AREA OF AN N-SIDED IRREGULAR CONVEX POLYGON

Let the area of the polygon be A

A = sum of the consisting triangular areas

= ½ xnxn-1 sin ‹y1+1/2 l1x1sint‹y2+1/2l2x2 sin t‹y3+ ½ l3x3 sin t‹y4+ ½ l4x4sint‹y5 +1/2 l5x5

sin t‹y6 +….+ ½ ln-7xn-7 sint‹yn-6 +1/2ln-6 xn-6 sint‹yn-5+ ½ ln-5xn-5 sint‹yn-4 + ½ ln-4 xn-4

sint‹yn-3 + ½ ln-3 xn-3 sint‹yn-2formula 1

Also

A= √2(x2n x2n-1 +l21 x2n +l21x2n-1) – x4n – x4n-1 – l41 + √2(l21 x21+l22 x21+ l21 l22)-x41 – l41 – l42
4 4

+√2(l22 x22 + l23 x22 +l23l22) – x42 – l42 – l43+ √2(l23 x23 +l24l23 + l24x23) – l44-l43-x43
4 4
+√2(l24x24 + l25x24 + l25l24) – l44-l45-x44) + √2(l25l26 + x25l25 + x25l26) –l45-l46-x45 +….+
4 4

√2(l2n-6l2n-7 + x2n-7l2n-7+x2n-7l2n-6 )- l 4
n-6 -l4 n-7-x4 n-7 + √2(l2n-6l2n-5 + x2n-6l2n-5 + x2n-6l2n-5) -l4n-6-l4n-5-x4n-6

4 4

+ √2(l2n-4 l2n-5+x2n-5 l2n-4 +x2n-5 l2n-5 )-l4n-5-l4n-4-x4n-5+√2(l2n-3l2n-4+x2n-4l2n-4+x2n-4l2n-3)-l4n-4-l4n-3-x4n-4

4 4

+√2(x2n-2x2n-3+l2n-3x2n-2+l2n-3x2n-3)- x4n-2-x4n-3-l4n-3 – formula 2

4

Also

A = ½ l1xnsin s‹y2+ ½ l2x1sin s‹y3 + ½ l3x2 sin s‹y4 + ½ l4x3 sin s‹y5 + ½ l5x4sin s‹y6

+ ½ l6x5 sin s‹y7 +…+ ½ ln-6xn-7sin s‹yn-5 + ½ ln-5xn-6 sin s‹yn-4 + ½ ln-4xn-5 sin s‹yn-3 + ½

ln-3 xn-4sin s‹yn-2 +1/2 xn-2 xn-3sin ‹yn-1 – Formula 3

Square formula 2 using squared series rule, (w1+w2+w3+…+wn-1+wn)2 =

w21+w22+w23+…+w2n+2w1(w2+w3+…+wn-1+wn)+2w2(w3+…+wn-2+wn-1+wn) +…

+2wn-2(wn-1+wn)+2wn-1wn

Now the squared characters (w2m) will be from formula 2, the characters outside

the brackets will be from Formula 1, and characters inside the bracket will be from

formula 3, this is to avoid bias for all formulae could havegiven the same value

though through different math, and for simplicity in working.

A2 = √2(x2nx2n-1+l21x2n+l21x2n-1)-x4n-x4n-l412 + √2(l21x21+l22x21+l21l22)-x41-l41-l422 +
4 4

√2(l22x22 + l23x22+l23l22)-x42-l42-l432+√2(l23x23+l24l23+l24x23)-l44-l43-x432 +
4 4

√2(l24x24+l25x24+l25l24)-l44-l45-x442 + √2(l25l26+x25l25+x25l26)-l45-l46-x452 +…+

4 4

√2(l2n-6l2n-7+x2n-7l2n-7+x2n-7l2n-6)-l4n-6-l4n-7-x4n-72 + √2(l2n-6l2n-5+x2n-6l2n-6+x2n-6l2n-5)-l4n-6-l4n-5-x4n-62
4 4

√2(l2n-4l2n-5+x2n-5l2n-4+x2n-5l2n-5)-l4n-5-l4n-4-x4n-52 +
4

√2(l2n-3l2n-4+x4n-4l2n-4+x2n-4l2n-3)-l4n-4-l4n-3-x4n-42
4

+ √2(x2n-2x2n-3+l2n-3x2n-2+l2n-2x2n-3)-x4n-2-x4n-3-l4n-32 +
4

2. ½ xnxn-1sin‹y1½ l2x1 sin s‹y3+ ½ l3x2sin s‹y4+ ½ l4x3sin s‹y5+ ½ l5x4 sins‹y6 +

½ l6x5sin s‹y7+…+ ½ ln-6xn-7sin s‹yn-5+ ½ ln-5xn-6sin s‹yn-4+

½ ln-4xn-5sin s‹yn-3+ ½ ln-3xn-4sin s‹yn-2+ ½ xn-2xn-3sin‹yn-1

+ 2. ½ l1x1sint‹y2 ½ l3x2 sin s‹y4+ ½ l4x3sin s‹y5+ ½ l5x4sin s‹y6+ ½ l6x5sin s‹y7+…

+ ½ ln-6xn-7sin s‹yn-5+ ½ ln-5xn-6sin s‹yn-4+ ½ ln-4xn-5sin s‹yn-3+

½ ln-3xn-4sin s‹yn-2+ ½ xn-2xn-3sin‹yn-1

+ 2. ½ l2x2sin t‹y3 ½ l4x3sin s‹y5+ ½ l5x4sin s‹y6+ ½ l6x5sin s‹y7+…+

½ ln-6xn-7sin s‹yn-5+ ½ ln-5xn-6sin s‹yn-4+ ½ ln-4xn-5sin s‹yn-3+

½ ln-3xn-4sin s‹yn-2+ ½ xn-2xn-3sin ‹yn-1

+2. ½ l3x3sin t‹y4 ½ l5x4sin s‹y6+ ½ l6x5sin s‹y7+…+ ½ ln-6xn-7sin s‹yn-5+

½ ln-5xn-6sin s‹yn-4+ ½ ln-4xn-5sin s‹yn-3 + ½ ln-3xn-4sin s‹yn-2+

½ xn-2xn-3sin ‹yn-1

+2. ½ l4x4sin t‹y5 ½ l6x5sin s‹y7+…+ ½ ln-6xn-7sin s‹yn-5+ ½ ln-5xn-6sin s‹yn-4+

½ ln-4xn-5 sin s‹yn-5+ ½ ln-3xn-4sin s‹yn-2+ ½ xn-2xn-3sin s‹yn-1

+…

+2.½ ln-7xn-7sin t‹yn-6 ½ ln-5xn-6sin s‹yn-4+ ½ ln-4xn-5sin s‹yn-3+ ½ ln-3 xn-4sin s‹yn-2+

½ xn-2 xn-3sin ‹yn-1

+2. ½ ln-6xn-6sin t‹yn-5½ ln-4xn-5sin s‹yn-3+ ½ ln-3xn-4sin s‹yn-2+ ½ xn-2xn-3 sin ‹yn-1

+2 ½ ln-5xn-5sin t‹yn-4 ½ ln-3xn-4sin s‹yn-2 + ½ xn-2xn-3sin‹yn-1

+2 ½ ln-4xn-4sin t‹yn-3 ½ xn-2xn-3sin ‹yn-1

`A2 = 2(x2nx2n-1+l21x2n+l21x2n-1) –x4n-x4n-1-l41 + 2(l21x21+l22x21+l21l22)-x41-l41-l42

16 16
+2(l22x22+l23x22+l23x22)-x42-l42-l43 + 2(l23x23+l24l23+l24x23)-l44-l43-x43
16 16

+2(l24x24+l25x24+l25l24)-l44-l45-x44 + 2(l25l26+x25l25+x25l26)-l45-l46-x45+…+
16 16

2(l2n-6l2n-7+x2n-7l2n-7+x2n-7l2n-6)-l4n-6-l4n-7-x4n-7 +2(l2n-6l2n-5+x2n-6l2n-6+x2n-6l2n-5)-l4n-6-l4n-5-x4n-6
16 16

+2(l2n-4l2n-5+x2n-5l2n-4+x2n-5l2n-5)-l4n-4-l4n-5-x4n-5 + 2(l2n-3l2n-4+x2n-4l2n-4+x2n-4l2n-3) –l4n-3-l4n-4-x4n-4

16 16

+2(x2n-2x2n-3+l2n-3x2n-2+l2n-3x2n-3)-x4n-2-x4n-3-l4n-3 +xnxn-1sin‹y1l2x1sin s‹y3+…+xn-2xn-3sin ‹yn-1

16 2

+l1x1sin t‹y2l3x2sin s‹y4+…+xn-2xn-3sin ‹yn-1+l2x2sint‹y3l4x3sin s‹y5+…+xn-2xn-3sin ‹yn-1

2 2

+l3x3sin t‹y4l5x4sin s‹y6+…+xn-2xn-3sin‹yn-1 +l4x4sin t‹y5l6x5sin s‹y7+…+xn-2xn-3sin ‹yn-1

2 2

+…+ln-7xn-7sin t‹yn-6 ln-5xn-6sin s‹yn-4+…+xn-2xn-3sin ‹yn-1 + ln-6xn-6sin t‹yn-4 ln-4xn-5sin s‹yn-3

2

+...+xn-2xn-3sin‹yn-1 +ln-5xn-5 ln-3xn-4sin s‹yn-2+xn-2xn-3sin ‹yn-1+ ln-4xn-4xn-2xn-3sin t‹yn-3sin ‹yn-1

2 2 2
Now,
L21=x2n-1+x2n-2xn-1xncos‹y1, -2l21(l21=x2n-1+x2n-2xn-1xncos‹y1)-2l41=-2x2n-1l21-2x2nl21+4xn-

x l cos‹y1 (i)
2
1 n 1

L22= l21+x21-2l1x1cos t‹y2, -2l22(l22=l21+x21-2l1x1cost‹y2) -2l42 = -2l21l22 -

l22x21+4l1x1l22cost‹y2 --(ii)

L23 = l22+x22-2l2cost‹y3, -2l23(l23=l22+x22-2l2x2cost‹y3) -2l43 = -2l23l22 -

2l23x22+4l2x2l23cost‹y3--(iii)

L24=l23+x23-2l3x3cos t‹y4, -2l24(l24=l23+x23-2l3x3cos t‹y4) -2l44= -2l24l23-

l24x23+4l3x3l24cost‹y4--(iv)

L25 = l24+x24-2l4x4cos t‹y5, -2l25(l25=l24+x24-2l4x4cos t‹y5) -2l45=-2l25l24-

2l25x24+4l4x4l25cos t‹y5 –(v)

L26=l25+x25-2l5x5cos t‹y6, -2l26(l26=l25+x25-2l3x5cos t‹y6) -

2l46=-2l26l25-

2l26x25+4l5x5l26cos t‹y6 ---(vi)

L2n-6=l2n-7+x2n-7-2ln-7xn-7cos t‹yn-6, -2l2n-6(l2n-6=l2n-7+x2n-7-2ln-7xn-7cos t‹yn-6) -

2l4n-6= -2l2n-

l
2
6 n-7
-
2l2n-6x2n-7+4ln-7xn-7l2n-6cos t‹yn-6 ---(vii)

L2n-5 = l2n-6+x2n-6-2ln-6xn-6cos t‹yn-5, -2l2n-5(l2n-5=l2n-6+x2n-6 – 2ln-6xn-6cos t‹yn-5) -

2l4n-5 = -

2l2n-5l2n-6 – 2l2n-5x2n-6+4ln-6xn-6l2n-5cos t‹yn-5 ---(iii)

L2n-4 = l2n-5+x2n-5-2ln-5xn-5cos t‹yn-4, -2l2n-4(l2n-4 = l2n-5+x2n-5 -2ln-5xn-5cos t‹yn-4) -
2l4n-4= -

2l2n-4l2n-5 –l2n-4x2n-5+4ln-5xn-5l2n-4cos t‹yn-4 --(ix)

L2n-3= l2n-4 +x2n-4-2ln-4xn-4cos t‹yn-3, -2l2n-3(l2n-3=l2n-4+x2n-4-2ln-4xn-4cos t‹yn-3) -

2l4n-3= -

2l2n-3l2n-4-2l2n-3x2n-4+4ln-4xn-4l2n-3cos t‹yn-3 ---(x)

`Substitute (i) to (x) in equation of A above

A2= 2x2nx2n-1+4xn-1xnl21cos‹y1 – x4n-x4n-1+ 2l21x21+4l1x1l22cos t‹y2-

x41+2l22x22+4l2x2l23cos t‹y3-x42+2l23x23+4l3x3l24cos t‹y4 –x43+2l24x24+

4l4x4l25cost‹y5-x44+2l25x25+4l3x5l26cos t‹y6-x45+…+2l2n-7x2n-7+4ln-7xn-7l2n-6cos t‹yn-6

-x4n-7+2l2n-6x2n-6+4ln-6xn-6l2n-5cos t‹yn-5 – x4n-6+2ln-5xn-5+4ln-5xn-5l2n-4cos t‹yn-4 –x4n-5+

2l2n-4x2n-4 + xn-4+4ln-4-x4n-4cos t‹yn-3–x4n-4+2(x2n-2x2n-3+l2n-3x2n-2+l2n-3x2n-3) –x4n-2-x4n-3

+xnxn-1sin‹y1[l2x1sin s‹y3+…+xn-2xn-3sin ‹yn-1]+...+ln-4xn-4xn-2xn-3sin t‹yn-3sin‹yn-1. 8

2 8

Now, l21=xn+xn-1 -2xnxn-1cos‹y1- (i), l22=l21+ x21-2l1x1cost‹y2

:. L22= x2n+x2n-1+x21-2xnxn-1cos‹y1-2l1x1cos t‹y2-(ii), l23=l22+x22-2l2x2cos t‹y3

:.l23 = x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22-2xnxn-1cos‹y1-2l1x1cos t‹y2-2l2x2cos t‹y3-(iii), l24=l23+x23-

2l3x3cos t‹y4
:.l24= x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22+x43-2xnxn-1cos‹y1-2l1x1cos t‹y2-2l2x2cos t‹y3-2l3x3cos t‹y4 –(iv)

, l25 = l24+x24-2l4x4cos t‹y5:. l25=x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22+x23+x24-2xnxn-1cos‹y1-2l1x1cos t‹y2 -

2l2x2cos t‹y3-2l3x3cos t‹y4+2l4x4cos t‹y5 – (v), l26 = l25+x25-2l5x5cos t‹y6, :.l26 =

x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25-2xnxn-1cos‹y1-2l1x1cos t‹y2-2l2x2cos t‹y3-2l3x3cos t‹y4-

2l4x4cos t‹y5-2l5x5cos t‹y6 –(vi)

L2n-6 = l2n-7+x2n-7-2ln-7xn-7cos t‹yn-6 :. L2n-6=x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+…+x2n-7-

2xnxn-7-2xnxn-1cos‹y1 – 2l2x2cos t‹y3-2l3x3cos t‹y4-2l4x4cos t‹y5-2l5x5cos t‹y6-…-2ln-

x cos t‹yn-6 – (viii)

7 n-7

l2n-5=l2n-6+x2n-6-2ln-6xn-6cost‹yn-5, :. L2n-5 = x2n-1+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+…+x2n-7+x2n-6-

2xnxn-1cos‹y1-2l1x1cost‹y2-2l2x2cost‹y3-2l3x3cost‹y4-2l4x4cost‹y5-2l5x5cost‹y6-…-2ln-

x cost‹yn-6-2ln-6xn-6cost‹yn-5- (viii)
7 n-7

l2n-4 = l2n-5+x2n-5-2ln-5xn-5cost‹yn-4, :. L2n-4= x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+…+x2n-7+x2n-

6 +x2n-5-2xnxn-1cost‹y1-2l1x1cost‹y2-2l2x2cost‹y3-2l3x3cost‹y4-x4x4cost‹y5-2l5x5cost‹y6-

…-2ln-7xn-7cos t‹yn-6-2ln-6xn-6cos t‹yn-5 -2ln-5xn-5cos t‹yn-4 –(ix), l2n-3 = l2n-4+x2n-4-2ln-4xn-

4 cos t‹yn-3, :. L2n-3 = x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+…+x2n-7+x2n-6+x2n-5+x2n-4-2xnxn-

1 cost‹y1-2l1x1cost‹y2-2l2x2cost‹y3-2l3x3cost‹y4-2l4x4cost‹y5-2l5x5cost‹y6-…-2ln-7xn-

7 cost‹yn-6-2ln-6xn-6cost‹yn-5-2ln-5xn-5cost‹yn-4-2ln-4xn-4cost‹yn-3 –(x)

Substitute(i) to (x) in equation of A above for 2l2mx2m only

A2=2x2nx2n-1+2x21(x2n+x2n-1-2xnxn-1cos‹y1)+2x22(x2n+x2n-1+x21-2xnxn-1cos‹y1-

2l1x1cost‹y2)+2x23(x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22-2xnxn-1cos‹y1-2l1x1cost‹y2-

2l2x2cost‹y3)+2x24(x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22+x23-2xnxn-1cos‹y1-2l1x1cost‹y2-2l2x2cost‹y3-

2l3x3cost‹y4)+2x25(x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22+x23+x24-2xnxn-1cost‹y1-2l1x1cost‹y2-2l2x2cost‹y3-

2l3x3cost‹y4-2l4x4cost‹y5)+2x26(x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25-2xnxn-1cos‹y1-

2l1x1cost‹y2-2l2x2cost‹y3-2l3x3cost‹y4-2l4x4cost‹y5-2l5x5cost‹y6)+…+2x2n-6(x2n+x2n-

1 +x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+…+x2n-7-2xnxn-1cos‹y1-2l1x1cos‹y2-2l2x2cost‹y3-2l3x3cost‹y4-

2l4x4cost‹y5-2l5x5cost‹y6-…-2ln-7xn-7cost‹yn-6)+2x2n-5(x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+

…+x2n-7+x2n-6-xnxn-1cos‹y1-2l1x1cost‹y2-2l2x2cost‹3-2l3x3cost‹y4-2l4x4cost‹y5-

2l5x5cost‹y6-…-2ln-7xn-7cost‹yn-6-2ln-6xn-6cost‹yn-5)+2x2n-4(x2n+x2n-

1 +x21+x32+x23+x23+x24+x25+…+x2n-7+x2n-6+x2n-5-2xnxn-1cos‹y1-2l1x1cost‹y2-

2l2x2cost‹y3-2l3x3cost‹y4-2l4x4cost‹y5-2l5x5cost‹y6-…-2ln-7xn-7cost‹yn-6-2ln-6xn-6cost‹yn-

5 -2ln-5xn-5cost‹yn-4)+2x2n-3(x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+…+x2n-7+x2n-6+x2n-5+x2n-4-

2xnxn-1cos‹y1-2l1x1cost‹y2-2l2x2cost‹y3-2l3x3cost‹y4-2l4x4cost‹y5-2l5x5cost‹y6-…-2ln-

x cost‹n-6-2ln-6xn-6cost‹n-5-2ln-5xn-5cost‹yn-4-2ln-4xn-4cost‹yn-3)+2x2n-2(x2n+x2n-
7 n-7

1 +x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+…+x2n-7+x2n-6+x2n-5+x2n-4-2xnxn-1cos‹y2-2l2x2cost‹y3-

2l3x3cost‹y4-2l4x4cost‹y5-2l5x5cost‹y6-…-2ln-7xn-7cost‹yn-6-2ln-6xn-6cost‹yn-5-2ln-5xn-

5 cost‹yn-4-2ln-4xn-4cost‹yn-3)+2x2n-2x2n-3-x41-x42-x43-x44-x45-…-x4n-7-x4n-6-x4n-5-x4n-4-x4n-3-

x4n-2-x4n-1-x4n+4xnxn-
 2
1 1 l cos‹y1+4l1x1l22cost‹y2+4l2x2cost‹y3+4l3x3cost‹y4+4l4x4l25cost‹y5+4l5x5l26cost‹y6+

…+4ln-7xn-7l2n-6cost‹yn-6+4ln-6xn-6l2n-5cost‹yn-5+4ln-5xn-5l2n-4cost‹yn-4+4ln-4xn-4l2n-3cost‹yn-3

16

+xnxn-1sin‹y1[l2x1sins‹y3+…+xn-2xn-3sin‹yn-1]+...+ln-4xn-4xn-3xn-2sint‹yn-3sin‹yn-1.8

2 8

A2= 2x2nx2n-1+2x21(x2n+xn-1)+2x22(x2n+x2n-1+x21)+2x23(x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22)+2x24(x2n+x2n-

7 +x21+x22+x23)+2x25(x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22+x23+x24)+ 2x26(x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25)+

…+2x2n-6(x2n+x2n-1+x2n-1+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+…+x2n-7)+2x2n-5(x2n+x2n-

1 +x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+…+x2n-7+x2n-6)+2x2n-4(x2n+x2n-4+x2n-1+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+…

+x2n-7+x2n-6+x2n-5)+2x2n-3(x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+…+x2n-7+x2n-6+x2n-5+x2n-4+x2n-

4 ) + 2x2n-2(x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+…+x2n-7+x2n-6+x2n-5+x2n-4+x2n-4+x2n-3)-

(x41+x42+x43+x44+…+x4n)-4xnxn-1cos‹y1(x21)-(4xnxn-1+4l1x1cost‹y2)x22-(4xnxn-

1 cos‹y1+4l1x1cost‹y2+4l2x2cost‹y3)x23-(4xnxn-

1 cost‹y1+4l1x1cost‹y2+4l2x2cost‹y3+4l3x3cos‹y4)x24-…- (4xnxn-1cos‹y1+4x1x1cost‹y2+

…+4ln-7xn-7cost‹yn-6)x2n-6- (4xnxn-1cos‹y1+4l1x1cost‹y2+4l2x2cost‹y3+…+4ln-7xn-

7 cost‹yn-6+4ln-6xn-6cost‹yn-5)x2n-5–(4xnxn-1cos‹y1+4l1x1cost‹y2+4l2x2cost‹y3+…4ln-7xn-

7 cost‹yn-6+4ln-6xn-6cost‹yn-5+4ln-5xn-5cost‹yn-4)x2n-4- (4xnxn-

1 cost‹y1+4l1x1cost‹y2+4l2x2cost‹y3+…+4ln-7xn-7cost‹yn-6+4ln-6xn-6cost‹yn-5+4ln-5xn-

5 cost‹n-4+4ln-4xn-4cost‹n-3)x2n-3-(4xnxn-1cos‹y1+4l1x1cost‹y2+…+4ln-5xn-5cost‹yn-4+4ln-4xn-

4 cost‹yn-3)x2n-2+4xn-1xn-1l21cos‹y1+4l1x1l22cost‹y2+4l2x2l23cost‹y3+…+4ln-5xn-5l2n-
4 cost‹yn-4+4ln-4xn-4l2n-3cos‹yn-3+8[xnxn-1sin‹y1(l2x1sins‹y3+…+xn-2xn-3sin‹yn-1)+…+ln-4xn-

x x sin‹yn-1sint‹yn-3 ]
4 n-3 n-2

16

Now, l2n-3 = x2n-2+x2n-3-2xn-2xn-3cos‹yn-1-(i), l2n-4=l2n-3+x2n-4-2ln-3xn-4cos s‹yn-2

:.l2n-4= x2n-2+x2n-3+x2n-4-2xn-2xn-3cos‹yn-1-2ln-3xn-4cos s‹yn-2-(ii), l2n-5=l2n-4+x2n-5-2ln-4xn-

5 cos s‹yn-3

:.l2n-5=x2n-2+x2n-3+x2n-4+x2n-5-2xn-2xn-3cos‹yn-1-2ln-3xn-4coss‹yn-2-2ln-4xn-5cos s‹yn-3-(iii),

l2n-6=l2n-5+x2n-6-2ln-5xn-6cos s‹yn-4, :. L2n-6=x2n-2+x2n-3+x2n-4+x2n-5+x2n-6-2xn-2xn-3cos‹yn-1-

2ln-3xn-4cos s‹yn-2-2ln-4xn-5cos s‹yn-3-2ln-5xn-6cos s‹yn-4 –(iv), l2n-7=l2n-6+x2n-7-2ln-6xn-7cos

s‹yn-5

:. l2n-7=x2n-2+x2n-3+x2n-4+x2n-5+x2n-6+x2n-7-2xn-2xn-3cos‹yn-1-2ln-3xn-4cos s‹yn-2 – 2ln-4xn-

5 coss‹yn-3-2ln-5xn-6coss‹yn-4-2ln-6xn-7coss‹yn-5 – (v)

L25 = l26+x25-2l6x6coss‹y7, :. L25 = x2n-2+x2n-3+x2n-4+x2n-5+x2n-6+…+x25-2xn-2xn-3cos‹yn-1-

2ln-3xn-4coss‹yn-2-2ln-4xn-5coss‹yn-3-2ln-5xn-6coss‹yn-6-2ln-6xn-7coss‹yn-5-…-2l6x5coss‹y7 –

(vi)

L24 = l25+x24-2l5x4cos s‹y6, :.l24=x2n-2+x2n-3+x2n-4+x2n-5+x2n-6+…+x25+x24-2xn-2xn-3cos‹yn-

1 -2ln-3xn-4coss‹yn-2-2ln-4xn-5coss‹yn-3-2ln-5xn-6coss‹n-4-2ln-6xn-7coss‹yn-5-…-2l6x5coss‹y7-
2l5x4coss‹y6 –(vii), l23=l24+x23-2l4x3coss‹y5,:.l23=x2n-2+x2n-3+x2n-4+x2n-5+x2n-6+…

+x25+x24+x23-2xn-2xn-3coss‹yn-1-2ln-3xn-4coss‹n-2-2ln-4xn-5coss‹yn-3-2ln-5xn-6coss‹yn-4-ln-6xn-

7 coss‹yn-5-…-2l6x5coss‹y7-2l5x4coss‹y6-2l4x3coss‹y5-(viii), l22=l23+x22-2l3x2coss‹y4

:.l22=x2n-2+x2n-3+x2n-4+x2n-5+xn-6+…+x25+x24+x23+x22-2xn-2xn-3coss‹yn-1-2ln-3xn-4coss‹yn-

2-ln-4xn-5coss‹yn-3-2ln-5xn-6coss‹yn-4-2ln-6xn-7coss‹yn-5-…-2l6x5coss‹y7-2l5x4coss‹y6-

2l4x3coss‹y5-2l3x2coss‹y4-(ix), l21=l22+x21-2l2x1coss‹y3, :. L21=x2n-2+x2n-3+x2n-4+x2n-

5 +x2n-6+…+x25+x24+x23+x22+x21-2xn-2xn-3coss‹yn-1-2ln-3xn-4coss‹yn-2-2ln-4xn-5coss‹yn-3-

2ln-5xn-6coss‹yn-4-2ln-6xn-7coss‹yn-5-…-2l6x5coss‹y7-2l5x4coss‹y6-2l4x3coss‹y5-

2l3x2coss‹y4-2l2x1coss‹y3 – (x)

Substitute (i) to (x) in equation of A above

A2 = 2x2nx2n-1+2x21(x2n+x2n-1)+…+2x2n-2(x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22+x23+…+x2n-5+x2n-4+x2n-3)-

(x41+x42+..+x4n)-4xnxn-1cos‹y1x21)-4xnxn-1cos‹y1+4l1x1cost‹y2)x22-…-(4xnxn-

1 cos‹y1+4l1x1cost‹y2+4l2x2cost‹y3+…+4ln-5cost‹n-4+4ln-4xn-4cost‹yn-3)x2n-2+xn-

1 cost‹y1(x2n-2+x2n-3+x2n-4+x2n-5+x2n-6+…+x25+x23+x22+x21-2xn-2xn-3cost‹yn-1-2ln-3xn-

4 cost‹yn-2-2ln-4xn-5cost‹yn-3-2ln-5xn-6cost‹yn-4-…-2l2x1cost‹y3)+4l1x1cost‹y2(x2n-2+x2n-3+

…+x23+x22-2xn-2xn-3cost‹yn-1-2ln-3xn-4costy‹n-2-…-2l4x3cost‹y5-

2l3x2cos‹y4)+4l2x2cost‹y3 (x2n-2+x2n-3+…+x24+x23—2xn-2xn-3cost‹yn-1-2ln-3xn-4cost‹yn-2 -

…-2l3x3cost‹y5)+…+4ln-5xn-5cos t‹yn-4(x2n-2+x2n-3+x2n-4-2xn-2xn-3cos‹yn-1-2ln-3xn-4coss‹yn-
2 )+4ln-4xn-4cost‹yn-3(x2n-2+x2n-3-2xn-2xn-3cost‹yn-1)+8[xnxn-1sin‹y1(l2x1sins‹y3+…+xn-2xn-

3 sin‹yn-1)+…+ln-4xn-4xn-3xn-2sin‹yn-1sint‹yn-3]

16

A2 = 2x2nx2n-1+2x21(x2n+x2n-1+…+2x2n-2(x2n+x2n-1+x21+x42+x23+…+x2n-5+x2n-4+x2n-3)-

(x41+x42+x43+…+x4n)-4xnxn-1cost‹y1(x21)-(4xnxn-1cost‹y1+4l1x1cost‹y2)x22-(4xnxn-

1 cos‹y1+4l1x1cost‹y2+4l2x2cost‹y3)x23-(4xnxn-

1 cost‹y1+4l1x1cost‹y2+4l2x2cost‹y3+4l3x3cost‹y4)x24-…-(4xnxn-1cost‹y1+4l1x1cost‹y2+

…+4ln-7xn-7cost‹yn-6)x2n-6-(4xnxn-1cost‹y1+4l1x1cost‹y2+4l2x2cost‹y3+…+4ln-7xn-

7 cost‹yn-6+4ln-6xn-6cost‹yn-5)x2n-5-(4xnxn-1cost‹y1+4l1x1cost‹y2+4l2x2cost‹y3+…+4ln-7xn-

7 cost‹yn-6+4ln-6xn-6cost‹yn-5+4ln-5xn-5cost‹yn-7)x2n-4-(4xnxn-

1 cost‹y1+4l1x1cost‹y2+4l2x2cost‹y3+…+4ln-6xn-6cost‹yn-5+4ln-5xn-5cost‹yn-4+ln-4xn-

4 cost‹yn-3)x2n-3-(4xnxn-1cost‹y1+4l1x1cost‹y2+4l2x3cost‹y3+…+4ln-5xn-5cost‹yn-4+4ln-4xn-

4 cost‹yn-3)x2n-2+4xnxn-1cost‹y1(x2n-2+x2n-3+x2n-4+…+x23+x22+21)+4l1x1cost‹y2(x2n-2+x2n-

3 +…+x23+x22+4l2x2cost‹y3(x2n-2+x2n-3+…+x25+x24+x23)+4l3x3cost‹y4 (x2n-2+x2n-3+x2n-4+

…+x25+x24+4l4x4cost‹y5(x2n-2+x2n-3+x2n-4+x2n-5+x2n-6+…+x25+…+4ln-8xn-8cost‹yn-7(x2n-

2 +x2n-3+x2n-4+x2n-5+x2n-6+x2n-7)+4ln-7xn-7cost‹yn-6 (x2n-2+x2n-3+x2n-4+x2n-5+x2n-6)+4ln-6xn-

6 cost‹yn-5(x2n-2+x2n-3+x2n-4+x2n-5)+4ln-5xn-5cost‹yn-4 (x2n-2+x2n-3+x2n-4)+4ln-4cost‹yn-3 (x2n-

2 +x2n-3)-8xnxn-1cost‹y1(xn-2xn-3cost‹yn-1+ln-3xn-4cost‹yn-2+ln-4xn-5cost‹yn-3+…

+2l4x3cost‹y5+l3x2coss‹y4+l2x1coss‹y3)-8l1x1cost‹y2(xn-2xn-3cos‹yn-1+ln-3xn-4cos‹n-2+ln-

x coss‹yn-3+…+2l4x3coss‹y5+l3x2coss‹y4)-8l2x2cost‹y3(xn-2xn-3cos‹yn-1+ln-3xn-4cos‹n-
4 n-5
2 +ln-4xn-5cos‹yn-3+…+l4x3coss‹y5)-8l3x3cost‹y4(xn-2xn-3cos‹yn-1+ln-3xn-4cos‹yn-2+ln-4xn-

5 coss‹yn-3+ln-5xn-6coss‹yn-4+…+l6x5coss‹y7+l5x4coss‹y6)-8l4x4cost‹y5 (xn-2xn-3cos‹yn-

1 +ln-3xn-4coss‹yn-2+ln-4xn-5coss‹yn-3+…+l6x5coss‹y7)-…-8ln-8xn-8cost‹yn-7 (xn-2xn-3cost‹yn-

1 +ln-3xn-4coss‹yn-2+ln-4xn-5coss‹yn-3+ln-5xn-6coss‹yn-4+ln-6xn-7cost‹yn-5)-8ln-7xn-7cost‹yn-6 (xn-

x cost‹yn-1+ln-3xn-4coss‹yn-2+ln-4xn-5coss‹yn-3+ln-5xn-6coss‹yn-4)-8ln-6xn-6cost‹yn-5 (xn-2xn-
2 n-3

3 cos‹yn-1+ln-3xn-4coss‹yn-2+ln-4xn-5coss‹yn-3)-8ln-5xn-5cost‹yn-4(xn-2xn-3cost‹yn-1+ln-3xn-

4 coss‹yn-2)-8ln-4xn-4xn-3xn-2cost‹yn-3cos‹yn-1+8xn-

1 n x sin‹y1(l2x1sins‹y3+l3x2sins‹y4+l4x3sins‹y5+l5x4sins‹y6+l6x5sins‹y7+…+ln-6xn-

7 sins‹yyn-5+ln-5xn-6sins‹yn-4+ln-4xn-5sins‹yn-3+ln-3xn-4sins‹yn-2+xn-2xn-3sin‹yn-

3 +8l1x1sint‹y2(l3x2sins‹y4+l4x3sins‹y5+l5x4sins‹y6+l6x5sins‹y7+…+ln-6xn-7sins‹yn-5+ln-

x sins‹yn-4+ln-4xn-5sins‹yn-3+ln-3xn-4sins‹yn-2+xn-2xn-3sins‹yn-1)+8l2x2sint‹y2
5 n-6

(l4x3sins‹y5+l5x4sins‹y6+l6x5sins‹y7+…+ln-6xn-7sins‹yn-5+ln-5xn-6sins‹yn-4+ln-4xn-5sins‹yn-

3 +ln-3xn-4sins‹yn-2+xn-2xn-3sins‹yn-1)+ 8l3x3sint‹y4(l5x4sins‹y6+l6x5sins‹y7+…+ln-4xn-

5 sins‹yn-3+ln-3xn-4sins‹yn-2+xn-2xn-3sin‹yn-1)+8l4x4sint‹y5 (l6x5sins‹y7+…+ln-4xn-5sins‹yn-

3 +ln-3xn-4sins‹yn-2+xn-2xn-3sin‹yn-1+…+8ln-7xn-7sint‹yn-6 (ln-5xn-6sins‹yn-4+ln-4xn-5sins‹yn-

3 +ln-3xn-4sins‹yn-2+xn-2xn-3sint‹yn-1)+8ln-6xn-6sint‹yn-5 (ln-4xn-5sins‹yn-3+ln-3xn-4sins‹yn-2+xn-

x sin‹yn-1) +8ln-5xn-5sint‹yn-4 (ln-3xn-4sins‹yn-2+ xn-2xn-3sin‹yn-1) + 8ln-4xn-4xn-3xn-

2 n-3

2 sint‹yn-3sin‹yn-1

16

Now –cos(A+B) = -CosAcosB+SinAsinB, square root both sides of equation A2

A= 2x2nx2n-1+2x21(x2n+x2n-1+2x22(x2n+x2n-2+x21)+2x23(x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22)+…+2x2n-

6 (x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+….+x2n-7) +2x2n-5(x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22+x23+….

+x2n-7+x2n-6+x2n-5+x2n-6)+2x2n-4(x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22+x23+….+x2n-7+x2n-6+x2n-5+x2n-

6 +x2n-5) +2x2n-3(x2n+x2n-1+x21+x22+x23+…+x2n-7+x2n-6+x2n-5+x2n-4) +2x2n-2(x2n+x2n-

1 +x21+x22+x23+….+x2n-7+x2n-6+x2n-5+x2n-4+x2n-3)-(x41+x42+…+x4n-2+x4n-1+x4n)-

8xnxn-1

[l2x1cos(‹y1+s‹y3)+l3x2cos(‹y1+s‹y4)+l4x3cos(‹y1+s‹y5)+l5x4cos(‹y1+s‹y6)+l6x5c

os(‹y1+s‹y7)+…+ln-6xn-7cos(‹y1+s‹yn-5)+ln-5xn-6cos(‹y1+s‹yn-4)+ln-4xn-

5 cos(‹y1+s‹yn-3)+ln-3xn-4cos(‹y1+s‹yn-2)+xn-2xn-3cos(‹y1+‹yn-1)]

+l1x1[l3x2cos(t‹y2+s‹y4)+l4x3cos(t‹y2+s‹y5)+l5x4cos(t‹y2+s‹y6)+l6x5cos(t‹y2+s‹y

7 )+…+ln-6xn-7cos(t‹y2+s‹yn-5)+ln-5xn-6cos(t‹y2+s‹yn-4)+ln-4xn-5cos(t‹y2+s‹yn-3)+ln-

x cos(t‹y2+s‹yn-2)+xn-2xn-3cos(t‹y2+s‹yn-
3 n-4

1 ]+l2x2[l4x3cos(t‹y3+s‹y5)+l5x4cos(t‹y3+s‹y6)+ l6x5cos(t‹y3+s‹y7)+…+ln-6xn-

7 cos(t‹y3+s‹yn-5)+ln-5xn-6cos(t‹y3+s‹yn-4)+ln-4xn-5cos(t‹y5+s‹yn-3)+ln-3xn-

4 cos(t‹y3+s‹yn-2)+xn-3xn-3cos(t‹y3+s‹yn-1)0]+

l3x3[l5x4cos(t‹y4+s‹y6)+l6x3cos(t‹y4+s‹y7)+…+ln-4xn-5cos(t‹y4+s‹yn-3+ln-3xn-

4 cos(t‹y4+s‹yn-2) + xn-2xn-3cos(t‹y4+‹yn-1)]+l4x4[l6x5cos(t‹y5+s‹y7)+…+ln-4xn-

5 cos(t‹y5+s‹yn-3)+ ln-3xn-4cos(t‹y5+s‹yn-2) + xn-2xn-3cos(t‹y5+s‹yn-1)]+…+ln-7xn-7[ln-

x (t‹yn-6+s‹yn-4)+ ln-4xn-5cos(t‹yn-6+s‹yn-3)+ln-3xn-4cos(t‹yn-6+s‹yn-2)+xn-2xn-
5 n-6

3 cos(t‹yn-6+‹yn-1)]+ ln-6xn-6[ln-4xn-5cos(t‹yn-5+s‹yn-3) + ln-3xn-4cos(t‹yn-5+s‹yn-2) + xn-

x cos(t‹yn-5+‹yn-1)] + ln-5xn-5[ln-3xn-4cos(t‹yn-4+s‹yn-2)+ xn-2xn-3cos(t‹yn-4+‹yn-1)]
2 n-3

+ ln-4xn-4xn-3xn-2cos(t‹yn-3+‹yn-1)