PROJECT REPORT

ON COLD STORE
CAP.10 MT
 PROJECT REPORT ON COOL CHAMBER 10 MT

INTRODUCTION

India is the largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world scenario but the availability
of fruits and vegetables per capita is significantly low because of Post Harvest loses which
account for about 25% to 30% of production. Further, the quality of sizeable quantity of
produces also deteriorates the moment it reaches the consumer. This happens because of
perishable nature of the products. If consumption is not getting stabilized, the farmers switch
over to other crops instead of going for one crop in the subsequent year, and cycle continues.
Our farmers continue to remain poor even though they take risk to cultivate high value fruits
and vegetables year after year. Introduction of Cold storage / Cold room facility will help
them in removing the risk of distress sale and simultaneously will ensure better returns. The
annual production of fruits and vegetables in the country accounts for 18 to 20% of our
agriculture output. Varied agro climatic conditions and better availability of scientific
package of practices, there is a vast scope for increasing the production. The lack of cold
storage / cold room facilities is one of the main bottlenecks in tapping the potential. In
Tamilnadu the cold storage facilities are very less. The cold storages, which are available in
the State, are mostly to store single commodity like potato, which results in poor capacity
utilization. Introduction of cold storage/cold chain facilities in the State can prove to be a
boon for the horticulture farmers.

REQUIREMENT OF COOLING SYSTEM :

In Tamilnadu seventy percent population depend on Agriculture. Upliftment of those

categories can improve the overall status of the State. Comparing the developed States of our
country, the economic condition of farmers of our State is miserable. The economic condition
of most of the people is poor out of the total farmers about 47 to 48 percent of people
cultivate cabbage, beans, onion, sweet potato , Brinjal, pea etc which has a very limited
period . Similarly the fruits have also limited life after harvest. Post Harvest cooling rapidly
removes field heat, reduces respiratory - activity, reduce internal water, wilting, slow the
growth of micro organism and reduces the production of natural ripening agent i.e. ethylene.
Post Harvest cooling also provides marketing flexibility by allowing the grower to sell
produce at the most appropriate time. Unavailability cooling and storage facilities makes it
necessary to market the produce immediately after harvest and may result un distress sale.
This can be an advantageous to growers who supply products restaurants and grocery stores
or to small growers who wait to assemble truck load for transportation to other place. Post
Harvest cooling can be an effective tool to deliver highest qualitative produce to the
consumer. Intervention through Post Harvest cooling will help the farmers to store their
produces and market them at the opportune time.

NECESSITY OF COLD ROOM IN TAMILNADU :

The financial condition of the farmers does not permit to establish a cold storage having
capacity of 5000 MT which is meant to store 50,000 quintals of the products in the cold
storage which require crores of Rupees to establish it. The concept of cold room is to store
vegetables, fruits and flowers for shorter duration for which a small and marginal farmer can
store products for shorter period and sell it without deterioration of the product. Farmers will
also get appropriate value of the product. It will reduce the distress sale. The farmers can
establish cold rooms having 10 MT capacity where the storing of surplus quantities may vary
from 100 quintals . Since the investment of such cold room is low a farmer can easily
establish a cold room to store his surplus products.

CONCEPT OF THE POJECT

Capacity utilization

The capacity utilization in cold storage for fruits and vegetables is generally about 70%
which is due to short storage life of the produce and availability of produce for storage
throughout the year. Generally cold storage operates for 300 days in a year.

The cold storage space of the proposed project shall be primarily used for storing fruits and
vegetables for short duration storage of around 1-4 weeks. Such cold storage facility would
enable them for bargain for a better price of their produce at the bi-weekly /weekly wholesale
markets.

INCOME: Income can be generated from cold rooms in the manner as follows:
 a. Income of the project shall be by the way of rent paid by hirers of cold storage space
on a daily charge basis. It is proposed that space rent shall be Rs.0.30 p per Kg per
day.
b. Income of the project shall be by way of procurement and trading of vegetables and
fruits.
c. Income of the project can be made by both the above way i.e. by way of 50% by own
trading and 50% by rent basis.

Loading & Unloading:

Loading of commodities in the cold chamber and subsequent unloading from cold chambers
shall be by contract labourers, the charges for which will be realized from the hirers of space.

Salary & wages:

One operator can operate the cold room who can be paid an amount of Rs.10,000/- per
month.

Chamber size:

Size of the chamber will be of 14’-0”x10”-0”x10-0” for 10 MT capacity cool chambers. The
storage racks shall be made of M.S. channels and angles.

Insulation

60 mm thick PUF panel shall be provided for insulating the cold room walls and ceiling. 80
mm EPS slab, PCC & KOTA stone will be provided for floor insulation. For strengthening
the insulation, chicken wire most will be provided with it.

Cooling Unit
R-22/ R 404A refrigerant will be used for the cooling unit. Room temperature of 20C to 60 C
will be maintained inside the chamber. The ambient temperature will be 400 C. The total
refrigerant capacity will be 30,000 BTU/hr for 10MT capacity cool chamber

Power Supply
Electric load will be 5.9 KW for 10 MT. Power supply will be 230 Volt/3Ph/50 HZ.

Electrical Work:
Electrical work shall include main power distribution switch board, feeder switches for
cooling units, capacitors, power distribution cables, electric lighting, earthling of equipment.

Stand by Generator:
Provision has to be made for stand by Generator set to meet the power requirement during
load-shedding/power cuts. The generator shall have out starting device to start it in case of
failure of electric supply.

METHODS OF STORAGE FOR FRUITS & VEGETABLES

Refrigeration (cold store) – The ideal environmental condition for storage of fresh fruits and
vegetables is the lowest temperature which does not cause chilling injury to the product.
Hence, temperature control in cold storage is very important. In mechanical refrigeration, the
refrigerated Gas (e.g. Ammonia, Freon etc.) takes out the heat from the chamber/store as it
expands. The expanded gas is then compressed and the heat removed from the compressed
gas by means of running water or circulation air over the tubes containing the hot gas. The
gas is liquefied and the cycle is repeated. With such system accurate temperature control is
maintained.
Specification of Cool Chamber/Cold Room
The storage life of fruits and vegetables even at low temperatures in general varies between 2
to 4 weeks excepting for a few commodities like apples, oranges, potatoes, cabbage etc. In
case of cold room Long term storage is not envisaged and duration of storage is likely to be 1
to 4 weeks.

Objective of the Scheme:

i. To establish the small capacity of cool chamber / cold room in vegetable mandi /
markets or in the field of farmers growing vegetables/fruits.
ii. To store the surplus amount of vegetables in daily market for selling the products
later.
iii. To reduce the distress sale of the vegetables in the market.
iv. To develop the cold chain facility in the concerned area
v. To augment in case of farmers/small beneficiaries.
Strategy:
To fulfill the above objectives, following strategy will be adopted.
i. Most appropriate system will be provided to reduce the distress sale of vegetables.
ii. Farmers will get profit by selling the vegetables in the market in subsequent days.
iii. Capacity building of farmers and field functionaries will be taken up through training
and demonstrations with active participation of refrigerated company.
iv. Information and communication technology will be deployed extensively for ensuring
transparency in the implementation process and effective monitoring of the scheme.
Pattern of Assistance:
a. Subsidy @ 40% of the cost with maximum limitation will be provided under PHM of
NHM.
b. The balance 60 percent amount is to be borne by the beneficiary.
The implement agency would have the following functions:
a. To disburse financial assistance to the beneficiary as per the guide lines of PHM
scheme.
b. To furnish utilization certificate and monthly progress reports.
c. To disburse financial assistance after the date of installation of machinery.
 BASIC DESIGN 10MT COLD ROOM
S.NO DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS
1. Room dimension 14ft (L) x 10ft (B)x 10ft(H)
2. Room temperature + 4 C (+ 2 C)
3. Humidity 85 - 90% RH
4. Ambience Temperature 43 C
5. Material to be stored Fresh vegetables and fruits
6. Product quantity 10 MT
7. Product Incoming Rate 33% (3300 kg per day)
8. Product entry Temperature 28-35 C
9. Pull down time 24 hrs / Batch
10. Insulation 60mm PUF with 0.5mm pre painted CRCA
Sheet as external finish and internal finish.
11. Floor 60mm thick PUF slab over kota and PCC
12. Hinge door 34”x 78” – 1No.
13. Refrigeration unit capacity 30000 Btu/hr @ 4C Room temperature &
43 C Ambient temperatures
14. No of units 15000 Btu / hr x 2 nos.
15. Refrigerant R-22 / R404A
16. Compressor Reciprocating
 CALCULATION OF THE REFRIGERATING POWER
Sl. No. Particulars Specifications
1 Capacity 10 MT
2 Cold room temperature 4 °C (± 2 °C)
3 Outside moisture 50 %
4 Type Pre-fabricated room with floor
5 External Room Dimension 14ft x 10ft x 10ft
6 Insulation Poly-urethane foam panel (PUF)
7 Insulating outrace 60mm thick
8 Turn over Long storage
9 Man powers 2 nos.
10 Lighting 178 watt
11 Motor power 225 watt
12 Motor running period 2 – 24 hrs
13 Duration 2 – 24 hrs (Lighting)
14 Product Fruits & Vegetables
15 Process Fresh product storage
16 Product entering temperature 28 °C
17 Product leaving temperature 4 °C (± 2 °C)
18 Daily turnover 33 %
19 Processed period 24 hrs
20 Product quantity 10,000 kg
21 Density 181 kg/m³
22 Running compressor 18-24 hrs

Calculation Results:

Sl. No. Particulars Specifications

1 Ambient losses 28734 watt/24 hrs
2 Infiltration due to use 11970 watt/24 hrs
3 Motor load 5396 watts/24 hrs
4 Product load 42363 watt/24 hrs
5 Personal load 1013 watt/24 hrs
6 Lighting load 356 watt/24 hrs
7 Refrigeration capacity 89832 watt/24 hrs
8 Refrigeration power for unit 5040 watt
 PROFIT ANALYSIS
COOL CHAMBER (10MT CAPACITY)
Products storage Capacity =100 Qtls
Option-1
If the product stored on rented basis, the rent charge is Rs.0.30 kg / day (maximum 300 days
storage in a year)
Collected revenue will be = Rs.10000 x 0.30 x 300 = Rs.9,00,000 per year
Option-2
A- If the products stored on rented basis as well as by own trading.
Products stored on rented basis = 7 MT
Revenue will be collected Rs. 0.30 / kg / day = Rs.7000 x 0.30 x 300 = Rs.6,30,000/-
B- Products will be stored by own trading = 3 MT (8 rotation in a year)
Average profit of mixed vegetables = Rs.5 / kg
Profit for 3 MT vegetable = 3000 x 5 x 8 = Rs.1,20,000/-
Total profit will be A +B = Rs.6,30,000/- + Rs.1,20,000/= Rs.7,50,000/-
Farmer will store the product as per permutation & combination (Rs.0.30/kg/day)
N.B - Expenditure will be deducted
ANALYSIS OF COST OF 10MT COOLCHAMBER
Sl. Description Specifications
No.
1 Chamber size 10MT

2 Dimension 14’ x 10’ x 10’

3 Cost of machinery Rs.4,65,000/-

4 Civil cost192sqft @600/sqft Rs.1,15,200/-

5 Electrification, Stabiliser Rs.70,000/-

6 Insurance Rs.10,000/-

7 Cost of Generator, Accessories, Rs.3,90,000/-

Plastic crates
8 Misc. Rs.3,550/-

9 Tax, Installation etc Rs.1,16,250/-

Total Rs.11.70 lakh

N.B: Estimate is indicative only for reference. The Annual expenditure will be
deducted from the profit. The beneficiary may go for different combination for profit as per
field condition and storing requirement.
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