‫ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻧﮓ‬

‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺯﻫﺮﺍ ﺻﺎﻟﺤﻲ ﺯﻧﺠﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ‪z.markazy.busi@gmail.com:‬‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺧﻄﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪﺍﺗﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺗﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﻧﮓ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺿﻤﻨ ًﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﺁﺗﺸﺴﻮﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻨﺜﻴﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺗﺸﺴﻮﺯﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (Material Safety Data Sheet ) MSDS‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺩﺭﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺠﺰء ﺭﻧﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻼﻝ ﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻼﻝ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺗﺸﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ‪:‬‬

‫‪ :Pigment‬ﺭﻧﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪ :Health hazard‬ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ‬

‫‪ :Painting‬ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻧﮓ‬ ‫‪ : Solvents‬ﺣﻼﻝ ﻫﺎ‬

‫‪ : Explosion hazard‬ﺧﻄﺮﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪ :Environmental control‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻧﮓ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﻨﻌﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻧﮓ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻧﮓ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﺱ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺪﺍﺯﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺧﻼﺻﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺑﺮﭼﺴﺐ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻜﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻬﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻌﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺳﺮﮔﻴﺠﻪ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺮﺍﻍ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺳﻮﺯﺵ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻭ ﮔﻠﻮ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺁﻣﺎﺱ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺁﻟﺮژﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻛﻬﻴﺮ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻨﮕﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻭ ﺁﺳﻢ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺧﺲ ﺧﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺛﺮ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﺳﻤﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ )ﺳﺮﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﻭﻛﺎﺩﻣﻴﻮﻡ(‬
‫‪ -‬ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻋﺼﺒﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﻮﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺒﺪﻱ‬

‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ ﻭ ﺣﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﻴﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺣﻼﻝ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺭﻧﮓ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫‪-1‬ﺳﺮﺏ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ) ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺁﺏ ﺷﻴﺦ (‬

‫‪-2‬ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺳﺮﺥ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻬﻮﻩ ﺍﻱ‬

‫‪-3‬ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻛﺮﻭﻣﻴﻮﻡ‬

‫‪-4‬ﺁﻫﻦ ﺁﺑﻲ‬

‫‪-5‬ﻛﺎﺩﻣﻴﻮﻡ ﺯﺭﺩ‬

‫‪-6‬ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺏ‬

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 ‫‪-7‬ﺣﻼﻝ ﻫﺎ – ﺗﻴﻨﺮﻫﺎ‬

‫‪-8‬ﺗﻮﻟﻮﺋﻦ‬

‫‪-9‬ﺯﺍﻳﻠﻦ‬

‫‪-10‬ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬

‫‪-11‬ﭘﺮﻛﻠﺮﻭﺍﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬

‫‪-12‬ﺍﻳﺰﻭﭘﺮﻭﭘﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ‬

‫‪-13‬ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻮﻫﮕﺰﺍﻧﻮﻝ‬

‫‪-14‬ﺁﻣﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺕ‬

‫‪-15‬ﻣﺘﻴﻞ ﺍﺗﻴﻞ ﻛﺘﻮﻥ‬

‫‪-16‬ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻮ ﻫﮕﺰﺍﻧﻮﻥ‬

‫‪-17‬ﻣﺘﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬

‫ﺭﺯﻳﻦ ﻫﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﺰﻭﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻫﺎ )ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺯﻳﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻮﺭﺗﺎﻥ(‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﭘﻲ ﻛﻠﺮﻭﻫﻴﺪﺭﻳﻦ )ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺯﻳﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ(‬
‫ﻻ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﺒ ًﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻴﺪ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺁﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﺪ؟‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎ ً‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ‪ MSDS‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻫﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻬﻴﻬﻜﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺭﻧﮓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ MSDS .‬ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺒﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺘﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻧﮓ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺧﻄﺮﺯﺍﻱ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻛﺸﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺣﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎﻕ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻛﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺗﺎﻗﻚ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻛﺸﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺗﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﻧﮓ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺗﺸﺴﻮﺯﻱ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻫﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻫﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻗﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺁﺗﺶ ﺯﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺩﺧﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺷﻌﻠﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﻛﻴﺪ ًﺍ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﺷﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬

‫ﻫﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ )ﺑﺘﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ( ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺗﺎﻗﻚ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺎﻗﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻫﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺗﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ )ﻳﻚ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ(‪:‬‬

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 ‫‪ -‬ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﻦ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻒ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ )ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺮ ﺳﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ(‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﺭﻧﮓ ﭘﺎﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺘﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺰﻭﺯ ﻓﻦ )ﻓﻦ ﻣﻜﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ( ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﮔﺎﻡ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺫﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﺳﻚ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺎﺳﻚ ‪ -1‬ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ‪ -2‬ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺎﺳﻚ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﺳﻚ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮﻳﺞ ﻣﺎﺳﻜﻬﺎ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮﻳﺞ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮﻳﺞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪-‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎﻕ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺎﺳﻚ‬

‫‪-‬ﺗﻨﻔﺲ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺳﻚ‬
‫‪-‬ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﺎﺳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ‬

‫ﻣﺎﺳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺧﺼﻮﺻ ًﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﺭﺗﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻫﺮﺟﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﺳﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪) .‬ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪(.‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺎﺳﻚ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻛﻴﺰﻩ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﺲ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺳﻚ ﻛﺜﻴﻒ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺳﻚ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﭘﺎﻛﻴﺰﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻗﺒ ً‬
‫ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﭼﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺎﺳﻚ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻲ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻼﺵ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺳﻜﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﺵ ﻭﭼﺸﻢ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺩﻳﺪ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ‬
‫ﭼﺸﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﻭﺗﺮﺷﺢ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻳﺪ؟ ﻋﻴﻨﻚ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﭼﺸﻤﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺳﻤﺒﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﮔﻮﺵ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺻﺪﺍ ﺍﺯ ‪ 85‬ﺩﺳﻲ ﺑﻞ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺘﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻴﺪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺯﺧﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻬﺎ ﻭﺩﺳﺘﻜﺸﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻜﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺳﺘﻜﺸﻬﺎ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺑﺸﻮﻳﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎً ﺩﻭﺭ ﺳﺮﺁﺳﺘﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻛﺮﻡ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺮﻡ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﺗﺶ ﺳﻮﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺁﺗﺸﺴﻮﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﺣﻼﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻗﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ :‬ﺷﻌﻠﻬﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﻌﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺟﺮﻗﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻛﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺩﺧﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻃﻔﺎء ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺁﺗﺶ ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺣﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺟﺰء‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝ ﺯﺍ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭژﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻫﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻨﺒﺎﺩﻫﺰﻧﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺎﺳﻚ ﺿﺪ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻏﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻳﺪﻫﺂﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﺂﻭﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﺳﺮﺏ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻴﺪﻥ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻭ ﺳﻤﺒﺎﺩﻩ ﺯﻧﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎ ً‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻋﻼﺋﻢ )ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺩﺧﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ( ﻭ )ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ( ﺭﺍ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻻﻣﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻭﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻌﻠﻬﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﺳﻚ ﻭ ﻋﻴﻨﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺩﺧﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻜﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ )‪: (MSDS‬‬

‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻳﺎ )‪ (MSDS‬ﭼﻴﺴﺖ ؟‬

‫ﻫﺪﻑ ‪ MSDS‬ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬

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 ‫‪-‬ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻛﻤﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻣﻬﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺳﺮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺁﺗﺶ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ‬
‫‪-‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ‬

‫ﭼﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪ MSDS‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؟‬

‫‪ 9‬ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ‪ MSDS‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪:‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫‪-‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ‬
‫‪-‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ )ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ (‬
‫‪-‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ‬
‫‪-‬ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﺧﻄﺮﺯﺍ‬
‫‪-‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﻪ ‪ /‬ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ‬
‫‪-‬ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ‬
‫‪-‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﺗﺶ ﺳﻮﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻻ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻫﻤﻪ ﭼﻴﺰﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﻧﻤﻴﺪﺍﻧﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ‪ ، MSDS‬ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎ ً‬
‫ﻻ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ً‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺗﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﭼﻪ ﭼﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ‪ MSDS‬ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ؟‬

‫‪ MSDS‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻫﺮﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ MSDS‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ MSDS‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ MSDS‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻣﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ MSDS‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ؟‬

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 ‫ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ‪ MSDS‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺯ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﭼﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻜﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﻪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ MSDS‬ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ‪ MSDS‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﻭ ﺑﺮﭼﺴﺐ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻭ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ‪: MSDS‬‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺏ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ‪ http/www.osha.gov/SLTC/hazardcommunications/index.html :‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻐﻞ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ‪ ،‬ﺩﻗﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﭼﻚ ﻭ ﭼﻮﺏ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻭ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻜﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﭼﺴﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺁﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻓﻮﻕ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻒ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺯﻳﺮﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻮﺏ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﺪﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﻱ‪ .‬ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻳﺎ ﻟﺒﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪ 4‬ﻓﻮﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻓﻮﺕ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺏ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻌﻲ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻠﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﻭ ﮔﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻛﻒ ﻛﻔﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻭ‬

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 ‫ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻧﺮﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺣﺠﻴﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﻧﻜﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻝ ﺧﻮﺩﺗﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻨﺎﺏ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻄﻞ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻜﺸﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻓﺘﺪﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎ ﭘﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ‪،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺁﻣﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺭﺑﻴﺎﻭﺭﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻ ﺗﻼﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎ ً‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﻛﻤﺮﺑﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻗﻼﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻧﺮﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻧﻜﻨﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﺪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺟﻠﻮ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻼﻝ ﻫﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻼﻝ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺎﻫ ًﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻮﺵ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﭼﻘﺪﺭ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ‬
‫ﻻ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺣﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ً‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺣﻼﻝ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻼﻝ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺟﺮﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺣﻼﻝ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﺎﺱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﻣﺎﺱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺑﻴﻔﺘﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺣﺎﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﺑﻜﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺣﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺁﻟﺮژﻳﻚ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺷﺪﺕ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺣﻼﻝ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ ﭼﻪ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺣﻼﻝ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﻮﺯﺵ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻣﻼﻳﻢ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺣﻼﻝ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ ﻭ ﻣﺮگ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﭼﻪ ﺣﻼﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻪ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻀﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪-‬ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺣﻼﻟﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬ﺑﺮﭼﺴﺐ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺣﻼﻝ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍﺑﺨﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪-‬ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻜﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﺵ ﻭ ﭼﺸﻢ‪ ،‬ﭼﻜﻤﻪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻟﺒﺎﺳﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺮﻡ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻴﺪ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬ﺩﻗﺖ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‪ ،‬ﺁﺗﺶ ﺳﻮﺯﻱ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺑﻴﻔﺘﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻓﻮﺭ ًﺍ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻼﻝ ﻧﺸﻮﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻟﺤﻴﻢ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬ﺣﻼﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﺗﺶ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺁﺗﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺳﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤ ًﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺳﻤﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺼﺎﺭﻛﺸﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺄﺧﺬ‪:‬‬

‫‪www.agedweb.org Health and safety Guidelines for painting‬‬

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