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    Assignment No. 2

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    Jane Valine Balino
    DNA's double helix structure consists of nucleotides that contain phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen bases. RNA is similar but replaces thymine with uracil. Understanding genetics aids in identifying and comprehending diseases by studying how genes and abnormalities affect health. Nucleosides are the building blocks of nucleic acids and contain a sugar molecule linked to a nitrogen base, forming the basic units of RNA and DNA. The three types of RNA - mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA - play important roles in protein synthesis, with mRNA carrying genetic code from DNA to cytoplasm, rRNA directing translation in ribosomes, and tRNA transferring amino acids.

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    Assignment No. 2

    Uploaded by

    Jane Valine Balino
    26 views2 pages
    DNA's double helix structure consists of nucleotides that contain phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen bases. RNA is similar but replaces thymine with uracil. Understanding genetics aids in identifying and comprehending diseases by studying how genes and abnormalities affect health. Nucleosides are the building blocks of nucleic acids and contain a sugar molecule linked to a nitrogen base, forming the basic units of RNA and DNA. The three types of RNA - mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA - play important roles in protein synthesis, with mRNA carrying genetic code from DNA to cytoplasm, rRNA directing translation in ribosomes, and tRNA transferring amino acids.

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    ASSIGNMENT NO. 2

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    DNA's double helix structure consists of nucleotides that contain phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen bases. RNA is similar but replaces thymine with uracil. Understanding genetics aids in identifying and comprehending diseases by studying how genes and abnormalities affect health. Nucleosides are the building blocks of nucleic acids and contain a sugar molecule linked to a nitrogen base, forming the basic units of RNA and DNA. The three types of RNA - mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA - play important roles in protein synthesis, with mRNA carrying genetic code from DNA to cytoplasm, rRNA directing translation in ribosomes, and tRNA transferring amino acids.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    26 views2 pages

    Assignment No. 2

    Uploaded by

    Jane Valine Balino
    DNA's double helix structure consists of nucleotides that contain phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen bases. RNA is similar but replaces thymine with uracil. Understanding genetics aids in identifying and comprehending diseases by studying how genes and abnormalities affect health. Nucleosides are the building blocks of nucleic acids and contain a sugar molecule linked to a nitrogen base, forming the basic units of RNA and DNA. The three types of RNA - mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA - play important roles in protein synthesis, with mRNA carrying genetic code from DNA to cytoplasm, rRNA directing translation in ribosomes, and tRNA transferring amino acids.

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    of 2

    ASSIGNMENT NO.

    2
    Kindly answer the following question

    1. Describe the structure of DNA


    The DNA molecule's structure resembles a twisted ladder. A double-helix structure is
    the name given to this structure. It's a nucleic acid, and nucleotides make up all nucleic
    acids. Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA, and each nucleotide is made up of
    three separate components: sugar, phosphate groups, and nitrogen bases. Nucleotides,
    which are made up of a sugar group, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base, are the
    basic building blocks of DNA. Each strand of DNA is formed by the sugar and
    phosphate groups linking the nucleotides together. Nitrogen bases are Adenine (A),
    Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C).

    2.Describe the structure of RNA


    All of the components of ribonucleic acid are identical to those of DNA, with only two
    exceptions. Except for the Thymine, which is replaced by uracil, RNA has the same
    nitrogen bases as DNA: adenine, guanine, and cytosine. The basic building
    components of RNA are adenine and uracil, which form a base pair with the help of two
    hydrogen bonds. RNA has a hairpin structure, and nucleotides are generated in this
    ribonucleic material, just as they are in DNA (RNA). Nucleosides are phosphate groups
    that are sometimes used to aid in the synthesis of nucleotides in DNA.

    3.Importance of understanding Genetics.


    Genetics is significant because it aids scientists in identifying and comprehending
    diseases. Scientists can predict how likely members of the population are to inherit an
    illness and assist people manage their risks properly by acquiring a better
    understanding of the body. Individual genes or groupings of genes are studied in
    genetics research to see how they affect health and disease. In order to learn more
    about promoting health and preventing sickness, it is necessary to understand genetic
    variables and genetic abnormalities.

    4.What is nucleoside?
    Nucleosides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, which are responsible for
    determining heredity in all living cells. A sugar molecule is linked to a nitrogen-
    containing chemical ring group. A purine or pyrimidine base is joined to a ribose or
    deoxyribose sugar by a -glycosidic connection to form nucleosides. These chemicals
    are linked to RNA (ribose sugars) and DNA structures (deoxyribose sugars). Because
    the chemicals are extremely polar, GC/MS analysis is only possible after they have
    been derivatized.

    5.What are the 3 types of RNA and their function?


    1) mRNA or Messenger RNA
    mRNA transcribes the genetic code from DNA into a form that can be read and used to
    make proteins. mRNA carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a
    cell. The genetic blueprint for making proteins is included in mRNA, which is translated
    from DNA. Prokaryotic mRNA does not need to be processed and can begin protein
    synthesis right away.
    2) rRNA or Ribosomal RNA
    rRNA is located in the cytoplasm of a cell, where ribosomes are found. rRNA directs the
    translation of mRNA into proteins. Ribosomes, which are required for protein synthesis,
    are formed by rRNA.
    3) tRNA or Transfer RNA
    Like rRNA, tRNA is located in the cellular cytoplasm and is involved in protein synthesis.
    Transfer RNA brings or transfers amino acids to the ribosome that corresponds to each
    three-nucleotide codon of rRNA. The amino acids then can be joined together and
    processed to make polypeptides and proteins.

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