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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

177 views556 pages

Past Paper Ict

one of 'the best things' in the world

Uploaded by

Шохжахон Шамсиддинов

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 556

Cambridge International AS & A Level

* 7 0 0 2 1 3 2 4 4 6 *

COMPUTER SCIENCE 9618/13

Paper 1 Theory Fundamentals May/June 2021

1 hour 30 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
● Calculators must not be used in this paper.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 75.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● No marks will be awarded for using brand names of software packages or hardware.

This document has 16 pages.

DC (CJ) 205798/2
© UCLES 2021 [Turn over
2

1 Anya scans an image into her computer for a school project.

(a) The scanned image is a bitmapped image.

(i) Complete the following table to describe the two terms about graphics.

Term Description

...........................................................................................................................
Pixel ...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
File header ...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

[2]

(ii) The image is scanned with an image resolution of 1024 × 512 pixels, and a colour depth
of 8 bits per pixel.

Calculate an estimate for the file size, giving your answer in mebibytes. Show your
working.

Working .............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Answer .......................................... mebibytes

[3]

(b) The image is compressed using lossless compression.

Identify one method of lossless compression that can be used to compress the image and
describe how the method will reduce the file size.

Lossless compression method .................................................................................................

Description ................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]
© UCLES 2021 9618/13/M/J/21
3

#FC238A

FC is the amount of red, 23 is the amount of green and 8A is the amount of blue in the colour.

(i) Convert the hexadecimal code FC into denary.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The amount of green in binary is 00100011. This has the denary number 15 added to it
to create a second colour.

Add the denary number 15 to the binary number 00100011 and give your answer in
binary.

Perform the addition in binary. Show your working.

Working .............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Answer (in binary) ........................................

[3]

(iii) Hexadecimal 23 in two’s complement representation is 00100011. The denary number

10 needs to be subtracted from this value.

Subtract the denary number 10 from the two’s complement representation 00100011.

Give your answer in binary. Show your working.

Working .............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Answer (in binary) ........................................

[3]

© UCLES 2021 9618/13/M/J/21 [Turn over

(d) Anya made sure that the image was not subject to any copyright before scanning it.

Describe what is meant by copyright.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

© UCLES 2021 9618/13/M/J/21

2 Bingwen’s computer comes with an Operating System and utility software.

(a) Draw one line from each utility software to its correct description.

Utility software Description

Scans software for errors and repairs the

problems

Moves parts of files so that each file is

Disk formatter
contiguous in memory

Defragmentation Creates a copy of data that is no longer

required

Back-up Sets up a disk so it is ready to store files

Disk repair Scans for errors in a disk and corrects them

Creates a copy of data in case the original is

lost

[4]

(b) Identify four key management tasks that the Operating System will perform.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................

4 ................................................................................................................................................
[4]

© UCLES 2021 9618/13/M/J/21 [Turn over

3 A processor has one general purpose register, the Accumulator (ACC), and several special
purpose registers.

(a) Complete the following description of the role of the registers in the fetch-execute cycle by
writing the missing registers.

The ........................................................................ holds the address of the next instruction

to be loaded. This address is sent to the ........................................................................ .

The ............................................................................ holds the data fetched from this address.

This data is sent to the ............................................................................ and the Control Unit

decodes the instruction’s opcode.

The ............................................................................ is incremented.

[5]

© UCLES 2021 9618/13/M/J/21

(b) The following table shows part of the instruction set for a processor. The processor has one
general purpose register, the Accumulator (ACC), and an Index Register (IX).

Instruction
Explanation
Opcode Operand
LDM #n Immediate addressing. Load the number n to ACC
LDD <address> Direct addressing. Load the contents of the location at the given address to ACC
Indirect addressing: The address to be used is at the given address. Load the
LDI <address>
contents of this second address to ACC
Indexed addressing. Form the address from <address> + the contents of the
LDX <address>
Index Register. Copy the contents of this calculated address to ACC
LDR #n Immediate addressing. Load the number n to IX
MOV <register> Move the contents of the accumulator to the given register (IX)
STO <address> Store contents of ACC at the given address
ADD <address> Add the contents of the given address to the ACC
INC <register> Add 1 to the contents of the register (ACC or IX)
CMP <address> Compare the contents of ACC with the contents of <address>
JPE <address> Following a compare instruction, jump to <address> if the compare was True
JPN <address> Following a compare instruction, jump to <address> if the compare was False
JMP <address> Jump to the given address
OUT Output to the screen the character whose ASCII value is stored in ACC
END Return control to the operating system
Bits in ACC are shifted logically n places to the left. Zeros are introduced on
LSL #n
the right hand end
Bits in ACC are shifted logically n places to the right. Zeros are introduced on
LSR #n
the left hand end
<address> can be an absolute address or a symbolic address
# denotes a denary number, e.g. #123

© UCLES 2021 9618/13/M/J/21 [Turn over

The current contents of the main memory and selected values from the ASCII character set
are shown.

Address Instruction ASCII code table (selected codes only)

200 LDD 365 ASCII code Character
201 CMP 366 65 A
202 JPE 209 66 B
203 INC ACC 67 C
204 STO 365 68 D
205 MOV IX
206 LDX 365
207 OUT
208 JMP 200
209 END

365 1
366 3
367 65
368 66
IX 0

© UCLES 2021 9618/13/M/J/21

Complete the trace table for the program currently in main memory.

Instruction Memory address

ACC IX Output
address 365 366 367 368

1 3 65 66 0

[6]

© UCLES 2021 9618/13/M/J/21 [Turn over

(c) (i) The Accumulator currently contains the binary number:

0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1

Write the contents of the Accumulator after the processor has executed the following
instruction:

LSL #2

[1]

(ii) The Accumulator currently contains the binary number:

0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1

Identify the mathematical operation that the following instruction will perform on the
contents of the accumulator.

LSR #3
...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2021 9618/13/M/J/21

4 Melinda and her friends set up a peer-to-peer network between their computers to share data.

(a) Describe the key features of a peer-to-peer network.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Describe two drawbacks to Melinda and her friends of using a peer-to-peer network.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

(i) Tick (3) one box in each row to identify whether the task is performed by the router or
not.

Performed by Not performed

Task
router by router
Receives packets from devices
Finds the IP address of a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Directs each packet to all devices attached to it
Stores the IP and/or MAC address of all devices attached to it
[2]

© UCLES 2021 9618/13/M/J/21 [Turn over

(ii) Melinda mainly uses the internet to watch films and play computer games.

Tick (3) one box to identify whether Melinda should connect to the router using a wired
or wireless network and justify your choice.

Wired
Wireless

Justification .......................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(d) Melinda sends emails from her webmail account (email account accessed through a website).

Explain whether Melinda is using the internet, or the World Wide Web (WWW), or both.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

© UCLES 2021 9618/13/M/J/21

5 Kiara has a washing machine and a refrigerator.

(a) She has an embedded system in her washing machine.

Describe what is meant by an embedded system, using the washing machine as an example.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) The washing machine’s embedded system makes use of both Random Access Memory
(RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM).

State the purpose of RAM and ROM within the washing machine’s embedded system.

RAM ..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

ROM .........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

The microprocessor in the refrigerator turns on the cooling if the temperature is too high, and
turns off the cooling if the temperature is too low.

Explain why the system in the refrigerator is a control and not a monitoring system.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

© UCLES 2021 9618/13/M/J/21 [Turn over

6 Each of the following algorithms performs data validation.

State the type of validation check that each of the algorithms performs.

(a)

INPUT x

IF x < 0 OR x > 10 THEN

OUTPUT "Invalid"

ENDIF

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b)

INPUT x

IF x = "" THEN

OUTPUT "Invalid"

ENDIF

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c)

INPUT x

IF NOT(x = "Red" OR x = "Yellow" OR x = "Blue") THEN

OUTPUT "Invalid"

ENDIF

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2021 9618/13/M/J/21

7 Bobby and Kim are discussing databases.

(a) Bobby tells Kim that a file-based approach is usually better than a relational database.

Explain why Bobby is incorrect.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) Bobby has a shop that sells products to customers. His database will store data about his
customers, their payment details, orders and the products he sells. Customers will have login
details to access their accounts. The database will update customers’ payment and login
details without keeping any historical records.

(i) Give one example of each of the following relationships from Bobby’s database.

one-to-one

...........................................................................................................................................

one-to-many

...........................................................................................................................................

many-to-many

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) Tick (3) one box to identify the relationship that cannot be directly implemented in a
normalised relational database.

Relationship Tick (3)

one-to-one

one-to-many

many-to-many
[1]
© UCLES 2021 9618/13/M/J/21 [Turn over
16

(iii) Bobby wants to name his database SHOPORDERS.

Write a Data Definition Language (DDL) statement to define a new database with the
name SHOPORDERS.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) A database has a data dictionary.

Give three items that are stored in a data dictionary.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]

8 Tick (3) one box in each row to identify the logic gate that each statement describes.

Statement AND NAND NOR XOR OR

The output is 1 only when both inputs are 1

The output is 1 only when both inputs are different

The output is 1 only when both inputs are 0

[3]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2021 9618/13/M/J/21

Cambridge International AS & A Level
* 3 0 1 4 9 9 4 8 4 1 *

COMPUTER SCIENCE 9618/12

Paper 1 Theory Fundamentals May/June 2021

1 hour 30 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (LK) 205797/1
© UCLES 2021 [Turn over
2

1 Raj owns houses that other people rent from him. He has a database that stores details about
the people who rent houses, and the houses they rent. The database, HOUSE_RENTALS, has the
following structure:

CUSTOMER(CustomerID, FirstName, LastName, DateOfBirth, Email)

HOUSE(HouseID, HouseNumber, Road, Town, Bedrooms, Bathrooms)
RENTAL(RentalID, CustomerID, HouseID, MonthlyCost, DepositPaid)

(a) Give the definition of the following database terms, using an example from the database
HOUSE_RENTALS for each definition.

Term Definition and example

..............................................................................................................................
Field
..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................
Entity
..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................
Foreign key
..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................
[6]

(b) Tick (3) one box to identify whether the database HOUSE_RENTALS is in Third Normal Form
(3NF) or not in 3NF.
Justify your choice using one or more examples from the database HOUSE_RENTALS.

In 3NF

Not in 3NF

Justification ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

© UCLES 2021 9618/12/M/J/21

(c) Example data from the table RENTAL are given:

RentalID CustomerID HouseID MonthlyCost DepositPaid

1 22 15B5L 1000.00 Yes
2 13 3F 687.00 No
3 1 12AB 550.00 Yes
4 3 37 444.50 Yes

(i) Complete the following Data Definition Language (DDL) statement to define the table
RENTAL.

CREATE ...................................... ...................................... (

RentalID INTEGER NOT NULL,

CustomerID INTEGER NOT NULL,

HouseID ...................................... (5) NOT NULL,

MonthlyCost ...................................... NOT NULL,

DepositPaid BOOLEAN NOT NULL,

.......................................................... (RentalID)

);
[4]

(ii) Write a Data Manipulation Language (DML) script to return the first name and last name
of all customers who have not paid their deposit.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

© UCLES 2021 9618/12/M/J/21 [Turn over

2 Aisha manages a team of software developers.

(a) Explain the reasons why it is important that Aisha acts ethically in relation to her team
members.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) The team are developing a computer game where the user plays a board game (such as
chess) against the computer.

Describe how the computer would use Artificial Intelligence (AI) to play the board game.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(c) The final game will be released under a licence.

Tick (3) one or more boxes in each row to identify the licence(s) each statement describes.

Free Open
Commercial
Statement Software Source Shareware
Software
Foundation Initiative

The user can edit the source code

The user must always pay before being

able to use the software

The user can redistribute the software

The user always gets a trial period

[4]

© UCLES 2021 9618/12/M/J/21

3 A logic expression is given:

S = (A AND B AND C) OR (B XOR C)

(a) Draw the logic circuit for the given expression.

B S

[4]

(b) Complete the truth table for the logic expression:

S = (A AND B AND C) OR (B XOR C)

A B C Working space S

0 0 0

0 0 1

0 1 0

0 1 1

1 0 0

1 0 1

1 1 0

1 1 1
[2]

© UCLES 2021 9618/12/M/J/21 [Turn over

4 The table shows part of the instruction set for a processor. The processor has one general purpose
register, the Accumulator (ACC), and an Index Register (IX).

Instruction
Explanation
Opcode Operand
LDM #n Immediate addressing. Load the number n to ACC
Direct addressing. Load the contents of the location at the given address to
LDD <address>
ACC
STO <address> Store contents of ACC at the given address
ADD <address> Add the contents of the given address to the ACC
INC <register> Add 1 to the contents of the register (ACC or IX)
DEC <register> Subtract 1 from the contents of the register (ACC or IX)
CMP <address> Compare the contents of ACC with the contents of <address>
JPE <address> Following a compare instruction, jump to <address> if the compare was True
JPN <address> Following a compare instruction, jump to <address> if the compare was False
JMP <address> Jump to the given address
IN Key in a character and store its ASCII value in ACC
OUT Output to the screen the character whose ASCII value is stored in ACC
END Return control to the operating system
# denotes a denary number, e.g. #123

The current contents of the main memory and selected values from the ASCII character set are:

Address Instruction ASCII code table (selected codes only)

70 IN ASCII code Character
71 CMP 100 65 A
72 JPE 80 66 B
73 CMP 101 67 C
74 JPE 76 68 D
75 JMP 80
76 LDD 102
77 INC ACC
78 STO 102
79 JMP 70
80 LDD 102
81 DEC ACC
82 STO 102
83 JMP 70

100 68
101 65
102 100

© UCLES 2021 9618/12/M/J/21

(a) Complete the trace table for the program currently in main memory when the following
characters are input:

A D
Do not trace the program any further when the third input is required.

Instruction Memory address

ACC
address 100 101 102
68 65 100

[4]

© UCLES 2021 9618/12/M/J/21 [Turn over

(b) Some bit manipulation instructions are shown in the table:

Instruction
Explanation
Opcode Operand
AND #n Bitwise AND operation of the contents of ACC with the operand
AND <address> Bitwise AND operation of the contents of ACC with the contents of <address>
XOR #n Bitwise XOR operation of the contents of ACC with the operand
XOR <address> Bitwise XOR operation of the contents of ACC with the contents of <address>
OR #n Bitwise OR operation of the contents of ACC with the operand
OR <address> Bitwise OR operation of the contents of ACC with the contents of <address>
<address> can be an absolute address or a symbolic address
# denotes a denary number, e.g. #123

The contents of the memory address 300 are shown:

Bit Number 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

300 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0

(i) The contents of memory address 300 represent an unsigned binary integer.

Write the denary value of the unsigned binary integer in memory address 300.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) An assembly language program needs to test if bit number 2 in memory address 300
is a 1.

Complete the assembly language instruction to perform this test.

......................... #4
[1]

(iii) An assembly language program needs to set bit numbers 4, 5, 6 and 7 to 0, but keep
bits 0 to 3 with their existing values.

Write the assembly language instruction to perform this action.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2021 9618/12/M/J/21

5 Seth uses a computer for work.

(a) Complete the following descriptions of internal components of a computer by writing the
missing terms.

The ............................................................ transmits the signals to coordinate events based

on the electronic pulses of the ............................................................ .

The ............................................................ carries data to the components, while the

............................................................ carries the address where data needs to be written to

or read from.

The ............................................................ performs mathematical operations and

logical comparisons.
[5]

(b) Describe the ways in which the following factors can affect the performance of his laptop
computer.

Number of cores

...................................................................................................................................................

Clock speed

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

© UCLES 2021 9618/12/M/J/21 [Turn over

(i) Give two benefits of storing data using cloud computing.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Give two drawbacks of Seth using cloud computing.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2021 9618/12/M/J/21

(d) Draw one line from each term to its most appropriate description.

Term Description

It is only visible to devices within the Local

Area Network (LAN)

Public IP address
It increments by 1 each time the device
connects to the internet

Private IP address A new one is reallocated each time a device

connects to the internet

Dynamic IP address It can only be allocated to a router

It is visible to any device on the internet

Static IP address

It does not change each time a device

connects to the internet

[4]

© UCLES 2021 9618/12/M/J/21 [Turn over

6 A computer uses the ASCII character set.

(a) State the number of characters that can be represented by the ASCII character set and the
extended ASCII character set.

ASCII ...........................................................

Extended ASCII ...........................................................

[2]

(b) Explain how a word such as ‘HOUSE’ is represented by the ASCII character set.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Unicode is a different character set.

The Unicode value for the character ‘1’ is denary value 49.

(i) Write the hexadecimal value for the Unicode character ‘1’.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Write the denary value for the Unicode character ‘5’.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2021 9618/12/M/J/21

7 Jennifer is writing a computer program for her A Level homework.

(a) Jennifer uses a program library to help her write her computer program.

Describe how a program library can be used while writing a computer program.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Jennifer uses an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to write her computer program.

(i) The IDE allows Jennifer to use both an interpreter and a compiler while creating her
computer program.

Describe the ways in which Jennifer can use both a compiler and an interpreter while
developing the program.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

(ii) Identify two debugging tools that a typical IDE can provide.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2021 9618/12/M/J/21 [Turn over

8 A company has several security measures in place to prevent unauthorised access to the data on
its computers.

(a) Describe the difference between the security and privacy of data.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Each employee has a username and password to allow them to log onto a computer. An
employee’s access rights to the data on the computers is set to either read-only, or read and
write.

Identify one other software-based measure that could be used to restrict the access to the
data on the computers.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

Identify two threats to the data that are posed by networks and the internet.

Threat 1 ....................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Threat 2 ....................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2021 9618/12/M/J/21

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2021 9618/12/M/J/21

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2021 9618/12/M/J/21

Cambridge International AS & A Level
* 2 2 1 1 3 9 3 4 1 4 *

COMPUTER SCIENCE 9618/11

Paper 1 Theory Fundamentals May/June 2021

1 hour 30 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

This document has 16 pages.

DC (PQ) 214537
© UCLES 2021 [Turn over
2

1 Anya scans an image into her computer for a school project.

(a) The scanned image is a bitmapped image.

(i) Complete the following table to describe the two terms about graphics.

Term Description

...........................................................................................................................

[2]

(ii) The image is scanned with an image resolution of 1024 × 512 pixels, and a colour depth
of 8 bits per pixel.

Calculate an estimate for the file size, giving your answer in mebibytes. Show your
working.

Working .............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Answer .......................................... mebibytes

[3]

(b) The image is compressed using lossless compression.

Identify one method of lossless compression that can be used to compress the image and
describe how the method will reduce the file size.

Lossless compression method .................................................................................................

Description ................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]
© UCLES 2021 9618/11/M/J/21
3

#FC238A

FC is the amount of red, 23 is the amount of green and 8A is the amount of blue in the colour.

(i) Convert the hexadecimal code FC into denary.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The amount of green in binary is 00100011. This has the denary number 15 added to it
to create a second colour.

Add the denary number 15 to the binary number 00100011 and give your answer in
binary.

Perform the addition in binary. Show your working.

Working .............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Answer (in binary) ........................................

[3]

(iii) Hexadecimal 23 in two’s complement representation is 00100011. The denary number

10 needs to be subtracted from this value.

Subtract the denary number 10 from the two’s complement representation 00100011.

Give your answer in binary. Show your working.

Working .............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Answer (in binary) ........................................

[3]

© UCLES 2021 9618/11/M/J/21 [Turn over

(d) Anya made sure that the image was not subject to any copyright before scanning it.

Describe what is meant by copyright.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

© UCLES 2021 9618/11/M/J/21