Chemistry3 96) P
Chemistry3 96) P
Chemistry3 96) P
QUESTION BANK
CHEMISTRY
FYJC –SCIENCE (2022-2023)
FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2022
Syllabus: Chapters:-
4. Structure of Atom.
5. Chemical Bonding
6. Redox Reaction
c. Sample of pure water, whatever the source always contains 88.8 by mass of oxygen and 11.1% by
mass of hydrogen?
i. 88.8 ii. 18 iii. 80 iv. 16
d. The branch of chemistry which deals with study of separation, identification & quantitative
determination of the composition of different substances is called as
Analytical chemistry.
i. Physical chemistry
ii. Inorganic chemistry
iii. Organic chemistry
iv. Analytical chemistry
b. What weight of calcium oxide will be formed on heating 19.3 g of calcium carbonate ? (At.
Wt. : Ca= 40 : C= 12; O =16).
CaCO3 à CaO + CO2
100g 56g 44g
19.3g x
Given : Mass of CaCO3 consumed in reaction = 19.3 g
To find : Mass of CaO formed
Calculation : Calcium carbonate decomposes according to the balanced equation, So, 100 g of
CaCO3 produce 56 g of CaO.
!".$
∴ Mass of CaO formed = 56 x !%%
= 10.81 g
Chapter 3 :- Some Analytical Techniques
2. Colourless components on chromatogram can be observed by the following Using u.v. light.
a. Using u.v. light
b. Using iodine chamber
c. using the spraying reagent
d. All of these
3. Which of the following techniques is used for separation of glycerol from soap in soap
industry? distillation under reduced pressure
a. Filtration
b. fractional distillation
c. distillation under reduced pressure
d. crystallization
3. List the properties of solvents which make them suitable for crystallization.
The solvent to be used for crystallization should have the following properties:
i. The compound to be crystallized should be least or sparingly soluble in the solvent
at room temperature but highly soluble at high temperature.
ii. Solvent should not react chemically with the compound to be purified.
iii. Solvent should be volatile so that it can be removed easily.
2. Explain the solvent extraction process with neat and labelled diagram.
Extraction of compound takes place based on the difference in solubility of compound in two
liquids.
• In this process, the solute distributes itself between two immiscible liquids. From the
aqueous phase the solute gets extracted in the organic phase.
• On shaking for a few times with small volumes of organic phase, most of the solute gets
extracted into the organic phase.
• Then solute is then recovered from organic solvent either by evaporation of organic
solvent or distillation.
The solvent extraction process is important as it helps
clean separations in a short time span.
5. Answer the following: (4 marks question)
1. Describe distillation method with suitable diagram.
Liquids which boil without decomposition at atmospheric pressure are purified by the process of simple
distillation.
In this process the liquid is first converted into its vapour by boiling and then the vapour is condensed
back into liquid by cooling, and the pure liquid trickles down in the receiver.
It consists of round bottom flask fitted with a cork having a thermometer. The flask has a side arm through
which it is connected to a condenser. The condenser has a jacket with two outlets through which water is
circulated. The liquid to be distilled is taken. in the round bottom flask fixed by clamp. The flask is placed
in a water bath or oil bath or sometimes wire gauze is kept on a stand.
The condenser is connected to receiver to collect the purified liquid. Care is taken that the bulb of the
thermometer is just below the side arm of the round bottom flask.
The flask is heated. As the boiling point of the liquid is reached it starts boiling and the vapour’s rise to the
neck of the flask and pass through the side arm into the cooler parts of the condenser, which is kept cool.
by circulating water through its jacket. The vapours condense and the liquid is collected. in the receiver.
CHAPTER 4. STRUCTURE OF ATOM
3. The energy difference between the shells goes on decreasing when moved away from the
nucleus.
a. increasing
b. decreasing
c. equalizing
d. static
Thus, in an atom, any two electrons can have the same three quantum numbers, but the fourth
quantum number must be
vi. This leads to the conclusion that an orbital can accommodate a maximum of two electrons and
it has two electrons, they different. must have opposite spin.
5. Long Answers ( 04 Marks each)
1.Write the postulates of Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom.
Chapter 5 :- Chemical Bonding
1. Multiple choice questions ( 01 Marks each)
1. The hybrid orbitals give stronger covalent bond due to the presence of unpaired
electrons.
i. their orientation
ii. larger extent of overlap
iii. their similar shapes
iv. the presence of unpaired electrons
Covalent bond is formed when the atoms of same or different elements combine by
mutual sharing of electrons.
Example: Formation of single covalent bond in chlorine molecule: Single covalent bond
is formed by sharing of one pair of electrons between two atoms.
3. Short Answers (02 Marks each)
3. Explain the interaction forces and energy changes that takes place during the
formation of a covalent bond.
4. Short Answers (03 Marks each)
1. Explain the geometry of methane (CH4) molecule on the basis of sp3 hybridization.
2. Write the postulates of valence bond theory.
1. A covalent bond is formed when the half-filled valence orbital of one atom overlaps with
a half-filled valence orbital of another atom.
2. The electrons in the half-filled valence orbitals must have opposite spins.
3. During bond formation the half-filled orbitals overlap and the opposite spins of the
electrons get neutralized. The increased electron density decreases the nuclear repulsion
and energy is released during overlapping of the orbitals.
4. Greater the extent of overlap stronger is the bond formed, however complete overlap of
orbitals does not take place due to internuclear repulsions.
5. If an atom possesses more than one unpaired electrons, then it can form more than one
bond. So number of bonds formed will be equal to the number of half-filled orbitals in
the valence shell i.e. number of unpaired electrons.
6. The distance at which the attractive and repulsive forces balance each other is the
equilibrium distance between the nuclei of the bonded atoms. At this distance the total
energy of the bonded atoms is minimum and stability is maximum.
7. Electrons which are paired in the valence shell cannot participate in bond formation.In an
atom if there is one or more vacant orbital present then these electrons can unpair and
participate in bond formation provided the energies of the filled and vacant orbitals differ
slightly from each other.
8. During bond formation the 's' orbital which is spherical can overlap in any direction. The
'p' orbitals can overlap only in the x, y or z directions. [similarly 'd' and 'f' orbitals are
oriented in certain directions in space and overlap only in these direction]. Thus the
covalent bond is directional in nature.
5. Long Answers (04 Marks each)
!
Formal charge on N = 5 – 0 – '(8) = +1
FC = VE - LPE - ½(BE)
b) Sulphur in H2SO4 molecule
!
Formal Charge on S = 6 – 0 - '(12) = 0
c) Phosphorous in .
!
Formal Charge on P = 5 – 0 - '(10) = 0
1. Which of the following halogens does always show oxidation state -1? F
a) F b) Cl
c) Br d) I
a)+1 b) +2 c) +3 d)+4
(a) H2SO4
Oxidation number of H = +1 Oxidation number of O = -2 H2SO4 is a neutral molecule.
∴ Sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms of H2SO4 = 0
∴ 2 × (Oxidation number of H) + (Oxidation number of S) + 4 × (Oxidation number of O) = 0
∴ 2 × (+1) + (Oxidation number of S) + 4 × (-2) = 0
∴ Oxidation number of S + 2 – 8 = 0
∴ Oxidation number of S in H2SO4 = +6
(b) HNO3
Oxidation number of H = +1 Oxidation number of O = -2 HNO3 is a neutral molecule.
∴ Sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms of HNO3 = 0
∴ (Oxidation number of H) + (Oxidation number of N) + 3 × (Oxidation number of O) = 0
∴ (+1) + (Oxidation number of N) + 3 × (-2) = 0
∴ Oxidation number of N + 1 – 6 = 0
∴ Oxidation number of N in HNO3 = +5
2.Find the oxidation numbers to the underlined species in the following compounds or ions:
1)SbF61-
Oxidation number of F = -1
∴ Sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms of SbF61- = -1
∴ (Oxidation number of Sb) + 6 x (Oxidation number of F) = -1
Oxidation number of Sb = 5
2)CrO5
Oxidation no. of Cr = +6
(b) CuO
(c) TI2O
(d) MnO
Chapter 7:- MORDEN PERIODIC TABLE
1. In modern periodic table, the period number indicates the principal quantum number.
a. atomic number b. atomic mass
c. principal quantum number d. azimuthal quantum number
2. If the valence shell electronic configuration is ns2 np5 ,the element will belong to halogens.
a. Alkali metals
b. Halogens
c. Alkaline earth metals
d. Actinides
3. In which group of elements of the modern periodic table are halogen placed?
a.17
b. 6
c. 4
d. 2
b) Electron gain enthalpy:- The enthalpy change that takes place when an electron is added to an
isolated gaseous atom in its ground state is called as electron gain enthalpy, ΔegH.
2. Distinguished between metals and nonmetals.
3. Why the second ionization enthalpy is greater than the first ionization enthalpy?
The second ionization enthalpy (ΔiH2) is greater than the first ionization enthalpy (ΔiH2) as it
involves the removal of an electron from the positively charged species.
2. Variation of ionization energy across a period: The screening effect is the same while the
effective nuclear charge increases across a period. As a result, the outer electron is held more
tightly, and hence, the ionization enthalpy increase across a period. Therefore, the alkali metal
shows the lowest first ionization enthalpy while the inert gas shows the highest first ionization
enthalpy across a period.
Chapter 8 :- Elements of Group 1 and 2
1.Multiple choice questions (01 marks each)
1) The unstable isotope of hydrogen is H-3.
a) H-1
b) H-2
c)H-3
d) all of the three
ii) Beryllium oxide is treated separately with aq. HCl and aq. NaOH solution.
BeO + 2HCl à BeCl2 + H2O
BeO + 2NaOH à Na2BeO2 + H2O
2) Outline the industrial production of dihydrogen from steam . Also write the
chemical reaction involved.
2. The relation between Kc and Kp for the reaction A(g)+ B(g) 2C(g) + D(g)
is Kc = YKp.
i) Kc = YKp
ii) Kp = Kc2
!
iii) Kc = #
" !
iv) Kp/Kc =1
In all processes which attain equilibrium, two opposing processes are involved. Equilibrium is attained when the rates of
the two opposing processes become equal. If the opposing processes involve only physical changes, the equilibrium
is called physical equilibrium.
When a liquid evaporates in a closed container, the liquid molecules escape from the liquid surface into vapour phase
building up vapour pressure. They also condense back into liquid state because the container is closed. In the
beginning the rate of evaporation is high and the rate of condensation is low. But with time, as more and more vapour
is formed, the rate of evaporation goes down and the rate of condensation increases. Eventually the two rates become
equal. This gives rise to a constant vapour pressure. This state is known as an 'equilibrium state'. In this state, the
number of molecules leaving the liquid surface equals the number of molecules returning to the liquid from the vapour
state. Across the interface, there is a lot of activity between the liquid and the vapour.
This state, when the rate of evaporation is equal to the rate of condensation is called equilibrium state. It may be
represented as :
H₂O(liquid) H₂O (vapour)
Chapter 14. :Basic principles of Organic Chemistry.
1.Multiple choice questions (1mark each)
1. The compounds CH3—O— CH3 and CH3—CH2—OH exhibit Functional group isomerism.
a) Metamerism b) Position Isomerism
c) Functional group isomerism d) Chain isomerism
5.The stability order of carbocation is (CH3)3C+ > CH3-CH+-CH3 > CH3CH2+ > CH3+
a) (CH3)3C+ > CH3-CH+-CH3 > CH3CH2+ > CH3+
b) (CH3)3C+ < CH3-CH+-CH3 < CH3CH2+ < CH3+
c) CH3+ > CH3CH2+ < CH3-CH+-CH3 > (CH3)3C+
d) CH3+ < CH3CH2+ < CH3-CH+-CH3 > (CH3)3C+
OH
NH2
(ii) Halide
Ans :- Structure :- -X
Example :- C3H7Cl
Common name :- Propyl chloride
(iii) Aldehyde
Ans :- Structure :- -CHO
Example C5H10O
Common name :- Valeraldehyde
iv) Ester
Ans :- Structure :- -COO
Example CH3COOCH3
Common Name :- Methyl Acetate
Chapter 15 :- Hydrocarbons
a.
b.
+ H2 à
(Hydrogen)
(Benzene) (Cyclohexane)
c.
Ans :-
5. Long Answers (04 Marks each)
1. Predict the possible products of following reaction.
a) Chlorination of nitrobenzene
b) Sulphonation of chlorobenzene
c) Bromination of phenol
d) Nitration of toluene.
a. Nitro group is meta directing group. So, chlorination of nitrobenzene gives m-
chloronitrobenzene.
b. Chloro group is ortho and para directing group. So, sulphonation of chlorobenzene
gives p-chlorobenzene sulphonic acid and o-chlorobenzene sulphonic acid.
c. Phenolic -OH group is ortho and para directing group. So, bromination of phenol
gives p- bromophenol and o-bromophenol.
d. Methyl group is ortho and para directing group. So, nitration of toluene gives p-
nitrotoluene and o-nitrotoluene.
MEET