This document discusses C# data types and variable declarations, explicit and implicit casting between data types, logical operators, and function naming conventions. It provides examples of declaring variables of different data types, casting variables between types, using logical operators, and naming functions based on their purpose. The document prompts the reader to practice these concepts by declaring variables, casting between types, using logical operators with true/false statements, and suggesting names for example functions.
This document discusses C# data types and variable declarations, explicit and implicit casting between data types, logical operators, and function naming conventions. It provides examples of declaring variables of different data types, casting variables between types, using logical operators, and naming functions based on their purpose. The document prompts the reader to practice these concepts by declaring variables, casting between types, using logical operators with true/false statements, and suggesting names for example functions.
This document discusses C# data types and variable declarations, explicit and implicit casting between data types, logical operators, and function naming conventions. It provides examples of declaring variables of different data types, casting variables between types, using logical operators, and naming functions based on their purpose. The document prompts the reader to practice these concepts by declaring variables, casting between types, using logical operators with true/false statements, and suggesting names for example functions.
This document discusses C# data types and variable declarations, explicit and implicit casting between data types, logical operators, and function naming conventions. It provides examples of declaring variables of different data types, casting variables between types, using logical operators, and naming functions based on their purpose. The document prompts the reader to practice these concepts by declaring variables, casting between types, using logical operators with true/false statements, and suggesting names for example functions.
The table shows some of the language’s primitive (value-based) data-types and the string reference type.
Byte (byte), 1bytes Single (float), 4bytes Char (char), 2bytes Boolean String, 4bytes address Int16 (short), 2bytes Double (double), 8bytes (bool), 1byte Int32 (int), 4bytes Int64 (long), 8bytes For whole numbers, For decimal/real For single letters, Truth values: For a sequence of e.g.: -7, -5, 0, 3, 7, numbers, e.g.: -5.5, digits, special True, False characters (one or 11, 999 0.00, 10.9999 characters and/or more) e.g.: “algorithms symbols, e.g., ‘a’, ‘b’, and programming”, ‘c’, ‘X’, ‘Y’, ‘Z’, ‘1’, ‘2’, “123456789”, “Joe ‘3’, ‘@’, ‘#’, ‘!,’ ‘?’ Smith”, “Jan-20”
Character values are String values are
surrounded by single surrounded by double quotes quotes
Declaration Syntax
datatype varName; // declaration, reserves space in memory for that variable
or datatype varName = some_value; // declaration and initialization, reserves space and stores the value
Convention: Choose an informative name for your variable – typically, you would be looking at one or more nouns. C# favors camelCase notation for naming local variables. Start with a lower-case letter, then every subsequent word starts with an upper-case letter. E.g.: myVariable, myVar1, day, weekDay, dayOfTheWeek, hourlyWage, rate, ….
Declare a variable for each of the following:
a. the current temperature
b. a letter grade c. your final AP average d. the number of students in a class e. your favorite colour f. the temperature required for baking a banana cake g. your middle initial h. your 7-digit student ID i. your 10-digit mobile number j. PI k. the name of your bank l. a yes/no answer to a question
To do so, you must think of any possible value that represents this variable. In the case of the temperature, one would think: -20, 0, 10, 25, but also 18.5, 7.5, … This will allow you to determine the type. Once you’ve got the type and the name, you may go ahead assign values to these variables and print them. #2 [explicit casting]
Casting is when the value of a variable changes type. For example, in int a = 5, the 5 is an integer. If we wish to turn the 5 into 5.0, i.e., a float, then we need to prepend it with the desired type between parenthesis: (float)5. Seeing that the 5 is contained in variable a, this becomes (float)a. This results in a float and should be assigned to a float variable. Casting syntax:
type1 var1 = some_value; // first, for an assigned &/or scanned value, declare a variable to contain it. type2 var2 = (type2) var1; // then, cast this variable into another type, & save the result in a variable of that new type
Declare a(n) ________ variable and cast it into a(n) ________ variable. Print the latter. What do you observe in each case?
a. integer, float b. float, integer c. float, double d. char, integer e. char, float f. integer, char g. float, char
#3 [implicit casting]
“Prompt the user” translates into a Console.WriteLine() function call, which allows you to communicate to the user what you want them to enter, followed by a Console.ReadLine() function call, which allows you read their input.
1. a. Prompt the user for a float and save it in an integer. Print the integer. What do you observe? b. Now, prompt the user to enter an integer or a float. This time, save it in the right variable type. c. Print that variable. What do you observe?
2. a. Prompt the user for an integer and save it in a float. Print the float. What do you observe? b. Repeat steps 1b and 1c.
#4 [logic]
A statement is either true or false, but it cannot be both at the same time. For instance:
Statement Truth Value
S1: 1 is strictly less than 5 True S2: 0 is equal to 100 False S3: “January is considered a winter month” True S4: “We meet for algorithms on Fridays” False S5: “2 is even and prime” True
The table on the left depicts the resulting truth value when two statements are joined with logic operators:
- && (and) , and
- || (or) The table on the right depicts the truth value of a statement (or a logic operator) that is being negated.
S1 S2 && || S !S (not S) T T T T T F T F F T F T F T F T && || F F F F || &&
1. Come up with 4 or 8 pairs of statements that would allow you to understand how && and || operate. For example, the pair below illustrates the first row in the table:
S1: 2 is even S2: 2 is prime S1 && S2 => true and S1||S2 => true
2. Throw a third statement S3 in the mix. Let S3 be true, then let it be false. What happens?
#5 [function naming]
main() is a function. It is called main because it is the main point of entry & exit of the program. Other functions that programmers create will be defined outside main(). Unlike variables, functions do not carry information: they DO something. They perform an action. Therefore, they are best named with a verb followed by a noun. C# favors PascalCase notation for function names. The first letter of every word is capitalized while the rest of the word is in lower-case. E.g.: MakeBananaMangoSmoothie, MakeCappuccino, IsSunny, RunAnalytics, …
How would you simply name a function that:
a. adds a bunch of numbers
b. computes the value of a number raised to some power c. tells you the day of the week d. prints a new line e. lets you know if a number is prime or not f. converts a numeric average to the corresponding letter grade g. calculates your BMI
