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    Social Psychology in The Philippines

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    Christian Lee
    The document summarizes the beginnings and development of social psychology in the Philippines. It discusses how pioneers were Western-educated and taught at major universities. It describes the growth of interest in social psychology topics in the 1970s. It also outlines the development of indigenous psychology in the Philippines, including the founding of PSSP to promote indigenization. Key concepts of Filipino social reality discussed include hiya, utang na loob, pakikisama, kapwa, and pakikiramdam.

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    Social Psychology in The Philippines

    Uploaded by

    Christian Lee
    155 views16 pages
    The document summarizes the beginnings and development of social psychology in the Philippines. It discusses how pioneers were Western-educated and taught at major universities. It describes the growth of interest in social psychology topics in the 1970s. It also outlines the development of indigenous psychology in the Philippines, including the founding of PSSP to promote indigenization. Key concepts of Filipino social reality discussed include hiya, utang na loob, pakikisama, kapwa, and pakikiramdam.

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    Social-Psychology-in-the-Philippines

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    The document summarizes the beginnings and development of social psychology in the Philippines. It discusses how pioneers were Western-educated and taught at major universities. It describes the growth of interest in social psychology topics in the 1970s. It also outlines the development of indigenous psychology in the Philippines, including the founding of PSSP to promote indigenization. Key concepts of Filipino social reality discussed include hiya, utang na loob, pakikisama, kapwa, and pakikiramdam.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    155 views16 pages

    Social Psychology in The Philippines

    Uploaded by

    Christian Lee
    The document summarizes the beginnings and development of social psychology in the Philippines. It discusses how pioneers were Western-educated and taught at major universities. It describes the growth of interest in social psychology topics in the 1970s. It also outlines the development of indigenous psychology in the Philippines, including the founding of PSSP to promote indigenization. Key concepts of Filipino social reality discussed include hiya, utang na loob, pakikisama, kapwa, and pakikiramdam.

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    Social Psychology in the

    Philippines
    Beginnings:
    • From FIRST WORLD nations

    • Pioneers in Social Psych are mostly western educated:


    – Virgilio Enriquez (Northwestern University)
    – Patricia Licuanan (Pennsylvania State University)
    – Allen Tan & Anna Gonzalez-Intal (Yale University)

    • Pioneers then taught in UP & ADMU which offered


    MA and PhD’s in psychology major in Social Psych
    • 1970’s Social Psych and Industrial Psych
    became areas of concern on research in the
    Philippines.

    • Topics included: attribution, social


    perception, communication, DM, attitude
    change, altruism

    • Bernardo (1997) said that majority of the


    researches made by Filipino psychologists
    were on social psychology topics, however
    majority were western theoretical models &
    methods
    Indigenous Psychology in the
    Philippines
    • American educational system & use of English
    language greatly influenced modern psychological
    science in the Philippines.

    • 1960’s a nationalist movement began & Filipino


    psychologists began confronting APPLICABILITY
    issues of the western theories, concepts &
    methods to Filipino realities.

    • 1970’s the Pambansang Samahan ng Sikolohiyang


    Pilipino (PSSP) was founded by Virgilio Enriquez
    SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO

    • Put up as a PROTEST against colonization &


    pushed for INDIGENIZATION of Psychology
    in the Philippines

    • Emphasizes SOCIAL IDENTITY, NATIONAL


    CONSCIOUSNESS, SOCIAL AWARENESS &
    INVOLVEMENT, LANGUAGE & CULTURE,
    applications of Psych concepts to HEALTH
    PRACTICES, AGRICULTURE, ART, MASS
    MEDIA, RELIGION, etc.
    Characteristics of Filipino Psych:

    • MAKATAO (ethical or respectful)

    • MAKABULUHAN (relevant to Filipino social


    realities)

    • ANGKOP SA KULTURA (culturally appropriate)

    • Use INDIGENOUS THEORIES & METHODS

    • Use of PILIPINO LANGUAGE


    WHO IS THE
    FILIPINO?
    The search for the FILIPINO personality
    Lapuz (1973/1978)
    • The Filipino personality values include:

    – Pakikisama (to get along with)


    – Hiya (shame)
    – Utang na loob (to be grateful)
    – Delicadeza (prudent)
    – Mapagbigay (generous)
    – Makiramay (share feelings)
    – Pagtitiis (endurance)
    – Pagtitimpi (to suppress)
    Bulatao (1963)
    • Filipino values are described as:

    1. Emotional closeness & security in the family

    2. Approval of authority figure & by society

    3. Economic & social betterment

    4. Patience, suffering & endurance (* women)


    ENRIQUEZ’s Kapwa Model
    • Filipino values have:

    1. Surface values
    • Accomodative: Hiya, utang na loob, pakikisama,
    • Confrontative: bahala na, sama/lakas ng loob, pakikibaka

    2. Societal values
    • Karangalan, katarungan, pakikisama (freedom)

    3. Core values
    • KAPWA
    – Pakiramdam (interpersonal value)
    – Kagandahang loob (socio-personal value)
    Indigenous concepts of Filipino Social
    reality

    1. HIYA

    2. UTANG NA LOOB

    3. PAKIKISAMA

    4. KAPWA

    5. PAKIKIRAMDAM
    hiya
    • Hiya = SHAME (English translation)

    • Church (1987) & Bulatao (1964,1965), it is


    more a representation of:
     Shyness, timidity, embarrassment, sensitivity to
    others,

    • Tied to the NEED TO BE ACCEPTED BY OTHERS


    PAKIKISAMA
    • Lynch (1973,1984) believed that Filipinos basically strive
    for social acceptance; that is being accepted by others

    • Means of maintaining SIR

    • Reflection of conformity (Pe-Pua & Protacio-Marcelino


    ,2000)

    • Enriquez (1978,1992) however argued that the most


    valued form of relationship in the Philippines goes beyond
    just Pakikisama…..it is more concerned with
    PAKIKIPAGKAPWA, that is treating the other/kapwa as a
    fellow human being.
    Utang na loob:
    Debt of gratitude
    • Conceptualized by Kaut & Hollnsteiner as a
    system of exchange: debt or obligation

    • Andres (1994) viewed it as a principle of


    reciprocity when an individual helps another

    • Pe-Pua & Protacio-Marcelino (2000) argued that


    instead of the negative idea of DEBT, utang na
    loob for Filipinos is more a reflection of an
    opportunity to show gratitude of return the favor.
    KAPWA
    • Enriquez believes that KAPWA is divided into:

    1. OUTSIDER (ibang tao)


     Pakikitungo (civil)
     Pakikisalamuha (interaction with)
     Pakikilahok (joining)
     Pakikibagay (conformity)
     Pakikisama (going along with)

    2. ONE OF US (hindi ibang tao)


     Pakikipagpalagayang loob (rapport/understanding)
     Pakikisangkot (involvement)
     Pakikiisa (being one with)
    PAKIKIRAMDAM
    • Heightened awareness & sensitivity

    • Pakiramdam ( feeling) vs. Pakikiramdam (feeling for


    another)

    • Reflects concepts similar to empathy, pagtantya, observant,


    cautious.

    • It takes part in Filipino socialization, whereby we are able to


    become sensitive to nonverbal cues (desirable Filipino skill)

    • Also explains Filipino inclination for INDIRECT


    COMMUNICATION

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