Co Analyser

What is Flue Gas?
Flue gas is a mixture of various gases obtained by the burning of fuel

materials at the boiler furnace in the presence of excess air or oxygen
in power plants and vented to the atmosphere via ducts and chimneys.
Flue gas is also known as exhaust gas or stack gas
Composition of Flue Gas

Composition Mol % Coal-fired Mol % Gas Fired
H2O 8 8
Nitrogen 73 76
Carbon dioxide 14 4
Oxygen 3.5 12
Hydrogen sulfide 0.05 0
Flue Gas Parameter

Parameter Coal-fired Gas fired
The flow rate in m3 per hour 2400 2850
The temperature in Degree Celsius 40 40
Pressure in kg/cm2 1.1 1.1
 The complete combustion of the fuel and the analysis of flue gas is a
very important consideration in all power plant stations.
 The term complete combustion defines a total conversion of the carbon
present into carbon dioxide (CO₂), hydrogen into H₂O, and sulfur into
SO₂.
 The measurement of CO₂ in flue gas gives an idea of how effectively
the combustion has taken place in the boiler.
 To represent complete combustion the absolute value of CO₂ is not
found.
 An indication is available for total fuel consumed and CO2 variation with
respect to time.
 To measure CO2 present in flue gas, the principle of thermal
conductivity is considered.
 The thermal conductivity of CO₂ is quite low compared to other principal
constituents of flue gases namely N₂, O₂, H₂, and CO.
Serial Components Symbol
1 Methane CH4
2 Benzene C6H6
3 Ammonia NH3
4 Sulphur Dioxide SO2
5 Hydrogen H2
6 Carbon Dioxide CO2
7 Carbon Monoxide CO
8 Nitrogen N2
9 Oxygen O2
10 Air –
To determine the CO₂ content in flue gas, the flue gas is allowed to pass
through two test cells and the air is passed through two reference cells in
which they flow around stretched platinum resistance wire electrically heated
up to 100°C.
 The test gas and reference air will transfer the heat generated to the cell
walls as per the individual conductivity of that gas.
 The conductivity and CO2 content are inverse proportion to each other
when the flue gas conductivity decreases as CO₂ content increases and
vice versa. During the same period the temperature and resistivity of the
heated wires increases.
 The bridge unbalance is measured and the instruments are calibrated in
the percentage of carbon dioxide by their volume.
 For instance, 20% CO₂ in flue gas will increase the temperature of the
heated wires by approximately 6°C and thereby increase the electrical
resistance by 0.2 ohms.
 The thermal conductivity of Carbon Dioxide is 0.0166 W/(m·K).
How do you Calculate Carbon Dioxide in Flue Gas?
 Let us assume biomass of 100 kg.

 This calculation confirms that all the carbon is burned, meaning no
carbon is found in burnt ash.
 In case of any unburned carbon, it must be subtracted from the value of
carbon. There is no entry of N2 in flue gas or the system.
 Carbon dioxide from biomass = 4.33 × 0.224 = 0.97 m3.

 Net dry flue in gas 1 kg of wood = 4.872 m3.
 Therefore percentage of Carbon-di-Oxide (%CO2) is 0.97/4.872 = 19.91
%.
Assuming stoichiometric combustion (0% O2).
 For 20 % excess air = 16.6 % CO2

Which instrument is used to measure carbon content in flue gas?
Carbon content in flue gas is measured using an Orsat apparatus gas

analyzer. It is laboratory equipment for analyzing flue gas samples for oxygen,
CO, and CO2 content.
What do you mean by thermal conductivity?
Thermal Conductivity is defined as the material’s ability to transfer heat. It is

the heat energy transferred per unit time and the unit surface area divided by
the temperature difference.
What is the principle of a thermal conductivity analyzer?
The thermal conductivity of a gas analyzer is a measure of gas concentration

by using the difference in thermal conductivities between two gas
components.
In the gas detector, there is a reference chamber and a measuring chamber in

each of which a thin platinum wire is stretched.
How is the thermal conductivity of gas measured?
All gases have their thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of a gas is
measured using a sensor that employs four matched filaments that change
their resistance according to the thermal conductivity of the gas passing over
it.

Co Analyser

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Co Analyser

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Co Analyser

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What is Flue Gas?

Flue gas is a mixture of various gases obtained by the burning of fuel

Flue gas is also known as exhaust gas or stack gas

Composition of Flue Gas

Hydrogen sulfide 0.05 0

Flue Gas Parameter

The flow rate in m3 per hour 2400 2850

The temperature in Degree Celsius 40 40

Pressure in kg/cm2 1.1 1.1

4 Sulphur Dioxide SO2

6 Carbon Dioxide CO2

How do you Calculate Carbon Dioxide in Flue Gas?

 Let us assume biomass of 100 kg.

 Carbon dioxide from biomass = 4.33 × 0.224 = 0.97 m3.

Assuming stoichiometric combustion (0% O2).

 For 20 % excess air = 16.6 % CO2

Which instrument is used to measure carbon content in flue gas?

Carbon content in flue gas is measured using an Orsat apparatus gas

Thermal Conductivity is defined as the material’s ability to transfer heat. It is

What is the principle of a thermal conductivity analyzer?

The thermal conductivity of a gas analyzer is a measure of gas concentration

In the gas detector, there is a reference chamber and a measuring chamber in

How is the thermal conductivity of gas measured?

You might also like