Thanks For The Download!: Language Arts Classroom, LLC
Thanks For The Download!: Language Arts Classroom, LLC
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THE thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could; but when he ventured upon insult,
I vowed revenge. You, who so well know the nature of my soul, will not suppose, however, that I gave
utterance to a threat. At length I would be avenged; this was a point definitively settled—
but the very definitiveness with which it was resolved, precluded the idea of risk. I must not only
punish, but punish with impunity. A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser.
It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has
done the wrong.
It must be understood that neither by word nor deed had I given Fortunato cause to doubt my good will.
I continued, as was my wont, to smile in his face, and he did not perceive that my smile now was at the
thought of his immolation.
He had a weak point—this Fortunato—although in other regards he was a man to be respected and
even feared. He prided himself on his connoisseurship in wine. Few Italians have the true virtuoso spirit.
For the most part their enthusiasm is adopted to suit the time and opportunity—to practise imposture
upon the British and Austrian millionaires. In painting and gemmary, Fortunato, like his
countrymen, was a quack—but in the matter of old wines he was sincere. In this respect I did not differ
from him materially: I was skillful in the Italian vintages myself, and bought largely whenever I could.
It was about dusk, one evening during the supreme madness of the carnival season, that I
encountered my friend. He accosted me with excessive warmth, for he had been drinking much.
The man wore motley. He had on a tightfitting parti-striped dress, and his head was surmounted by
the conical cap and bells. I was so pleased to see him, that I thought I should never have done
wringing his hand.
THE thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could; but when he ventured upon insult,
I vowed revenge. You, who so well know the nature of my soul, will not suppose, however, that I gave
utterance to a threat. At length I would be avenged; this was a point definitively settled—
but the very definitiveness with which it was resolved, precluded the idea of risk. I must not only
punish, but punish with impunity. A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser.
It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has
done the wrong.
It must be understood that neither by word nor deed had I given Fortunato cause to doubt my good will.
I continued, as was my wont, to smile in his face, and he did not perceive that my smile now was at the
thought of his immolation.
He had a weak point—this Fortunato—although in other regards he was a man to be respected and
even feared. He prided himself on his connoisseurship in wine. Few Italians have the true virtuoso spirit.
For the most part their enthusiasm is adopted to suit the time and opportunity—to practise imposture
upon the British and Austrian millionaires. In painting and gemmary, Fortunato, like his
countrymen, was a quack—but in the matter of old wines he was sincere. In this respect I did not differ
from him materially: I was skillful in the Italian vintages myself, and bought largely whenever I could.
It was about dusk, one evening during the supreme madness of the carnival season, that I
encountered my friend. He accosted me with excessive warmth, for he had been drinking much.
The man wore motley. He had on a tightfitting parti-striped dress, and his head was surmounted by
the conical cap and bells. I was so pleased to see him, that I thought I should never have done
wringing his hand.
1. How many pronouns that referenced the narrator did you find? Do any of these pronouns have
antecedents? Explain the effect of these pronouns.
2. The narrator speaks directly to the reader when he says: “You, who so well know the nature of my
soul, will not suppose, however, that I gave utterance to a threat. ” Consider the message with
this line and combine that message with your knowledge from the first question. Explain how Poe
uses language in this line to build suspense.
3. Describe your initial thoughts to this story. Were you intrigued? Did you find it confusing?
Explain what could contribute to your initial feelings.
1. How many pronouns that referenced the narrator did you find? Do any of these pronouns have
antecedents? Explain the effect of these pronouns.
The introduction has over a dozen pronouns that reference the narrator, none of which have
antecedents. Readers do not know who the narrator is at this point in the story. This lends itself
to a bit of confusion, perhaps intrigue.
2. The narrator speaks directly to the reader when he says: “You, who so well know the nature of my
soul, will not suppose, however, that I gave utterance to a threat.” Consider the message with
this line and combine that message with your knowledge from the first question. Explain how Poe
uses language in this line to build suspense.
Even though readers do not know the narrator, the narrator speaks directly to the readers. Not only
do we supposedly know the narrator (Poe uses the second-person pronoun “you”), but we also know his soul.
Because of the assumption that we know the narrator, even though we have only read numerous pronouns,
we can assume that the narrator is perhaps an unreliable narrator. Poe builds suspense because if a story
has an unreliable narrator, readers may not have clarity with the story. An unreliable narrator is also typical
with mysteries.
3. Describe your initial thoughts to this story. Were you intrigued? Did you find it confusing?
Explain what could contribute to your initial feelings.
Students will often say they were confused. Demonstrate what happens if pronouns do not have
antecedents. People might be interested, or they might be confused.
Plural
we you our
you you your, yours
they them theirs
Compound Personal
myself ourselves
yourself yourselves
himself, herself, itself themselves
Relative
who, whose, whom, which, that
Demonstrative
this, that, these, those
Interrogative
who, whose, whom, which, what
©Language Arts Classroom, LLC
Pronouns
Indefinite
Indefinite: Singular
Indefinite: Plural
Directions: Circle the pronoun in each sentence. Then draw a line back to its
antecedent.
Directions: Circle the pronoun in each sentence. Then draw a line back to its
antecedent.
5. The telephone bill is costing (us / theirselves) too much money each month.
Pronoun rules
Pronouns must agree with number and person.
5. The telephone bill is costing (us / theirselves) too much money each month.
Directions: Circle the pronoun in each sentence. Then rewrite the sentence,
making a clear antecedent.
4. After the school meeting, Stacey and Kara went to her house.
Vague Antecedents
Sometimes a pronoun does not have a clear antecedent. The reader is not sure what
the pronoun references.
It was in the car!
Directions: Circle the pronoun in each sentence. Then rewrite the sentence,
making a clear antecedent.
After the school meeting, Stacy and Kara went to Kara’s house.
5. Kylin took that with her.
Kylin took the soda with her.
* “her” is also a pronoun, but has a clear antecedent - Kylin
6. Instead of doing homework, Scott chatted with them.
Look at the context and meaning to determine if you should use a singular or
plural indefinite pronoun.
4. Keeping his room neat, August’s mom allowed him to have some of his friends over.
Look at the context and meaning to determine if you should use a singular or
plural indefinite pronoun.
“She knows that you are coming to her party,” said Becky.
I figured that my best friend, Kentasia, would figure out about her surprise party. I had really
hoped that Becky and I could surprise her together. When Kentasia’s dad arranged our bus trip,
we had planned on mentioning nothing. Surely, he didn’t spoil the surprise!
I smiled because I could picture little Tommy spilling our secret. “We should have known,” I said
to Becky. We both smiled because we knew the party would still be great.
“She knows that you are coming to her party,” said Becky.
I figured that my best friend, Kentasia, would figure out about her surprise party. I had really
hoped that Becky and I could surprise her together. When Kentasia’s dad arranged our bus trip,
we had planned on mentioning nothing. Surely, he didn’t spoil the surprise!
I smiled because I could picture little Tommy spilling our secret. “We should have known,” I said
to Becky. We both smiled because we knew the party would still be great.
“I wish it was Christmas or New Year's all the time. Wouldn't it be fun?” answered Jo,
yawning dismally. “We shouldn't enjoy ourselves half so much as we do now. But it does
seem so nice to have little suppers and bouquets, and go to parties, and drive home, and
Compound Personal Pronoun: A pronoun with the suffix ‘self’ or ‘selves’ added.
Write five pronouns from the above paragraph. Then write their antecedents:
Mentor sentences
Directions: Read this excerpt from Little Women by Louisa May Alcott.
“I wish it was Christmas or New Year's all the time. Wouldn't it be fun?” answered Jo,
yawning dismally. “We shouldn't enjoy ourselves half so much as we do now. But it does
seem so nice to have little suppers and bouquets, and go to parties, and drive home, and
Compound Personal Pronoun: A pronoun with the suffix ‘self’ or ‘selves’ added.
ourselves
Write five pronouns from the above paragraph. Then write their antecedents:
I: Jo
it: time
all: time
it: time
We: Jo and sisters (people she’s talking to)
ourselves: Jo and sisters (people she’s talking to)
much: time
we: Jo and sisters (people she’s talking to)
it: time
Relative Pronouns
Directions: Underline each relative pronoun.
Demonstrative Pronouns
Directions: Underline each demonstrative pronoun.
Relative Pronouns
Directions: Underline each relative pronoun.
Indefinite Pronouns
Directions: Underline each indefinite pronoun.
5. If neither will bring the notes, we might have to finish this alone.
Interrogative Pronouns
Directions: Underline each interrogative pronoun.
Indefinite Pronouns
Directions: Underline each indefinite pronoun.
5. If neither will bring the notes, we might have to finish this alone.
5. Nigel knows the girls whose shoes left marks on the floor.
Relative Pronouns
A relative pronoun starts a relative clause. A relative clause is a dependent clause;
it depends on the rest of the sentence to make sense.
5. Nigel knows the girls whose shoes left marks on the floor.
Directions: Using a relative pronoun to start a relative clause will change the
meaning of a sentence. A relative pronoun is provided. Finish the dependent
clause in each sentence below.
Relative Pronouns
Use “who” and “whom” when referencing a person:
The baby who loves crackers has crumbs on his shirt.
Every morning, the crossing guard to whom you waved fist-bumps me.
Use “whose” to show possession:
After all the planning, Jenny said any friend whose shoes dirtied her car could clean it!
Directions: Using a relative pronoun to start a relative clause will change the
meaning of a sentence. A relative pronoun is provided. Finish the dependent
clause in each sentence below.
1. Because it was early, Bob chose the newspaper that gave him basketball scores .
2. Hayley imagined her friend whose dog was missing was still upset.
4. Ron recognized the show which gave new meaning to the word ‘comedy’ .
5. The basketball player who is a freshman this year now has a broken leg.
1. friend
2. shirt
3. Jax
4. car
5. Tinia
Relative Pronouns
Directions: Using each relative pronoun once, write a sentence where the relative
clause modifies the noun provided.
1. friend
2. shirt
3. Jax
Jace, who is always late for school, got another tardy slip.
4. car
5. Tinia
Tinia, the lady with whom I ride the bus, had a birthday last week.
Finding the perfect birthday present for mom stinks. She was born on Valentine’s Day,
which sounds cute, but I never know how big of a present to buy. Nobody can tell me!
Everyone says: get her what you can afford or anything that shows your love. A car?
Jewelry? Life was simpler when I made a card from construction paper. Mom herself
says, “I love everything you get me.” Dad says he’ll take me shopping. Hopefully, he
has plenty of time and advice. This has to get easier with age! Maybe I could take my mom
Recognizing Pronouns
Pronouns are everywhere! We use pronouns so frequently in our writing and speaking
that we may not recognize them.
Finding the perfect birthday present for mom stinks. She was born on Valentine’s Day,
which sounds cute, but I never know how big of a present to buy. Nobody can tell me!
Everyone says: get her what you can afford or anything that shows your love. A car?
Jewelry? Life was simpler when I made a card from construction paper. Mom herself
says, “I love everything you get me.” Dad says he’ll take me shopping. Hopefully, he
has plenty of time and advice. This has to get easier with age! Maybe I could take my mom
1. Lana prefers suckers and sour candies from her birthday bags.
2. Robyn’s brother shakes his head when she borrows his bike.
1. Lana prefers suckers and sour candies from her birthday bags.
personal - if students have covered adjectives, they may recognize this as
a possessive word
2. Robyn’s brother shakes his head when she borrows his bike.
personal
interrogative
indefinite
personal
demonstrative
indefinite