Exercises 1.

1
Patterns in Inductive Reasoning

I. Find the next term or number of the following sequences.

1. 31, 28, 31, 30,___

2. 1, 2, 4, 7, 11,___

3. 3,5,9,15, 23,___

3 5 7 9
4. 4, 6, 8, 10, ___

5. 4, 5, 3, 4, 2,___

6. -3,-1,-1, -3, -7,___

7. 7, 4, 2, 1, 0.5,___

8. 5, 0,-1,-4, -15, 40,___

9. 1, 2,9, 28, 65, 126,___

10. -6, 1, 2, 3, 10, 29,___

11.1, 1, 5, 12, 22, 35, 51,___

II. Determine the next equation and verify the result.

1. (1 x 8) + 1 = 8
(12 x 8) + 2 = 98
(123 x 8) + 3 = 987
Ans.________________________

2. (1 x 9) - 1 = 8
(21 x 9) - 1 = 188
(321 x 9) - 1 = 2888 Ans.________________________

3. 999.999 x 2 = 1.999,998
999.999 x 3 = 2.999,997 Ans.________________________

4. 3² – 1² = 2³
6² – 3² = 3³
10²- 6² = 4³
15²-10² = 5³ Ans.________________________

5. 2² - 1² = 2 + 1
3² – 2² = 3+2
4² – 3² = 4+3 Ans.________________________

6. 1 = 1x1
1+5=2x3
1+5+9=3x5 Ans.________________________
7. (9 x 9) + 7 = 88
(98 x 9) + 6 = 888
(987 x 9) + 5 = 8,888
(9876 x 9) + 4 = 88,888 Ans.________________________

8. (1 x 9) + 2 = 11
(12 x 9) + 3 = 111
(123 x 9) + 4 = 1,111
(1234 x 9) + 5 = 11,111 Ans.________________________

9. 3367 x 3 = 10,101
3367 x 6 = 20,202
3367 x 9 = 30,303
3367 x 12 = 40,404 Ans.________________________

10. 34 x 34 = 1156
334x 334 = 111,556
3334 x 3334 = 11,115,556 Ans.________________________

11. 3 
3(2)
2
6 (3)
3 6 
2
9(4)
3 6  9 
2
12 ( 5 )
3  6  9  12 
2 Ans.________________________

III.Diagram the pattern using small squares S7 = 1 + 2+ 3+ 4+ 5+ 6+ 7 Itemize the number of rectangles
of sizes 1 x 2,1 x3, 1 x 4, etc. to give a total of S7.

1x2 __________
1x3 __________
1x4 __________
1x5 __________
1x6 __________
1x7 __________

In the itemized number of rectangles, will the total be S? __________

III. Following Example 1.1.12, how many regions can be formed in six given points connected by
chords on a circle? Hint: The answer is not 32. __________

IV. Application. Relate the sum (1 + 2 + 3 + 4) to the indicated diagram and explain the result of the
sum.
 Exercises 1.3
Fibonacci Sequences

1. Determine
a. F
b. F27
c. F25 +F36 + F10 ÷ 11
d. (F7 + F8 + ... + F16) ÷ 11 = Fn. what is n?
e. (F15 + ... + F24 ) ÷ 11 = Fn. what is n?

2. Suppose a pair of rabbits will produce a new pair of rabbits in their second month and there after
will produce a new pair every month. The new rabbit will do exactly the same. Start with one pair.
How many pairs will there be in 10 months? Ans.__________

3. FIBONACCI TRICKS. Here are the first Fibonacci numbers for reference: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55,
89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181 and 6735.
Step i. Pick any 10 consecutive Fibonacci number from the list, say F5 up to F14
Ex. 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377
Step ii. Add them up: Ex. 5 + 8 + 13 +21+34 + 55+ 89 + 144 +233 +377 = 979
979
Step iii. Check with your calculator to see if the sum is divisible by 11. 11 = 89 = F11
The answer is still a number in the Fibonacci series In the same pattern, apply the principle of the
Fibonacci sequence in 10 terms.
a) F4, up to F13:
b) F6, up to F15:

4. Find the position n of the Fibonacci when Fn = 10,946.

5. Find the position n of the Fibonacci when Fn = 28,657.

6. Verify the following:

n
a. Verify the formula : s   F i  F n2  1 for n = 9. Ans.__________________
i 1
n
b. Verify the formula : s   F 2i  F 2 n 1  1 for n = 9. Ans.__________________
i 1

n
c. Verify the formula : s   F 2i 1  F 2 n for n = 10. Ans.__________________
i 1

7. Solve the following: n

a. Given S1 = -4 and S2 =-6, using s   F
i1
i
 F n  2
 1 find S20. ___________

b. Find the 18th term of the Fibonacci sequence -8, 3.-5..... ___________
c. Given S1 = 1/2 and S2 = 2, find S5. ___________
d. Find the 10th term S10 in terms of S1 and S2 . ___________
1 2
e. Find the 7th of the Fibonacci sequence -3 ,3. ___________
f. Find S10 + S12, in terms of S1 and S2. ___________
g. Is the sequence 15,30, 45, 75,... a Fibonacci? ___________
h. If S1 = n1, S2 = 2n2, and S4 = n1 + 4n2, find S5. ___________
8. Puzzle. If F1 x F2 is represented by F2, x F3 by, write the expression for the indicate diagram of F5
and F6.
a) Write out an expression for
b) What is the next figure and its expression in Fx .
n
9. a. Given F1 = -3 and F2 = 12. Using the formula s   F
i 1
2 i 1
 F 2n

find the sum of the first 12 odd consecutive numbers in the Fibonacci sequence.
b. Given F1 = -3 and F3 = . Using the formula n
s   F 2i  F 2 n 1  1
i 1
find the sum of the first 12 even consecutive numbers in the Fibonacci sequence.

10. The Parthenon was built to satisfy the golden ratio with the height h and wide satisfying the
following proportion with w = 101 ft.
ℎ � ℎ 101
= ; =
� ℎ+� 101 ℎ+101

Find h with one decimal.

Exercises 1.4
Pascal's Triangle and Applications

1. Which of the following is a problem of combination?

a. A club with 10 members is to select a committee of 5 persons.
b. Tom is leading a workshop for 20 people. He wants each person to meet every other person. (shake
hands once)
c. An ice cream parlor has 31 different flavors. A super sundae allows a person to select 3 different
flavors.
d. How many different arrangements are there in the word CORRECT?
e. If there 10 people in a club, in how many ways can they choose a dishwasher and a bouncer?
f. In how many ways can five taxi drivers be assigned to six cars?
g. A student is asked to select 10 out of 12 questions on an exam. In how many ways can the student
select the question to be answered?
h. In how many ways can seven books be arranged in a bookshelf?

2. Using Fig 1.4.2, find the next sequence of entries in the 11" row of the Pascal's triangle. Hint: There
are 11 entries. ________________________

3. Using Fig 1.4.2, find the next sequence of entries in the 12th row of the Pascal's triangle. Hint:
There are 12 entries. ________________________

4. In a lotto of 52 numbers, how many 6 numbers can we select out of 2 numbers?

________________________

5. How many different possible combinations in tossing a coin 5 times? Explain which row of the
Pascal triangle correspond to the solution. ________________________

6. Apply the property (R)+ (x+1)=(+1) when n = 5 and k = 3. ________________________

7. A pizza establishment offers the following the toppings: extra cheese, sausage, Hawaiian, and
bacon. Find the number of different pizza's that can be made if,
a. exactly 1 topping? _______________________
b. exactly 2 toppings? _______________________
c. exactly 3 toppings? _______________________
d. exactly 4 toppings? _______________________
8. An ice cream parlor has 12 flavors of ice cream and with toppings chocolate, nuts chips, raisins, MM,
and crushed. How many different sets of
a. exactly 3 toppings could you have? ________________________
b. exactly 4 toppings? ________________________
c. any number of toppings (up to 6 available)? ________________________

9. Based on the preceding problem, how many different ice cream and toppings combinations are
available, if a combination consists of 1 flavor of ice cream and any number of toppings?

10. Illustrate the property of the forth entries (1, 4, 6, 4, 1) of the Pascal's triangle with the given set A
= (a, b, c, d, e}.

11. a. Using Fig. 1.3.2, identify the coefficients in the fifth row.
b. What form of binomial is referred in this row?
5
c. What combination is associated for each of the coefficient? Example: 1 =
0