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    Network Topology: Upasana Choudhury (119CS0523)

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    NAINA AGRAWAL
    This document analyzes and compares different network topologies including bus, star, ring, mesh, and tree. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each topology and evaluates them based on parameters like installation difficulty, cost, flexibility, reliability, ability to extend, and robustness. The key findings are that each topology has tradeoffs for these factors. A hybrid topology that combines two or more topologies can help address some of the disadvantages but also increases complexity and cost.

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    Network Topology: Upasana Choudhury (119CS0523)

    Uploaded by

    NAINA AGRAWAL
    29 views7 pages
    This document analyzes and compares different network topologies including bus, star, ring, mesh, and tree. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each topology and evaluates them based on parameters like installation difficulty, cost, flexibility, reliability, ability to extend, and robustness. The key findings are that each topology has tradeoffs for these factors. A hybrid topology that combines two or more topologies can help address some of the disadvantages but also increases complexity and cost.

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    This document analyzes and compares different network topologies including bus, star, ring, mesh, and tree. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each topology and evaluates them based on parameters like installation difficulty, cost, flexibility, reliability, ability to extend, and robustness. The key findings are that each topology has tradeoffs for these factors. A hybrid topology that combines two or more topologies can help address some of the disadvantages but also increases complexity and cost.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views7 pages

    Network Topology: Upasana Choudhury (119CS0523)

    Uploaded by

    NAINA AGRAWAL
    This document analyzes and compares different network topologies including bus, star, ring, mesh, and tree. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each topology and evaluates them based on parameters like installation difficulty, cost, flexibility, reliability, ability to extend, and robustness. The key findings are that each topology has tradeoffs for these factors. A hybrid topology that combines two or more topologies can help address some of the disadvantages but also increases complexity and cost.

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    Network

    i
    Topology
    a technical report submitted towards CS4903-Seminar and Technical Writing
    B. Tech. —— CSE —— VII Semester —— Autumn —— 2022–23

    Upasana Choudhury
    (119CS0523)

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering


    National Institute of Technology Rourkela
    Rourkela – 769 008, India
    Contents
    1 Introduction 1

    2 Literature Survey 2

    3 Results and Discussion 4

    4 Conclusion 4

    References 5
    Abstract

    A network is the interconnection of two or more devices. The study of


    arrangement or mapping of elements (links, nodes) of a network is known as network
    topology. For communication distribution of computers has become very important
    issue which deliver end to end performance at a low cost, hence distribution system
    performance is influenced by the technology adopted by network interconnection so
    distribution of computers is done according to communication network arranged in
    a geometrical manner known as network topology.
    This paper provides an analytical study of different types of basic network
    topologies on the basis of their advantages, disadvantages and different factors
    which differentiate them.

    Keywords— Network, Topology, Bus, Star, Ring, Tree, Mesh

    1 Introduction
    Network topologies are one major building block for data communication. They describe how
    network entities are directly interconnected with each other and thus define how information
    may flow. Such a structure of node relations can be built on different layers resulting in
    a physical or logical topology. The first will be constructed while connecting devices by a
    physical medium. On top of this structure, data exchange can be arranged via the network
    and application layer creating a logical or overlay topology. In computer network two or more
    computers are linked together through a medium and data communication devices for the
    purpose of communicating data and sharing resources. The term topology in communication
    network refers to the way the computers or workstations are linked together in the network.
    The basic types of network topologies are: Bus Topology, Star Topology, Ring Topology, Mesh
    Topology and Tree Topology.Which of these is chosen depends on what devices need to be
    connected, how reliable it has to be, and the cost associated with cabling. The major factors
    that are considered while selecting a network topology are : Reliability, Ease of installation, Ease
    of troubleshooting, Price, Scalability, Bandwidth Capacity, Delay in routing the information
    from one node to another.

    1
    2 Literature Survey
    Network Topology is basically divided into five basic types. Literature Review of each type :
    2.1 Bus Topology: There is one of the most commonly used computer network topologies –
    bus network topology. Bus networks are well known for their nodes being located in a shape of
    a bus. In this topology a set of computers are connected via a single network cable known as
    bus which acts as a backbone. It is the simplest way to connect multiple computers. Problems
    occur at that time when two clients want to transmit at the same time on the same bus.
    Advantages :

    • Easy to implement and extend.


    • Less expensive because it require least amount of cable.
    • Suitable and easy to use for small or temporary networks.
    • For extension a repeater can also be used.

    Disadvantages :

    • Heavy network traffic can slow a bus..


    • Proper termination is required.
    • Fault in the bus cable stops all transmission.
    • Difficult to administer.

    2.2 Star Topology: In this topology a central switch or hub is used to connect all the
    components. The devices or users are not linked to each other and it does allow direct traffic
    between devices. The active star network has an active central node that usually has the means
    to prevent echo –related problems.
    Advantages :

    • Easy to diagnose network fault.


    • Good performance.
    • Scalable, easy to set up and to extend.
    • Use of multiple cable types in the same network with a hub.

    Disadvantages :

    • Totally depend on a single hub.


    • Expensive to install.

    2.3 Ring Topology: In this topology each node connects to exactly two other nodes that is a
    direct point- to- point link between two neighboring nodes forming a circular pathway for signal
    like a ring. Data is transferred in a sequential manner that is bit by bit.
    Advantages :

    2
    • It offers high performance for a small number of workstations or for large networks where
    each station has a similar workload.
    • Easy to extend.

    Disadvantages :

    • Adding and removing disrupt the network.


    • Troubleshooting is difficult.

    2.4 Mesh Topology: In this topology is a point to point connection to other nodes or
    instruction. It allows for continuous connections and reconfiguration around broken and blocked
    paths by hopping from node to node until reached to destination.
    Advantages :

    • Robust.
    • Fault diagnosis is easy.
    • Provide security and privacy.
    • Each connection can carry its own load.

    Disadvantages :

    • Cabling cost is more.


    • Installation and configuration is difficult

    2.5 Tree Topology: A tree topology is a special type of structure where many connected
    elements are arranged like the branches of a tree. In a tree topology, there can be only one
    connection between any two connected nodes.
    Advantages :

    • Easily managed and maintained.


    • Error detection is easily done.
    • Extension of bus and star topologies.
    • Expansion of nodes is possible and easy.

    Disadvantages :

    • Heavily cabled.
    • Central hub fails network fails.

    3
    3 Results and Discussion
    Here study of different basic topologies is done for different parameters. The installation shows
    easy or difficult for different topologies. Cost is defined as the requirement of cable as expensive
    or not. Flexible represents the modification in the network either yes or no. Reliability is
    based on failure defined as high, low and moderate. Extension of the topologies based on the
    addition of computers and at last robust resembles to the ability of the connection between
    each nodes. Analysis of different topologies are mentioned below:

    Parameter BUS STAR RING MESH TREE


    Installation easy easy difficult difficult easy
    Cost inexpensive expensive moderate expensive less
    Flexible yes yes no no yes
    Reliability moderate high high high moderate
    Extension easy easy easy poor easy
    Robust no yes no yes no

    4 Conclusion
    In this report, we have done analytical study of different basic topologies which provide us a
    brief idea about each topology and their features. Each topology have some advantages and
    disadvantages as we discussed above so the solution is that we can integrate two or more different
    topologies to form a resultant topology having characteristic of combine topology known as
    Hybrid topology. This topology is reliable, scalable, flexible and effective. Only disadvantage
    is its complexity of design and costly infrastructure as we are combining two or more different
    topologies.

    4
    References
    [1] Forouzan , Data Communication and Networking 5th Edition, Tata McGraw –Hill.

    [2] Andrews Tananbaum: Computer Networks,PHI

    [3] Kartik Pandya: Network Structure or Topology,International journal of Advance Research in


    Computer Science and Management Studies/ volume 1, Issue 2 , July 2013.

    [4] Santanu Santra, Pinaki Pratim Acharjya,“A Study and Analysis on Computer Network Topology for
    Data Communication” , International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering/
    volume 3, Issue 1 , January 2013.

    [5] R. Chandra, C. Fetzer, and K. Hogstedt. A mesh –based robust topology discovery algorithm for
    hybrid wireless networks. .

    [6] Cem Esoy, Shivendra Panwar “Topological Design of Interconnected LAN-MAN Networks” IEEE
    INFOCO, pp.2260-2269, 1992

    [7] Inc, S., (2002). Networking Complete. Third Edition. San Francisco: Sybex

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