Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 70 views

    04 Handout 3

    Uploaded by

    Paolo Tengco
    This document discusses key concepts related to socialization and culture. It covers goals of socialization like developing impulse control and learning social roles. It also examines the development of identity and self through social interactions. Norms, values, status, and roles are defined as the social and cultural constructs that guide behavior. Theories of deviance are presented, like how cultural goals and means can create strain leading to deviance. Social control mechanisms reinforce conformity to norms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    04 Handout 3

    Uploaded by

    Paolo Tengco
    70 views2 pages
    This document discusses key concepts related to socialization and culture. It covers goals of socialization like developing impulse control and learning social roles. It also examines the development of identity and self through social interactions. Norms, values, status, and roles are defined as the social and cultural constructs that guide behavior. Theories of deviance are presented, like how cultural goals and means can create strain leading to deviance. Social control mechanisms reinforce conformity to norms.

    Original Title

    04_Handout_3

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses key concepts related to socialization and culture. It covers goals of socialization like developing impulse control and learning social roles. It also examines the development of identity and self through social interactions. Norms, values, status, and roles are defined as the social and cultural constructs that guide behavior. Theories of deviance are presented, like how cultural goals and means can create strain leading to deviance. Social control mechanisms reinforce conformity to norms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    70 views2 pages

    04 Handout 3

    Uploaded by

    Paolo Tengco
    This document discusses key concepts related to socialization and culture. It covers goals of socialization like developing impulse control and learning social roles. It also examines the development of identity and self through social interactions. Norms, values, status, and roles are defined as the social and cultural constructs that guide behavior. Theories of deviance are presented, like how cultural goals and means can create strain leading to deviance. Social control mechanisms reinforce conformity to norms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    SH1661

    Socialization and Enculturation


    Socialization refers to a lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn
    the culture. Enculturation is the process by which people learn the requirements of their surrounding culture
    and acquire the values and behaviors appropriate or necessary in that culture.

    Goals of Socialization
    1. Socialization teaches impulse control and helps individuals develop a conscience.
    2. Socialization teaches individuals how to prepare for and perform certain social roles – occupation
    roles, gender roles, and roles of institutions such as marriage and parenthood.
    3. Socialization cultivates shared sources of meaning and value.

    Mead and the Development of the Social Mind (Self)


    The ‘self’ is a sociological concept. According to George Herbert Mead, it develops through social
    interactions – a set of situations where individuals learn to assume roles and meet the increasing level of
    complexity of each situation. His “I/Me” duality reinforces the purely sociological facets of the self. The
    “I/Me” is best captured by the cliché “put yourself in another person’s shoes.”

    Stage of Development of the Self


    a. Imitation – the child starts with mimicking behaviors and actions of significant others around him
    or her.
    b. Play – the child takes different roles he or she observes in “adult” society, and plays them out to
    gain an understanding of the different social roles.
    c. Game – the child must take the role of everyone else involves in the game. In the game stage, the
    organization begins and definite personalities start to emerge.
    d. Generalized Others – children begin to function in organized groups, and most importantly, to
    determine what they will do within a specific group.

    Identities and Identity Formation


    Identity Formation is the development of an individual’s distinct personality, which is regarded as a
    persisting entity in a particular stage of life by which a person is recognized or known. This process defines
    individuals to others and themselves. Self-concept is the sum of a person’s knowledge and understanding
    of his or herself.
    • Cultural identity is one’s feeling of identity or affiliation with a group or culture.
    • Ethnic identity is the identification with a certain ethnicity, usually on the basis of a presumed
    common genealogy or ancestry.
    • National identity is an ethical and philosophical concept whereby all humans are divided into groups
    called nations.
    • Religious identity is the set of beliefs and practices generally held by an individual involving
    adherence to codified beliefs and rituals and the study of ancestral or cultural traditions, writing,
    history, and mythology, as well as faith and mystic experience.
    • Master identity gives the order to the operation of other identities individually or collectively.

    Norms and Values


    Norm is a rule that guides the behavior of members of a society or group. Normal refers to that which
    conforms to norms; it is the act of abiding by rules such as norms. Normative refers to what we perceive as
    normal, or what we think should be normal, regardless of whether it is.
    • Proscriptive norms – states what we should not do
    • Prescriptive norms – state what we should do
    • Mores – refers to norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance
    • Folkways – refer to norms for routine and casual interaction
    • Values – are culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and
    beautiful, and that serve as broad guidelines for social living.

    Status and Roles

    04 Handout 3 *Property of STI


    Page 1 of 2
    SH1661

    Status and role are important concepts in socialization because the behavior of young members of society
    is controlled by assigning them a certain status which they will enact. Status refers to a social position that
    a person holds. A person’s status can be either be ascribed or achieved, given accomplished, respectively.
    • Status set refers to all the statuses a person holds at a given time.
    • Ascribed status is a social position a person receives at birth or takes on involuntarily later in life.
    • Achieved status refers to a social position a person takes on voluntarily that reflects personal
    identity and effort.
    Role refers to the behavior of someone who holds a particular status. A person holds status and performs
    a role.
    • Role set refers to the number of roles attached to a single status
    • Role strain refers to conflict among the roles connected to two or more statuses.
    • Role manipulation refers to the role manipulated in order to produce a sort of desirable impression;
    individuals may improvise on the performance of their role so that they appear presentable in the
    situation
    • Impression management has the power and influence to create a favorable public opinion of a
    particular person; it can break a person in regards to social standing, and it can repair a damaged
    persona

    Deviance
    Deviance makes sense within the context of cultural norms, how they change over time, how they are
    enforced, and the likelihood of events when these norms are challenged or violated. Deviance refers to the
    behavior that violates expected rules and norms. It is normally seen as a form of aberration, something that
    deviates from the course of things and social expectations.

    Theoretical Interpretation of Deviance


    A. Structural Strain Theory
    Robert Merton developed this theory that traces the origin of deviance to the tensions that are
    caused by the gap between cultural goals and the means people have available to achieve those
    goals.
    B. Labeling Theory
    The labeling theory focuses on the assumption that no act is intrinsically criminal. Definition of
    criminality is established by those in power through the formulation and interpretation of those by
    police, courts, and correctional institutions.
    C. Social Control Theory
    The social control theory, developed by Travis Hirschi, is a type of functionalist theory that suggests
    that deviance occurs when a person’s or group’s attachment to social bonds is weakened.
    According to this view, people care about what others think of them and conform to social
    expectations because of their attachments to others and what others expect of them.

    Social Control and Deviance


    Society has ways and means to assure conformity. It provides mechanisms, rules, rewards, and
    consequences in cases where conformity is lacking or weak. These measures of social control are both
    pervasive and invasive that individuals rarely discern their presence and seldom do they realize that their
    conformity is a result of these pressures.

    Reference:
    Contreras, A., Dela Cruz, A., Erasga, D., & Fadrigon, C. (2016). The Padayon Series: Understanding
    Culture, Society, and Politics. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

    04 Handout 3 *Property of STI


    Page 2 of 2

    You might also like