Logbook Spring 2023

Oral Histopathology Department
Oral Histology and embryology (HPT 102)

First Year
1
First Year
Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine
‫رؤية ورسالة الكلية‬
‫الرؤية‬
‫تتطلع الكلية أن تكون في مصاف المؤسسات التعليمية المعترف بها إقليميا ً وعالميا ً من خالل برامج تعليمية متطورة‬
.‫وأبحاث تطبيقية مبتكرة وتنمية مجتمعية مستدامة‬
Vision
The Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine aspires to be a recognized educational institution, regionally
and internationally, by providing advanced educational programs, innovative applied research, and
sustainable community development.
‫الرسالة‬
‫ ذو كفاءة معرفية وتطبيقية من خالل برامج تعليمية متطورة تتوافق‬،‫إعداد طبيب أسنان ملتزم بالقيم االنسانية واألخالق المهنية‬
‫ كما تلتزم الكلية بإعداد بحوث تطبيقية متوافقة مع‬.‫مع االحتياجات الفعلية لسوق العمل المحلي والعالمي‬
.‫االستراتيجيات القومية وكذلك تقديم خدمة مجتمعية مستدامة وفقا ً لمعايير الجودة العالمية‬
Mission
The mission of the Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine is to prepare knowledgeable and well-trained
dentists committed to human values and professional ethics, by developing advanced educational
programs that correspond to the actual needs of the local and global labor market. The Faculty is also
committed to preparing applied research in line with national strategies, as well as providing
sustainable community service following international quality standards.
2
First Year
Course Specifications
Program on which the course is given: B.Sc. Oral and Dental medicine.
Major or minor element of program: Not Applicable.
Department offering the Program: Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine.
Department offering the course: Oral Histopathology Department.
Academic year/Level: First year.
Date of specification approval: September 2021
A. Basic Information
ACADEMIC COURSE COURSE THEORETICAL PRACTICAL TOTAL
YEAR CODE Title (CONTACT HOURS) (CONTACT CREDIT
HOURS) HOURS
Fall HPT 102 Oral 2 hrs / week 2 hrs / week 3 hrs
Histology &
Embryology
Spring Oral 2 hrs / week 2 hrs / week 3 hrs
HPT 102 Histology &
Embryology
Total 4 hrs / week 4 hrs / week 6 hrs
B. Professional Information
Overall Aims of Course

- Provide students with pertinent information regarding the microscopic
characteristics of normal and aged dental& para-dental tissues. This
information provides the structural framework for normal physiological
events, as well as the conditions against which pathological changes may
be contrasted.
- The oral histology segment gives the student a thorough understanding
of the microscopic structure of teeth and contiguous tissues and thereby
provides an important source for decisions about dental treatments.
- The embryology segment gives the student an appreciation of the
normal development of the major organ systems and some insight into the
bases of craniofacial malformations.
Intended Learning Outcomes of Course (ILOs)
a- Knowledge and Understanding:

a1. Describe the general development of the tooth and the associated structures.
3
First Year
a2. Describe hard tissue genesis including sequence of development, the cells
involved and the general formation of enamel, dentin and cementum. a3.
Describe the histological structure and function of enamel. a4. Describe the
histological structure and function of dentin. a5. Describe the histological
structure and function of pulp.
a6. Describe the histological structure and function of cementum. a7. Describe
the periodontium and list its major components. a8. Describe the formation,
structure, maintenance and functions of the periodontal ligament. a9.
Distinguish the changes that occur in the hard dental tissues associated with the
aging process.
a10. Describe the histologic structure, maintenance and functions of the alveolar
process. a11. State the clinical features, classification and functions of the oral
mucosa. a12. Describe the structure, location, function and identification of
keratinocytes and nonkeratinocytes in the oral epithelium.
a13. Describe the histological structure of the dento-gingival

junction. a14. List the major and minor salivary glands, identify
their type of secretion.
a15. Describe the histological structure of the salivary glands. a16.

Describe the types and mechanisms of tooth movement during
eruption. a17. Describe the general histological features of tooth
movement. a18. Describe the pattern of tooth shedding.
a19. Describe the anatomical and histological structures of the maxillary sinus with
reference to clinical consideration.
a20. Describe the anatomical and histological structures of the TMJ with reference to
clinical consideration.
a21. List the embryonic processes that form facial structures (e.g. lips and cheeks,
tongue, palate).
a22. Describe the sequence of events in development of these embryonic processes

into their adult derivatives.
a23. Distinguish the changes that occur in the soft & hard oral tissues associated with
the aging process.
b- Intellectual Skills:
b1. Interpret the possible malformations that occur during development of
dental structures. b2. Interpret the possible malformations that occur during
development of oral and paraoral structures.
b3. Compare and contrast the mineralization processes occurring in the
formation of enamel, dentin, and cementum.
b4. Discuss the basic theories of the mechanisms related to dentin sensitivity.
4
First Year
b5. Discuss the basic theories of the mechanisms related to tooth eruption and
shedding. b6. Correlate the study of basic knowledge to clinical applications in
dental practice as a foundation for the study of all clinical courses.
Weighting of Assessments
WRITTEN PRACTICAL TOTAL

Midterm Exam 40 40
participation 30
Attendance 10
Final Exam 80 40 120
Total 200
5
First Year
Name:
Staple your photo
ID number: -------------------------------------
here
Group:
TA:
Subject Grade Comments TA’ Signature

ORAL MUCOSA
1 Kert. &non
Kert.
2 Gingiva
3 Hard Palate
4 Lip
5 Tongue
6 DGJ
SALIVARY GLANDS
1 Acini
2 Ducts
3 Glands
ALVEOLAR
PROCESS
SHEDDING
TMJ
MAXILLARY
SINUS
6
First Year
Table of Contents
Oral Mucous Membrane Page 7
Gingiva Page 12
Worksheet 1 Page 15
Worksheet 2 Page 21
Hard Palate Page 22
Lip Page 28
Tongue Page 34
Worksheet 3 Page 43
Dento- Gingival Junction (DGJ) Page 44
Salivary Glands Page 46
Worksheet 4 Page 50
Worksheet 5 Page 54
Alveolar Process Page 55
Shedding Page 65
Tempro-Mandibular Joint (TMJ) Page 69
Maxillary Sinus Page 73
Worksheet 6 Page 77
References Page 78
7
First Year
ORAL MUCOSA
8
First Year
Keratinized Epithelium
9
First Year
10
First Year
Non Keratinized Epithelium
4
1
5
11
First Year
12
First Year
GINGIVA
13
First Year
Macroanatomy of the Gingiva
5
8 6
7
1- Free Gingiva
2- Free Gingival Groove
3- Interdental groove
4- Mucogingival Junction
5- Gingival Stippling
6- Attached Gingiva
7- Interdental Papilla
8- Alveolar Mucosa
14
First Year
15
First Year
Worksheet 1
Name: ------------------ Group: ------------
Date: -------------------- Instructor rating: -------------
5
1
2 6
7
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
16
First Year
Microanatomy of the Gingiva
E- Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium: 1) Stratum Basal
2) Stratum Spinosum
3) Stratum Granulosum
4) Stratum Cornium
C- Papillary layer of connective tissue
D- Reticular layer of connective tissue Lamina Propria
17
First Year
18
First Year
GINGIVAL FIBERS
1. Enamel Space
2. Dentin
3. Gingiva
4. Alveolo-gingival fibers
5. Dentogingival fibers
6. Circular fibers
7. Dento-periosteal fibers
8. Alveolar Process
19
First Year
20
First Year
21
First Year
Worksheet 2
Name: ------------------ Group: ------------
1
4
2 5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
22
First Year
HARD PALATE
23
First Year
Macroanatomy of the Hard Palate
1- Incisive Papilla
2- Palatine Gingiva
3- Palatine Rougae Area
4- Anterolateral Zone (Fatty Zone)
5- Median Palatine Raphe
6- Posterolateral Zone (Glandular Zone)
7- Soft Palate
8- Uvula
24
First Year
25
First Year
Microanatomy of the Hard Palate

1
A) Keratinized Epithelium: 1- Stratum Cornium
2- Stratum Granulosum
3- Stratum Spinosum
4- Stratum Basal
B) Lamina Propria: 5- Papillary Layer
6- Reticular Layer
C) Submucosa: 7- Glandular Zone (Posterolateral Zone)
8- Fatty Zone (Anterolateral Zone)
26
First Year
27
First Year
Fatty Zone
Glandular Zone
28
First Year
LIP
29
First Year
Sagital Section of Lip
1- Skin Side of Lip

2- Vermillion Border
3- Mucous Side of Lip
4- Hair Follicle
30
First Year
31
First Year
Keratin Layer (k)
Stratum Lucidum
(L)
Sweat Glands
Hair Shaft
Sebaceous Glands
Skin-Side (B)
Hair Papilla
St Sq Non
St Sq Keratinized
Keratinized Epithelium
Epithelium
Blood Capillaries Mixed Salivary Glands
Vermillion Border Mucous -Side
32
First Year
33
First Year
Skin Side
Mucous Side Hair Follicle
34
First Year
SPECIALIZED
MUCOSA
OF THE
TONGUE
35
First Year
Sagital Section of tongue

Posterior 1/3
(Lymphatic part)
Anterior 2/3 (Papillary part)
Ventral Surface
36
First Year
37
First Year
TONGUE PAPILLAE
Keratin Core
Filliform Fungiform
Taste Bud
Circumvallate Folliate
Trough Von Ebner Salivary Glands Trough
38
First Year
39
First Year
Taste Pore
Supporting Cells
Taste
Taste Cells
Bud
Nerve Ending
Lingual Crypt St Sq Non

(L) Keratinized
Epithelium
Webber Glands
(w) Lymphatic
Nodules (F)
Lymphatic Part
40
First Year
41
First Year
Filliform Fungiform
Papilla Papilla
Circumvallate Folliate
Papilla Papilla
42
First Year
Taste Bud
Lymphatic Part
43
First Year
Worksheet 3
Name: ------------------ Group: ------------
1 3
1
2
3
44
First Year
DENTO GINGIVAL
JUNCTION
1
5
2
6
3
7
4
1- Superficial Flat Cells

2- Internal Basal Lamina
3- Cemento enamel junction
4- Cementum
5- Basal Cells
6- External Basal Lamina
7- Lamina Propria
45
First Year
46
First Year
SALIVARY
GLANDS
Acini Ducts
Serous Intercalated
Mucous Striated
Mixed Excretory
Main
47
First Year
2
1
5
4 6
7
8 9
1- Serous Acini
2- Mucous Acini
3- Demilune of Von Ebner
4- Tubulo alveolar
5- Myoepithelial Cell
6- Main duct
7- Intercalated duct
8- Striated duct
9- Excretory duct
48
First Year
49
First Year
Pure Mucous Gland Pure Serous Gland
Mixed Gland
Demilune of Von Ebner
50
First Year
Worksheet 4
Name: ------------------ Group: ------------
4
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
51
First Year
Pure Mucous Gland
Mixed Gland
Pure Serous Gland
52
First Year
53
First Year
Mixed Gland
Striated Duct
Excretory Duct
54
First Year
Worksheet 5
Name: ------------------ Group: ------------
1 1
2
3
4 4
5
6
2 5
3 6
1
2
3
4
5
6
55
First Year
ALVEOLAR
PROCESS
56
First Year
6
1
7 2
8 3
Compact Bone
1- Haversian canal
2- Osteon (Haversian system)
3- Inner circumferential lamella
4- Endosteum
5- Volkman’s canal
6- Outer circumferential lamella
7- Periosteum
8- Interstitial lamella
57
First Year
58
First Year
trabeculae
Bone Trabeculae
Bone marrow
Marrow
Spongy Bone
Bone Cells
1 2 3 4
1- Osteoprogenitor cell
2- Osteoblast
3- Osteocyte
4- Osteoclast
59
First Year
60
First Year
a 1
c 2
Macroanatomy of Alveolar Process
1- Alveolar bone proper: a) Bundle bone
b) Lamellar bone
2- Supporting alveolar bone: c) Spongiosa
d) Cortical plate
3- Basal bone
61
First Year
62
First Year
Microanatomy of Alveolar Process
1
3
4 2
1- Inner cortical plate

2- Spongiosa
3- Bundle bone
4- Lamellar bone
5- Cementum
6- Nutrient canal
63
First Year
64
First Year
Spongy Bone
Compact Bone
Haversian System
Alveolar Process
65
First Year
SHEDDING
66
First Year
Dentin
Reparative Dentin
DEJ
Pulp
Howship’s
Lacunae
Dentin
Odontoclasts
Cementum
67
First Year
68
First Year
Dentin
Howship’s
Lacunae
Odontoclasts
Reparative
Reparative
Dentin (C)
dentin (C)
Pulp cavity
Pulp cavity
Dentin
Dentin
Howship’s
Howship’s
Lacunae
lacunae
69
First Year
TEMPRO-
MANDIBULAR
JOINT
70
First Year
2
5
3
4
6
1- Articular fossa
2- Upper joint cavity
3- Articular disc
4- Lower joint cavity
5- Articular eminence
6- Condyle
7- Neck of condyle
71
First Year
72
First Year
73
First Year
MAXILLARY
SINUS
74
First Year
1- Goblet cell
2- Cilia
3- Pseudo stratified ciliated columnar
epithelium with goblet cells
4- Connective tissue
5- Minor mixed salivary glands
6- Bone
75
First Year
76
First Year
5
3
1- Cilia
2- Basement membrane
3- Pseudostratified ciliated columnar cell
4- Goblet cell
5- Connective tissue
77
First Year
Worksheet 6
Name: ------------------ Group: ------------
1
2
78
First Year
References
1- Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology and Anatomy. Margaret J.
Fehrenbach and Tracy Popowics, 4th edition, 2016.
2- Anatomy of Orofacial Structures, A Comprehensive Approach. Richard W.
Brand, Elaine Satin and Donald E. Isselhard, 7th edition, 2014.
3- Oral Anatomy, Histology and Embryology. B.K.B. Berkovitz, G.R. Holland and
B.J. Moxham, 4th edition, 2009.
4- Oral histology, development, structure and function. Nanci’s A.R. Tencate 6th
edition. Mosby, 2003.
5- Oral anatomy, Embryology and Histology, 3th edition. Berkovitz, Holland and
Moxham. Mosby, 2002.
79

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Oral Histopathology Department

Oral Histology and embryology (HPT 102)

‫رؤية ورسالة الكلية‬

Major or minor element of program: Not Applicable.

Department offering the Program: Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine.

Department offering the course: Oral Histopathology Department.

Academic year/Level: First year.

Date of specification approval: September 2021

Overall Aims of Course

Intended Learning Outcomes of Course (ILOs)

a- Knowledge and Understanding:

a13. Describe the histological structure of the dento-gingival

a15. Describe the histological structure of the salivary glands. a16.

a22. Describe the sequence of events in development of these embryonic processes

WRITTEN PRACTICAL TOTAL

Subject Grade Comments TA’ Signature

Oral Mucous Membrane Page 7

Hard Palate Page 22

Dento- Gingival Junction (DGJ) Page 44

Salivary Glands Page 46

Alveolar Process Page 55

Tempro-Mandibular Joint (TMJ) Page 69

Maxillary Sinus Page 73

Non Keratinized Epithelium

Macroanatomy of the Gingiva

Name: ------------------ Group: ------------

Date: -------------------- Instructor rating: -------------

Microanatomy of the Gingiva

E- Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium: 1) Stratum Basal

C- Papillary layer of connective tissue

D- Reticular layer of connective tissue Lamina Propria

Name: ------------------ Group: ------------

Date: -------------------- Instructor rating: -------------

Macroanatomy of the Hard Palate

Microanatomy of the Hard Palate

A) Keratinized Epithelium: 1- Stratum Cornium

B) Lamina Propria: 5- Papillary Layer

C) Submucosa: 7- Glandular Zone (Posterolateral Zone)

8- Fatty Zone (Anterolateral Zone)

Sagital Section of Lip

1- Skin Side of Lip

Keratin Layer (k)

Blood Capillaries Mixed Salivary Glands

Vermillion Border Mucous -Side

Mucous Side Hair Follicle

Sagital Section of tongue

Trough Von Ebner Salivary Glands Trough

Lingual Crypt St Sq Non

Name: ------------------ Group: ------------

Date: -------------------- Instructor rating: -------------

1- Superficial Flat Cells

Pure Mucous Gland Pure Serous Gland

Name: ------------------ Group: ------------

Date: -------------------- Instructor rating: -------------

Pure Mucous Gland

Pure Serous Gland

Name: ------------------ Group: ------------

Date: -------------------- Instructor rating: -------------

Macroanatomy of Alveolar Process

1- Alveolar bone proper: a) Bundle bone