Citations

What
information do
citation provide?
It involves:
• author’s name
• publication date
• publisher name
• year of publication
• page number,
• in case of journals, books, and anthologies
(Poems)
- journal name
- edition
• online sources from where the information is
taken
A “citation” is the way
you tell your readers
that certain material
in your work came
from another source.
Contains the information
End-of-
a reader needs to be able
to identify and retrieve
paper
works cited in a text citation
Formatted list of all your
sources cited within your
paper
• APA format was first
applied in 1929 to help
writers in doing their work
in a proper structure.
• Its main aim is not to

confuse a reader but to
American
give broad information
with appropriate captions,
Psychological
referencing list, and avoid Association (APA)
cheating in work.
• APA is used for scientific

papers, documents, lab
reports.
In – text Citation
Referencing the source in the body of your paper.
Basic Format:
(Author's Last Name(s) or Organization, Year). According to Shavers
(2007), limitations of
Text to cite: limitations of studying
studying socioeconomic
socioeconomic status in research on
health disparities include difficulties in status in research on
collecting data on socioeconomic health disparities include
status and the complications of difficulties in collecting
classifying women, children, and data on socioeconomic
employment status. status and the
complications of
Author: Steven Shavers
classifying women,
Publication Year: 2007 children, and employment
status.
Parenthetical citations include the author(s) and
the date of publication within parentheses.
Cited info
There are risks inherent in drinking
tap water (Lee, 2016).
Author Year of Publication
Narrative citations intertwine the author as part
of the sentence with the date of publication (in
parentheses) following.
Author Year of Publication
Lee (2016) investigated the risks
inherent in drinking tap water.
Cited info
Basic Format:
Author, A. A., & Author, References
B. B. (Date). Title of the
work. Source where you Including the
can retrieve the complete citation
work. URL or DOI if at the end of
available your paper
Author(s).
List each author's last name and initial as:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C.
Example:
Peligrino, C. J.
Peligrino, C. J., Andam, L., & Rosales, A. A.
Use an ampersand (&) before the final author's name.
(Year).
Title of the article.
Note: For works that are part of a greater whole (e.g. articles, chapter),
use sentence case. Only the first word of the title and subtitle and
proper nouns are capitalized.
Title of the Journal,
volume
(issue)
Page range
DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
Ashing‐Giwa, K. T., Padilla, G., Tejero, J., Kraemer, J.,

Wright, K., Coscarelli, A., Clayton, S., Williams, I., & Hills,
D. (2004). Understanding the breast cancer experience
of women: A qualitative study of African American,
Asian American, Latina and Caucasian cancer
survivors. Psycho‐Oncology, 13(6), 408-
428. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.750
Each item in your references list
requires general publication
information, including but not
limited to:
• Author’s name
• Year of publication
• Title
• Source
Some APA Format
for reference list
Online Journal Article
Author's Last Name, Initials. (Publication Year). Title of article.
Title of Periodical, volume # (issue #), pp–pp.
https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx
For example:
Collins, M. E., Garlington, S., & Cooney, K. (2015). Relieving human suffering:
Compassion in social policy. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 42(1), 95–120.
https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3889&context=jssw
Magazine Article Retrieved Online
Author’s Last Name, Initials. (Publication Year, Month Day).
Title of article. Name of Magazine, volume #(issue),
pp-pp. http://
For example:
Clay, R. A. (2014, December). Taking action against
Ebola. Monitor on Psychology, 45(11), 14.
https://www.apa.org/monitor/2014/12/ebola
Newspaper Article Retrieved Online
Author’s Last Name, Initials. (Publication Year, Month Day).
Title of article. Name of Newspaper. http://
For example:
McAllister, J. (2017, July 5). Beaver Stadium prepares for

inaugural concert. Centre Daily Times.
http://www.centredaily.com/entertainment/this-
weekend/article159672269.html
Printed Book
Author’s Last Name, Initials. (Publication Year). Title
of the book (Edition). Publisher.
For example:
Schmidt, N. A., & Brown, J. M. (2017). Evidence-
based practice for nurses: Appraisal and
application of research (4th ed.). Jones &
Bartlett Learning, LLC.
What if there are
missing
information?
NO author
An author/creator won't necessarily be a person's name. It
may be an organization or corporation or a username on a
site such a YouTube.
Example: Catholic Bishop Conference of the Philippines (2022)

or
shortened title in quotation marks
Example: (“A few words,” 2020)
(A few words, 2020)
anonymous
Example: Anonymous (2022)
NO date
Use n.d. which stands for no date
NO page number
Skip the page # in the reference list.
Use paragraph # instead in in-text citation or omit the
page number if there is only one paragraph to cite
NO title
In square brackets, describe the work that you are citing.
Vividata. (2018). [Potato chips - personally ate in the past 6 months
for all respondents 14+ in Ontario]. http://library.senecacollege.ca/res/vividata.html
Alphabetically sorted
Hanging Indent Section Label
Double
Spaced
Properly citing the works of others is important
because:
✓ Proper citation allows others to locate the materials you used.
✓ Citing other people's words and ideas indicates that you have conducted
thorough review of the literature on your topic.
✓ Other researcher's ideas can be used to reinforce your arguments, or, if you
disagree with them, can act as positions from which to argue an alternative
viewpoint.
✓ Just as other researcher's ideas can bolster your arguments and act as evidence
for your ideas, they can also detract from your credibility if they are found to be
mistaken or fabricated.
✓ Outside academe, ideas are considered intellectual property and there can
serious repercussions if you fail to cite where you got an idea from.
For every in-text
citation in your paper,
there must be a
corresponding entry
in your reference list.
✓ You do not have to cite your own ideas,
unless they have been published.
✓ You do not have to cite common

knowledge, or information that most
people in your audience would know
without having to look it up.
Caulfield, J. (August 23, 2022). The Basics of In-Text Citation | APA & MLA Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved
October 23, 2022, from https://www.scribbr.com/citing-sources/in-text-citation-styles/
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association:
The official guide to APA style (Seventh ed.). American Psychological Association.
11. Citing Sources - Organizing Academic Research Papers - Research Guides at Sacred Heart University
what-is-citation.pdf (marian.edu)
https://www.calltutors.com/blog/mla-vs-apa/
In-text Citations in APA 7 | University Writing & Speaking Center | University of Nevada, Reno (unr.edu)
APA 7th Ed. - Citation - LibGuides at California State University

Dominguez Hills (csudh.edu)

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What

• Its main aim is not to

• APA is used for scientific

Use an ampersand (&) before the final author's name.

Ashing‐Giwa, K. T., Padilla, G., Tejero, J., Kraemer, J.,

McAllister, J. (2017, July 5). Beaver Stadium prepares for

Example: Catholic Bishop Conference of the Philippines (2022)

✓ You do not have to cite common

APA 7th Ed. - Citation - LibGuides at California State University

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