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    CHE 332 W1-Chemical Processes: Engr. Concordia C. Bacalso, BS Che, M. Engg (Educ)

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    joseph gwapo
    Chemical processes usually involve three steps: transferring reactants to the reaction zone, chemical reactions through unit processes, and separating products from the reaction zone via unit operations. Chemical reactions can occur in homogeneous or heterogeneous systems and can be reversible, irreversible, endothermic, exothermic, catalytic, or non-catalytic. Factors like temperature, pressure, reactants, catalysts, and heat/mass transfer affect reactions. Common equipment includes batch, plug flow, continuous stirred tank, and semi-batch reactors. Important considerations for chemical process development include material/energy balances, economics, safety, and research. Unit processes provide basic reaction information.

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    CHE 332 W1-Chemical Processes: Engr. Concordia C. Bacalso, BS Che, M. Engg (Educ)

    Uploaded by

    joseph gwapo
    36 views20 pages
    Chemical processes usually involve three steps: transferring reactants to the reaction zone, chemical reactions through unit processes, and separating products from the reaction zone via unit operations. Chemical reactions can occur in homogeneous or heterogeneous systems and can be reversible, irreversible, endothermic, exothermic, catalytic, or non-catalytic. Factors like temperature, pressure, reactants, catalysts, and heat/mass transfer affect reactions. Common equipment includes batch, plug flow, continuous stirred tank, and semi-batch reactors. Important considerations for chemical process development include material/energy balances, economics, safety, and research. Unit processes provide basic reaction information.

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    Chemical processes usually involve three steps: transferring reactants to the reaction zone, chemical reactions through unit processes, and separating products from the reaction zone via unit operations. Chemical reactions can occur in homogeneous or heterogeneous systems and can be reversible, irreversible, endothermic, exothermic, catalytic, or non-catalytic. Factors like temperature, pressure, reactants, catalysts, and heat/mass transfer affect reactions. Common equipment includes batch, plug flow, continuous stirred tank, and semi-batch reactors. Important considerations for chemical process development include material/energy balances, economics, safety, and research. Unit processes provide basic reaction information.

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    36 views20 pages

    CHE 332 W1-Chemical Processes: Engr. Concordia C. Bacalso, BS Che, M. Engg (Educ)

    Uploaded by

    joseph gwapo
    Chemical processes usually involve three steps: transferring reactants to the reaction zone, chemical reactions through unit processes, and separating products from the reaction zone via unit operations. Chemical reactions can occur in homogeneous or heterogeneous systems and can be reversible, irreversible, endothermic, exothermic, catalytic, or non-catalytic. Factors like temperature, pressure, reactants, catalysts, and heat/mass transfer affect reactions. Common equipment includes batch, plug flow, continuous stirred tank, and semi-batch reactors. Important considerations for chemical process development include material/energy balances, economics, safety, and research. Unit processes provide basic reaction information.

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    CHE 332

    W1- CHEMICAL PROCESSES

    Engr. Concordia C. Bacalso, BS Che, M. Engg (Educ)


    Outline
    1. Chemical processes
    2. Systems
    3. Reaction types
    4. Factors affecting chemical reactions
    5. Equipment
    6. Factors affecting chemical processing
    7. Information required for chemical processing
    8. Chemical processes
    9. Examples of unit processes
    CHEMICAL PROCESS
    • The chemical process is a combination of unit process and unit
    operation
    • Also known as chemical conversions
    Introduction : CHEMICAL PROCESSES

    Chemical processes usually have three interrelated steps:


    • 1. Transfer of reactants to the reaction zone.
    • 2. Chemical reactions involving various unit
    processes(chemical conversions).
    • 3. Separation of the products from the reaction zone using
    various unit operations.

    ENGR. CONCORDIA C. BACALSO, M. Engg, BS Ch E


    Source: https://library.citadel.edu/c.php?g=43116&p=3815022
    CHEMICAL PROCESS: SYSTEMS
    • Homogeneous system :reactants are in same phase liquid,
    gases or solids
    • Heterogeneous systems include two or more phases; gas-
    liquid, gas-solid, liquid- solid.
    CHEMICAL PROCESSES: REACTION TYPES
    • Various type reactions involve may be
    • reversible
    • Irreversible
    • And further classified into
    • Endothermic or Exothermic
    • Catalytic or Non-catalytic.
    Source: https://library.citadel.edu/c.php?g=43116&p=3815022

    ENGR. CONCORDIA C. BACALSO, M. Engg, BS Ch E


    CHEMICAL PROCESSES: FACTORS THAT AFFECT
    CHEMICAL REACTION

    • Temperature
    • pressure
    • Reactants composition
    • catalyst activity
    • rate of heat and mass transfer.

    ENGR. CONCORDIA C. BACALSO, M. Engg, BS Ch E


    CHEMICAL PROCESSES: EQUIPMENT
    • The reaction may be carried out in batch, semi batch or
    continuous reactor.
    • Reactors may be batch, plug flow (PFR), CSTR. It may be
    isothermal or adiabatic.
    • Catalytic reactors may be packed bed, moving bed or
    fluidized bed.

    ENGR. CONCORDIA C. BACALSO, M. Engg, BS Ch E


    BATCH REACTOR
    PLUG FLOW REACTOR
    CONTINUOUS STIRRED TANK REACTOR (MIXED FLOW
    REACTOR)
    SEMI BATCH REACTOR
    • It is a modification of batch reactor.
    • It is also a closed vessel which
    contains agitator for the purpose of
    mixing the reactants thoroughly.
    • The difference is that one of the
    reactants is charged completely
    initially in the reactor and the
    other reactant is charged
    continuously in the reactor as the
    time progresses.
    MOST IMPORTANT FACTORS FOR CHEMICAL
    PROCESSES
    • Basic Data
    • physical and chemical properties of reactants and products.
    • Yield
    • that fraction of raw material recovered as the main product.
    • Conversion
    • that fraction of material changed to another desired product.
    • Kinetics
    • the study of reaction rates

    ENGR. CONCORDIA C. BACALSO, M. Engg, BS Ch E


    Information Requirements Important for the
    Development of a Commercial Process
    1. Material and Energy Balances, and Process Flow and
    Piping and Instruments Diagrams (PFD and P& ID).
    2. Raw Material and Energy Consumption per Ton of
    Product.
    3. Batch vs. Continuous
    4. Chemical Process Selection: design and operation, pilot
    plant data, equipment required, material of construction.
    .
    Information Requirements Important for the
    Development of a Commercial Process, cont.
    5. Chemical Process Control and Instrumentation.
    6. Chemical Process Economics: Material and Energy Cost,
    Labor, Overall Cost of Production
    7. Market Evaluation: Purity and Uniformity of Products for
    Further Processing.
    8. Plant Location.

    ENGR. CONCORDIA C. BACALSO, M. Engg, BS Ch E


    Information Requirements Important for the
    Development of a Commercial Process, cont.
    9. Environment Protection, Health, Safety and Hazardous
    Material
    10. Construction, Building and Commissioning
    11. Management for Productivity and Creativity, Training of
    Plant Personals
    12. Research and Development (R&D)
    CHEMICAL PROCESSES: UNIT
    PROCESSES
    UNIT PROCESSES
    Unit process involves principle chemical conversions leading to
    synthesis of various useful products and provide basic information
    regarding:
    1. the reaction temperature and pressure
    2. the extent of chemical conversions
    3. the yield of product of reaction
    4. the nature of reaction whether endothermic or exothermic
    5. the type of catalyst
    Some Examples of Unit Processes
    • Nitration • Hydrogenation
    • Sulfonation • Polymerization
    • Halogenation • Oxidation
    • Alkylation • Reduction
    • Hydrolysis
    REFERENCE
    • Shreve’s Chemical Process
    Industries
    • https://chemicalengineeringworl
    d.com/types-of-reactors/

    ENGR. CONCORDIA C. BACALSO, M. Engg, BS Ch E

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