individual
(c) helps popularis (d) helps establish (a) Takes initiative with or without the help of others
135. In the olden days street theatre _______ to villages or small (b) Is passive and waits for directions
localities of the city. (c) Is helpless and dependent
(a) was restricted (b) was not restricted (d) Takes initiative, without an objective
(c) was opened (d) was entertained 140. There is need for self-directed learning because
136. Street theatre usually _______ with issues of public (a) it is less challenging
importance. (b) it helps people to learn more things and learn better
(a) is distanced (b) is performed
(c) it is a more cost-effective method
(c) deals (d) does not deal
(d) it is a modern method of learning
137. Street theatre is _______ to stage.
(a) nothing (b) costly 141. Which word best describes self-directed learning ?
(c) reasonable (d) affordable (a) Active learning (b) Passive learning
138. Street theatre creates an/a _______ impact on audiences. (c) Compulsory learning (d) Repulsive learning
(a) intimate (b) emotional 142. The modern environment according to the author is
(c) mystical (d) physical (a) Restrictive (b) Instructive
PASSAGE-16 (c) Less developed (d) Impracticable
Self directed learning, in its broadest meaning, describes a 143. The synonym of the word "diagnosing" is
proess in which individuals take the initiative with or without the (a) Searching (b) Examining
help of others, in diagnosing their learning needs formulating (c) Identifying (d) Complying
ANSWER KEY
1 (a) 12 (d) 23 (c) 34 (b) 45 (d) 56 (d) 67 (d) 78 (a) 89 (c) 100 (c) 111 (d) 122 (d) 133 (d)
2 (b) 13 (c) 24 (a) 35 (d) 46 (a) 57 (c) 68 (d) 79 (a) 90 (a) 101 (d) 112 (c) 123 (a) 134 (b)
3 (d) 14 (a) 25 (b) 36 (d) 47 (d) 58 (d) 69 (c) 80 (d) 91 (c) 102 (a) 113 (a) 124 (b) 135 (a)
4 (d) 15 (b) 26 (a) 37 (c) 48 (c) 59 (b) 70 (b) 81 (d) 92 (a) 103 (d) 114 (a) 125 (c) 136 (c)
5 (c) 16 (d) 27 (d) 38 (c) 49 (c) 60 (c) 71 (d) 82 (c) 93 (c) 104 (c) 115 (c) 126 (b) 137 (c)
6 (a) 17 (d) 28 (a) 39 (c) 50 (d) 61 (c) 72 (c) 83 (c) 94 (d) 105 (d) 116 (b) 127 (d) 138 (b)
7 (d) 18 (a) 29 (c) 40 (a) 51 (b) 62 (a) 73 (a) 84 (d) 95 (c) 106 (a) 117 (c) 128 (d) 139 (a)
8 (d) 19 (d) 30 (b) 41 (d) 52 (d) 63 (d) 74 (c) 85 (c) 96 (a) 107 (d) 118 (c) 129 (b) 140 (b)
9 (c) 20 (b) 31 (a) 42 (d) 53 (d) 64 (a) 75 (c) 86 (a) 97 (b) 108 (b) 119 (d) 130 (b) 141 (a)
10 (b) 21 (d) 32 (a) 43 (d) 54 (a) 65 (d) 76 (d) 87 (d) 98 (d) 109 (b) 120 (a) 131 (b) 142 (b)
11 (d) 22 (d) 33 (d) 44 (a) 55 (b) 66 (b) 77 (b) 88 (d) 99 (c) 110 (c) 121 (c) 132 (c) 143 (c)

15
1. (a) Ascertain the hidden meaning of the sentence. “but 43. (d) It is clearly given in the last sentence of the passage
no one would be able to realise that a terrorist attack “that contribution of the science in the field of non-
has occurred ”. So, undoubtedly the culprit’s act can communicable diseases is remarkably poor ....”
be classified as a terrorist attack. 49. (c) Eminent British economists and political scientists have
2. (b) “New terrorism has no long-term agenda but its ruthless strongly attacked the tradition of budget secrecy.
in its short-term intentions”. This statement from the 50. (d) It leads to the control of public expenditure in order to
passage supports (b). While in the light of passage, set realistic taxation implications.
(c) also seems suitable. 51. (b) He has presented the example of both the open budget
3. (d) The immediate provocation for the meeting held in system and the secret budget system, practised by
August 1998 has not been given among the options. It various countries and has looked into all their aspects.
was the incidents of bombing the U.S. embassies in 54. (a) Sir Richard Clarke was the originating genius of nearly
Nairobi and Dar-es-Salaam. every important development in the British budgeting
4. (d) Bio-attack will result in several deaths which will lead techniques during the last two decades.
to political turmoil creating social unrest. 56. (d) An open public debate on budget proposals should
6. (a) ‘Religious intolerance’, as cited in the last paragraph be held before introducing the appropriate bill.
stands behind terrorism. 61. (c) “It is up to Asia to help Africa to the best of her ability
“Nehru told the Bandung conference in 1955, “ because
13. (c) The meaning is implied in the last sentence.
we are sister continents.” These statements explain
14. (a) The Japanese ambassador acknowledges that the
that African continent is emotionally related to Asian
vastness of the Indian market is a great inducement for
continent.
investment in the manufacturing industry.
62. (a) Once the Chinese are established in a country, no one
15. (b) The author describes the Indian investment scenario
else gets a foothold. Mayanmar, where India failed to
in toto. He presents a comparative analysis regarding
obtain the desired gas concessions, is a prime example.
foreign investment in India. These lines explain China’s monopoly.
16. (d) Comparatively though labour is inexpensive in India, 63. (d) None of the answer choices are author’s suggestion
but at the same time productivity is not high. Therefore, to India to break the Chinese monopoly. In the passage
it cannot be cited as an advantage here. the author only says that India will have to move
17. (d) If foreign investment is to be wooed assiduously, we cautiously but quickly if it is to break Chinese
will have to meet exacting international standards. monopoly.
18. (a) The author is a political commentator because he talks 64. (a) Every where in the passage we find author favours
about the government policy and makes various India gaining an edge over China. The author
proposals regarding foreign investment in India. throughout the passage is highlighting Chinas own
20. (b) The passage reflects the views of the Japanese prospective while they are helping the Africans.
ambassador who also talks about the problems faced 65. (d) According to the passage the Chinese foreign ministry
by foreign investors in India. repeatedly assure the world that “our co-operation is
25. (b) Japanese business circles represented by the Ishikawa not designed to be against or preclude any third party”.
Mission called attention of their Indian counterparts None of the answer choices matches author ’s
in what they considered to be major impediments in consideration because the claimes of China’s foreign
India. ministry are totally untrue.
26. (a) The Indian government put into effect revolutionary 66. (b) The terms “ Middle kingdom’s ancient formula’’ is used
reforms to remove the hurdles. in the passage in context of China helping the African
28. (a) India deserves a far bigger share of world trade nations, embracing their dangerous regimes,
influencing the under developed countries through
considering its vast resources.
apparently patronising policies.
37. (c) From the last paragraph of the given passage.
67. (d) All the reasons are responsible for the backwardness
38. (c) From the fourth line of the second paragraph.
of African Nations — The West’s sanctimonious
41. (d) In the last sentence of the second para.
boycott of African regimes – after nearly a century of
42. (d) Second and third para tells about Indian concept of colonial exploitation — left the continent in the grip of
life and treatment while the last para tells about western oppressive rulers. These lines from passage explains
concept of life and knowledge about medical science. the answer.
16
68. (d) China’s selfis motive is highlighted in the following 96. (a) grief
lines of the passage “Beijing filled the vacuum by 97 (b) conceal
eagerly embracing dangerous and unsavory regions 98. (d) The early man was scared of Nature
in its search for oil and other minerals.” 99 (c) healthy attitude
69. (c) The word contemporary means something which is
100. (c) Their life is full of worries and tensions
presently in fashion so the opposite is old.
101. (d) Enjoy the nature around us
70. (b) The word booming means to grow, develop or progress
rapidly, so the opposite would be degrading means to 102. (a) Providing facilities for enjoying nature
reduce to lower rank. 103. (d) is abundantly glorious and divine
71. (d) The word preclude means to exclude from something 104. (c) The passage is about the management courses
which is the opposite of word include which means to 105. (d) Look at the sentence : The real problem is that course
involve. promoters view development as something which
72. (c) The word sanctimonious means making a hypocritical primarily, takes place in a class room.
show of religion, devotion etc. which is similar to word 106. (a) Critical
scrupulous which means showing a strict regard for
107. (d) Unprogressive
what one considers right.
108. (b) a (fixed) attitude of mind
73. (a) The word abdication means the act or state of abdicating
109. (b) self-discipline
or renunciation, it means to relinquish power or
responsibility formally which is similar to word 110. (c) must change himself
abandonment which means to leave completely or finally. 111. (c) Man well one day die and become dust
74. (c) The author wants us to stop debating and implement 112. (a) A sum of Individuals
policies. 134. (b) Modern means of entertainment and communication
75. (c) Stated in the first paragraph. does not affect street theatre. It is still a popular mode
76. (d) Uncertainty about payment is mentioned, hence option of taking up crucial societal issues.
(d). 135. (a) In the olden days, street theatre was restricted to
77. (b) Refer to the second paragraph. “State governments villages or small localities of the cities.
have not implemented agreed plans to ensure 136. (c) Street theatre usually deals with issues of public
repayment when due...” importance.
78. (a) All the factors are mentioned in the passage. 137. (c) Street theatre is reasonable to stage as little props and
79. (a) Refer to the third paragraph. “The Delhi model has
images are used and not huge set up is required.
worked. But it receives no public support.”
138. (b) Street theatre creates an emotional impact on audiences
80. (d) Clearly, populist measures would go against financial
that leads to quick psychological impact.
wellbeing.
139. (a) In self directed learning, an individual takes initiative
81. (d) It is stated in the passage that the enforcement of the
reforms was inadequate. with or without the help of others to learn new things.
82. (c) Delusion means “a false belief of openion about 140. (b) there is need for self-directed learning because it helps
yourself or your situation”. people to learn more things in a better way.
83. (c) The root word of viability is viable. Viable means 141. (a) Self-directed learning is active learning as one does
“capable of developping and surviving independetly” not sit passively and waits for someone to teach. The
84. (d) Impede means “delay or stop the progress of learner actively initiates its own learning process.
something”. 142. (b) The modern environment is instructive in nature.
85. (c) Unboundling is opposite of bundling mans integrating. 143. (c) Diagnosing means identifying.
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