Task 3 1

Task 3 Annotated Bibliography

Megan Handforth

Old Dominion University

HMSV 440W Program Development, Implementation, and Funding

Professor Francisa Rivas

February 19, 2023

Annotated bibliography

Anderson-Butcher, D., Newsome, W. S., & Ferrari, T. M. (2002, December 12).

Participation in Boys and Girls Clubs and relationships to youth outcomes. Wiley Online

Library; John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcop.10036

Boys and Girls Club is an organization that has many centers throughout America and

each center runs an after-school program every day to aid young adults. This article explores the

experiences and benefits provided by youth development organizations. Mainly it talks about the

Boys and Girls Clubs of America and how the structure and educational programs aid young

people in developing as well-functioning adults. It goes on to explain that overall attendance is

what benefits youths that participate in this program mainly to decrease substance use. The

researchers conducted interviews and surveys with a population of 139 youths at one of the

clubs. They gathered results that actually proved that the Boys and Girls Clubs of America help

young adults with an array of things from mental health issues, educational issues, health, and

activities, and allowing them a safe place to go if they have nowhere else to go

Anderson-Butcher, D. (2010, May). Participation in Boys & Girls Clubs, vulnerability,

and problem behaviors - ScienceDirect. ScienceDirect.Com | Science, Health and Medical

Journals, Full Text Articles and Books.; SienceDirect.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0190740910000071

This study examined the impact of participation in Boys & Girls Clubs on reducing

vulnerability and problem behaviors among 297 youths by using a risk and resilience approach.

Structural Equation Modeling was used to examine the relationships between the observed and

poor self-concept. Results within this study indicate that participation in Boys & Girls Clubs had

a significant relationship with a decrease in poor self-concept. Poor self-concept was in turn
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directly related to an increased vulnerability which meant that there was an increase in problem

behaviors among the participants in the study. These findings show the importance of youth

organizations such as the Boys and Girls Clubs of America in increasing self-concept and

decreasing problem behaviors.

Arbreton, A. J. A., & McClanahan, W. S. (2002, March). Targeted Outreach: Boys &

Girls Clubs of America’s Approach to Gang Prevention and Intervention., 2002-Mar. ERIC -

Education Resources Information Center. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED466518

So this article evaluated the effectiveness of boys and girls clubs of America in their gang

prevention through targeted outreach. With this they were trying to figure out if boys and girls

clubs were able to diminish gang related instances with the youths. They also were examining if

the clubs were attracting high risk, youth gang involvement, and if they could keep out gang

involvement by implementing gang prevention programs. Within this evaluation, they studied 21

clubs and the results were that these programs were meeting their goals when it came to keeping

youths out of gangs. These youths would come to this club and be involved and seek educational

development in a positive way, that would stray them away from becoming involved with gangs.

To gather this data they ended up using surveys, observations, and data from the 21 clubs that

they had evaluated.

Carruthers, C. P., & Busser, J. A. (2000, April). A Qualitative Outcome Study of Boys and

Girls Club Program Leaders, Club Members, and Parents. EBSCOhost ; Journal of Park &

Recreation Administration.

https://web.p.ebscohost.com/abstract?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler

&jrnl=07351968&asa=Y&AN=31762983&h=CUz0O3TDR%2bIWHqRszV3LHutEnkDeIjxTL

VP7RImLhcSqXWjyIaKM5OuKFJlOYC3jZF7dxnLnPUO0vrbdDfSTNw%3d%3d&crl=c&resu
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Club within the Southwest. It also examined the agencies, mission, statement and goals

among the staff members, club members, and parent perceptions for the agency's impact. This

article used participant observation and interviews as a way to gather data. From the data that

was gathered, there is three results that happens when a young person participates in the Boys

and Girls Club, which is it gives them a nurturing, environment, positive behaviors, and a higher

self-esteem The boys and girls clubs give youths a sense of feeling of belonging and family

pulling them out of environments that cause negative experiences. From what I gathered from

this study, they should really focus on training their staff and their youths to become leaders in

society so they can help build valuable relationships and help them advance and skills and

relationships within today’s society.

Enns, J. E., Nickle, N. C., Chateau, D., Katz, A., Sarkar, J., Lambert, D., & Brownell, M.

(2022, June 8). A longitudinal cohort study of participation in the Boys & Girls Clubs of

Winnipeg - PMC. PubMed Central (PMC).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9210069/

Within the study, they are trying to figure out if after school programs are designed to

support healthy behaviors and boost academic involvement while strengthening social skills. The

Boys and Girls Club has been offering programs for low income neighborhoods for more than 40

years. The way they were able to gather their data for this Article was that they took

administrative data from the boys and girls club and data from the healthcare system, education

system, and social services. With this information they were able to realize that with the
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increased frequency of participation in a boys and girls club would drop the risk of judicial

system encounters among youth along with a decrease in teen pregnancy and sexually

transmitted disease.

Fredricks, J. A., Hackett, K., & Bregman, A. (2010, March 5). Participation in boys and

girls clubs: motivation and stage environment fit. Wiley Online Library ; Journal of Community

Psychology. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcop.20369

This article focused on gathering data via interviews with 54 youth that were attending an

after school boys and girls club. This study had two goals. One was to figure out why these youth

participate in these clubs and then the second goal was to examine the perception of staff, peers,

activities, to the extent that the clubs are organized. What researchers gathered from this was that

the motives from these youth included fun activities, the option to be with friends, they couldn’t

be at home because parents weren’t there and educational resources. Gathering all this

information researchers found out that the Boys and Girls Club within these two low income

communities actually were benefiting the children in a very positive way, and allowing them to

gain involvement in out of school opportunities, and even sustaining their interest in community

based involvement.

Pierre, T. L. St., Mark, M. M., Kaltreider, D. L., & Aikin, K. J. (n.d.). A 27-Month

Evaluation of a Sexual Activity Prevention Program in Boys & Girls Clubs across the Nation.

Family Relations, 44(1), 69–77. https://doi.org/10.2307/584743

This study evaluated sexual activity prevention within the boys and girls club youth. The

boys and girls club have a program called stay smart, which is aimed at preventing drug use, and

also informing about abstinence only sexual activity. This study was evaluated via surveys and

observations done by the researchers of young adolescent youths. They had found that there were
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no effects for virgins within the program, but there were desired effects for sexual behavior for

non-virgins who participated in the program.

Prochnow, T., Patterson, M. S., & Umstattd Meyer, M. R. (2022, May 31). COVID and

the club: conversations with Boys & Girls Club leaders on providing services during the

COVID-19 pandemic | Emerald Insight. Discover Journals, Books & Case Studies | Emerald

Insight. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JCS-10-2021-0039/full/html

Within this article, 3 researchers try to discover what happened with the boys and girls

clubs from the COVID-19 pandemic. Boys and girls clubs provide many ways for us to connect,

be active, and have healthy meals. These services are often provided for the low income families

in the areas that the centers are in. But because of the COVID-19 pandemic, a lot of things

changed, and so did the centers. The way the researchers gathered evidence was by using

interviews for 16 boys and girls clubs within the state of Texas. They ended up using open-

ended questions to be able to gather more evidence to understand what barriers the boys and girls

clubs had to overcome to be able to support their communities still during the COVID-19

epidemic. They also used a thematic analysis to generate findings within their interviews.

St. Pierre, T. L., Kaltreider, D. L., Mark, M. M., & Aikin, K. J. (1992, December). Drug

prevention in a community setting: A longitudinal study of the relative effectiveness of a three-

year primary prevention program in boys & girls clubs across the nation | SpringerLink.

SpringerLink. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01312603

This article evaluated the effectiveness of drug prevention within a community setting at

the boys and girls clubs of America. The Boys and Girls club of America has a stay smart

program which they adapted from a school based idea like DARE and developed it into a more

personal and social prevention program. Researchers within this article created a kind of
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experiment based data gathering protocol. Which of the results ended up showing them that the

program that the boys and girls club of America uses strays youths away from marijuana related

use, cigarette related use, alcohol related use, and any overall drug behavior. With this

information, it actually now has been adapted into a community setting, which enhances the

lessons taught within the boys and girls club of America.

Swigert, T., & Boyd, B. L. (2010, December). The Impact of Boys & Girls Club/Keystone

Club Participation on Alumni . Journal of Leadership Education .

https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=8ebc24fbc2bd02a3fee747bda

2e7e7fa4049a811#page=82

Within this article, they interviewed 14 alumni from the boys and girls club of America.

They interviewed these alumni using a structured interview technique that utilized constant

comparative methods to identify leadership traits and skills that these alumni believe they had

developed from the boys and girls club of America. From the study they had found out that the

alumni felt they had developed positive traits from the boys and girls club of America like

leading groups and integrity. These alumni also believed that they had the confidence to pursue

leadership roles because of the traits that they gathered from the boys and girls clubs of America.

Researchers had viewed this, as these traits and skills were being carried over into their adult

lives as a positive aspect from their involvement within the organization.