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National Center For Construct ion Laboratori es &. R('s('arches ( ;";CCLR )
~'tat eria l s Specification & Constru ct ion Won.:\.:s
I.ntroductioll
In the name of God
Due to the increasing need IIhich the NCCLR noted to issue a nel\' revision of structural
materials specifications booklet to scrve as a guide for working groups in the field of
building & construction to obscrve and understand the specifications of materials used in
the execution of construction works ... ; and also because that thc second revision of the
booklet issued in 1978 became old fashion and unsatisfactory for current requirements of
spec i fications duc to the cmcrgencc of a lot of changes represented either by the
publications issued by The Central Organization For Standardization & Quality Control
during the last decade or its updating of the previous specification included in the booklet,
the Center decided to issue a new edition of structural materials spec ifications booklet
which takes into consideration the current changes in this field, hence this revision included
a summary of the specifications and requirements of approximately (74) construction
materials aiming to cover most of the materials in current usc in the field of construction in
our country and which the Center usually tests.
The booklet is divided into (12) chapters namcd similar to the guide of Iraqi Standard
Specification (I.Q.S) published in 1998 and two additional chapters considered necessary
were added in the field of construction works in the country namely ( road works according
to roads & bridges specifications) and ( soil geotechnical properties)
The Iraqi Standard Specification \Vas the basic subject of this booklet because orits
obligatory application in the country followed by international specifications as second
degrec like the British Standard (BS) and the American (ASTM & AASHTO) \\hen an Iraqi
specification is not available or included occasionally as an appendix to the Iraqi one.
Our Center welcomes any new ideas aiming to develop this booklet to usc thcm in the
future editions which the Ccnter will continue to publish in order to be updated with the
current specifications.
The Center is greatly acknowledged to all who are participated in bringing this booklet to
light including those who summarized and examined the spcci fieation s & the supporting
stafr in coordination, translation & printing.
Lastly, the Center hopes that this booklet will serve 3S a useful guide for working p311ics
in the execution of construction projects and to know the specifications of materials used in
the fields oCroads & buildings to achieve optimal quality Icvel ... and success is a gift of
God.
Dr. Isam 1-1. Nasha'at

General Director oC NCCLR
!\ationa) Cent er For Construction Laboratories & Researches ( :--JCCLR )
~'laterials Specification & Constru ction \\'orcks
\Vork Team
· Dr. Isam H. Nasha'at General Director / General Supervisor

• Baree'a M. Abdullatif Director of Researches & Technical Affairs / Chief of th e teal11
• Abdulnafi' Abdulmaujoud Consultant / Member
· i\bdul sa ttar Zekcriya Consultant / Member
· Ghaz i Fa isa l Consultant / Member
· ;\la'il Kal11e l Consultant / Member
· Abdulahad Farced Chief of chel11ists / Member
· Aryah Mansouri Engineer / Coordinator
2
,
Chapter 1
Gypsum & Lime and Their Products
Title S12ecification
.:. Gypsum for Building 1Q.S 28 / 1988
.:. Sand - Lime Bricks & Blocks IQ.S 548/ 1989
J
GypslIm jor Building
( IO.S 28/1988)
First: Classes
A- Normal Gypsum
[3- Gypsum
C- Technical Gypsum
Second: Physical Requirements

According to table (I)
Ta bl e (l) PI lYSlca
. 1 requIrements
Normal Gypsum Technical
Item Property gypsum gypsum
I Softness (%): 8 0 5
Residual on sieve No.16 should not be more than
2 Setting time (min.)
not less than *8 8 12
not more th,m 25 25 20
3 Compressive strength (N/ 111m"): not less than 3 5 6
4 Modulus of rapture (N/ mill"): not less than - 1.5 2
5 Hardness load (ml11): - 5 5
The diameter of notch of falling ball should not
be more them
-
"setting timc must not bc more than 15 minutes in the case of using gypsum for I1 00r arch
-
GYPSIIIIl for Building
( IQ.S 2811988)
Third: Chemical Requirements

According to table (2)
Table (2) Chemical requirements
Item Property Normal Gypsum Gypsum Technical

~y psum
I Ratio of SO] (%): 110t less 35 45 40

than
2 Ratio of eao (%): not morc 25 30 27
than
3 Soluble salts & Mg salts 0.25 0.25 0.25
(%): not more than
4 Unified water (%): not more than 9 not less than 4 not more than 9
not more than 9
5 Loss on ignition (%): not 9 - 9
more than
6 Ratio of impurities (%): not - 5 -
more than
•
Salld- lillie Bricks and Blocks
(IQ.S 54811989)
First: Standard Dimen sions
Type Len Q,t h( mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)

Bricks 240 115 75
Blocks 240 240 160
Second: Tolerances
- Bricks: ±3mm for single value
±2mm for average of units
- Holl ow & solid blocks: ±4mm for si ngle value
±:lmm for ave rage of units
Third: Compressive strength

For dry sa mples: minimum limit for compressive strength va lues as in the following table:
Type Mi n. limit for compressive strength (N/ mm') Total densi ty (gj em J )
One unit A\'erage of units One unit Average of un its
Bricks 14 17 J.7 as min. 1.8-2.0
Blocks 10 9 1,3 as min. 1.4-1.6
For wet samples: min. li mit for compressive strcngth of the samples covered with water
should not be less than 85 % from the value mentioned in the table above.
Fourth: Total Dcnsity

Sec the previous table,
Fifth: Maximum Limit tor Dr\! Shrinkage

.; - "--
-
Maximum limit for drv shrink age should not be more than 0,04%
~
Sixth : Water }\bsorption

Wat er absorpt ion perccntage of shou ld 110t be morc than 12%.
6
Chapter 2
Aggregate
Title Specification
.:. Aggregate Natural Sources For Concrete IQ.S 4511984
.:. Aggregate From Sources for Concrete B.S 88211992
.:. Aggregate from Natural Sources For Concrete ASTM C33/86
.:. filter Sand And Filter Gravel for Water IQ.S 1555/2000
Purification Filter
7
Aggregate From Natural Sources For Concrete
(I Q.S 45 / 1984)
First: Harmful Materials

I-I-Orga nic materials: The aggregate must not conta in harm fu l organic materi a ls to a
degree that affects on concrete resistance & durability when organic Illaterial s IS
tested accordin g to (lQ.S 33).
1-2-Sulfur salts :--The ra tio of SO] is not Illore than what recorded in tab le (I).
T a bl e 1: R a t'lOS 0 f su Ifur sa ItS pennI'tt e d In

· t e an d cemcn t nllx
a~~re(Ja . t ures
Maximulll lim it o f S03 percentage
Structure palt In cement mi xtures (tota l sa lt
[n fine aggrega te
content)
I -F i rst group:- 0.5% 4 (%) from ce ment weight for
a-reinforced concrete for mixtures of 300(kg/m J )cement
foundations content or more &4.5 % for
b-structure parts in touch cement content mo re than 250
3
with water (kg/m ) and less than
c -prestre ssed concrete 300(kg/ml)and 5% for cement
3
except what is content less than 250 (kg/m )
m ent io ncd in (2-C)
2 -Se cond group : 0.75% 4.5 % fro m cement wei ght of
3
a -a ll types of rein fo rced Illixtures o f 3 00 (kg/1ll ) ceme nt
concrete & non or Illore a nd 5%for cement
re info rc ed men tioned in content Ill o re than 250 (kg/Ill J)
(1,3 ) and less than 300 (kg/m 3) a nd
b-conc rete slabs & fla gs 5.5 % for cement content less
c-prestressed concre te l
than 250 (kg/m )
cured by stea lll tha t is
not intouc h with w ater
3-Third g roup: 0.75% 6 %from ccme nt weight
ceme nt mortar
4-Fourth group: 1% =
a-prov is ional co ncrete with
age of not l1lore than 10
years
b-concrete blocks
; S03 percentage not Illore than 0.1 % weight in coarse aggregatc
8
•
•
Second : Potential Stl·ength for Alkali
The aggregate is fixed as in previous use or in lab. tests accordin g to (IQ.S 42) that is
resi stant to alkalis in cement, and if the aggrega te does not ha s this res istance then it
will not be used or it will be used with low alkali cement.
Third: Light Materials

Not Illore tha n the limits shown in table (2)
Fomth: T he Friable Material s

Not more than the limits show n in table (2)
Fifth: Mater ials passing throu gh the sieve (75-micron)

Not more than the limits shown in table (2)
Table 2: Permitted limits of harmful materials in aggregate
Harmful Permitted limits (%) by weijJht

materia ls Coarse agg. Fine agg.
Natural Crushed Natural Crushed
gravel stone sa nd stone sand
Light materials I 1 1 I
Ratio of friable 2 2 1 1
materials
M ate rials 3 3 5 15
passing s ieve
( 75) micron
•
9
•
=~
:vlechanical ,", ..,''-'0.1
I: The value of required load 10 produce 10% fine materials: required load is not less
than (510ns) for using in normal concrete and (1 Otons) for aggregate using
in concrete exposed 10 water,
6-2: Crushing strength: :Jot :1101'e than 45% for used
normal concrete JOf~'O for used in concrete exposed
to water.
6-3: value: loss limit by weight is not more than 35')/0 in the
case of naturnl & crushed gravel & stone,
,::>~~§IlU.l;, -
S tab i Ii t Y
Loss after 5 is not more than 12% in solution 18% in I'vlgS0~ for
coarse aggregate 10% in Na2S04 & 1 in MgSO,j for aggregate,
Eighth: Gradation
8-1: Coarse -: coarse ,'poct" of graded sizes or
size are ,hOlV:1 in (3)
10
8-2: Fine aggregate-: Fine agg l'ega te must be g raded as sho wn in table (4) & sLIm o f
allowable differences must not be more tha n 5 %, this diffe rence includes only
und er-lin ed ratios , which can be di vided on many sieves &the ratio of materials
passing thro ugh the sieve 50 micron can be increased in th e casc of crushed stone
sand to 20 %
8-3 All in agg rega te: All ill aggrega te of graded sizes is shown in tab le (5)
Table 3 : Gradation limits for coarse aggregate
Sieve Percentage of materials passing through sieves

size Original size of graded Original size for aggregate of single size(mm)
IQ.S 23 aggregate
40- 20- 14- 63mm 40mm 20111m 14mm 10mm
5mm 5mm 5mm
75111111 100 ----- .---- lOO ----- ----- ----- -.---
63ml11 ----- .---. ----- 85-100 100 ----- ----- -----
37.5mm 95-\00 100 ----- 0-30 85-100 100 ----. -----
20mm 35-70 95-100 100 0-5 0-25 85-\ 00 100 -----
14mm ----- - . - - . 90-100 ----- ----- ----- 85-100 100

10ru m 10-40 30-60 50-85 .---- 0-5 0-25 0-25 85-100
5mm 0-5 0-10 0-10 ----- ----- 0-5 0-10 0-25
2.36mm .--.- ----- ----- .-._- ----- -._-. ----- 0-5
II
Table (4):Fine aggregate
Si eve No. Percentage of materials passing through sieves

IQ.S 23 Gradation Gradation Gradation Grad ation
zone zone zone zone
No.1 No.2 , NO.3 No.4
10mm 100 100 100 100
4.75m ll) 90-100 90-100 90-100 95-100
2.36mm 60-95 75-100 85-100 95-,100
I . I 8111111 30-70 55-90 75-100 90-100
600 micron 15-34 35-59 60-79 80-100
300 micron 5-20 8-30 12-40 15-50
150 micron 0-10 0-10 0-10 0-15
Table (5): All-in aggregate
Sieve No. Percentage for materials passing through sieves

Nominal size 40mm N ominal si ze 20mm
75111111 100 -----
37.5ml11 95-100 100
20111111 45-80 95-100
4.75mm 2 5-50 3)-55
600 mi cron 8-3 0 10-35
150 micron 0-6 0-6
12
Aggregate From Natural Sources Used 111 COl1crete
(B.S. 88211992)
Table2. Limit ing values of mechanical properties for di ffercnt types of concrete
Type of concrete Load requ ired to obta in I Aggregate

10% fines value (min.) kN I impact value
(max .) %
Concrete floors exposed to 150 r- )
sevcre abra si on
Pavement we aring surfaces 100 30
Others 50 45
fourth: Acid so lu ble sulphate content:

Acc ording 10 BS 5328/ 1976 & B.S. 8110/ 1985
fifth: Gra ding

5-1 Coa rse aggregate: As shown in table 3
I~
Table 3. Coarse aggregate
Sieve Percentage by Illass passing sieves

sIze G raded agg re ate Single-si ze agg regate -
[ 401llm 20m III 14m m 40mm 20mm 14mm I Om III 5 III III
to 5111111 to 5mlll to 5mm
50 1 100 ----- ----- 100 ----- ----- -- --- -----
37.5 90-100 100 - ---- 85- 100 100 -- --- -- -- - -----
20 35 -70 90-100 100 0-25 85- 100 100 --- -- -----
14 25-55 40-80 90- 100 ----- 0-70 85 -100 100 -----
10 10-4 0 30-60 50-85 0-5 0-25 0-50 85- 100 100
5 . 0-5 0-10 0-10 ----- 0-5 0-10 0-25 45-
100
2.36 ---- - - -- -- ----- --- - - ----- j ----- 0-5 0-30
5-2 Grading of fine aggregate (sand): -

G rad ing of the sa nd sha ll compl y with th e overall limits given in tab le (4)
addi tionall y, not more than one in ten co nsec utiv e sa mpl es shall have g rading outside
th e limi ts for any one of the grading zo nes C,M or F given in tabl e 4.
Table4. Gradation of fine aggregate
Percentage by mass pass in g sieve

S ieve size
Overall Limits for grad in o zones
(mm)
limits C M F
10 100 ----- ----- -----
5 89-100 ----- - - --- -----
2.36 60-100 60-100 65-100 80- 100

1.18 30-100 30-90 45-100 70 -1 00
0.6 15-100 15-54 25-80 55-100
0.3 5-70 5-40 5-48 5-70
0. 15 *0-15 ----- ----- ---- -
~ Increased to 20% for crushed fine aggregate
15
B-Grading of fine aggregate for heavy duty floors must comply with grading limits of
C,M zones mentioned in table (4)
5-3 :All in aggregate :the grading is as given in table (5)
Table (5) All -in aggregate
Sieve size Percentage by mass passing throu g h the sieve for nominal size
(111m) 40 111m 20111111 I 10l11m 5mm "I
50 100 ----- ----- -----

37 .5 95-1 00 100 ----- -----
20 45-80 95-100 ----- - ----
14 ----- ----- 100 -----
10 ----- ----- 95-100 100

5 25-50 35-55 30-65 70-1 00 .
23 6 ----- ----- 2 0-50 25-1

.
00
1.1 8 ----- ----- 15-40 15-45
0.6 8-30 10-35 10-30 5-25
0.3 ----- ----- 5-15 3-20
0.15 0-8"'* 0-8 0-8 "* 0-15
(*)Used mainly in precast concrete products

(*;, )Increased to 10% for crushed rock sand
Sixth :Fine Materials: The amount of material passing 75 flill sieve shall not exceed
the quantities given in table 6
Table (6) Fine materials
Aggregate type Percentage by 111ass passing

I
75 ,LlIn sieve (max)
-Uncrushed ,partially crushed ,or 2
crushed g rave I
-Crushed rock 4
-N atural fine aggl·egate or fine 4
aggregate consists of crushed or
"'partiall y crushed gravel
-Crushed rock sand 16 (9 for usc in exposed to
f---~. _._._- erosion floor)
- U n Crt~0lc~cl_alI-=-ill.'lggr~ga \e 3
--.
-Crushed rock all-in agoregate
... 0
~_. II
16
COl/crete A o"reaate
.....,
~., b
(ASTM C33/J986)
Fine Aggregate
First:-
_ _ fine <1C O re bo ate '-'cradin 0-o :
",,~b
The grading is as shown in tabl e ( I)
Table (I): Fine aggregate grading
Sieve(mll1) I Perce ntage passin~ (%)

9.5 100
--
4.75 95-100
2.36 80-100
l.l 8 50-80
0.6 25 -60
-
0.3 10-30
0.15 2-\0
I-I-The minimum percent for material s passing 0.3mm &0.15 mm sieves may be reduced
to 5% if the aggregate is to be used in ai r - entrained co ncrete conta ining more than
(240kg/ml) or in non air-entrained concrete conta ining more than (300 kg/ml)
1-2-The fin e aggregate shall have more than 45% reta ined on any sieve & its fin es modulus
shall be not less than 2.3 nor more than 3. 1.
1-3-Fine aggregate failing to sa ti s fy the requ iremen ts mentioned above may be accepted
provided that conc rete made with sim ilar fine aggregate has an acceptable performance
and comply to all requirements
lA-Di ffere nce in finenes s modulus shall not vary more than 0.2 between the supplied
con signments of fin e aggregate
17
•
Second: Deleterious Substances
• The amount of deleterious substances in fine aggregate shall not exceed the limits
prescribed in table (2)
Table 2:Limits of deleterious substances in fine aggregate

• Item Weight percent of total
samples
-Clay lumps &friable particles 3
-Materials passing sieve (0.075 f.lm)
• a-Concrete subjected to abrasion 3*
b-All other concrete 3*
-Coal
a-when surface appearance of concrete 0.5
• is important
b-all other concrete 1.0
(*)These limits may be increased to 5% &7% respectively in the case the aggregate is
produced from crushing stone &free from clay shale.
• Third: Organic Materials in Fine Aggregate
3-1: Fine aggregate must be free of organic materials except those, which pass the test, but
it causes a dark colour to concrete, so it must be rejected
• 3-2 : Fine aggregate which fail in the test of organic materials can be used if the change of
colour caused by little amount of coal or similar substances .
..
3-3 : Fine aggregate that fails in the test of organic materials can be used if compressive
• strength of the mortar is 95% or more in the age of7 days as prescribed in specification
ASTMC87
3-4 : Fine aggregate used in concrete exposed to moisture or in touch with soil shall not
consist deleterious substances react with alkalis in cement which cause extended
• reactions that darbage the concrete, this kind of aggregate can be used if alkali content
in cement is not more than 0.6% measured on the ratio ofNa20 that is equivalent to
(Na20+0.658 k20)
• Fourth: Stability Of Fine Aggregate

Loss in weight after five cycles shall not exceed 10% when Na2S04 solution is used nor ".
15% when MgS04 solution is used.
•
18
•
•
•
coarse aggregate
First: Grading of Coarse Aggregate

The grading is as shown in table (3) •
Table 3: Grading of aggregate
•
Sieve
opening Accumulative percent %
(mm)
63
4.75-50 4.75-37.5 4.75-25
mm mm mm
4.75-19
mm
4.75-12
mm
2.36-9.5
mm
20-50
mm
19-37.5
mm
25-12.5
mm
95-19
mm
•
50 --- --- --- --- --- --- 100 --- . ---
37.5 100 --- --- --- --- --- 90-100 100 --- ---
25 90-100 100 100 --- --- --- 35-70 90-100 100 ---
19
12.5
25-55
0-15
90-100
20-55
95-100
---
100
90-100
---
100
---
---
0-15
---
25-55
0-15
90-100
20-55
100
90-100
•
9.5 --- 0-10 25-60 --- 90-100 100 0-5 --- 0-10 20-55
4.75 0-5 0-5 --- 20-55 40-70 85-100 --- 0-5 0-5 0-15
2.36 --- --- 0-10 0-10 0-15 10-30 --- --- --- 0-5
1.18 ---
---
---
---
0-5
---
0-5
---
0-5
---
0-10
0-5
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
--- •
•
19
•
Second :De lete ri ous Mater ia ls in Coa rse Aggregate
Req uirements are as in table 4
Ta ble 4: Lim its for deleterious materials in coarse aggregate

Maximum a ll owable lil11 it(%)
Sum of
,,1a teri a l
Clay cl ay
Struct ure type fi ner
lum ps & lum ps, Soundness
Chert than Coa l Abras io n
friable fria ble in M gS O~
(N o .200)
parti cles particles
sie ve
and chert
Severe Exposure
Foundation s ,columns and 10 -- - -- I I 50 ---
beams non ex posed to
,wat her &pro teeted interio r
floo rs
Unprotected interior floo rs 5 --- --- I 0.5 50 ---
Foundatio n wall s above 5 5 7 1 0 .5 - 50 18
gro und .su pporting wall s.
pi llars, and beams non
ex po sed to ,,,,eathe r
Roads & bridges fl oors 3 5 5 1 0. 5 50 18
walk\\'a vs & con cre te
ex posedto flo w water
Archi tec tura l concrete 2 3 3 1 0. 5 50 18
ex posed to wea ther
iv10derate Exposure
Foundations ,colu mn s and 10 --- --- I 1 50 ---
beams non ex posed to
\\cather &pro tec ted interi or
floors
Unprotected inte rior floors 5 I --- --- I 0. 5 50 ---
-Foundation \\'all s above 5 8 10 1 0 .5 50 18
gro un d .suppo rt ing ,val ls,
pillars, a nd beam s non
exposed to weather
,
Roads & bridges fl oors J 3 5 I 0.5 50 18
walkways & co nc rete
ex posed to flo w \\ater
,
Architectura l con crete 3 J 5 1 0.5 50 18
cXJlosed to wcat her
Sli!l.!H or i'iegliQiblc Exposu re
Fl oors cxposed to a b ra S i OJ1~ --- --- I 0.5 50 ---
bridges & wa lkways fl oo ~s .
Other conc rete t vpes 10 --- - -- I I 50 --
10
Filter Saud & Filter Gravel for Water Purification Filters
(IQ.S 45/1984)
First: Appearance:
Sand particles is solid ,strong & consists of silica &have global shape
Second: Gained density:

Its value is between 2500-2670 kg/m>
Third: Regularity coefficient

F or sand shall not exceed 1.5
Founh: Silica amount

4-1 Shall not be less than 90% for mass of sand
4-2 Shall not be less than 80% for mass of gravel
Fifth: Impurities
5- I Absence of organic materials can be diagnose for sand &gravel filters of size to 8 mm
5-2 Soluble substances in water shall not be more than 190 for sulphur
Sixth: Measurements
Asintable(l)
Seventh: Percent of materials passing from sieve (75um)

Shall not exceed than 2% from the mass of sand &gravel
Eighth: Percentage of solubility in He]

Shall not exceed 2%
21
Filter sand &filter gravel for water purification filt ers
The granular size Active size Percentage Permitted

Prepared
gradation limits (mm) (111111 ) Residedual
passing from specImen
on largest
lowest sieve Illass (kg)
sIeve
0.425 -0.6 0.4-0.45 5 5 3
0.425-0.8 0.4-0.5
c 0.6-0.8 0.6-0.65
0
~
til 0.6-1.0 0.6-0.65
u
.-'"'
t.:::
;::l
0.71-1.18
1.0-1.1 8
0.7-0.75
1.0-1.1
5
0.
10-1.4 1.0-1.1
'"'ro"'
..,
1.0-2.0 1.1-1.2
3:
1.18-1.7 1.2-1.3
.8til 1.4-2.0 1.4-1.5
-0 ~
cro~
'" 1.4-2.36 1.4-1.6
{/)t.::: 1.7-3.0 1.7-1.9
2.0-3.35 10 10
2.5-6.5
3.35-5.6
til
03 5.6-8.0 20
-c:
~
6.5-9.5
c:
0
8.0-12.5
.;::;
ro 8.0-16.0
u
t.::: 9.5-13.5
3 12.5-16.0
0.
'0"'
..,
13.5-38.0
'"3: 16.0-25.00
16.0-31.5 40
.0
til
24.0-32.0
0 25.0-40.0
>
38.0-50.0
'"
~-. 60.0-80.0
12
Chapter 3
Cement & Concrete
.:. POIiland Cement [Q,S

.:. Terrazzo Ti I ,S /I
.:. Ordinal,; I lQ,S I / I
"
.:. Load- B :Y1asonary Units IQ,S 1077 / 1987
.:. Pre-Cast Concrete Kerbs & Channels TQ,S I 106/ 1987
.:. Pre-Cast Flags [Q.S I 107 / 1987
.:. 1\on-Load B Concrete :vrasonary Units IQ.S I J 29/ 1988
.:. Reinforced - Coneliet Cantilever Stair Steps IQ.S 1381 / 1988
.:. Reinforced Umeinforccd Concrete Pipes lQ,S 1432/1989
\Vi!hout Internal Pressure
.:. Cellular Blocks IQ,S 1441 /2000
.:. Pavement Bricks IQ,S 1606/ 1990
.:. Reinforced Concrete Fence Posts IQ,S 16 !i I 99, 'J
k
.:. Water used in 1 S 1703/1992
23
Portlaud Cement
(IQ.S 5/1984)
First: Physical Requirelllen\S :

According to table (I)
TabJe (1) Physical Requirements
~
Type of cement
g Test Rapid Low
- Ordinary Moderate
harden ing heat
Resistant White
I Fineness :shall not be less th an
230 250 320 320 250 230
( m2 I kg )
2 Setting time:
- Initial is not less than ( minute) 45 45 45 45 45 45
- Final is not more th an ( hour) 10 10 10 10 10 10
3 Soundness:
0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Expansion is not more th an ( % )
4 Com pressive strength is not less -- -- II -- -- --
than ( mN I 11J2 )
I - one day age 15 IS 21 10 15 15
I _three d'avs
,
anc
<: 23 23 28 -- 23 23
- seven da ys age -- -- -- 28 -- --
- twenty eight days age -- -- -- -- -- --
5 Tensile strength (optional) mN/m- -- -- 2.1 -- -- --
6 \\ihiteness degree -- -- -- -- -- 78
- In any next agc , the comp ressive strcn glh shou ld be more than compressivc streng th
obtaincd lor the earl ier age.
-
Second: Chemical requit'ements :

According to table (2)
Table ( 2 ) Chemical requirements
~
E Rapid Sulphate
White
-
~
(J
Type o f cement
Ordinary Moderate
hardening
Low heat
resistant
I SiOl is not less than-( % ) -- 21 -- -- -- --

2
AI 20 3 is not less than -- 6 -- -- -- --
(%)
3 FezO· is not Illore than % -- 6 -- 6.5 -- --
Lime saturation
4 0.66 -1.02 0.66- 0.88 0.66 -1.02
coefficient
5 MgO is not more than (%) 5 5 5 5 5 5
SO) content is not more
than when C,A ratio is :
6
- less than ( 5 % ) 2.5 2.5 3 2.5 2.5 2.5
- more than ( 5 % ) 2.8 2.8 3.5 3 2.5 3
Loss on ignition shall not
7 4 4 4 4 4 4
exceed (%)
Non soluble substances
8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
shall not exceed than ( % )
9 C, S is not marc than ( % ) -- -- -- 35 -- --
10 CzS is not less ( % ) -- -- -- 40 -- --
II C,A is not more than ( % ) -- S 15 7 3.5 --
Percent of Fe203 / AlzO]
12
is not less than
-- -- -- -- -- 8
Rejection
The consignment can be refused when its weight differs more than 3% fr olll the weight pointed
on it, and when the rate of weight oC( 50) refills chosen randomly from consignillentiess than the
weight pointed on the refills.
25
Terrazo Tiles
(I Q.S 1042/1984)
First: Shape & Dimen sions
The tile is square & has dimcn sions as show n ill the fo llowi ng tab le. It can be produced in
another shapes accord iug to the agree ment bet ween the producer and the purchaser.
Side length (mm) Thickness( mm )

150 ± I 20 ± 3
200 ± I 20 ± 3
250 ± I 25 ± 3
300 ± I 30 ± 3
400 ± I 35 ±3
500 ± I 40 ± 3
Second: Finishing & Appeilrance

The surface is smooth & free of defects, marble is di stributed in homogeneous way, edges
of tile are vertical on su rface. All cdges must be acute & free from defects & the colour is
homogeneous .
Third: Total Absorpti on of water : any individual result should not exceed 8 % .
Fourth: Surface absorption: an)' individual result should not excced 0.4 ( g/c ll1 2 ) .
Fifth: Flextural strength: <111y result sho uld not be less than 3 ( N/ll1n,z).
Sixth: Abrasion ra te fo r testeel sam ples: shall not excecd 2 111m & any single result sho uld not
cxceed (2.5 111111) .
Ordi/l{lI:F Tiles
(I Q.S 1043 / 1984)
First: Materials
I-I Cement: Normal or w hite cement usu ally uscd .
1-2 Pigment: Natural & industrial pigment used for colouring til es is a fi xed co lour &does not
consist of delete ri ous substances on concrete. Percent ofwcight pigl\Jcnt in s urfacc layer
should not exceed 5 % f!"Om the \\cight of cement uscd in mixture.
Second: Shapes & Dimensions

2 -1 The til e is squa red & upper surface is plane and th e sec ti on is rectangle, it can be supp lied
in another shapes according to the agreement.
2-2 Thc dimensions of squared tiles as in the tJble below:
Side leng th (mm) Thickness (111m)

200 ± 1 22 ± 3
250 ± 1 25 ± 3
2-3 Thickness: th e thickness of surface layer shou ld not be less th an 3 nWl or accordi ng to the
agreement.
2-4 Differences :It is allowable for a single consignment ofa difference I mm in le ngth & 3mm
in thickness between a tile & another.
Third: Appearance
Surface layer sh ould be horizontal grounded and free f!"OlTl the fo ll ow in g defec ts:
a. Creep: It is a hair c rackin g appears on a tile surface from an edge side.

b. Sca ling: J( is a hair cracking nct\\ork appeal'S on a part of tile surface or on th e entire suface.
c. Cracking: Jt is a hair crack ing appears on a tile surface starts from th e edge to\\ards fe\\
centimeters inside.
d. Pilling: appearanccs ofsmall pits on tile sllt'face .
e. She lling: It is a shell separation occurs on the tile surface.
f. Eftlorescence: appearance of salts on the tile surfacc .
g. Splilling :It is a cracking of a plane direction starts from the surface towards the base ( back)
& often CUles the thickness of the entire tile.
h. Seperat in g: It is a splitting occurs bctwccn the two IJyers surface & base.
Fourth: Co lo ur: It should be homogenous specially \\ithin one cons ignment.
F ifth: Section: The til e section should be free from any partial o r entire sepa ration between the
t\\ O layers ( smface & base) & each layer should be homogenous & frec from
halls or defects & all edges should be acute & sound .
27
Load - Bearing Concrete Masol1aJY Units
(lQ.S 1077/1987)
First; Dimensions
I- I exterior dimension; for standard concre te J113S0nary un it as show n in the table bclo\\
Length ( mm ) Width ( I11Il1 ) Height ( ml11) 1

400 I 200 I 200
400 200 150 -
300 200 150
300 I 150 150
300 200 100
300 I SO 100
J -2 Thi ckness of string and shell shou ld not be lesse than 20 111111 .
1-3 Load - bearing conc rete 111asonary units can be produced \\i th dimensions other than
sta ndard dimension s but he ight of unit should not e:\ceed than its length or six times its
\\idth .
Second; D iffe renc es in Dim ensions

Differences in any di111ens ion shou ld not exceed 3 Illlll .
Third;
3-1 ( A ) : For general use in interior or c:\tcrior \\alls thm exposed to J110istmc or wcather
effects under or above grou nd level.
( B ) : for use above ground le\el in interior \\aI15 or exteri or thm protected from moisture or
\\cathcr cfreet s .
Fourth; Phys ica l Requirellleills

Load - bearing concre te nw son3n' units shou ld comply \\ith requ ire ments shO\\n in the
follo\\'j ng table & it shou ld not be used before 14 cia) s [rom the comp letion of its production.
i'vl in. Ii mit of compression strengt h NIJJ1 l11-

Lnit Water absorption
type calculated on total area
type not more than (%)
Ave ra oc of 3 units One L1nit
r Solid ----- --" -
__ 3
A 13 I1 10
13 9 7 15
Hollow A 7 6 15
13 5 4.5 20
]8
fifth: Visual Test
5-1 All mass surfaces should be free fl'0111 crac ks 01- defects objected lI ith Ihc sound state of it.
and reduce its beari ng & dura bil ity.
5-2 Surfaces prepared to be co\-cred with protec tive laye r such as mortar, pl as tering or others
should ha ve enough roughness to guarantee Ihe cohesion _
5-, EXlenlJl sud'ace from construction \\al ls of'masonary units should be free from notch ,
cracks or other defects. Small cracks or notches of not more th an 25mm with a perccnt age of
not less than 5 % from the consignment will not be considered enough to refuse.
Si xt h : Rejection
When any cons ignment fails to sMi sfy specification requiremen t, ncw specimens should be
chosen and tes ted on producer account. The consignment entirely refused when th e
second group of specimens failed in tes t.
29
Pre - Cast COllcrete Kerbs alld C/ulllllels
(lQ.S 110611987)
First: Shape and Dimens ion s

1- 1 \ /liddle mould: it is of 500 111m lengt h and in dim ensions as sho\\11 in the followin g section:
50 Illm
100 n llll
500 1l1 1l1
1-2 Latera l mould: It is of 1000 Inmlength and in dimensio ns as sho\\'n in th e f'a ll owing
secti on :
120 mm 30 mm
,I rI i
I
1::'0 mill
.3 00 111 ITI
J 50 I1l I1l
y .;-1 _ __ _ _ _/ ~
/ 150 111111
Second : Al lowa ble Diffe rences
Length I Width I Iei9.ht

-
± 0.6 % I ± OJ % ± 0.3 %
31l
[)
Third : Modulus of ruptu re

Shall not be less than 3.5 ( NiJnrn!) when tested by method, mentioned in appendix ( a ) in
the speci fieation
Fourth: Water Abso rpti o n:

a. Absorption nlte for parts of specimens sho uld not be more than (, % i r tb ey arc submerged
for ( 24 hours) .
b. Absorpt ion percentage for a part of onc spec imen sho ul d not be more than 7 % .
c. Test mu st be donc according to mctil od mcntioned in appendix ( b ) in the specifica tion .
Fifth : According to IQ.S ( 45 ) ( table I ) thi s tes t is done when ra\\' materi als are not tested.
31
Precast COl/crete Flags
(IQ.S 110711987)
first: Dimensions
Flags are produced according to the dimensions sho\\'n in the table below or accord ing to
any dimensions \\hich the seller and the buyer agreed about.
Flags type Lene.lh (mm) Width ( 111111 ) Thickness (mIll)

A 500 ± 2 500± 2 50 ± 3
B 600 ± 2 400 ± 2 50 ± 3
C 400 ± 2 200 ± 2 50 ± 3
D 800 ± 2 800 ± 2 42 ± 3
E 400 ± 2 400 ± 2 50 ± 3
F 600± 2 200 ± 2 50 ± 3
* Surface angles are right when the difference betwee n the t\\ Osurface diameters are 30 mm
Second: Strength
Strength requirements of flags are as in the table below
Flail. type ( k01 )

A 8.3
B 5.3
C 4.4
D 5.4
E 8.9
F 2.7
Third: Wate r Absorption

Avcrage of increase in testcd mass in the case ofsubl11crging the samp les in
the \\ater lor a period 1/2 hour sha ll not exc eed 4 % nor 10 % for 24 hours.
NOli-Load Bearil/g COl/crete lvlaso//{lIY UI/its
(I Q.S 1129/ 1988)
First: Definitions
I-I Concrete M aso nary Unit
a. Length: sha ll not be less than 300 I11nl .
Width: shall not be less than 200 111111 .
Height: sha ll not be less than 100 mill .
b. The height shou ld not exceed the length nor six timcs the thic kness.
1-2 Soild masonary units:

Soild volumc should not be less than 75 % from th e tOlal vo lume of unit cakulated from its
total dimensions.
1-3 Hol low masonary uni ts:

a. Cons ist of one or more of holes or cavities \\'h ich penetrate masonary unit.
b. Solid vo lume of material 50-75 % froll) the total volume ca lcu lated fr om th e total
dimcnsions .
1-4 Cellular Illasonary units

a. Consist of one or more of holes & cavities \\hich don't penetrate th e Illasonary unit.
b. Solid vo lume of Illalaial 75 % from the total volume calculated frol11 th e total dim ensions.
1-5 Air - entrained masonary units

Bubbles formed by gaz generating or entering air in l11ixture by air - entraining agent.
Second: Conc rete masonary units classification

2-1 Weight classification.
Weight classi fication Conc rete mass dried in oven
Li gh t Max. limit 1680
Mode rate 1680 - 2000
Normal Min. li mit 2000
2-2 Types
2-2-1 First type ( the unit of cont rolled moisture content) : satisfy al l requireillents of this
specification including moisture content requirem~ll t (Iabk I ) .
2-2-2 Second type ( the un it ofuncontrolkd moisture content): satisfy all rcquirements of this
speci ficatioll except moisture content requirement (table 2 ) .
Third: Loading test

Compressive strength calculated on the average of net area as minlllUIll :
For one unit 3.45 N/nlI1l2
Ave. of3 units 4.14 Nhnlll2
33
FOUl1h: Allowable Dimensions & Differences
4-1 Shell thickness: not less th an ( 13 I11I11 )
4-2 Difference: does not exceed ( 3111111) from standard dimensions of length. \\idth & height.
Tab le ( I ) Requirements of moisture content

for units from first typ e
Moisture Content (Maximum)

Longitudinal Shrinkage
Moisture conditi ons in work & places of use
%
* wet •• mediulll . H dry
0.03 or less 45 40 35
From 0.03 to 0.045 40 35 30
From 0.045 to 0.065 max. 35 30 25
,. Wet: a\'Crage of annual relative moisture is more than 75 % .
" :--1ediu)11 : average of annual relati ve moisture is from 50 to 75 % .
"'* Dry : a\'crage of annual rclativc Illoisture is less than 50 % .

•
Reillforced- COliC rete
Calltilever Stair Steps'
(f Q.S 1381/1988)
First:Materials
\-1 Cement: should be in uccordilIlcc \\itll IQ.S No.(5) concerning Portland ceillent .
1-2 Aggregate.
1-2-1 AppatTnt COil crete Aggregate: marble aggregme or othet' natural stones according with
aggregat.: IiIII ited ill (I Q.s) No. ( 1042) eonc-:rning Tcrrallo Ti ks .
1-2-2 Reinforc cd - concrete aggrega te: aggregate used in natural materials should be statisficcl to
requirement s of I Q.S ( No. 45 ) .
\-3 Filler ill apparent concrete: it should be from the fracture of useful natural stolle .
1-4 Pigment: should be satislied to the rcquire men ts of IQ.S (1042) concerning Terrano
Tiles.
Second: Dimensions
E
2-1 Dimcns ions of ol1e step. E
o
'n
( 0,
,~'---------------------~------0
( 900 - 1200 ) mill J 60 lllill
2-2 Allowable difference: 5 mm in length, 3 I1Ull in thickness.
Third: Requirem e nts

3-1 Thickness of apparent layer: shalillot decrease than larger size of aggregate thickness &.
the average should not decrease than 8 I11Ill after grounding &. poli shing.
3-2 Loaciing test: reaction of settlement should not decrease than 85% from the total
settlement &. cracks should not appear on sample surface in maximum loading.
3-3 Dewils of reinforcement of one step:
Ties of dia. 6mm for each 250 mill 4-5 bar clia. 121ll1ll
I
as max . in equal di stance
/
I
/
I /
f-J U \.
U
/ V
n (
/
/
2 bars of di a. of 12 111m
-I.he cantllver part tntenor
di stan ce in the wall
35
Reil/forced & UI/reil//orced COllcrete Pipes
Witbout II/ternal Pressure
( I Q.S 1432/1989)
First: Classification
a. Unrein forced pipes: see table (I) .
b. Reinforced pipes: di vided into four types according to its bearing capacity ascending
MI ,M 2 , M3 ,M~ (see table I ) .
Second: Requirements
2-1 Concrete cover as in table below
Thickness of pipe walls (mm) Minimum net cover (mm)

25 & less 6
More than 25 10
Plug grading 6
2-2 Dimensions & Differences:

2-2-1 Diameters: the foll ow ing tabl e sho\\s the allowable differences of diamcters .
[ntelllal designed diameter Allowable difference (mm)

( n1l11 ) max.
300 & less ±3
30 I - 600 I ±5
60 I - 1200 ±7
1201 & more ± IO
2-2-2 Wall thickness: the folkming wble shO\\s rhe allowable difference in \Vall thickness .
Design wall thickness Y[ax. allowable difference

- (mm) (mm)
30 & less ±2
31 - 50 I ±3
51 - 65 ±4
66 - 75 I ±5
76 - 95 ±6
97 & more ±7
2-2-3 Straightness:
A. Dcviation shou ld not bc 1110re th an 3111111 for onc meter of pipe length when tes ted it according
to thc spec ification of concrete pipes tes t procedures ( 1232 ).
B. Tota l deviation of entire pipe length silould not be morc than 12 m111 .
2-2-4 Ends perpcndieulat"ity :

A. Pipe ends sho uld be vertical and its deviation on exac t anglc sidc sho ul d not increase I \lUll
at every 200 111111 of the designed diameter 01" in a range of 10111111 " whieh one is the less.
B. Pipes in 400 111m dia111eter the 111ax. all owable difference is 2 111111 when it is tested accordi ng to
the speci fication concerning concrete pipe tests ( 1232 )
2-3 Producti on & fini shing Technique : as in the table below.
Width shall not be more

Ruptures & cracks
th an 0.1 mill
Bulges
Pittinos
....
Height
- shall not be more than 3mm
Depth shall not be more than 3J11m
Third: Loading Test: su itable loading test can be done by one of the meth ods mentioned in
the speci fi ca tion concerning concrete pipes test ( 123 2) "
3-1 Unre in forced pipcs (A)
"Nominal size of pipe Loading test

(mm) kN/m
100 16
150 16
225 17
300 18
375 20
450 22
* Nominal size: it is a number equals approximate ly to th e pipe diameter.
3-2 Reinforced pipes ( M) , M z , MJ • M. ) : see the table concerning loading tests fo r reinforced
pipes classes ( table 2 )
37
2-2-3 Straightness:
A. Dev iation should not be more than 311lIll for one Illeter of pipe Icngth when tested it according
to the specification of concrete pipes tes t proccdmes ( 1232 ).
B" Total dcviation of cntire pipc len gth sho uld not be morc than 12 Illl1l .
2-2-4 Ends perpendicul ar"it y :

A. Pipe ends should be vertical and its dcviatioll on exact angle side shoulcl not increase I mill
at every 200 Jlllll of the clesigned diameter or in a range of 10 Illm " whi ch one is the less.
B. Pipes in 400 I11Ill diameter" th c Jllax. allowahle cl iffe rence is 2 nlill when it is test cd according to
the spec ification concerning concrete pipe tes ts ( 123 2 )
2-3 Production & Finishing Tcchnique : as in thc tahle hel ow .
Width shall not be more

Ruptures & cracks
than 0.1 11101
Bulges Height shall not be 1110re than 3mm
Pittings Depth shall not be more than 31llm
Third: Loading Test: suitable load ing test can be done by one of the Illethods mentioned in
the spec ification conccrning concrete pipes test ( 1232).
3-1 Unrein forced pipes ( A )
*Nominal size of pipe Loading test

(mm) kN/m
100 16
150 16
225 17
300 18
375 20
450 22
* Nominal size: it is a number equals approxim(llely to the pipe diameter.
3-2 Reinforced pipes ( MI " M2 , M J , M4 ) : see the table co ncerning load ing tests for reinforced
pipes classes ( tabl e 2 )
37
Fourth: Static Water Pressure Test
A: Pipes should resi st static water pressure about 90 (kilo Pascal ) without appearance of any sign
~ .
of leakage or anv other defects.
B: Perform the test according to ( I Q.S 1232 ) .
Fifth: Absorption Test

A: Absorption percentage of each specimen (calculated as a percentage ofspecimcn dry mass)
should not exceed the following:
Drainage pipes 6.5 %

Pipes for other purposes 8%
B: Ifnotless than 80 % of the specimens comply with the requirement of the specifications, then
another specimen of the same pipe should be CuI instead of the failed one , test it & replace the
resul t .
C : I f the number of specimcns satisfying test requirements is more than 80 % then the pipes
representcd by these specimens are considered correspondent to the test.
Sixth: Joints
6- I Rigid joints.
6-2 loints of pluge & nick .
Recommended ratio for nickes
Nominal diameter Minimulll length

forpipe (L)
100 45
150 50
225 55
300 60
375 65
450 65
525 70
600 70
750 80
900 90
1050 95
1200 and more 100
:; S
Tablc I : Real intcl'llal di31lleter of produced pipes
Original Max. internal Internal pipe diameter ( 1111ll) min

size of dia . of all Unrein forc ed Class Class Class Class
pipes classes pipe A MI Ml MJ M.l
100 105 100 100 100 100 100
150 155 150 150 150 150 150
225 230 22 5 2)- )- 225 225 225
300 310 300 300 300
.
300 290
375 38 5 375 375 375 375 365 __
450
- ------.
445 440
460 450 450 450
525 540 -- 525 525 520 510
- 600 615 -- 600 600 590 580
750 770 -- 750 750 740 720
900 920 -- 900 900 885 865
1050 1080 -- 1050 1050 103 0 1000
1200 1230 -- 1200 1200 1175 1145
13 50 1380 -- 1350 1350 1320 1290
1500 1530 -- 1500 1500 1470 1440
1650 1680 -- 1650 1650 1610 1580
180 0 1830 -- 1800 1800 1760 1730
1950 1990 -- 1950 1950 1900 1870
2100 2140 -- 2100 2100 2050 2010
Note: Th e producer should tell the purchaser abo ut the real design ed diameter of the pipe
which can be provided for any internal nominal diam eter on any dem ilOd in that it is
in the scope o f diameters mentioned in the table above.
39
Table (2): Loading ortest for pipes M), M2 , M" M4
;-..rominal Load of test (note 2) (km / m2 )

size PiDe class MI PiDe class M z PiDe class M3 Pipe class M4
(note 2 ) Cracking Cracking Cracking Cracking
load load load load
(mm) load load load load
100 10.0 15.0 13 J9.5 19.5 29.5 26 39
IS O 10.0 15.0 I3 19 .5 19.5 29.5 26 39
225 11.0 16.5 14 22.5 21 71.5 28 42
300 12.0 18.0 15 22.5 22.5 34 :5 30 46
375 13.0 19.5 17 25 .5 25.5 38.5 34 51
450 15.0 22.5 20 30 30 45 40 60
525 17.0 25.5 23 34.5 34.5 52 46 69
600 19.0 28.5 26 39 39 58 .5 52 78
750 21.0 31.5 32 48 48 72 64 96
900 22.0 35.5 37 55.5 55.5 83.5 74 111
1050 25.0 37 .5 42 63 63 94.5 84 126
1200 27.0 40.5 46 69 69 103 .5 92 138
1350 29.0 43.5 50 75 75 11 2.5 100 150
1500 31.0 46.5 54 81 81 121-:-5 108 112
1650 33.0 49.5 58 87 87 130.5 116 14
1800 35.0 52.5 63 93 93 139.5 114 86
1950 37.0 55.5 66 99 99 148.5 122 198
2100 39.0 58.5 70 105 105 157.5 140 21
Nominal size: It's 3n approximate number nearly equals to the pipc diamctcr .
:'iotes :
1. YOli can dckrmine the load test of pipe 01' medium size by the method of st raight linear
approximation betwcen the two values.
2. Table (I) consi~ts of real internal pipes diameters of nominal sizes mentioned in the previolls
table .
3.
\1inimllm limit 01' net cover ( I11Ill ) Th ickness of crack size ( !TIm )
10 0.15
more th an 10 - 20 inside 0.20
more than 20 0.25
4. When the test is performed. preca uti on is taken to a\'oid making crack in any pipe larger
than that limited in the prcvious tab le & \\'hen th e load is rem oved frolll the pipc it is
necessary to observe tilat any unallowable crack in (2 -3 ) docs not rcnwin .
~o
Cellular CO/lcrete Block
(IQ.S 1441/ 2()(}(} )
First: Surfaces
The faced suri:1ces should be paral lc l and Cree Croll1 de fe cts that effect on its
perform ance . the angles should be right & the edges should be a(ute .
Second: Dimens ions

Bloc k dimensions should be as in ta ble below:
..
Lenoth ( !11m) lleioht ( mill t Thickness ( 111 111 )
60
120
490 240
180
240
60
120
590 240
180
240
Third: Toleranc es in Dimension s

MaximU111 deviation should be ± 3111111 for any dilllension
Fourth : Ph ys ica l Propc'rties :

The physical properties of bl ock should be as in the following table :
Compl'essive Strength
Dimen sional shrinkage
Densi~y ~N/ ll1 m 2)
Class ( max. limit % for each
( kg/Ill' ) Cube Unit with thickness
dimension)
(I OO x I OO x 100) 111m 240 Illill
0.4 351-450 1.00 0.7 0.1
0.5 451 - 5) 0 2.00 1.4 0.1
0.6 551 - 650 3.00 2.1 0.1
0.7 6S I - 750 4.00 2.8 0.1
0.8 751 - 850 6.00 4.2 0.1
Fifth: Absorption ( optional)

5-1 Total absorpti on should not be more th an 45 % for all classes .
5-2 Capillary absorption should not be more th an 120 111111 for all classes .
41
Concrete Pavement Bricks
(IQ.S 1606 1 1990)
First: General
Bricks shou ld comp ly \lith th e spccific requirements on delive ry at age of28 days as a
maximum"
Second: App ea rance

The bricks should be dense, fre e from cracks, with parallel & stra ight edges"
Third: Dimensions :
3-1 Bricks should be in different thic knesses as the following:
60mm, 80111111 , 100m l11 , 12 5mm ,140111m & in lengt h not 1110re tha n 280 mm"
The ot her dimcnsion depends on paving method & the dimensions of joint net, it is
preferable to be I meter determined to the nearest (mm) "
Deviation ill Dimensions :

• Di frerencc in length & ","idth ± 3 m111 "
• Di fference in thick.ness '" 5 I11Ill "
• It is unallowable to emerge a bulge Illore than 2 111m lor bricks in thickness not more tha n
80 mm & 3 mm for bricks in thi ckness more than 80 ll1111 "
FOllrt h: COll1press ive Strength

Average of c0111 prcssi\e strength for five bricks should not be less than 60 N/mm2 & any
re su lt should not be less than 50 N/mm 2 "
Reil/jlJrced COl/crete Fence Posts
(IQ.S 1687 / /992) •
Fi rs t: Classification
I-I Inknn cci iatc posts: to support reinCorccmcnt \\ires bctwccntension posts.
1-2 Tensi on pos ts: as ten sion tools in corners , eneis or in middle pos itions allover th e Cenee
length .
1-3 Strut pOSlS : fixed in inclined positi on to support tension pos ts.
1-4 Strut posts of gates : its dimensions should suil "ith ga tes .
Second: Reinforc emen t

2-1 Reinforcement details : it should be in accordance with I.Q.S ( 573 ) , In the cage form by
joining (4) steel bars fix ed by stirrups of ductile steel ofd iailleter not less th an (2.65 !TlIll).
the distance between the ir centres should not be more than ( 40 em ) .
2-2 Measurements of reinforcement bars: see tab le (1)
Third: Requirements
3-1 Dimensio ns : see table ( I)
3-2 Allowable tolerances:
a. Cross - section: - 4 mill + 6mm
b. Length: - 25mm + 50111111
c. Straightness : 0.5 %
Fourth: Cube compressive st rength

a. Should not be less than (26) N/l11n/ at 28 days age.
b. Should not be less than (17.5) N/ mll12 at 7 days age.
43
Table ( i ) Reinforcing of concrete fence posts
Posts t. struts
Intenncdiatc tension gates

Ileight • No.
Diamcter Diameter
~
g
;0
.~
v
~ -
;';j :::
of Gate in (I rnrn) length Gate in (6mm) length C E
~.-.
"- -
of wire (otal I dimensions of of ..c:
holes en
mesh post of base reinforcc-
Section reinforce- co :6 ~- <= ~
~ I
-o "- ,
ol)
for dimension ~ v -
length section mcnt steel ment steel Section Dia.Of Section Dia. Of 5-
linking
wires (mOl) (mm) (mm) (mm) dimension reinforcement dimension reinforcement
~
if,
;:;
"
(/l
~~ ~~I
(mm) steel (mm) (mm) stecI ( Illill )
0.9 3 1.55 100 x 100 100 x 100 6 1.5 75 " 75
1.2 3 1.85 1.8
75'100
..,.
..,.
1.4 3 2.00 2.00
6 125 x 125 8 150 x 150 12 6

85 x
125 x 125 125x 125 8 100
1.8 3 2.6 2.6
I
1.8
with
6 3.05 2.6
longing
arm
* In the ea,e of'using barbed wires (3) other holes should be added at the inclined upper part ol"post .
** Post lengths mentioned in the table above are suitable when they arc used in angle 45° & \vhen these lengths arc not suitable for site
conditions then they should be submitted to the agreement between (he buYer & the seller .
Water Used ill Concrete
(lQ.S 170311992)
First: Required Testes

Properties of water suitabk to use in concret e are as in the table helo\\ .
Reguired tests Specification limits mg/l Req u ired n_ll!l~ber __

Sulphates S0 3" 1000
Carbonates & bicarbonates 1000
• Chlorides 500
Sum of ions should not be For each resource of
Inorganic impurities water excep t
more than 3000 mgl I
drinkable water
Test is performed for
Organic impurities water \\'hich has
noticeable colour & smell
* To protect concrete steel from con'osion ; the lim its of chl orides in concrete should be calculateci
from cement weight as in the following table.
Max. limit of soluble chloride ion

Type
calculated from cement weight
Pre-stressed concrete 0.06 %
Rein forced concrete exposed to chlorides 0.15 %
Reinforced concrete, dry & protected 1.00 %
from moistme
Other reinforced concrete structures 0.3 %
45
•
•
Chapter 4
Ceramic
.specification
.:. Glazed Ceramic Tile for Internal Walls IQ.S 139211988

.:. Ceramic Unglazed Vitreous Acid IQ.S 16271 1991
, Resisting Tiles
.:. Ceramic Floor and Wall Tiles IQ.S 17041 1992
*Specification for Extruded Ceramic Tiles
With A Low Water Absorption E < 3% Group A
*Specification for Extruded Ceramic Tiles
With A Low Water Absorption Of 3% < E < 6%
Group A (2-1)
*Specification for Extruded Ceramic Tiles with
Water Absorption Of6<E < 10%
Group A (2-2)
46
•
•
Glazed Ceramic for Internal Walls
• (IQ.S) 139211988)
• First: Classes
-Class A: its flags are free from defect in a percentage exceeds 9S%
-Class B: its flags are free from defect in a percentage exceeds 80%
• Second: Dimensions and Tolerances
Length x width x Difference in length Difference in thickness
• thickness (mm)
100xlOOxS
and width (mm)
- 0.3
(mm)
+ O.S
F or all sizes
-0.3
lS0xlSOx6 ± O.S (mm2for one flag
+ 0.6
• 100x200x6.S
- 0.6
+ 0.8
and ± O.3(mm) for average
• Third: Requirements
3-1 Exte111al Appearance: as in the following table.
•
•
• f'
•
47
•
•
•
Defects Requirements
Only one with depth not exceed
Fracture in flag edge
Fracture in flag angle
1mm and length not exceed 15mm
One with depth not exceed 2mm •
Cracking in flag edges One crack with length not more
than Imm
Cracks on flag surface Not allowable
Stains, scratches and small holes Not clear
It is allowable for one unglazed
•
region to exist on flag edge with
depth not more than 2mm and its
Unglazed areas on flag surface
area doesn't exceed 25mm2 • It is
not permitted to exist on flag
•
surfaces.
3-2 Surface Flatness

•
3-2-1 Concavity and convexity: concavity should not exceed 0.13 mm and convexity should
not exceed 0.76 mm.
3-2-2 Warpage: should not exceed 20.5 mm. •
3-3 Water absorption: the average should not exceed 20% .
3-4 Transverse strength: should not be less than 8N/mm 2

•
3-5 Cracks of glazing layer: no crack is allowed.
•
3-6 Resistance to chemical materials: it is not acceptable to have any damaged flag exposed
to chemical materials.
•
•
48
•
• Ceramic Unglazed Vitreous Acid Resisting Tiles
(IQ.S 162711991)
• First: Appearance
1-1 Tiles should be free from deleterious materials and when tiles are ruptured its cross -
sections should appear as homogeneous, dense with fine grains. Tiles should be solid with
regular shape, flat and free from cracks and production defects.
• Second: Dimensions and Tolerance

2-1 Length X Width
A (l00 X 100) mm C- (200 X 200) mm
B - (150 X 150) mm D- (100 X 200) mm
• 2-2 Thickness: should be (10 or 12,20,25) mm

2-3 Tolerances in length, width and thickness should not exceed ± 2.5%
• Third: Requirements
Tiles should comply with the requirements shown in the table below:-
• Property
1- Verticality
Requirements
Space between the internal edge for the square and
the neighbour side of the tile should not exceed 1mm
for each 100 mm length through testing with steel
perpendicular angle
• 2- Deformations in
dimensions
( A) -+ 1.5mm
(B) -+ 2.0mm
(C) + 2.5mm
(D)+ 1.5 mm
• 3- Absorption
4- Compressive strength
20/0 as a maximum limit
70 N/mm 2 as a minimum limit
5- Flexural strength 20 N/mm 2 as a minimum limit
6- Acid resistance Loss in unit should not exceed 1.5%
7- Abrasion resistance -Average abrasion for tiles 2 mm as a max.
• -Max. limit of abrasion of one tile 2.5 mm.
•
•
49
•
•
Ceramic Floor and Wall Tiles
Specification for Extruded Ceramic Tiles •
with A Low Water Absorption E :;;3% group Al
(IQ.S 17041111992)
First: Dimension and Surface Quality
Extruded ceramic tiles should comply with physical and chemical requirements shown in •
the table below:
Table (1) : Tolerance in dimension and surface quality
Split Quarry
No. Property
1 Length and width
tile tile
•
- Deviation of average size for each tile ± 1.25 ±2
(two sides or four sides) from practical
Size.
- Deviation of average size for each tile
(two sides or four sides) from size
± 1.25 + 1.5
•
average for ten test specimens (twenty or
forty sides) (%)
2 Thickness: Deviation of thickness average for
each tile from practical thickness size (%)
±10 + 10
•
3 Sides straightness: largest deviation from ±-0.5 + 0.6
straightness according to practical sizes %
4 Verticality* : largest deviation from ± 1.5 ± 1.0
5
longitudinal according to practical sizes (%)
Surface flatness:
•
A- Tile centre curvature: represented by a ±0.5 +0.5
per~entage to diameter Iine that
calculated from practical size (%)
B- Edge curvature: represented by a
percentage to practical measured size
±0.5 + 0.5 •
(%)
C- Warpage: represented by a percentage to + 0.8 + 0.8
diameter line calculated from practical
6
size (%)
Surface quality.3c * 95% of tiles at least should be
•
free from visible and clear defects
that lead to deformation of
appearance for large area of tile.
*This test should not be applied on curved shape tiles.
** Simple changes in the tile colour caused by burning can not be avoided, and this cant not be
applied on the changes of the colour of extruded tile surface (glazed or un glazed or partially
glazed) irregular or unintended and also for changes on the colour of area of the tile in which the
colour change is special and desired property.
•
50
•
•
• Second: Physical Properties:
Physical properties of extruded tile in its two types: split and quarry are as mentioned
in table (2).
• Table (2): Physical properties
No Property Split tile Quarry tile

Should not be more -Should not be more
• 1 Absorption of water (in mass)%
than 3 as an average
nor 3.3 as an
nor 3.3 as an
individual result· individual result
Should not be more Should not be more
• 2 Modulus of rupture (N/mm2)

and should not be less
than 18 as an
and should not be less
than 18 as an
individual result individual result
3 Surface stiffuess for scratch (moh) .......
• A- glazed tiles
B- unglazed tiles
Not less than 5
Not less than 6
Not less than 5
Not less than 6
4 Wear resistance unglazed tile for
Should not be more Should not be more
deep abrasion (removed volume in
than 300 than 300
mm3
• 5 Modulus of linear thermal From 4X 10-6 to From 5XI0-6 to
expansion when boundary 8 X 10-6 13 X 10-6
temperature is raised to 100Co (k- 1)
•
I
51
t -
Ceralllic Floor And Wall Tiles
•
Specifications for Extruded Ceramic Tiles
with A Low Water Absorption of 3% < E < 6 ~6% group A (Ila)
(IQ.S 17041211992) •
First: Dimensions and Surface Quality:
Extruded ceramic tiles should conform to the requirements mentioned in the table below:-
Table (1): Tolerance in dimensions and surface quality. •

Split Quarry
No. Property
tile tile
1 Length and width
- Deviation of average size for each tile ± 1.25 +2 •
size.
- Deviation of average size for each tile + 1.0 + 1.5
(two sides or four sides) from size
average for ten test specimens (twenty or
•
forty sides) (%)
2 Thickness: Deviation of thickness average for +10 +10
3 Sides straightness: largest deviation from
straightness according to practical sizes (%)*
±-0.5 ± 0.6 •
4 Verticality: largest deviation from longitudinal + 1.5 ± 1.0
according to practical sizes(%)*
5 Surface flatness:
A-tile centr~ curvature: represented by a + 0.5 ± 0.5
percentage to diameter line that calculated
from practical size (%)
B-edge curvature: represented by a ±0.5 ±0.5
percentage to practical measured size (%)
C-war page : represented by a percentage to ±0.8 ±0.8
diameter line calculated from practical size
(%)
6 Surface quality ** 95% of Tiles at least should be
•
l
-
appearance for la~e area of tiles.
*
**
This test should not be applied on curved shape tiles.
Simple changes in the tile colour caused by burning can not be avoided, and this can not be,
.-
applied on the changes of the colour of extruded tile surface (glazed, un glazed or partially
glazed) irregular or unintended, and also for changes on the colour of area of the tile in which the
•
52
•
•
Second: Physical Properties:
• Physical properties of extruded tiles in its two types: split and quarry are as mentioned
in table (2).
Table (2): Physical properties
• No. Property Split tile Quarry tile

3<y< 6% as average 3<y< 6% as average
1 Absorption of water (in mass) % and 6.5 max. limit as and 6.5 max. limit as
a single result -a single result
• 2 Modulus of rupture (N/mm 2)
20 as average and 18 20 as average and 18
min. limit as a single min. limit as a single
result result
3 Surface stiffness for scratch (moh)
A -glazed tiles 5 min. limit 5 min. limit
•• . B-unglazed tiles 6 min. limit 6 min. limit
4 Wear resistance unglazed tile for
deep abrasion (removed volume in 393 max. limit 393 max. limit
mm 3
---
• 5 Modulus of linear thermal
expansion when boundary 10 X 10 -6 max. limit 12 X 10 -6 max. limit
temperature is rised to 100Co (k- 1)
Any visible defects or changes don't appear
• 6 Thermal shock resistance in visual test or by opticals in the case of

using.
Any crazing doesn't occur in it (appearance
7 *Glazed tile resistance to crazing
of fine hair cracks)
8 Freezing resistance Freezing resistant
•
* Crazing test can not be applied on the tiles that are used in decoration because some
ornamental action~ cause crazing.
•
•
'"-
•
53
•
•
Third: Chemical Properties:-
As mentioned in the table below:-
•
Table (3): Chemical for split and quarry tile.
No. Property Split tile I Quarry tile

1 Staining resistance: glazing tile class (1-3) Should be at least from
class 2 that the stain
could be removed by
using detergents
2 Domestic chemical material resistance and
swimming pool cleaners except the
cleaners that contain hydro floric acid and
its compounds.
A- Glazed tile from class a to e This test can be done
after determination of
glazed tile class that
resist the domestic
chemical materials
B-Unglazed tile. * No changes appear on

tile surface when visual
examination is done or
- by opticals in the case
of using.
* When light grading happen in a tile colour that is not because of the effect chemical
materials.
!~-
..
54
•
Ceramic Floor and wall Tiles
Specification for Extruded Tiles witll A Low Water
Absorption of6% <E < 10% GroupAllb
(IQ.S 17041311992)
First: Dimensions and Surface Quality

• Extruded ceramic tiles should comply with physical and chemical requirements shown in table
below:
Table 1 : Tolerance in dimensions and surface quality
Split - Quarry
No Property
• 1 Length and width
Tile Tile
- Deviation of average size for each tile ±2 ±2

size.
• - Deviation of average size for each tile for ± 1.5
each tile (two sides or four sides) from
± 1.5
size average for ten test specimens

(twenty or forty sides) (%)
2 Thickness: Deviation of average thickness for ± 10 "..... ± 10
• 3
*Side straightness: largest deviation from ±l ±1
straightness according to practical thickness
sizes %
4 *Verticality: largest deviation from longitudinal ± 1.5 ± 1.0
• 5
according to practical sizes (%)
Surface flatness:
A- Tile centre curvature: represented by a ± 0.7 ± 1.5
percentage to diameter line that
calculated from practical sizes (%)
• B- Edge curvature: represented by a ±0.7 ± 1.5
percentage to practical measured size
length (%)
C- Warpage: represented by a percentage to ± 1.0 ± 1.5
• diameter line calculated from practical

size (%)
6 **Surface quality At least 95% of tiles should be
• * Thls test should not be applied on curved shape tiles.

appearance for large area of tiles.
** Simple changes in the tile colour caused by burning can not be avoided, and this can not be
applied on the changes of the colour of extruded tile surface (glazed, un glazed or partially
• glazed) irregular or unintended, and also for changes on the colour of area of the tile in which the
55
•
.- •
Second: Physical Properties: .
Physical properties of extruded tiles in its two types: split and quarry are as mentioned
in table (2). •
Table 2: Physical properties
No. Property Split tile QU3:l!Y tile

•
Absorption of water (in mass) % 6<y:::; 10 as average 6<y< 10 as average
and not more than 11 and not more than 11
1
max. limit for single
result
max. limit for single
result •
Modulus of rupture (N/mmz) Should be 17.5 as an Should be 17.5 as an
average and should average and should
2
not be less than 15 for not be less than 15 for
Surface stiffness for scratch

a single result a sin~le result •
3 A-Glazed tiles 5 min. limit 5 min. limit
B-Unglazed tiles 6 min. limit 6 min. limit
4
Wear resistance unglazed tile for
deep abrasion (removed volume in
3
649 max. limit 649 max. limit
•
mm
5 Modulus of linear thermal
expansion when boundary 10 X 10 -6 max limit 10 X 10 -6 max limit
6 Thermal shock resistance

o
temperature rise to 100C (k-')
Any visible defects or changes don't appear in
•
visual test or b~ ~ticals in the case of using.
* Clazed tile resistance grazing There is no crazing (appearance of fine hair
7
8 Extention by moisture: unglazed
cracks)
0.6 max limit 0.6 max limit
•
tile (mmlm)
*Crazing test can not be applied on the tiles that are used in decoration because some
ornamental actions cause crazing. •
•
56:
•
• Third: Chemical Properties:
As in the table below.
Table (3) Chemical properties for splitted quarry tiles.
No property Split tile Quarry Tile

Staining strength: Glazed tile It should be at least within class (2)
1 class (1,3) where stains can-be removed by
• Swimming pool cleaners and

cleaners.
domestic chemical materials Class B as a Class B as a

resistance except the cleaners mmimum mimmum
that contain Hydrofluoric acid
It and its compounds.
·2 A- Glazed tile class (A) to
class (E). Pass the test
B- Unglazed tile. ...
•
If a light grading in the tile colour is noticed does not mean it happened due to the effect of
chemical materials.
•
It
It
It
•
57
Chapter 5
Clayey Products
•
•
Title Specification
• .:. Clay Building Bricks IQ.S 25 11988
•
.
58
I
I
Clayey Products
Clay Building Bricks
IQ.S 2511988
• First: Classes
Class A : used for structure parts and foundations loaded and exposed to
erosion because of climatic effects and for external walls exposed
• to erosion.
Class B: used for bearing structure parts un exposed to erosion or for
internal walls protected from moisture.
Class C: used for structure parts unexposed to climatic effects and
unloaded as partitions.
•
Second: General Appearance
The brick shape should be .regular with right angles and straight sides within the limits of
• allowable differences. If there is a crack or notch it should not cause weakness iIi the brick
properties and the notch should not be more than more 10% from the brick size. The brick
should be homogenous, good burning, free of gravel stone and lime knobs, the ratio of sound
and free of defects bricks should not be less than 90% from the consignment.
I
Third: Types and Dimensions of Bricks
1- Solid bricks free from hole and cavities with the dimensions (240x115x75)mm
2- Perforated Bricks: the ratio of holes should not be more than 250/0 from the total size,
with the dimension
• (240x115x75) mm.
3- Hollow Bricks: the ratio of holes should be more than 25% from the total size with the
dimensions.
(240xl15x75) 111m
•
Fourth: Tolerances
Maximum limit of tolerances
Length and width ± 30/0
I Thickness ± 40/0
Surface flatness 5 mm
59
•
I
•
Fifth: Compressive strength and absorption of water and efflorescence.
As mentioned in the table below:
•
Min limit of compressive Max. limit of Efflorescence.
2
Strength (N/mm ) absorption (%)
Class
Average of
10 bricks
Strength of
one brick
Average Absorption
ofl0 of one
(max. limit)
•
bricks brick
Class A 18 16 20% 22% Light
Class B 13 11 24% 26% Light
Class C 9 7 26% 28% -------- •
..
•
•
60
•
It
•
Chapter 6
• Rocks & Stones
•
Title Specification
• .:. Natural Building Stone IQ.S 1387 / 1989
•
•
•
61
•
Natural Building Stone
(IQ.S 1387 11989)
Marble
First: Classes
A- Calcium Carbonate (AI cal cite)
B- Calcium and Magnesium Carbonate (Dolomiet)
C- Magnesium Silicate (Serpentine Metal)
D- Lime Stone from Water Resources.
Second: Physical requirements *

t 2-1 Absorption (%) : should not exceed 0.750/0
2-2 Density (kg/m3): should not be less than
2600 Class A
2800 Class B
2700 Class C-
2300 Class D
2-3 Compressive strength (N/mm2): should not be less than 52 for the four classes.
• 2-4 Modulus of rupture (N/mm2): should not be less than 7 for the four classes.
2-5 Abrasion resistance (mm): should not be less than 1 for the four classes.
* Marble should be free from defects such as scaling, notching, crack or separation in
connection line on'the two sides of root or scar or any impurity effects on appearance,
• stiffuess, soundness of stone.
•
62
•
---------- -_._-_.__.._--_ ....
Natural Building Stone

(IQ.S 138711989)
Sand Stone:
First: Classes
A: Sand stone: the free silica ratio should not be less than 60%
B: Quartz sand stone: the free silica ratio should not be less than 90%.
C: Quartzite: the free silica ratio should not be less than 950/0.
Second: Physical Requirements.

2-1 Absorption (%): should not exceed 20% class A
3 % class B
1 % class C
3
2-2 Density (kglm ): should not be less than 2250 class A
2400 class B
2550 class C
2-3 Compressive strength (N/mm2): should not be less than

14 class A
70 class B
140 class C
2
2-4 Modulus of rupture (N/mm ): should not be less than 2 class A
7 class B
14 class C
2-5 Abrasion resistance (mm): should not be less than 1 for all classes.
63
•
• Lime stone:
First: classes
• A: Low Density (1760-2150 kglm3)
B: Moderate Density (2150-2500 kg/m3)
C: High Density (more than 2500kg/ m 3)
Second: physical Requirements. *

• 2-1 Absorption (%) should not exceed 12 class A
7.5 class B
3 class C
3
2-2- Density (kg 1m ) should not be less than 1750 class A
• 2
2150 class B
2550 class C
2-3-compressive strength (N/mm ): should not be less than 12 class A
28 class B
55 clasS-C
• 2
2-4- Modules of rupture (N/mm ): should not be less than 2 class A
3.5 class B
7 class C
2-5 Abrasion Resistance:(mm) should not be less than 1 for all classes
• * The lime stone should be solid, sound free from visible defect or masses which affect on
its appearance or strength.
• Granite
First : classes: Non
Second : physical requirements *
• 2-1 Absorption (%Y: should not exceed 0.4 .
2-2 Density (kglm3): should not be less than 2500
2-3 Compressive Strength (N/mm2): should not be less than 10 130

• 2-4 Modulus of rupture (N/mm2): should not be less than 10
2-5 Abrasion resistance (mm): should not be less than 1
• *Granite should be free from metals that lead to appearance of stains in normal conditions.
64'
•
•
•
Chapter 7
Water Proofing
•
Title Snecification
• +:+ Bitumen Felts For Water Proofing IQ.S 4/1988
&Damp Proofing
• +:+ Asphalt Sealer For Concrete Joints

Hot Poured ,Elastic Type
IQ.S 1110/1988
+:+ Joints Sealant, Hot Poured ,For Concrete IQ.S 1136/1988

• &Asphalt Pavement
+:+ Jet -Fuel-Resistant Concrete ,Joint Sealer IQ.S 1172/1988

• Hot Poured Elastic Type
+:+ Emulsified Asphalt Used As a Protective IQ.S 1173/1987

Coating For Built Up
• +:+ Asphalt Used In Proofing Roofs IQ.S 1196/1988
+:+ Preformed Expansion Joint Filler For Concrete IQ.S 1280/1988

• Paving & Sttuctural Construction
(Non-Extruding & Resilient Bituminous Type)
+:+ Concrete Joint Sealer ,Cold Application Type IQ.S 1288/1989

•
•
65
•
Bitumen Felts For Water Proofing And Damp Proofing
(IQ.S 411988)
First :Mass Components and Lengths Requirements

As mentioned in table (1) (
Table 1) Mass components and lengths of bitumen felts rolls (first type)
* c....
c.... Components mass per unit area gained
~
°~N
{/.l
°
...c:::
..... °~
{/.l
by analysis (gm/m2)
Felt class S S
_0- --5 S g Basic tissue Saturating Coating
et!
.-S ..... SS
_N -{/.l_
et!_ et! {/.IN
.EbbS .5 S d'-
..... ( min. limit) bitumen materials
S~ 0 S"- &painting (nominal)
zoo\
0:::::::::0
;... " - Z8
0::::::1 06
z~~ (min.limit)
a-I 14 10 or 220 190 540 450
(12.6) 20
a-2 16 10 or 260 220 630 450

-
{/.l (14.4) 20
-.....
{/.l
et!
0
.-
~
{/.l
;... a-3 18
(16.2)
10 or
20
330 180 770 450
a-4 25 10 470 400 1190 450

(22.5)
1350
38 mineral
10 470 400 1280 grams
{/.l
and
-~
0
B
34.2 , 250
""°
d
0
sand
IU
r:/J
* if standard roll width is 90 em
66
•
Second: Quality Requirements
As shown in table (2)
•
Table (2) :Quality requirements
Item no.
No. Test Requirements concernmg m
test
•
1 Cutting Cutting force for felts specimens in 2-6-2
force direction perpendicular to fiber
should not be less than (3.4) kN/m
from specimen width or (85) N for •
specimen and should not be less than
6 kN/m of fibers from specimen
width or 15N for specimen
2 Flexibility There is no crack with length more
than 5 mm
2-6-3 •
3 Thermal Asphalt should not melt 2-6-4
resistance
4 Loss on
heating
Loss on heating should not exceed
1.5%
2-6-5
•
5 Cracking No crack or tearing occurs when the -----
roll is opened on flat surface with a
temperature not exceeds 25 Co
•
•
•
•
•
67
•
•
Asphalt Sealer For Concrete Joints ,Hot poured, Elastic type
• (IQ.S 111011988)
First: Scope
This specification covers concrete joint sealer used in pavement ,bridges ,roofing by flags
• & other structures & it does not include the asphalt sealer concerning airport's runways or
lining of irrigation &drainage channels.
Second :Classification
This specification covers two classes of asphalt sealer differ m liquidity &joining
• requirements & comply with the others :-
Class a: used in road ,bridges &other similar works .
. Class b: used in roofing by flags.
• Third :General Requirements:

The asphalt sealer is a resilient &adhesive compound capable of effectively sealing joints
in concrete against moisture throughout repeated cycles of expansion & contraction with
temperature changes &that will not flow from the joint or be picked up by vehicle tires.
The material shall be capable of being melted by heating to turn into liquid consistency
• suitable for filling the joints.
Fourth :Physical Requirements

4-1 Pour point: shall be at least (11 CO) lower than the safe-heating temperature which is
the maximum temperature to which the material may be heated without
• exceeding the pennitted flow.
4-2 Penetration: at (25 CO) ,(150 g),(5 seconds) shall not exceed (9) mm.
4-3 Flow : shall not exceed (5 mm) at (60 Co ) for class A &not exceed (5 mm) at
(70 CO) for class B.
• 4-4 Bond :the sealer shall be tested at (-18 CO) for five complete cycles for class A&
(0 CO) for class B for five consequent cycles.
Appearance of a crack at any point over (6mm) deep, in the sealer or
between the sealer &mortar block , shall constitute failure of the test
speCImen.
• The depth of the crack shall be measured perpendicular to the side of the sealer.
At least two test specimens in a group of three representing a given sample of sealer shall
meet this requirement for bond.
• If the first set of specimens fails to meet the requirements for bond test then the test
should be repeated on a new set of specimens, provided the safe -heating temperature is
found to be more than (11 CO)higher than the temperature of material used in pouring the
bond test specimen that failed provided the temperature is found to be (11 CO)lower than
the temperature of the safe - eating temperature.
•
68
•
•
Joints Sealants, Hot Poured ,For Cncrete & Asphalt Pavelnent

•
(IQ.S 1136/1988)
•
Test Requirements
Penetration
Flow
Shall not exceed (9) mm at (25 CO),(150)g &(5)sec.
Shall not exceed (3)mm at (60) Co •
Bond Three specimens of sealant shall be tested at (-18CO)
for three complete cycles, appearance of a crack ,
separation ,or other opening that at any point is over
(6 mm) deep, in the sealer or between the sealer
&mortar block shall constitute failure of the test
•
specimen. The depth of the crack separation or
opening shall be measured perpendicular to the side of
the sealer showing the defect .All three specimens
must meet this requirement for bond. •
Resilience When tested at (25 CO) the recovery shall be a min. of
60%CO
Asphalt There shall be no failure in adhesion, formation of an
compatibility oily exudate at the interface between the sealant &the
asphaltic concrete, or softening or other deleterious
•
effects on the asphaltic concrete or sealant when
tested at (60 Co )
•
69
•
I
Jet-Fuel-Resistant Concrete ,Joint Sealer ,Hot Poured Elastic Type

I (IQ.S 117211988)
Test Requirements
Penetration before immerging Cone penetration shall not exceed
• (O.l)mm
Penetration after immerging
(120) at (25 CO) ,(15g) for (5 sec)
Cone penetration shall not exceed
(O.l)mm (155) at (25 CO) ,(15g) for (5 sec)
Penetration difference (0.1 )mm Penetration difference shall not
• Solubility (%)
exceed (25)between before & after
immerging
The gain or loss in weight on
soaking in test fuel shall not be
more than + 2%&there shall be no
• apparent defects during the soaking
period that affect the material as a
sealing compound
Flow(mm) Shall be not more than (30mm)
after (5h.) at (60CO) -
• Bond before immerging After three cycles at (-18CO), not
more than one specimen out of
three shall be considered failed if it
develops any crack ,separation ,or
• other opening in the sealing
compound or between the sealing
compound & the mortar blocks that
at any point is over (6mm)
deep ,measured perpendicularly to
• the side of the sealing compound
showing the defect
Bond after immerging(mm) After soaking in test fuel ,not more
than one of the three specimens
•
~
tested at (-18 CO) for three cycles

shall be considered failed if it
shows complete cohesive failure of
the material & the gross area of
bare concrete exposed on the face
• of anyone block shall not exceed
(1.6 cm 2)
•
70
•
•
Second: Bond Retest:
If the first set of specimens prepared in either of these bond tests fails to meet •
the requirements, the bond test may be repeated on a new set of specimens, poured
at a higher temperature, providing this does not exceed the safe-heating temperature.
•
Third: Safe Heating Temperature:
This is the maximum temperature to which the material may be heated &poured without
exceeding the permitted flow. It shall be at least (11 CO) higher than the manufacturer's •
recommended pour point temperature.
Forth: Octane Requirements:

•
Test Requirement
Octane number 100.00 + 0.1
Density at 20Co (g/cm 3)
Refractive index at 20Co
0.69193 +0.00015
1.39145+0.00015 •
Freezing point minimum degree C -107.422
Distillation: 50% (deg. C) increase 99.238±0.025
from 20% to 80% in thermal oven
(deg. C) as maximum. 0.02 •
•
71
•
•
• Emulsified Asphalt Used As A Protective Coating For Built Up Roofs

(IQ.S 117311987)
•
First: Physical Requirements:
• . I propert"1es 0 f emuISl·fiIed asplhaIt

PhlYSlca
First type Second type Third type Fourth type
Property Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.
limit limit limit limit limit limit limit limit
• One liter mass
(gm)
980 1040 1100 1140 980 1040 980 1080
Residual after 45 55 40 60 47 53 45 55
evaporation(%)
• Non-volatile
material residual
5 20 30 50 - 8 5 25
after burning
(90)
Water content 45 55 40 60 53 55
• (%)
Dryness/hour 24 24
-
24
-
24
- - - -
•
•
• ,
•
72
AspJzalt Used In Proofing
(IQ.S 1196/1988)
First: Physical Requirements:

Asphalt should be homogenous and free of water. Each type of the fourth types of
asphalt should satisfy the requirements mentioned in the table below:-
. I reqUlrements :tor asp.h a lt use d .mproo fimg

Phlyslca
Test Type one Type two Type three T)lge four
Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.
limit limit limit limit limit limit limit limit
Softening point 57 66 70 80 85 96 99 107
Co
Flash point Co 246 240 - 246 -
246
-
Penetration
at 0 Co 3 ---- 6 ---- 6 ---- 6 ----
at 25 Co 18 60 18 40 15 35 12 25
at 46 Co 90 180 ---- 100 ---- 90 ---- 75
Plasticity 10 - 3 2.5 1.5
- -
(elongation)
at 25 Co
Solubility in 99 - 99 - 99 - 99
trichloroethylene
Second: Proposal Inclination Limits as a Guide to Use the Four Types of Asphalt.
2-1 First type: this type has special properties such as; good adhesion, self healing, flow
effected relatively by surface temperature and used for a surface that its inclination
does not exceed 4 %.
2-2 The flow of this type is affected moderately by the surface temperature, so it is used
for surfaces which have inclination between 4%-12%.
2-3 The flow of this type is not affected relatively by the surface temperature, so it is used
for inclined surfaces which its inclination is between (8% - 25%).
2-4- Fourth type: The flow of this type is not affected by surface temperature, so it used
for inclined surfaces in the regions where the temperature is relatively high during all
the year with an inclination (16% - 50 %)
73
• Prejof1lled Expansion Joint Filler For
Concrete Paving &Structural Construction
(Non- Extruding And Resilient Bitulninous Type)
• (IQ.S 128011988)
First: Definition:
This product consists of preformed strips compressible material and has the ability to
• recover its shape after lifting the load .It is used to fill the expansion joints in concrete
pavements ,bridges & other structures. It is made of cane or other suitable fibers of a
cellular nature securely bound together and then uniformly saturated with asphalt or strips
formed from granulated cork securely bound together by a suitable asphalt binder and
• encased between two layers af saturated felt or two layers of glass- fiber felt.
Second: Requirements:
2-1 Resistance to handling: No deformation or breaking occurs by twisting and bending
• during transfer and use.
2-2 Compressibility: The load required to compress the test specimen to (50%) of its
nominal thickness shall be not less than (7 kg /cm2) and not more than (53 kg /cm2)if
the thickness of the specimen is (13 mm)or more
If the nominal thickness of the specimen is less than (13mm) then the compression of
• 2
not less than (7 kg /cm ) and not more than (87 kg /cm 2) will be permitted. The
sample after compression shall not show a loss of more than 3% of its original mass.
2-3- Recovery: the specimen shall have recovered to at least 70% of its thickness after (10
minutes) of releasing the compression load.
• 2-4- Extrusion: specimen extrusion shall not be more than (6.5 mm) from the concrete
surface when the specimen is compressed to 50% of its original thickness.
2-5- Asphalt content :percentage of asphalt shall not be less than 35% of ofthe joint filler
weight & it shall be uniformly distributed throughout the cross section of the material.
2-6- Water absorption: shall not be more than 15% by volume of specimen which has a
• specimen of (13 mm) or more, and 20% by volume of specimen which has a thickness
ofless than (13 mm).
2-7 - Weathering test :the filler is characterized with stiffness, disintegration resistance, or
separation of fibers when it is subjected to weather..
•
Third: Optional requirements.
3-1 Asphalt penetration: shall be between (25-100) measured in (decimals of mm)
when the temperature is (25) CO
• 3-2- Density: shall be not less than (0.304)gm/cm 3
I'
•
74
•
Concrete Joint Sealer, Cold Application Type
(IQ.S 1288/1989)
First: General Requirements:

I-I-The sealing compound shall be composed of one substance or more that are to be
mixed prior to application in order to obtain a homogenous preparation without heating or
with moderate heating in temperature not exceed 2SCo.
1-2- The sealing after curing shall be flexible with good ability to adhere concrete joint and
protect it from moisture through many consequence cycles of tension and compression.
The sealing should not flow from joints nor adhere with vehicle tires.
1-3- The sealing shall be capable to pour at 21 Co directly after preparing and it will be
useable to a period not less than one hour.
1-4- The sealing after curing shall adhesive with dry concrete.
Second :Physical Requirements

2-1- Penetration - The sealing compound, after curing at (25CO) and (150 g) for (5
seconds)shall have a penetration not greater than (23.5 mm).
2-2- Flow the sealing compound, after curing, shall show a flow not more than (5mm)
at (60CO).
2-3- Bond -bond test consists of five cycles of tension and compression at (-] SCO).
The development of a crack or separation over (6mm) deep at any point shall constitute
failure of the test specimen, the depth of the crack shall
be measured perpendicularly to the side of the sealer.
The sealing passes the bond test if two specimens at least in a group of three
specimens shall meet the test requirements.
Third: Sampling
Many refills should be chosen randomly from each consignment provided that the
number of specimens shall not be less than the cube root of the total number.
75
•
• Chapter 8
Asbestos Cement
•
Title Specification
• .:. Asbestos Cement Flat Sheets IQ.S 83/1999
.:. Corrugated Sheets and Fittings IQ.S 79/1999

• for Roofing and Cladding
.:. Asbestos Cement Pressure Pipes and Joints IQ.S 143/1990

•
•
•
•
76
•
•
•
Asbestos Cement Flat Sheets
(IQ.S 83/1999)
•
It is classified into two classes according to the minimum limit of the bending strength
• (see bending strength)
Second: Tolerance in Dimensions:

2-1 Tolerance in length and with: ± 0.4% and should not be more than 5mm.
• 2-2 Tolerance in thickness
Thickness (mm) Tolerance(mm)

3-5 ±5%
-
• 6-25 ± 10%
Note: the tolerance between maximum and minimum thickness of one flat sheet should not
be more than 100/0 from the maximum measured for the same flat sheet.
• Third: - Edges:
3-1 Edge straightness: - the tolerance should not be more than 2mm 1m from length and
width.
3-2: Edge squareness: tolerance should not be more than 3m/m
• Fourth: Bending Strength:-
Bending strength as min .limit (N/mm L )

• Class of plate
Loading in asbestos fiber Loading perpendicular to
direction asbestos fiber
1 20 28
2 13 16
• Fifth: Density "
Class of plate sheet Density as min .limit (kg/m';)
• 1
2
1600
1200
· ~
77
•
Corrugated Sheets and Fittings for Roofing and Claddillg
(IQ.S 79/1999)
•
First: - Classification
1-1 Acc ord'109 to t h e heIgl
. hto f wave
Class
Low waves
Nominal height for waves(mm)
15-25
•
Medium waves 26-45
Deep waves 46-60
Very deep waves Larger than 60
•
1-2 A ccor 109 to th'IC kn ess 0 ffl at sh eet
Type Thickness description
A Approximately constant thickness through out profile
width (perpendicular on flat sheet waves).
•
B Unifonnly changed between the upper and the lower
wave.
•
Second: Dimensions
2-1: Thickness
Thickness as minimum limit (mm) for two
Low waves
Class
types a,b
3.0
•
Medium and deep waves 5.0
Very deep waves 6.0
•
2-2: Tolerance in dimensions:-
Class
Tolerance in wave
length (mm)
Tolerance in wave
height (mm)
•
Low waves ± 1.5 ± 2.0
Medium waves ± 2.0 ± 2.0
Deep waves
Very deep waves
±3.0
± 3.0
± 3.0
±3.0 •
•
78
•
•
•
Third Rupture Loading
Class Minimum limit of rupture loading

• Low waves
(N for One meter width
1500
Medium waves 2000
Deep waves 4250
• Very deep waves 7400
Fourth : Density
• Should not be less than 1400 kg/m 3
Fifth : Water Bleeding.
• Very little moisture (should be pennitted to appear) on the lower surface of flat sheet but
sequence water drops should not be pennitted
Note :- This specification should not be applied on the un similar waved flat sheets sections
• nor on the short waved flat sheets that its long is less than 0.6m.
•
•
•
•
79
•
•
Asbestos - Cement Pressure pipes and Joints
(IQ.S 14311990) •
I-I First group
Class Test pressure (t.p)kg/cmL

•
200 6
400 12
600
800
18
24
•
1000 30
1100 12-18
1200
1300
12-18
12-18 •
1400 12-18
1500 12-18
2-1 Second group

Test pressure(tip)
•
Class
Nimmo! Kg/cm'
5 0.5 5
10 1.0 10
15
•
15 1.5
20 2.0 20
25 2.5 25
30 3.0 30 •
Second: Th e P ressure Relatlons
' h'Ip
,Nominal diameters (mm) 12& 12&
50-100
125-200
t.p
2
1.75
W.p
4
3.5
•
250-500 1.5 3.0
600-1000 1.5 2.5
1100-1500 1.5 2.5
•
Note
I-Values in the table above represent the minimum limit for pressure relationships.
2- b.p =bursting pressure
t.p = test pressure
*w.p =working pressure
•
80
•
•
• Third: Dimensions
3-1 Nominal diameter: it should be equal to the interior diameter of pipe.
3-2 Thickness: actual thickness should not be less than 8mm for all classes.
• 3-3 Tolerances in exterior diameter: for ends prepared at convection rings, tolerance in
exterior diameter should not exceed the values in the table below:-
• Nominal diameter (mm) Tolerance(mm)

50-300 + 0.6
350-500 + 0.8
• 600-700
800-1000
+ 1.00
+ 1.2
• 3-4 Tolerance in length: limited between (+5mm)to (-20)mm .
3-5 Tolerance in nominal thickness.
• Nominal thickness(mm)
Up to 10
Tolerance (mm)
+0.5
10-20 +2.0
• 20-30
More than 30
+2.5
±3.0
•
· -
81
•
• Chapter 9
Epoxy
•
Title Specification
• .:. Epoxy -Resin-Base Bonding ASTM C 881-90
System for concrete
•
· -
82
Epoxy-Resin-Base Bonding System for concrete
(ASTM C 881-90)
Physical Requirements:
t Table (1) shows the types & the requirements of Epoxy used for concrete bonding:
. 1 reqUirements 0f bon d'109 sys t em
T a bl e 1: Phlyslca
Epoxy type
Property
I II III IV V VI VII
1. Viscosity (Pa.s)
- Grade 1, max. 2 2 2 2 2 - -
- Grade 2, min. 2 2 2 2 2 - -
-Max 10 10 10 10 10 - -
2. Consistency, in (mm)
- Grade 3, Type V-I. 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 - -
- Grade 3, Type VII VI. - - - - - - -
- Thickness (1.6 mm) max. - - - - - 0 0
- Thickness (6.4 mm) min. - - - - - 1.6 1.6
• 3. Gel Time, (minutes), min.

4. Bond strength, min. (mPa)
30 30 30 30 30 30 30
- 2 days (dry cure) 6.9 - - 6.9 - 6.9 -

- 14 days (moist cure) lO.3 10.3 10.3 lO.3 10.3 - 6.9
5. Absorption (24h), max. % 1 1 1 1 1 - -
• 6. Temperature of thennal reflection (C )
0
- 7 days, min. - - - 49 49 - -
- 14 days, min. - - - - - 49 49
Passes
7. Thermal Compatibility - - - - - -
• 8. Linear shrinkage modulus at curing,
max, %
0.05 0.05
test
- 0.05 0.05 - -
Passes
9. Actual Shrinkage - - test - - - -
10. Yield strength by compression
• (mPa)
- 24 hours - - - - - 13.8 -
- 36 hours - - - - - - 6.9
- 48 hours - - - - - 41.4 -
• - 72 hours
- 7 days
-
55.2
-
34.5
-
-
-
6.9
-
55.2
-
-
13.8
-
11. Compressive modulus (mPa)
-mm. 1034 6.12 - 1379 1034 - -
- max. - - 896 - - - -
• 12. Tensile strength, 7 days (mPa), max.
13. Elongation at failure (%), min.
34.5
1
13.8
1 30
- 48.3
1
41.4
1
-
-
-
-
14. Touch strength (mPa), min.
- 2 days - - - - - 6.9 -
• - 14 days - - - - - - 6.9
83
•
•
•
Chapter 10
• Concrete Admixture
•
Title Specification
• .:. Concrete Admixture IQ.S 1431/1989
•
84
•
•
Concrete Admixture
• (IQ.S 1431/1989)
First: -Admixture Types

A : First type: it consists of five categories of admixtures, which may be used to modify one
or more property of concrete ;such as workability, the rate of setting and hardening and the
• strength.
B: Second type: it includes air- entraining.
Second: Requirements.
A: First type
• I-Performance requirement: as shown in table(l)
2-Homogeneity requirement: as shown in table(2)
B: Second type:
I-Performance requirement: as shown in'table(3)
2-Homogeneity requirement: as shown in table(2 )
• Table 1- A: Performance requirements of first type of concrete admixtures*
Admixture type
Property Normal Accelerating Retarding water
• Accelerating Retarding water
reducing
water
reducing reducing
Compaction factor decreasin~ is decreasin~ is increasing is increasing is increasing is not
relatmg to control not more t an not more t an not less than not less than less than 0.03
concrete mix ** 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03
• Initial setti9g time
more than
one hour or
one hour less
At least one
hour longer
(0.5 N/mm ) ~inal than that for than control
(3.5 N/mm) control mix
concrete mix
• Minimum
compressive
strength as a
percenta~e
from contro mix
• one days age

7 days age
125
- 90
-
90
125
125
-
28 days age 95 95 90 90 90
• *To identify each concrete mixture (A) and concrete mixture (B), you have to tum back concerning ""
method of testing admixtures to specification (as adraft No.2735)
** control mix is the required mix that doesn't consist admixture materials and manufactured in
the same conditions of the mix that contain admixture
• *** Initial setting time (under pressure 0.5 N/mm2) shall not be less than one hour without returning
to the control mix.
85
•
'-.' .
•
Tablel-B :Performance requirements for first typ~ of concrete admixtures

•
,-
' ..
Admixture type
..... : .. Property
A cce I erating Retarding Normal water Accelerating Retarding water •
reducing water reducing reducing
Compaction decreasing, is decreasing, is not decreasing ,is
factor to not more than more than 0.02 not more than
reference
mixture.
- 0.02 0.02
•
Initial setting time to be within more than one hour at least one hour
0.5 N/mm2 - - one hour of longer than
the control control mix
for 3.5 N/mm2

- -
mIX
to be within at least one hour
•
one hour of less than control
the control mIX
mIX
Minimum •
compressive
strength as a
percentage
from control mix
One day age --- --- --- 125 --- •
7 days age --- --- 110 --- 110
28 days age --- --- 110 110 110
•
Note:- Normal tolerance must be taken into consideration for strength of cubes test and the
permitted increasing of air content for concrete mixture that is used in test.
•
86
•
•
• Table 2: Admixture uniformity test requirements for type 1 and 2
Characteristi c Requirements
Dry material content For liquid admixture: to be
within 3%(mlm)*of the value
• stated by the manufacturer.

For solid admixtures: to be
within 5%(mlm) of the value
stated by the manufacturer .
• . Ash content ** To be within 1%(m/m) of the value

stated by the manufacturer
Chloride ion content To be within 5%(m/m) of the value
stated by the manufacturer or within
0.2%(mlm), whichever is the greater.
• Relative density For liquid admixtures; to be within
0.02 of the value the manufacturer
• * It means mass.
** Since admixtures that contain chloride give very different results in comparison with ash
content then this test and characteristic can be excluded for admixtures that contain more than
• 1% (mlm) of chloride ion.
•
87
•
•
Table 3: performance requirement for second type
characteristic requirement
•
Air content Air content for three consequent and
similar concrete mixtures is between 4-6
%, the test shall be done by one tester
and by one set of equipments. •
Setting time The average of mix time to reach to
2
penetration resistance of about 0.5 N/m
and 3.5 N/m 2 for two of concrete test
mixtures is within one hour from the
time of two control mixtures.
•
Relative density A:-The 3 days average saturated density
of the six cubes and four prisms from the
two test concrete mix shall not exceed 20
kg! m3from each other. •
B:- the 28 days average saturated density
of the six cubes from the two test
concrete mix is at least 50 kg! m3 less
than the six cubes taken from the two
control concrete mix.
•
Compressive strength The compressive strength average of six
cubes from the two test concrete mix
shall not be less than 70% from the
strength of the six cubes taken from the •
two control concrete mix when it is
tested at 28 days age.
Freezing and thawing The change of relative length for at least
three prisms out of four taken from test
concrete mix shall be not more than
•
0.05% after 50 cycles of freezing and
thawing.
•
•
88
•
•
• Chapter 11
Paint and Varnish
• Title Specification
.:. Putty for Use on Window Glass IQ.S 477

• .:. Red Oxide Linseed Oil Prim in Paint IQ.S 871/90
.:. Primin, Coat Zinc - Yellow Iron Oxide Ready IQ.S 877/88
• mixed
.:. Enamel, Alkyd, Gloss Air Drying, for Exterior and IQ.S 960/2000
Interior Surfaces
.:. Synthetic Resin Emulsion IQ.S 985/94
• .:. Paints and Varnishes Hammer Finish IQ.S 1047/84
.:. Red oxide Primer - Alkyd Resin IQ.S 1056/84
• .:. Decorative Paint for Interior use (Flat) IQ.S 1057/84

.:. Traffic, Highway, White & Yellow Paint IQ.S 1101/86
• .:. Black Bitumens Paints for Cold Application Type IQ.S 1257/88
.:. Decorative Paint Semi-gloss IQ.S 1506/89
.:. Hot - Applied Thermoplastic Road Marking
• Materials
IQ.S 1744/92
•
· -
89
•
Paint & Varnish
• Putty for Use on Window Glass
(IQ.S 47711987)
• First: Scop
This specification detennine the requirements of putty used to fit glasses on
metal, wood windows & to fill cracks & holes.
• Second: Basic requirements

As in the following table :-
Item Requirements Specification limits

• 1 General appearance
The material shall be a homogeneous paste free of
coarse substances & visible impurities.
The paste consists of oil extenders or suitable synthetic
resins in sufficient ratios to compound a paste meets
• 2 Structure with the requirements of this specification, the used solid
materials shall be free of impurities which have a grain
size increases (300) micron.
The paste after scrubbing shall be flexible, non adhesive
• 3 Use properties
with the hands & that make it easy to use with the knife
without breaking, cracking or crumpling & gives the
heighest grade of adhesion on the surface.
Penneability at (5 seconds) shall be not less than (2mm)
4 Setting grade
• 5 *Crushing & scaling
nor more than (12mm).
5-1 Surface crushing & The material should not show scaling or crushing
,
• scaling
5-2 Deep crushing for The material should not show deep crushing
scars
•
•
• 90
•
•
~m Requirements
*Crumpling
Specification limits
The material should not show crumpling.
7
81
* Adhesion loss
*Oil exudation
The material should not show adhesion loss.
The material should not show oil exudation.
•
9 *Form stability The material should not be flaccid or flow.
The paste should not harden or mass when it is stored in
10
Keeping &
storage properties
its un opened original containers for a period not exceed
three months in the normal environment temperature
•
conditions.
The material should be encased in suitable encasements
11 Encasing or according to the agreement between the concerned
parties. •
* The items (5,6,7,8,9) shall be tested at (60 CO )for 144 hr. + 4 hours
•
Third: Optional requirements:
Colour: less amount of pigment shall be used to give the material a suitable colour or
according to the agreement between the concerned parties.
•
•
91
•
• Red oxide - Linseed Oil Prilning Paint

( I Q.S 871 / 1990)
First: Scope
Red oxide priming paint includes linseed oil which is used as a basic paint for steel
• metals that do not expose to severe environment conditions. *
As in the following table
• Item Requirements Specification limits
The paint shall be free of shells, masses or any abnonnal
thickening .It should not show any precipitation or setting
• 1 Paint state in can for the pigment; otherwise it can be mixed to a homogenous
mixture & the paint should reserve its properties for a period
not less than 6 months from production date.
2 Odour The paint odour should be acceptable at any time of dryness.
Flow time Flow time should not be less than (30 sec.) for{50 ml) of the
• 3
(viscosity)
Appearance of dry
paint using Ford cup No.4.
The appearance of dry light layer of paint should be free of
4
layer surface defects such as wrinkling or graining.
Drying time
• 5 I-Surface dryness
2-Final dryness
Should not be less than 6 hours.
Should not be more than 24 hours.
6 Fineness of grind Should not be more than (50 micron)
The paint should be able to bend on a bar of 6 mm diameter
7 Bend test
• 8 Flash point
without cracking or crushing.
Should not be less than (35CO )when it is measured by Abel
closed tester.
The paint should be encased in suitable metal cans which
must not be affected by the paint components nor affect in it.
• 9 Encasing
It should be clean perfect sealed & about 95% of its size
filled with the paint.
• * The paint consists essentially of red oxide pigment (content Fe203 75% as minimum)
& linseed oil, extenders & aid substances for solubles in specific ratios.
•
92
•
•
Priming Coat Zinc - Yellow Iron Oxide
Ready Mixed •
(I Q.S 877/1988)
First: Scope •
It should include priming coat zinc - yellow iron oxide * mixable &
suitable to use for protecting steel structures from corrosion.
•
Second: Specific Requirements
As in table (1)
•
Table (1)
1 Colour
The colour should be yellow similar to the mixture of
lemonic yellow iron oxide & zinc oxide. •
The paint should not show any additional precipitation &
should be easy mixable to soft, homogenous state, free of
2 Paint state in can
coarse substances, suspended fines, shells or strange
substances. •
The paint should remain stable & homogenous for 48
3 Diluting stability hours when it is diluted with one part of suitable solvent
to five parts of paint.
4 Brushing ability
The paint should be brushed easy making a homogenous,
flat surface & it should not be fluid or flaccid.
•
The paint should be able to spread after diluting by
5 Spread, ability suitable solvent making a flat surface free of grains (the
6 Appearance
appearance of orange skin) or flow.
The dry paint layer should be regular, soft & free from
•
surface defects.
The paint layer should not show any cracking or
Elasticity &
7
adhesion
separation from the surface when it is bended on a bar of
6 mm dia. •
•
93
•
•

8 Submergence
resistance class(2)
• 8-1 Cold water The paint layer submerged in the water for 18 hours
resistance should not show any wrinkling or swelling after raising it
directly from the water & when it is tested after two hours
it should show a slight darkness (gloss loss) or flexibility.
• 8-2 Hydro The paint layer should not show any wrinkling or
carbonate solvents blistering when it is submerged in hydro-carbonate
resistance solvents for 4 hours nor be effected after drying in the air
for 24 hours when stiffness, cohesion & general
appearance is compared for non-submerged test sample.
The paint should not show any shelling during 48 hours
9 Shelling ability
when it is left in closed can filled into three-quarters.
The paint should reserve its original properties if it is kept
• 10 Storage ability in properly-closed containers at normal temperature for a
period not less than 6 months after production date.
•
* The paint should be classified as the following:
Class (1) Zinc yellow iron oxide paint (Alkyd synthetic resin - linseed oil
• 50/50 weight)
Class (2) Zinc yellow iron oxide paint (Alkyd synthetic Resins)
· -
94
•
Third: Physical & Chemical Requirements:
As in table (2) •
T a bi e 2 Phlyslca
. I & ch emlca
. I reqUlrement s
Item Requirements
Class (1) ** Class (2) ***
•
Pigment (% weight from the 53-61 40-45
paint) consists of:-
1-Zinc-yellow (min).
2-Iron oxide Fe203 (min.)
39%
18%
24%
37% •
3-Silicate extenders (max.) 29% 25%
1 14%
4-Zinc oxide (min) . 14%
90% 90%
5-Sum of percentages of
zin-yellow, zin-oxide,
iron oxide & silicate
•
extenders (min.)
2 Holder **** The holder The holder consists
consists of equal
quantities of
of mid urn,
modified linseed
•
weight from oil with essential
alkyd synthetic diluting & drying.
oil( calculated as
non volatile solid
substances) & •
raw linseed oil
together with
essential diluting
& drying.
•
2-1 Solid substances from the 55 40
hoMer, % weight from the
holder (min.) •
Non - unified water, %
3 1 1
weight from the paint (max).
•
•
95
•
•
• Item Requirements
Class (1) ** Class (2) ***
4 Coarse particles & shells,
% of retained on sieve 44
1 1
• micron related to pigment
(max).
5 Consistency (poise) 5.5-10 4-8.5
Weight for each litre, 1.5 1.25
6
(kg) (min.)
• 7 Dryness time, hour
a-by touch 1-4 0.5-2
b-final (max.) 24 16
8 Specular gloss 60° (max.) 60 40
• 9 Fineness of grind, micron
(min.)
40 40
10 Flash Point (pen sky ) Co
30 30
(min.)
•
** It is used for bridges & coarse steel structures in factories before installation or in
work site when a good resistance for corrosion effects is required.
• *** It is used for soft & clean steel surfaces for tools manufactured in factories like
railway carriages & it is used as a general paint for maintenance.
**** The holder for the two classes should be free of galvanic material & its
• derivatives. It may contain additional factors such as anti-oxidation & aid-
materials for perfuming.
•
i. -
I
96
•
Enamel, Alkyd, Gloss Air Drying for Exterior & Interior Surfaces
(IQ.S 96012000)
•
First: Scope
It includes suitable alkyd gloss paint to use on exterior & interior metal &
wood surfaces painted with suitable base paint.
•
As in the following table:
Item
1
Requirements
Paint state in can

Specification Limits
It should be free from shells, masses & any abnormal
thickening. It should not show precipitation or setting for
•
pigment & it can be mixed into a homogenous soft state.
It gives a homogeneous consistency easy to use with brush
2 Consistency
or sprayer after diluting it with suitable dilution.
(4.5-10) Poise at 25 CO using Rotoths equipment or
•
3 Viscosity
equivelant.
Darkness at The dry layer difference for paint should not be less than
4
5
dryness
Lead Content
0.90 for white & 0.95 for coloured.
It should not be more than 0.06% (by mass) for paint. •
Scratsh The paint layer should resist the scratch test weight which
6
resistance is about (1 kg).
The colour of dry fine paint layer should not change when
7 Stability for light
it's exposed to sun rays directly for 7 days & the colour
should not change from the colour of dry fine paint layer
•
for agreed specimen.
8 Water content It should not be more than 0.5 % (by mass) for paint.
9
10
Flash point
Softness
It should not be less than 25Co by closed Abel equipment.
It should not be more than 25 micron. •
11 Odour It should be acceptable at any time of dryness.
It should be brushed easy by soft brush & should dry into
Brushing
12 homogenous, gloss & soft layer free of flow & other
Property
surface defects.
It should be sprayed easy after diluting it with suitable
•
Spraying dilution. The dry fine paint layer should be free of flow,
13
property dust ,thickening, colour floating on surface & the
14 Dryness time
appearance of orange skin.
•
14-1 Surface dryness (1-5) hour, max.
14-2 Solid dryness should not more than 18 hours.
•
97
•
•
• Item Requirements Specification Limits

The appearance of dry paint layer should be gloss, free
of flow, grains, wrinkling, cracking, gaps or any other
15 Appearance
• defects, the appearance should not be less than the paint
layer for agreed specimen.
The colour after 48 hours from the paint process should
16 Colour comply with the required colour or the colour of fine
paint layer for agreed specimen.
• 17 Gloss (in angle 60°)
It should not be less than 80 unit after 7 days from
paint.
It should be able to paint again after 24 hours on the
18 Repaint first fine layer paint without deformation of the first
• Flexibility &
layer.
The paint layer should be able to bend on a bar of
19 (3mm) diameter without cracking or breaking & it
adhesion
should be adhesive on surface.
a-The paint should show a resistance concerning
• the reserve of the colour, the general appearance
& the influence of water colour.
Distilled water
20 b-The gloss for fine layer should not be less than
resistance
90% in angle 60° from comparison plate.
• c-The paint layer should not show wrinkling or
blistering.
The paint should preserve its original properties for a
21 Storge property
period not less than one year from production date.
The paint should be encased in standard metal cans
• 22 Encasing
which are not affected by the container contents nor
affect in it & it should be clean, soundness, properly
sealed & filled into 95 % of its size with paint.
•
98
•
Synthetic Resin Elnuision
(/ Q.S 985/1994) •
First : Scope
It includes synthetic resin emulsion used on interior & exterior surfaces for
buildings.
Second: Requirements •
As in the table below:
Item Requirements
Class (1) * Class (2)**
1 Paint state in can
The paint should be homogenous free of solid
masses, shells & bad & agitated smells.
•
The paint should be able to use easy by brush
2 Facility of use when we paint with tin for the second time after
24 hours of the paint of the first layer.
The paint should be free of masses, shells, •
3 Stability for heat precipitation or any clear damage & it should be
able to lighten & paint.
4 Dryness time During two hours -
5 Appearance of paint layer
It should be soft, dark & have a gloss of egg shell,
it should be free of other undesired properties.
•
Difference ratio (for
6 0.9 minimum 0.93 maximum
white & weak colours)
7
Property of water
It should not show abnormal
changes like wrinkling &
-
•
resistance blistering during the submerging
in water for 96 hours
It should bear 500 cycles by 300 cycles by
8 Washing ability
9 Optional requirement
brush brush
•
9-1 Colour The colour should be in accordance with the
producer colour card or according to the
, agreement.
9-2 Alkali resistance There is no change in paint layer or any
undesired property like blistering, cracking,
•
shelling softening or gaps (head pin) during:
48 hours 18 hours
10 Encasing
The paint should encase in metal containers which
are not effected by the paint compounds nor effect
•
on it & fill into 95% from its size by paint.
* The paint is classified into two classes:
Class (1): for exterior use.
Class (2): for interior use. •
99
•
• * Paints & Varnishes Hammer Finish
(LQ.S 1047/1984)
First: scope
• It includes the gloss hammer finish paint used in metal & prepainted
surfaces by suitable base paint.
• Second: Requirements
As in the table below.
It should be free from shells, masses or any
• 1 Paint state in can
abnonnal thickening. It should not show a
precipitation or setting of aluminium paste &
it could be easy mixed to a homogenous soft
state.
2 Odour Acceptable
• 3 Appearance
The dry layer appearance should be gloss &
grained (the appearance of hammer rap).
Accoding to the agreement between the
4 Colour concerned parties.
• 5
Dryness period
a-Surface dryness 30 minutes (max).
b-Solid dryness. one hour (max).
When diluting the paint should remain
6 Dilution stability homogenous and does not show any
• 7 Viscosity
coagulation, precipitation or separation.
95-110 seconds at 25 Co.
8 Flash point Not less than 30 Co.
The covering ability of paint should be good
• 9
Covering ability
(Hiding power)
or the wet hiding power of paint should not be
less than 90% from the sample agreed between
the concerned parties.
It should be able to bend on a bar of (6mm)
10 Bending ability
diameter without cracking or breaking.
• 11 Surface defects
The dry fine paint layer should be free from
surface defects like freezing, blistering &
pitting.
• * Should show the hammer rap.
• •
100
•
Red Oxide Primer -Alkyd Resin
(/ Q.S 1056/ 1984)
•
First: Scope
It includes the red oxide primer - alkyd resin used as a primer paint •
for steel metals which are not exposed to severe environment conditions.
As in the table below
•
It should be from shells, masses or any
abnormal thickening. It should not show
•
1 Paint state in can precipitation or setting of pigment otherwise it
could be mixed easy into a homogenous soft
state.
2 Odour It should be acceptable at any time of dryness. •
The paint should be able to use by brush & by
3 Paint & spray property
spray after diluting it with suitable solvent
It should be free from surface defects like
4
graining & wrinkling. Its appearance should
Appearance of dry layer not be less than the appearance of fine paint
•
layer prepared in the same style & time from
the agreed sample.
It should be soft, un gloss or semi - gloss,
adhesive to the surface, free from defects like
•
5 Fine layer graining, wrinkling & flow. It could be painted
after 24 hours with suitable perfect gloss paint
,
6 Dryness time
a-Surface dryness
in order not to lift it or bleed its colour.
•
Two hours (max.).
b-Solid dryness 24 hours (max.)
7 Fineness of grind Should not be more than 50 micron.
8 Bending ability
The paint should be able to be bended on a bar
of (6 mm) dia. without cracking or breaking.
•
•
101
•
•
•
The paint should not be affected by water
• 9 Cold water resistance during submerging for 18 hours & should not
show whitening for paint layer.
10 Viscosity 3.5-5 poise at 25 Co using Rotothus equipment.
It should not be less than 35 C 0 when it is
11 Flash point
• 12 Volatile materials
measured by closed Abel equipment.
40-45% by weight.
13 Red oxide pigment Should not be less than 25. %
14 Covering ability The hiding power for paint should be good.
• 15 Consistency
The paint by hand turning gives suitable
homogenous consistency easy to use by brush.
The paint should be encased in suitable metal
containers which are not affected by the paint
• 16 Encasing compounds nor affect on it, the containers
should be clean closable & fill into 95 % from
its size.
• .("
•
102
•
Decorative Paint for Interior Use (Flat)
(I Q.S 105711984) •
First: Scope:
It includes flat ready paint which dries in the air (accept water emulsions) for
interior use as a final paint on metal, wood, sealed gypsum walls, & similar materials •
painted with base paint or prepainted.
Second: Chemical Requirements: •

Table (1): Chemical requirements
1
2
Volatile materials
Un unified water
Not more than 40 % (m/m).
Not more than 2 % (m/m).
•
Third: Physical Requirements
•
T abl e (2) PhlYSlca
. I reqUirement
The paint should be free from masses, dry
1 Paint state in can precipitated substances & shells. It could be
mixed easy into homogenous state.
•
When two closed containers are stored at
25 =+= 2Co one for 30 days after receiving & the
2 Stability at storage
another for 12 months after receiving, in both
cases; the paint should not show any un
•
removable shells, masses, solid precipitation or
calcification. The paint should be able to be
, spread easy by scraper into homogenous state.
Th colour & appearance of dry paint layer
should comply with the colour & appearance
•
3 Colour & appearance
determined by the purchaser.
The paint dries into soft ,regular layer free
4 Dry layer appearance from graining, colour separation or any another •
defects on the surface.
•
103
•
•

Dryness time
5 a-Surface dryness 2 hours (max).
b-Solid dryness 16 hours (max).
• 6 Fineness of grind Should not be more than 65 micron.
The paint layer should not break when it is
bend on a bar of (13mm) dia .after leaving the
• 7 Flexibility
layer:-
a-for dryness, air (48 hours).
b-for industrial aging; 70 Co (24 hours).
• 8
Resistance of colour
changing
The paint layer should not change when it is
exposed continuously to UH ultraviolet rays
for 96 hours .
The paint has a bright directional reflection
9 White paint reflection (according to MgO) should not be less than
• 80% at the two angles 0°, 45° at day light.
The paint should not show an increased
10 White paint yellowing yellowing.
11 Specular gloss at 60°, 85° Should not be more than 10 units.
• a-should not show defects on the paint
layer.
Resistance of gloss b-The specular gloss values should not
12
changing differ more than 4 units within the
• specular gloss limits.
It has a wet covering power (m2/Iitre)
13 Covering power for paint according to the paint colours mentioned in the
specification as a minimum (table No.5)
•
;
• 104
•
•
Forth: Using Properties
Table (3) Using properties •

The paint should be mixable when (4) sizes of
Dilution by mineral
it is diluted with (1) size of mineral spirit
1
spirit
(ratio of aromatics compounds 12-18%)
The paint should show good flow & spreading,
•
brushing facility & after the dryness; the paint
2 Brushing property layer should be free from flow, flaccidity &
not show a pigment floating different colours
or any other undesired properties.
•
The paint should have good spraymg
properties & not show any tendency to flaccid
3 Spraying property or flow & the orange peal effect should not
appear (when the percentage decided by the
producer is used) .
•
•
Table'(4): Optional requirement
Item Requirement Specification limits

1 Shelling resistance Does not show any effect of shell .
The residual percentage on the nominal sieve
•
Shells & coarse
2 opening of (15 micron) should not be more
particles
than 0.1 % (mlm)
3 Con~istency The paint viscosity should be (4 - 6) poise.
It should be easy to use, flowable, with good
•
Paint properties by adhesive, does not show floating or any other
4
roller undesired properties according to wet & dry
paint layer.
•
•
105
•
Fifth: Optional Requirements.
• Table 5: Reflection requirements & wet covering power for each colour
1 2 3 1 2 3
Wet
• Colour Reflection %
Covering
power m 2/1
Colour Reflection %
Wet covering
(min.)
2
power m /1
(min.)
White 7.2 Videt:
• Black 28.6
Very light
Light & mid-
dark
More than 60
60-20
8.2
15.3
Blue: 8.2
15.3
Very light More than 60 Dark Less than 20
• Light 5-60 10.2
~
Mid-dark -14 10.2
Dark Less than 5 12.3 V n60 10.2
Light 35-60 12.3
Green: Mid-dark 15-34 16A
• Very light
Light
More than 60
20-60
8.2
12.3
Dark Less than 15 20A
Mid-dark 5-19 14.3

Dark Less than 5 18A Straw yellow
• Yellow:
Very light More than 70
Light
Dark
65 & more
Less than 65
8.2
9.2
Light 60-70
Mid-dark 50-59 Beige
Light yellow
• Dark Less than 50 & similar
colours
More than 50 8.2
Orangish: Beige, meaty

Light 25 & more 7.2 Rocky & 35-50 10.2
similar colour
• Dark
Red:
Light
Less than 25
10 & more
6.1
6.1
Dark Less than 10 7.2 Light coffee,
10-34 14.3
Crimson red Less than 5 4.1 Meaty, rocky
• Coffee
Iron oxide
Less than 10
Less than 10
20A
20A
Rose:
Light 50 & more 7.2
Dark Less than 50 8.2
•
• 106
•
Traffic, Highway, white & Yellow Paint

•
(/ Q.S.1101 11986)
First: Dimension
It consists of types of suitable traffic*, highway paint for vehicles used on
surfaces made from cement, concrete asphalt, unglazed brick, highways, tunnels •
and parks.
Second: General Requirements

•
..
T a hI e 1 G enera I reqUlremen t s
Item Requirements Type (1) T)'pe (2) Type (3)
1
Pigment (%m from paint)
- White (min) 60 50 57 •
- Yellow (min) 60 54 57
Non volatile materials for holder
2 42 31 41
( %m from holder) (min)
3
4
Consistancy (poise) at 25°
Specific gravity (min)
5-7.8
1.5
5-7.8
1.5
5-7.8
1.5
•
5 Dryness period (minute) (max.) 60 30 15
6 Fineness (micron) (max.) 65 65 65
7 Ununified water (%m from paint) (max.)
Darkness **
1 1 1
•
8 White (min) 0.86 0.86 0.86
Yellow (min) 0.9 0.9 0.9
9 Coarse particles (% pigment) ** (max.) 1 1 1
•
* Type (l): Alkyd, type (2) pheneltoloyn Butadin, type (3) chlorinated
plastic - Alkyd.
,
* * The tests are done according to agreements between concerned parties.
•
•
107
•
•
• Third: Quality Requirements
Table (22 Quality requirements

Item Requirements Type (1) I Type (2) I Type (3)
The paint should not show strong precipitation
• 1
Conditions during can
in its original cans & it could be scattered easy
by moving tool into homogenous state & there
openmg
is no trace for curdling, livering, skinning or
colour separation.
The paint should not show skinning during 48
• 2 Skinning
hours in its original well-closed cans.
The paint should not show any trace of
separation chalking or precipitation during the
3 Stability during dilution
dilution of (8) sizes of the paint with (1) size of
• - 4 Spraying properties
suitable solvent.
The paint has good spraying properties when it
is used after diluting with suitable solvent.
a- the fine paint layer has soft appearance free
of coarse grains, deformation & other surface
• 5 Appearance
defects.
b- The paint should not show lines with
different colour or separation when it is put
on clean dry glass.
The paint layer should reserve its original
• 6 Appearance after aging colour except a slight changing in colour when
aging for (300) hours.
7 Flexibility & adhesion
breaking or separation from surface.
• 8 Water resistance elasticity, blistering, adhesion loss or any
trace of damage except a slight loss of gloss.
9 Abrasion resistance
9-1 F or grilled layers The paint can not be removed by less than
- white 35 litres from sand
• 9-2
- yellow
F or accelerated layers
30 litres from sand
the paint can not be removed by less than 75%
from the sand used to remove grilled layer for
white & yellow paint.
• 10 Encasing
The paint should be encased in suitable cans
which are not effected by the container
contents nor affect on it. The cans should be
clean, sound, tightly sealed & filled into 95%
from its size by paint.
•
108
•
•
Black Bitumens Paints for Cold Application Type *
First : Scope
(I Q.S 125711988)
•
This specification covers black bitumen for cold application type without
pigment or filler which will be used by brushing, spraying or by dipping process so it
become an affective coating for the protection of iron & steel.
The material may also be used to cover substrates other than iron & steel for
protection, water proofing and protection from other weather conditions.
•
Second: Requirements: as in the following table.
•
1 Consistency
First type It is suitable for application either by brushing
or by spraying after homogenizing it by a slight
moving or dipping after diluting it according to
•
producer instructions.
Second type It is suitable for application either by brushing
or by spraying after homogenizing it by a slight
movmg. •
If the material is to be diluted, white spirit only
should be used for diluting.
The paint surface should be dry in not more than
2 Drying time
24 hours.
The paint shall remain completely adherent to
•
the substrate, free from blistering. The surface
3 Protection against corrosion
shall show no signs of corrosion when the paint
is removed with a paint remover.
The paint shall show no signs of cracking, •
4 Bend test separation of the paint layer by using a bar of
(6mm) dia.
The paint shall yield not more than 50% by
5 Volatile'matter
mass of volatile matter. •
* It is divided into two types:
a-First type: for general purposes.
b-Second type: for drinking water tanks. •
•
109
•
•
• Item
6
Requirements
Classification of danger
according to flash point
• a- First type ** a- The paint shall not flash at any temperature

below 32°C for class (a).
b- The paint shall not flash at any temperature
below 22°C for class (b).
b-Second type The paint shall not flash at any temprature
• below 32°C.
The resultant paint layre (as a single coat or as

two coats) shall be smooth, opaque &; lustrous
7 Finish
• black, free from sags or runs or other surface
imperfections.
Water in contact with a dried layer of the paint
shall not acquire an unpleasant taste, shall not
show the presence of dissolved phenols, & shall
• 8 Effect on water not acquire more than (5) Hazen units of colour.
By agreement between purchaser & vendor the
assessment of taste may be made comparison with
an agreed sample.
• 9 Storage properties
The paint, when stored in the original sealed
containers at normal room temperature, shall
retain the properties for a period of not less than
one year from the date of delivery.
•
** The first type of paint is divided into two classes a & b differs from each other in
the flash point.
•
• 110
•
Decorative Paint Semi-gloss
(IQ.S 150611989)
First: Scope
•
This specification covers a semi-gloss & an egg shell gloss alkyd paint for
using on wood, metal for interior & exterior surfaces painted with suitable base paint.
•
A' h fi 11'
s m teo owmg tabl e
The paint shall be free from shells, masses or any
abnormal thickening, it should not show any
•
Paint condition in
1 precipitation or setting for the pigment; and it
container
could be mixed easy into homogenous, smooth
state.
It gives a homogenous consistency easy to use by •
2 Consistency brushing or spraying after it is diluted with
suitable diluent.
(6 8) Poise at 25°C by using Rotoths equipment
3
4
Viscosity
Fineness of grind
or equivelant.
Should not be more than 40 micrometer.
•
5 Odour It should be acceptable at any time of dryness.
It should be able to brush easy by soft brush &
6 Brushing property dried into smooth, homogenous layer free from
sagging & other surface defects. •
It should be able to be sprayed easy after diluting
7 Spraying property it by suitable diluent. The dry paint layer should
be free from sagging & colour floating on surface.
8 Drying time
- Surface drying 2 hours (max.)
•
- Solid drying 18 hours (max.)
It should be able to paint again after 24 hours from
9 Repainting the first fine layer without deforming of the first
layer. •
The dry fine paint layer should be able to bend on
10 Flexibility & adhesion a bar of (3mm) diameter without cracking or
breaking & it has good adhesion on the surface.
The contrast ratio for the dry layer should not be
less than 0.95 using a paint layer of (75 4
•
11 Dry covering
micrometer) thickness on morist paper for
covering by using opaque equipment.
•
III
•
•

12 Specular gloss a- (40 - 70) unit, after 48 hours.
(with 60° angle) b- (40 min.) unit, after 168 hours.
• 13 Storage property
c- (15 - 40) unit, for the egg shell gloss pint.
The paint shall reserve its original properties for a
period of not less than one year from the date of
production.
14 Encasing The paint should be encased in suitable containers
• which are not effected by paint nor affect in it & it
should be properly sealed sound & filled into 95 %
from its size by paint.
•
112
•
Hot - Applied TheTlnoplastic Road Marking Materials
(IQ.S 174411992) •
First: Scope
This specification covers white, yellow & black colours of road marking materials
used by thickening & spraying as superimposed layer for center lines, edge lines &
the like. •
As in the following table
1
Binder (synthetic resin
& oil)
20 +2 ( % by mass from the total mixture) •
20 % ( by mass from the total mixture) during
2 Solid glass balls (min.)
usage.
Aggregate with pigment,
3 extender & solid glass
balls
80 + 2 % by mass from the total mixture •
4 Softening point Should be not less than 65°C
Luminance Factor As received After remelting
5
a- white
b- yellow
70 (min.)
50 (min.)
65 (min.)
45 (min.) •
c- black - 10 (max.)
Heat stability
a- white Luminance factor as received or after
6
remelting for usage should be not less than 65
after performing the heat stability test.
•
b- yellow Luminance factor as received or after
remelting for usage should not be less than 45
after performing the heat stability test.
Should not be more than 25% expressed as a •
7 Flow resistance material slump average (white & yellow) as
received or after remelting for using.
, It should not be less than 45 for road marking
8 Skid resistance
material (white or yellow) as delivered or
after remelting for usage & should not be less
•
than 55 for black material.
The material should be encased in suitable
9 Encasing
containers which are not effected by the
container nor affect on it & it should be clean, •
well closed & the material weight in the
container should not be less than 20 kg nor
more than 110 kg.
•
113
•
•
• Chapter 12
Reinforcement Steel
•
• Title specification
.:. Deformed and Plain_Billet- Steel for ASTM A615-86

• Concrete Reinforcement
.:. Carbon Steel Bars for the Reinforcement BS4449-1988
of Concrete
•
•
114
•
•
• Defonned and Plane Billet - Steel Bar for Concrete Reinforcement

(ASTM A 615-86)
• First: Tensile:
As mentioned in table (1)
· ,
.
T a hie 1 T enSI"Ie reqUlremen t s fjor s t eeIbar fjor concret e rem
Tensile requirement
Class400
Class
"fjorceme nt
Class300*
Tensile strength min.(mPa) 600 500
Yield strength min. (mPa) 400 300
• Elongation for guage length
(200 mm) min(%).
Bar diameter
10 9 11
• 15,20
25
9
8
12
-
30 7 -
35 7 -
-
• 45,55 7
* Bar of class 300 made only for diameter from 10 to 20 mm
•
115
•
•
•
Second: Bending
•
Table 2: Bending requirement for concrete reinforcement
Bar diameter
Support diameter for bending test* •
Class400 Class300
10,15 3.5 D **3.5D
20
25
5D
5D
5D
•
30,35 7D
45,55, (90 0 ) 9D
•
* Bending test at 180 0
except what is mentioned otherwise.
D* *: Nominal diameter of specimen.

•
•
116
•
•
Third: General Appearance, Density, and Diameters, Elongation:
• As mentioned in table (3)
Table3:Requirements of general appearance, density ,diameters, and elongation of

• steel bar for concrete reinforcement
Deformed bar designation no. Nominal Masses, Nominal Dimensions ,and Defonnation Requirements
Nominal dimensions Deformations requirements
Max. limit Min limit Max. gap
• Bar
SIze
Nominal
mass
Diameter
Section
area
Circumference
for the
distance
for average
height of
(sector for
12.5%from
* (kg 1m) (mm) (mm)
(mm2) between deformations nominal)
deformations circumference
• 10 0.785 11.3
16.0
100 35.5
50.3
7.9 0.45 4.4
6.3
15 1.570 200 11.2 0.72
20 2.355 19.5 300 61.3 13.6 0.98 7.7

• 25 3.925 25.2 500 79.2 17.6 1.26 9.9
30 5.495 29.9 700 93.9 20.9 1.48 11.7
• 35 7.850 35.7 1000 112.2 25.0 1.79 14.0
45 11.775 43.7 1500 137.3 30.6 2.2 17.2
• 55 19.625 56.4 2500 177.2 39.4 2.55 22.2
• * The nominal size gives approximate nominal bar diameter in (mm)
**Compare the nominal dimensions of defonned bars equivelant to the smooth bars
depending on the equal mass for the two types of bars.
•
117
•
•
Carbon Steel Bars for the Reinforcement of Concrete
(B.S 4449/1988)
•
First: Sizes
Table 1: Nominal sizes for reinforcement steel bars. •

Class(N/mml) Nominal size (mm)
250 8,10,12,16
460 8,10,12,16,20,25,32,40
•
-When a bar smaller than 8mm is to be used, the recommended size is 6mm.
- When a bar larger than 40 mm is to be used, the recommended size is 50mm.
•
Second: Nominal Cross- Sectional Area and Mass:
•
Table 2: Cross- sectional area and mass for steel bars
Nominal size(mm) Cross-sectional area (mm2) Mass per meter length(kg) •

6 28.3 0.222
8 50.3 0.395
10 78.3 0.616
12
16
113.1
201.1
0.888
1.579
•
20 314.2 2.466
25 490.9 3.854
32
40 -
804.2
1256.6
6.313
9.864
•
50 1963.5 15.413
•
118
•
•
Carbon Steel Bars for The Reinforcement of Concrete
(B.S 4449/1988)
• The tolerance in the mass should be as mentioned in it table (3)
Table 3: Tolerance in mass.

• Nominal size (mm) Tolerance in mass per unit length (%)
6 ±9
8-10 ±6.5
12 ±4.5
•
Third: Chemical Composition:
• Table 4: chemical composition of steel grades
Nominal section(mm) Section area (mm:!) Mass per unit length
• Carbon
Sulfur
Phosphor
0.25
0.06
0.06
0.25
0.05
0.05
Nitrogen 0.012 0.012
•
Fourth: Tensile Requirements:
The tensile strength requirements for bars should be as mentioned in table (5)
• Table 5: tensile requirements for steel bars for reinforcement of concrete
class Characterized tensile strength Min. limit for elongation(%)*

2
N/mm
• 250
460
250
460
22
12
* For standard length equals to five times the bar diameter.
•
119
•
•
Fifth: Bond and Deformations: Requirements for deformation should be as follows:- •

Type I: A plain square twisted bar, the distance between cycles of twist should not be
greater than 14 times the nominal size of the bar.
Type II : A deformed bar with transverse deformations at uniform spacing not greater
•
than 0.8 times the nominal bar size for the hot drawn steel and 1.2 times the
nominal bar size for the cold drawn steel.
* The increasing in the deformations area should not be less than 0.15 times the nominal •
bar size (mm2/mm) .
Sixth: Bending
The bars should pass the bending test in 180°, and the rebending test.
•
•
120
•
•
•
Chapter 13
Road Works According to Standard
• Specification for Roads & Buildings
•
Title S~ecification
• .:. Earth Works

.:. Soil Cement Stabilized Subgrade,
SORB IRS
SORB IR6E
Sub-base or Base
.:. Lime Stabilized Subgrade or Sub-base SORB IR6F
• .:. Bitumen Stabilized Subgrade or Sub-base SORB IR6G
.:. Sub-base Course SORB IR6
.:. Crushed Stone, Crushed Gravel Base Course & SORB/R7·
• Crushed Macadam Stone Base Course
Vibratory Compacted
.:. Bituminous Prime Coat SORB/R8A
.:. Bituminous Tack Coat SORB IR8B
• .:. Hot Mix Asphaltic Concrete Pavement SORB IR9
•
121
•
(Earth Works)
(SORB IRS)
•
First: Definition:
a-Earth Works (or top soil): it covers all classes of surface leveling, cultivation &
• all types of cut, fill soils.
b-Formation Level: It means surface level under sub-base in case of cuts and fills.
c-Classes of Earth Work: Earth work should be either from soil embankment class
or from general cuts class, while cuts are considered rock when it can not be cut
• or bored by bulldozer machine with 350 horse power, it is unallowable to use

stone in embankment of 40 cm depth from end surface to the embankment.
Second: Suitable Material:

• It covers all types of soil, which is capable of being compacted according to
the specification to form stable fills having acceptable side slopes.
• Third: Unsuitable Material:

It covers the following:
a- The soil contains more than (12 %) by weight organic material.
b- Peat, logs, stumps and perishable material.
c- Flammable materials.
• d- Safety or gypsiferous soil containing more than (10 %) of total soluble salts
when used in the top (30 cm) of the embankment, or (20 %) when used in the
rest of embankment.
e- Clayey soil of liquid limit exceeding (70) or plasticity index exceeding (45).
•
Fourth: Earth Surface Preparations:
Before embankment:
• a-Before starting the embankment work and filling, the earth surface should be
removed and cleaned, and all the useless materials must be removed.
b- Compact earth surface: to make the natural ground dry density (88%) as a
minimum limit for (25 cm) depth.
• c- If earth surface contains bores, channels, seepage drain, it should be filled and
compact these depressions.
d- If the fill is over previous pavement, it should be scratched and crumbled to a
depth not less than (15 cm); in order to connect and interfere the filling
materials with the previous surface.
• But if the new embankment depth is less than (1m), then the previous pavement
should be lifted totally and removed from the road.
122
•
•
Fifth: Earth Work Compaction:
a- Embankment materials should not be compacted unless the moisture ratio is in •

the decided limit.
b- Degree of compaction should be measured to each layer twice at least to each
2000 m2 •
c- Degree of compaction should not be less than (95%) from max dry density of
fills for construction excavation and excavations of water drain channels.
•
d- The degree of compaction should not be less than (95%) of the max dry density
of last soil layer and shoulders of (30 cm) depth from the final surface. The
minimum CBR value should not be less than (4%), the liquid limit should not be
less than (55%) and the plasticity index should not be less than (30). Soil with •
density ofless than 1.7 glcm 3 is considered unsuitable for use in the (30 cm) top
layer, and should be replaced with suitable soil.
e- The embankment with height less than 2 m "except final layer" should be
compacted to (94%) of max. dry density as a minimum limit.
f- The part of embankment with height more than 2 m should be compacted to
•
(93%) of max. dry density as a minimum limit.
Sixth: The Deviation in the Final Surface Level:

•
Deviation of soil surface should be measured by using ruler with length
(3 m), and the deeper point of deviation to the ruler should not exceeds the •
following:
3cm
10 cm
F or final surface
For side slopes •
3cm F or shoulders
•
123
•
•
• Soil Cement Stabilized Subgrade, Sub-base or Base

(SORBIR6E)
First: Materials:
• The mix in place method will only be applied to sites when sand and gravel
or sand and gravel mixtures are provided in the same site.
Using fixed mixing machine, materials should comply with specifications as
shown below:
• 1-1 Silty and clayey coils: it should fulfill the following requirements:
a- Maximum liquid limit (LL) 45%.
b- Maximum plasticity index (PI) 20 %.
c- PH value of soil should not be less than 12.1 %.
• d- Maximum content of soluble salts, 4% for sulphates and 8% for chlorides.
If the soil at the site dose not meet the conditions mentioned in (C), the soil shall
be improved by adding Calcium chloride up to 2 % of the weight of dry soil.
e- Clayey material percentage finer than 0.002 mm should not exceed 350/0.
• 1-2 Sandy and gravelly soils: it should fulfil the following requirements:
a- Passing from sieve size 50 mm 100%

b- Passing from sieve size 5 mm (No.4) Above 50%
• c- Passing from sieve size 0.4 mm(No. 36)
d- Passing from sieve size 0.075 mm (No. 200)
Above 15 %
Below 5 %
e- Clay finer than 0.002 mm Below 3 %
• 1-3 Cement:
The cement to be used for stabilization shall be Portland cement or
sulphate resistant cement. The Portland cement shall comply to the requirements
ofB.S 12 part 2 (1971) and B.S 4027 part 2 (1972) and the sulphate resistant
• cement shall comply to the requirement of AASHTO M85 - 74 Type 5. Cement
in using shall be flowable and free of lumps and its storage time should not
exceed 4 months.
• 1-4 Water: the water to be used for cement stabilization shall be clean and free
from harmful materials.
•
124
•
•
Second: Mix Design:
The mix design shall indicate the exact percentages of cement and water that •
shall be used in mixture to obtain the required properties in accordance to
specification (AASHTO T134) and as the following:
a- The compressive strength of one set of3 test specimens shall be 25-50 kg/cm 2
after keeping in a place with a minimum humidity (95%) for a period of 7 days
•
and the test shall be done in accordance with specification (AASHTO T22).
b- The maximum permissive volume swelling shall be (2%) and the maximum
loss in weight (8 %). Testing shall be performed in accordance with
specification (AASHTO T135-70).
c- Tolerances allowed in mix design on the sit as the following:
•
Cement content (-1 to +2) % of mix design.
Water content (0 to +2) % of mix design.
Third: Composition of Mixture:

•
The cement content shall be determined at the laboratory so that the minimum
compressive strength is 25 Kg/cm 2 and the average compressive strength of the test
specimens is 35 Kg/cm 2 minimum at 7 days. The moisture content of the mixture of
cement and fixing material shall be not less than the optimum percentage nor more
•
than (2%) from the optimum percentage that determined by the test in B.S 1924
(1975).
Fourth: Method of.atabilization: •

The thickness of stabilized layer shall not be less than 8 cm nor more than 20 cm
after compaction. If the thickness exceeds 20 cm after compaction then the
construction shall be done in two or more layers. •
If the stabilized layers were two or more, the style of mix in place will be
permitted only for the construction of the bottom layer, then the stabilization may
be done when the ambient temperature is above 4CO and when the weather is not
ramy. •
Fifth: Compaction:
Immediately after completion of the spreading operation and shaping, the

mixture shall be thoroughly compacted, and the compaction shall be continued until I'
•
the entire depth and width of the subgrade or sub-base is uniformly compacted to
the minimum density of (95%) from the maximum density according to (AASHTO
TI34-70). The compaction shall be completed within two hours.
•
125
•
•
• Sixth: Thickness and Finish:
The thickness shall comply to the following requirements:

a- The deviation from the designed level for earth works shall not exceed;
(3 cm) for final layer and (3 cm) for shoulders and (10 cm) for side
• slopes according to clause R5 - 12 (2) from the fifth section and
deviation of thickness for each of base and sub-base layer shall not
exceed (+ 1 cm, -2 cm) according to the table R9 / 6 from the ninth sction.
b- In situ dry density of compacted layers shall not be less than (95%) from
• the max dry density according to the test (AASHTO T134-70).

c- The deviation of finished surface shall not exceed to (2 em) when tested
with a (4 m) straight edge.
d- The maximum tolerance of the crossfall shall be (± 0.5% ).
•
Seventh: Curing and Maintenance:
• After completion of compaction, the sub-base layer or base shall be protected

against drying out by keeping it continuously damp or wet for a period of at least
(3 days) or by coating with an approved curing material and it's not allowed to be
opened for traffic before completion of curing period of a minimum of (7 days).
One day shall be added to that period when the temperature of the surface of the
• layer falls to Oco or below.
•
•
126
•
•
Lime Stabilized Sub-grade or Sub-base

(SORBIR6F)
•
First: Materials: •
The Mix in-place method of construction will only be applied for sites consist of
mainly clayey soil or gravel mixed with clay or silty-clay.
The lime stabilization is successful for silty and clayey soils with plasticity index
more than (8). •
For the stationary plant method for lime stabilization, the materials must comply
with the specification.
Second: Lime:
•
The lime, which is used in the stabilization, should be either solid hydroxide
calcium or hydrated lime or quick lime as mentioned in table (1): •
Table 1: The required specification for lime
Type and Properties

Quick Lime (CaO)
Lime
Hydrated Lime •
(Ca(OH)2)
Calcium, Magnesium Oxides Not less than 92 % Not less than 95 %
Carbon Oxides Not more than 3 % Not more than 7 %
•
The lime properties should be as specified in (AASHTO M216), and the tests
should be as specified in (AASHTO T219).
•
Third: Water:
The used water should be clean and free from organic material or any
injurious substances. Water from doubtful sources shall not be used until tested as
specified in (AASHTO T26-72).
•
•
127
•
•
• Fourth: Composition of Mixture:

The clayey soil shall be mixed with sufficient lime to provide the required
crushing strength. The lime percentage should be (3-8 %). The percentage of lime
shall be determined at the laboratory so that average compressive strength of ten
• consequent tests in site is not less than (1 N I mm 2), not more than two results
should be less than this value and no individual result should be less than
(O.7N/mm2) when they are tested at 7 days age.
• Fifth: The tests:

the soil should be tested for the following tests to assure its suitability for using
in the mixture .
. a- Grading tests I AASHTO T88.
• b- Atterberg limits Test I AASHTO T89 and AASHTO T90.
c- Acidity test BS 1377, test No. 11.
d- Compaction test I AASHTO T99.
e- Natural water content I AASHTO T93.
• Sixth: Mix Design:

The mix is designed at laboratory according to the specification AASHTO
T220 to determine the following:
• a- The percentage of lime and water (optimum content and tolerances).
b-The density of lime stabilization mixture which must be from minimum
(95%) modified proctor density.
c- The compressive strength at seven days shall not be less than 1N/mm2•
• d- The minimum number of tests to be carried out.
Seventh: Comp,action:
• Immediately after completion of the spreading operation and shaping, the
mixture shall be thoroughly compacted. Compaction shall continue until the entire
depth and width of the subgrade, sub-base or base is unifonnly compacted to the
minimum density of (95%) modified proctor density according to AASHTO T220,
the dry density of the compacted layers shall not be less than (95%) of the
• maximum dry laboratory density.
•
128
•
•
Eighth: Thickness and Finish: •

The surface of the sub-grade or sub-base course or base and the thickness of the
layer after completion of the compaction within (1.5 hours) after mixing shall
comply with the drawings and specification and within the following tolerances:
•
a- The tolerance from desired soil level shall be (+ 1 cm, -2 cm) for sub-base
according to the table R9 /6.
b- The smoothness of the finished surface shall not vary by more than (3 cm)
when tested with a 4m straight edge.
c- The maximum tolerance of the crossfall shall be (± 0.5 %).
•
•
•
•
•
•
129
•
•
• BitUl11en Stabilized Subgrade or Sub-base
(SORBIR6G)
• First: Materials:
The mix-in place method is applied only to sites with naturally containing sand or
sand and gravel mixture. For stationary plant method of mixing the material shall comply
with the specification as below:
• a- Percentage of passing 0.075mm (No. 200) sieve shall not exceed 30%.
b- Liquid limit (L.L) shall not exceed 30%.
c- Plasticity index (PI) shall not exceed 15%.
• The stabilizing agent to be used shall be cut back bitumen RC 70 or RC 250 or RC800
complying with AASHTO M81 or AASHTO M82. Also the emulsified asphalt type
cationic SS complying to AASHTO M208 can be used.
The choice of stabilizing agent shall be made on the basis of laboratory trials taking
into account the type of soil, climatic conditions of the site.
•
Second: Composition of Mixture:
Bitumen soil mixture components shall be limited in laboratory using the procedure
• for determining the compressive strength of bituminous mixes in compliance with
AASHTO T167 in order to obtain the optimum mix proportions and limiting the
percentage of stabilizing material and its temperature.
The laboratory trial mixes shall have minimum compressive strength and Marshall
stability as shown in the table below after being air cured for a period of ( 7 days)
• Asphalt Mix Properties
Properties Subgrade Sub-base

Compressive strength 25C o
• Marshall stability 60Co
1 N Imm:l
IkN
2 N Imm:l
2kN
The index of retained strength when tested in accordance to AASHTO Tl65 shall not
be less than 70%.
•
•
130
•
•
Third: Compaction:
Immediately after completion of the spreading operation and shaping, the mixture
shall be thoroughly compacted with rubber or pneumatic tyred rollers. Compaction shall
•
continue until the entire depth and width of the base is uniformly compacted to give the
required unconfined compressive strengths as specified to meet the expected traffic loads.
The tyre prints on the final surface can be removed by using steel-tired tandem roller.
Fourth: Curing:
•
The need for curing will depend upon the type of bitumen binder used and in
case of mix-in place construction, the stabilized soil may be left uncompacted for a
certain period after mixing to allow for evaporation of volatile materials. Such
aeration before compaction increases stability and decreases water absorption
•
particularly in fine grained sands and also the curing after compaction allow for
evaporation of volatile materials. this depends on the type of bitumen binder used.
The final surface layer shall be spread by prime coat for protecting against
scratching before spreading of layer of bitumen mixtures or surface layer. •
Fifth: Sampling and Testing:
Samples from the plant mixing shall be taken at the plant or on the working
site as specified to determine that if the mixture conform to the job-mix formula •
requirement and all temperatures shall be checked.
a- Testing Bituminous Binders:

Cut back bitumen shall be tested in accordance with the following: •
Sampling AASHTOT40
Distillation AASHTOT78
Flash Point
Saybolt-Furol Viscosity
AASHTOT79
AASHTOT72 •
Kinematics Viscosity AASHTO T201
Absolute Viscosity AASHTOT202
Cationic emulisified bitumen AASHTO T59.

b- Composition of the mix is determined by extraction test in accordance with
•
AASHTO T 164.
c- For testing Compressive Strength and Marshall Stability the samples shall be
taken before compaction.
•
d-The compacted layer shall be tested after completion of compaction for
checking the in-site density in accordance to specification of (AASHTO
T191), this in-site density should not be less than 95% of the bulk density in
the laboratory. •
131
•
•
• Sub-Base Course
(SORBIR6)
The materials shall consist of: Sand & graded gravel, which comply with the
following:
• 1-1 Coarse aggregate (that retained on 2mm (No. 10) sieve).

a- It shall have a percentage of wear not exceeding 45 when tested in accordance
with (AASHTO T96-74).
b- Flakiness Index shall not exceed 35% by weight.
c- Elongation Index shall not exceed 15% by weight.
• 1-2 Fine aggregate (passing 2mm (No. 10) sieve).
a- Percentage of organic materials shall not exceed 2% when tested in
accordance with specifications of B.S. 1377 (test No.8), and percentage of
• clay lumps shall not exceed 0.25% in accordance with specification of

(AASHTO TI12).
b- The material passing OA25mm (NoAO) sieve shall conform with the
following requirements:
• Property
Liquid limit
Method of Test
AASHTOT89
Maximum Limit
25%
Plasticity index AASHTOT90 6%
• c- The material passing 0.075mm (No.200) sieve shall not be more than (213)
of the passing part from OA25mm (No. 40) sieve.
1-3 Soluble Salts: the soluble salts shall not be more than 10%.
• 1-4 Sulphates: the sulphates (S03) shall not be more than 5% by weight
then it's tested in accordance with test No.9 of specification BS 1377
(that means gypsum content equals to 10.75%).
• 1-5 Grading: The grading of the sub-base materials shall be in accordance

with table (1):
•
132
•
Table (1): Gradation of Sub-Base Materials
Sieve Size Percentage of passing materials ( bv wight)

mm Imperial (inch) Type A TypeB Type C TypeD
75 3 100
50 2 95-100 100
25 1 75-95 100 100
9 3/8 30-65 40-75 50-85 60-100
4.75 No.4 25-55 30-60 35-65 50-85
2.36 No.8 16-42 21-47 26-52 42-72
0.30 No. 50 7-18 14-28 14-28 23-42
0.075 No. 200 2-8 5-15 5-15 5'-20
1-6 The California Bearing Ratio of the sub-base course shall not be less than
35% for type B, not less than 30%. for type C, not less than 20% for type
D, of the maximum density established according to test ASTM D1883
and test AASHTO T180.
Second: Weather Limitations:
Sub-base shall not be placed when the temperature is below 3Co or less.
Third: Placing and Spreading:
The sub-base thickness should not be more than 20 cm.

•
Fourth: Compaction:
Each layer shall be compacted to get density at least 95% of the maximum dry
density determined-by AASHTO T180-74.
•
Fifth: Deviation of Surface Level:
The surface of each layer of sub-base shall be shaped to a smooth uniform

~
•
surface parallel to the finished surface and the deviation in level shall not be more
than 2 cm when tested with a 4m ruler.
•
133
•
•
• Crushed Stone, Crus/led Gravel

Base Course Vibratory and Compacted CrUS/led Macadam
Stone Base Course (SORB / R7)
• Base courses from crushed stone & crushed gravel:
First: Aggregate:
• The material for the crushed limestone or crushed gravel base course shall be
composed of:
1. Hard and sound.
2. Durable crushed limestone particles.
• 3. ·Free from thin elongated, soft and disintegrated material or other

objectionable matter.
Second: Grading:
The grading as determined by AASHTO T2 7-74
• Sieve opening (mm) Percentage passing by weight
37.5 100
25 80-100
• 12.5
4.75
50-80
30-60
0.425 10-30
0.075 5-15 *
• * The fraction of the material passing (0.075mm) sieve shall not be more than
(60%) of the fraction passing (0.425mm) sieve.
* When using the crushed gravel the percentage passing (0.075mm) sieve shall be
• (5-12)%. '
Third: Fracture:
The aggregate retained on the sieve (4.75mm) shall contain at least (75%) by
• weight of crushed particles having more than one fractured face.
Fourth: Abrasion Loss:

As determined by AASHTO T96-74 shall not exceed 45%.
•
134
•
•
Fifth: Fine Particles:
The fraction of aggregate passing (2mm) sieve shall consist of

•
crushed stone or gravel and shall be free of loam, organic or other
foreign matter.
- The material passing (0.425mm) sieve, when prepared in
accordance with AASHTO T 146-49 &nd tested by the appropriate
•
methods, shall conform with the following requirements:
Test Test specification AASHTO Maximum limit

Liquid limit
Plasticity index
T89-68
T90-70
25%
4%
•
Sixth: Gypsum Content:
•
The gypsum content of crushed gravel in terms of S03 shall not be more than
5% by weight when tested in accordance with BS 1377 test No.9.
Seventh: California Bearing Ratio (CBR):

•
The test is done as determined by ASTM D1883 for 95% of modified proctor.
The factor value should not be less than 80%. •
Eighth: Soundness Test:
The test shall be done as determined by AASHTO TI04. The loss in weight
should not be more than 12% when the aggregate will be exposed to 5 cycles with
•
the Na2S04 solution nor more than 18% when the aggregate will be exposed to 5
cycle with th~ MgS04 solution.
•
•
135
•
•
Vibratory-Compacted Macadam Stone Base Course
• (SORBIR7)
The requirements for the material to be used for the macadam stone base
course shall be the same requirements for the crushed-stone and gravel base course
with the following exceptions:
• First: The Material for Macadam Stone-Base:
The material for the macadam stone-base course shall be composed of the
• following:
a- Coarse Aggregate:
The coarse aggregate shall consist of either crushed limestone, crushed gravel or
any other suitable crushed material composed of:
• 1. Clean.
2. Tough.
3. Durable Particles.
4. It shall be free from thin elongated particles.
• 5. It shall be free from organic materials.
6. If crushed gravel is used, it shall contain 75% of fractured particles.
b- Fine Aggregate:
The fine aggregate is a product of the crushed limestone screening, this aggregate
• shall be:
I.Clean.
2.Tough.
3.Durable.
• 4.Free from dirt and other objectionable material.
•
136
•
•
Second: Grading: •
The grading of the material shall be as determined by AASHTO T27-74 and
complying to the requirements shown in the table below:
Sieve size (mm)

Percent passing by weight
Fine aggregate Coarse aggregate
•
63 100
50 90-100
37.5
25
35-70
0-15 •
12.5 - 0-5
9.5 100
4.75 85-100
0.15 10-30 •
Third: Abrasion Loss:

•
The abrasion loss shall be as determined by AASHTO T96-74 and it shall not
exceed 45%. •
Fourth: Soundness Test:
The test shall be done as determined by AASHTO TI04. The loss in weight
should not be more than 12% when the aggregate will be exposed to 5 cycles with
•
the Na2S04 solution nor more than 18% when the aggregate will be exposed to 5
cycles with tpe MgS04 solution.
•
•
•
. 137
•
•
Bitulninous Prime Coat
• (SORBIR8A)
First: Bituminous Binder:
• The bituminous binder shall be:

1. Medium curing cut-back bitumen MC30.
• Conforming to AASHTO M82-73 shown in table (1), produced by fluxing an
85 / 100 bitumen with GORA Kerosene.
Second: Bituminous Binder Properties:
• 1. Free from water.

2. The components shall not be separated before using.
Third: Tests:
• The tests shall be done according to AASHTO as follows:

1. Sampling T40-67.
2. Water Content T55-70.
3. Viscosity T72-74.
• 4. Distillation T78-74 .
. Fourth: Mixing Preparations:
• The approximate composition of the cut-back bitumen is one part kerosene to

one and a half parts bituminous cement by volume.
The bituminous binder may also be a cationic bituminous emulsion conforming
to AASHTO M208 grades CSS-1 or CSS-l h.
• Fifth: Sampling and Testing For Bituminous Emulsion:
Sampling of cationic bituminous emulsions shall be in accordance with
• AASHTO T40 and tested in accordance with AASHTO T59 and AASHTO M208.
•
138
•
•
Sixth: Quantities to be applied:
2
Bituminous binder shall be applied in quantities of not less than 0.5 liter/m nor •
more than 1.2 liter/m 2 of base course. The exact quantities to be applied may be
varied to suit field conditions, will be approved by the Engineer's Representative.
Cationic bituminous emulsion shall be applied at such rates as to leave residual
bitumen content on the base surface of not less than 0.6 liter/m 2 nor more than 1.2
liter/m 2 • •
Seventh: Weather Limitations:
1. The prime coat shall be applied only when the base course is dry, or contains •
little moisture, which will permit uniform distribution and the desired
penetration.
2. It shall not be applied when ambient temperature is below 15C o •
•
Eighth: Preparation of Surface:
1. Immediately before applying the prime coat, all loose material, dirt, or other
objectionable material shall be removed from the surface to be primed by air
compressor or power brooms or by hand brooms.
•
2. If the surface is excessively dry or dusty it shall be lightly and uniformly
sprinkled with water immediately in advance of priming, but bituminous
binder shall not be applied until all free surface water has been disappeared.
•
Ninth: Application of Bituminous Binder:
1. Following the application of prime coat, the surface shall be allowed to cure
for a period of at least 24 hours without external effects.
•
2. Additional period of time is allowed for curing to attain penetration into the
base course, and aeration of the volatiles from the prime coat.
3. On the areas which show an excess of bituminous material, sufficient clean
sand shall be spread in order to dry the surface. •
Tenth: Maintenance of the Primed Surface:
The primed surface shall be maintained before the asphaltic concrete layer of '
•
pavement has been placed.
•
139
•
•
Bituminous Tack Coat
(SORBIR8B)
•
First: Bituminous Binder:
The bituminous binder consists of the following:
1. Rapid curing cut-back bitumen RC70.
• 2. Rapid curing cut-back bitumen RC250.
Conforming to AASHTO M81-70 shown in table (2) in the appendix, produced
by fluxing an 85/100 penetration bitumen with GORA standard-motor spirit.
• Second: Properties of Bituminous Binder:

1. Free from water.
2. The contents should not be separated prior to use.
• Third: Testing:
The tests shall be performed in accordance with the following standard
AASHTO:
• I.Sampling
2. Water Content
T40-67
T55-70
3.Viscosity T72-74
4 .Distillati on T78-74
• The approximate composition of'the cut-back bitumen is one part motor spirit
to two parts bitumen cement by volume. The bituminous binder may also be
cationic bituminous emulsion conforming to AASHTO M208 grade CSS-lh or
CSS-l shown in table (3) in the appendix.
• Fourth: Sampling and Testing for bituminous Emulsion:
Sampling of bituminous emulsion shall be in accordance with AASHTO T40
and tested in accordance with AASHTO T59 and AASHTO M208.
• Fifth: Quantities to be Applied:

Bituminous shall be applied in quantities of not less than 0.15 liter/m 2 nor more
2
than 0.5 literlm of surface. The quantities may be varied to suit field conditions.
• Cationic bituminous emulsion shall be applied at such rates as to leave residual
bi tumen content 0 f not less than 0.1 liter/m 2 nor more than 0.3 5 liter/m 2•
•
140
•
•
Sixth: Weather Limitations:
1. The tack coat shall be applied only when the binder course or base course is
•
dry and free from dust.
2. It shall not be applied when the ambient temperature is below 15C o .
•
Seventh: Preparation of Surface:
Before applying the tack coat all loose material, dirt or dust shall be removed
from the surface by blowers, power brooms or hand brooms.
•
•
Eighth: Application of Bituminous Binder:
1. Immediately following the preparation of the surface, the bituminous binder

shall be applied by a hand power spray at a temperature of 65C o to 85C o , and
with pressure and suitable amounts where the bituminous binder shall be
•
applied so that uniform distribution is obtained over all of the surface.
2. The tack coat shall be applied only a short distance in advance of the finisher
of the bituminous base course or binder course and within time not exceeding
(2) hours before placing the asphaltic concrete. •
3. The solvent must be evaporated before the asphaltic concrete layer is placed
on the adhesive material.
4. The treated surface with tack coat shall be maintained in a satisfactory
condition until the asphaltic concrete layer has been placed and the traffic
movement is prevented prior to the application of the asphaltic concrete layer.
•
•
•
•
141
•
•
Hot Mix Asp/taltic Concrete Pavement
(SORBIR9)
1-1 Aggregate: aggregate shall be of uniform quality, crushed to size as
• necessary and its components have the following properties:

a- Sound
b-Tough
c- Durable
d-Clean
• e- Free from clay lumps and clay coated properties
f- Free from organic matters or other deleterious substances and it shall be
subjected to the requirements mentioned in table (1)
Table 1: Aggregate requirements
• Tested in accordance with AASHTO T96-74
Percentage of -for surface course 30 max.
mechanical abrasion -for binder course 35 max ..
-for base course 40 max ..
• Plasticity index
Tested in accordance with AASHTO T90-70 and
AASHTO T89-68 3 max.
Gypsum content and Tested in accordance with BS.1377, test No.9
sulphates salts 2% max.
• 1-2 Coarse Aggregate: It's the aggregate retained on the sieve (4.75mm)
which is combined crushed stone or crushed gravel used for surface and
binder course of class (II, III) and it shall meet the requirements
mentioned in table (2).
• Table 2: Coarse aggregate requirements
The degree of crushing shall be such that at least
Degree of crushing 70% by weight of the material retained on the No.4
• Modulus of
sieve (4.75mm) that has at least one fractured face.
The test in accordance with BS. 12, part 3 modulus
flakiness and of elongation: 15% as a max limit.
elongation Modulus of flakiness: 25% as a max limit.
When the coarse aggregate is used for surface layer
• Polished stone
value (PSV)
on express ways or class A road, the polished stone
value (PSV) of the coarse aggregate when tested in
accordance with BS.812 part 3 shall be less than 50
The coating and stripping shall be above 950/0 when
Coating and
• stripping
tested in according to AASHTO T82-70 or ASTM
D 1664-80 specifications.
142
•
•
1-3 Fine Aggregate: It's the portion of combined aggregates passing the
4.75mm (No.4 sieve) it shall be:
a. Clean •
b. Rough-surfaced
c. Angular grains
d. Durable
e. Free of any organic or other deleterious materials. •
1-4 Mineral Filler: Mineral filler shall be:
a. Limestone or other stone dust.
b. Portland cement.
c. Hydrated lime or other inert material. •
Properties:
1. Clean
•
2. Free of the aggregate pieces
3. Dry
4. It shall meet with the requirements in table (3).
Table 3: Mineral filler requirements

•
Plasticity index Max. limit 4, test according to AASHTO T90-70
Grading
Sieve size mm
0.600
Percentage passing by weight
100
•
0.180 95-100
0.075 65-100
•
1-5 Asphaltic Cement: It shall be homogeneous, free from water and shall
not foam whep heated to 180Co according to table (4).
•
•
143
•
•
• Table 4: Asphaltic cement requirements
S Test Asphalt class

t1) Property
.....
+-'
AASHTO B 40/50 B 50/60 B 60/70
• l.
Penetration at 25°c
100gm, 5sec. (1/10 T49 40-50 50-60. 60-70
mm)
Softening Point
2. T53 51-62 50-60 48-58
• 3.
(R&B) °c
Ductility at 25°c
T51 >100 >100 >100
5cm / sec (cm)
Flash Point COc)
4. T48 >240 >230 >230
(C.O.C)
• 5.
Solubility in
tri chloro-ethy lene T44 >99 >99 >99
(%)
Residue from thin-
TI79
• film oven test
- Retained
Penetration % of >50 >50 >50
original
- Ductility at 25°c,
• 5cm / sec (cm).
>50 >50 >50
• 1-6 Admixtures: Hydrated lime or any added chemical materials (fixed

scientificaly) can be used as anti stripping materials.
Hydrated lime: it should comply with AASHTO M216.
Usage: '
• I. It should be added in drying form with 1.5% from the aggregate weight.
2. The system of adding the hydrated lime to the aggregate in the asphalt
plant shall insure a homogeneous mixing and prevent the occurrence of
Arching.
I·
•
144
•
•
Second: Composition of Mixtures:
. •
2-1 Mixture Composition: the mixture shall be composed of (coarse aggregate,
fine aggregate, filler, asphaltic cement and admixtures)
2-2 Grading: the mixture should comply with the table below and the aggregate
•
grading should not vary between the minimum for the specific sieve to the
maximum for the following sieve:
Table 5: Requirements of aggregate mixture grading •

Asphaltic
I II III
Concrete Class
Max. Size of
Aggregate
25mm 19mm 12.5 mm 9.5mm •
Mixture Using Base Course Binder Course Surface Course'
Sieve Size Percentage passing by weight of total aggregate filler
mm Inch Normal Soft
37.5 1.5 100 •
25 1 70-95 100
19 3/4 58-86 80-100 100
12.5 1/2 46-70 60-84 66-95 100
9.5
4.75
3/8
No.4
38-65
25-50
49-74
32-58
54-88
37-70
80-100
46-76
•
2.36 No.8 15-40 23-45 26-50 28-58
0.3 .,
No. 50 5-18 8-20 8-22 8-24
0.075 No. 200
Asphaltic cement
2-8 3-8 4-10 4-12
•
% from the total 3-5.5 3.5-6.5 4-7 4-7
weight
•
2-3 The Relation Ship Between Filler and Bitumen:
Shall be determined prior to the mix design on the basis of softening point of
bitumen mortar (the mixture of bitumen and filler) as described below:
•
145
•
•
• Table 6: Requirements of mixture of bitumen and filler
Item Requirements
It shall be done according to AASHTO T53 on
• mortar with filler: bitumen ratios
(0.75:1), (1:1), (1.25:1), (1.5:1), (1.75:1)
The ratio chosen which produce the following
1. Ring & ball test softening point (ring and ball test)
• For surface course 75Co as a min. limit
For binder course 65Co as a min. limit
For base course 60Co as a min. limit
Shall be done in a suitable temperature which
• 2. Preparation of
guarantees:
thorough mixing.
bitumen mortar
complete coating of filler particles with
bitumen.
• 3. Particle size of
filler material
The fraction of filler passing sieve No. 200
(0.075 mm) shall be used.
Third: Job Mix Formula (J.M.F.):

•
3-1 Tolerances in the formula:
Tolerances allowed in the job mix formula are shown in table (7)
• Table 7
Tolerances
±6%
• ±4%
± 1.5%
±0.3%
Mix tern erature
• 3-2 Testing of Asphaltic Mixture by Job-Mix Formula:
The asphaltic mixture shall have the test properties shown in table (8) when
• compacted by 75 blows of a standard Marshall Hammer on each face.
146
•
•
Table 8: Properties of asphaltic mixture •

Type I Type II Type III
Property
Base course Binder course Surface course
Resistance to plastic
flow (ASTM D1559) 75
. •
blows on each face
- Marshall stability (kN) 5 (min.) 7 (min.) 8 (min.)
- Marshall flow (mm)
Voids in Marshall
2-4
2-7
2-4
3-6
2-4
3-5 •
specimen %
Voids filled with 55-75 60-80 65-85
bitumen %
Immersion-
compression ASTM
•
DI075
- Index or retained 60 (min.) 70 (min.) 70 (min.)
strength % **
•
** If apparatus is not available, the decrease in Marshall stability is determined by
comparing Marshall specimens immersed in water at a temperature of 60C o for 24
hours with specimens immersed at the same temperature 60C o for 30 to 40 minutes.
The decrease in Marshall Stability shall not be more than 35% for type I and 25%
for types II & III.
•
Fourth: Equipment:
4-1 Equipments in general: all equipments, tools and machines used in •

the performance of the work shall be either new or used in top grade.
4-2 Asphalt mixing plant: the mixing plant should comply with the two
specifications ASTM D290, ASTM D995 so that to produce asphaltic
mixture within the job-mix formula and shall be a weight type or a volumetric
•
type of continuous mixing.
4-3 Compaction equipment: the following rollers shall be used:

1. Smooth-steel wheeled rollers.
2. Multi-wheeled pneumatic tyred rollers.
3. Vibrating rollers.
•
147
•
•
Fifth: Preparation of Pavement Surface:
• 5-1 Preparation: before applying the asphalt course on the surface to be

paved, the flatness of the surface shall be tested with a (4m) ruler complying
with the following table:
Course Max. difference of flatness

• Surface
Binder
6mm
10mm
5-2 Other States: where local irregularities in the surface are greater than
• (20 mm), mixture of asphaltic concrete shall be applied on these. regions.

After compaction of the surface, it shall be tested by a ruler of (4 m)
length in order to assure compliance with the previous table.
5-3 When spreading asphalt mixture upon a concrete surface, all expansion
• joints and cracks shall be sealed by application to an approved asphaltic joint
sealing compound, confonning B.S 2499 (1973), class A, Grade I & II.
• Sixth: Spreading and Finishing:

The temperature of the mixed asphalt:
The temperature of the mixed asphalt when dumped into the spreader shall be as
in the following table:
• Course
Surface
Temperature
130Co (min)
Binder 120Co (min)
• Seventh: Field Compaction:
7-1 Roller Type: Each surface and binder course shall be compacted by
using rollers from the types mentioned in the following table:
• Weight Roller type Cylinder width
8000-10000 Kg Smooth steel wheeled roller 45 cm
Multi-wheeled pneumatic-tyred
8000-10000 Kg -
• roller
The final surface of pavement shall be compacted by smooth steel
wheeled roller
•
148
•
•
7-2 Temperature: The roller shall not be permitted to stand on pavement
whose temperature is less than70Co. •
7-3 Compaction ratio test: Asphaltic pavement density shall be measured
by:
1. Measurement of density core taken from asphaltic concrete pavement

•
according to AASHTO T166-74.
2. Nuclear Method: According to ASTM D2950-74.
This density shall be compared with laboratory density for Marshall specimens •
prepared by compacting each face of Marshall mould 75 blows as mentioned
below.
Work type Compaction ratio

I.F or normal methods
2.For express ways, bridges and the approaches to
>96% •
>98%
bridges for a distance of 200 m on each side
Eighth: Weather limitations: •

Surface condition and air temperature:
a- Asphaltic concrete shall not be laid on surface in the following states:
I-when free standing water is present on the surface.
2-when the surface is frozen
3- = = covered with ice snow.
•
4- = = air temperature is 5Co or less.
5-if the weather is wet & threaten to be prolonged.
b-Asphalt concrete laying shall not be ceased when the air temperature is 5Co or
more.
e-when the air temperature falls 15Co special precautions shall be taken to control
•
the temperature of the asphalt concrete mixture from the delivery from the asphalt
plant up t9 spreading on the road surface so that the asphalt mixture temperature
should suit the compaction process.
•
Ninth: Smoothness of pavement course:
After the completion of the final rolling, the pavement course shall be smooth
.Any irregularities that exceed the specified tolerances which will causes pounding
of water on the surface shall be corrected by removing the defective area ".
•
&replacing with new paramount course on the account of the contractor
•
149
•
•
• Tenth: Thickness of pavement courses:
Thickness of pavement courses in the case of decreasing in pavement course

thickness the following procedures:
• Decrease in thickness Procedures
Less than 3 mm Acceptable
More than 3mm Unacceptable(in general)
• (3-10)mm
Acceptable with price
discount
The layer shall be removed
More than 10mm
. and replaced
•
Eleventh: Condition of Pavement Surface:
Pavement surface should have the following characteristics

• 1- uniformly coarse textured.
2- impermeable
3- well compacted joints and smoothly connected to existing pavement
4- bleeding of asphalt must not be existing on surface.
• 5- the pavement shall be stable and free from rutting, crakings and surface
disintegrations.
Twelfth: Pavement Surface Level Pavement Depth:

• Vertical depth of pavement between any two pavement surface shall be
according to the following table:
• 'Layer
Surface course
Tolerance
±4mm
Binder course ±6mm
Base course +10mm -20mm
Sub-base +10mm-20mm
•
•
150
•
•
Thirteenth: Surface Regularity:
•
13-1 The longitudinal regularity of the surface of surface course &binder course
shall be submitted to the following table:
Length (m)
Course
Irregularity exceeding 3mm
300 75
Surface
6mm
300 75
3mm
300 75
Binder
6mm
300 75
.'
Road of class A 20 9 2 1 40 18 4 2
Road of class B 40 18 4 2 60 27 6 3
The irregularity is a variation in the pavement course level measured by the rolling
•
straight edge .No irregularity exceeding 10mm shall be permitted.
13-2 Transversely Surface Regularity:

the surface shall be measured transversely for regularity by a 4m long straight-
edge placed at right angles to the center line of the road .The maximum deviation of
•
the pavement surface below the straight-edge shall not exceed 3 mm.
13-3 Longitudinal & Transversely Surface Regularity:

When the rolling straight-edge is not available, the surface shall be tested with a
•
straight-edge 4m long placed parallel or at right angle to the center line of the road.
The allowable deviation of the surface shall be:
Course Maximum allowable deviation •

Surface 3inm
Binder 6mm
Fourteenth: Sampling:
•
Number
Sampling at
•
It shall be in accordance with AASHTO T168
roadwa
Number and ,. •
SIze
Age
•
151
•
•
•
Appendix of chapter 13
( Road Works)
•
•
Title Property
• .:. Cut Back Asphalt ( Rapid-Curing Type) AASHTO M81-75
.:. Cut Back Asphalt (Medium-Curing Type) AASHTO M81-75
• .:. Cationic Emulsified Asphalt AASHTO M08-72
•
152
•
• • • • • • • • • • • •
Table (1) : The requirements of Bituminous Prime coat classes according to (AASHTO M82 - 1975 )
MC-30 MC-75 MC-250 MC-800 MC-3000

Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.
Kinematic Viscosity at 60 C ( 140 F ) 30 60 70 140 250 500 800 1600 3000 6000
( see Note-l ) centistokes
Flash point ( Tab. Open-cup) , 38 38 66 66 66
Degrees C (F) ( 100 ) ( 100 ) ( 150 ) ( 150 ) ( 150 )
Water percent 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Distillation test:
Distillate percentage by volume of total
distillate to 360 C ( 680 F )
T0225C(437F) 25 o 20 o 10
To 260 C ( 500 F ) 40 70 20 60 15 55 o 35 o 15
To 315 C ( 600 F ) 75 93 65 90 60 87 45 80 15 75
Residue from distillation to 360C ( 680 F ) 50 55 67 75 80
volume percentage of sample by difference
Tests on residue from distillation:
Absolute viscosity at 60C (140 F) 300 1200 300 1200 300 1200 300 1200 300 1200
( See Note 4 ) poises
Ductility ,5cm/cm. , cm. ( See Note 2 ) 100 100 100 100 100
Solubility in Trichloroethylene, percent 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0
Spot test ( See Note 3 ) with:
Standard naphtha Negative for all grades
Naphtha-xylene solvent,- percent xylene Negative for all grades
Heptane-xylene solvent,- percent xylene Negative for all grades
Note I. As an alternate. Saybolt-Furol viscosities may be specified as foIIows : Note 3 . The use of the spot test is optional. When specified, the Engineer shaII indicate whether
Grade MC-70 - Furol viscosities at 50 C ( 122 F ) - 60 to 120 sec. the standard naphtha solvent. The naphtha xylene solvent ,or the heptane xylene solvent wiII be
Grade MC-30 - Furol viscosities at 25 C ( 77 F) - 75 to 150 sec. used in determining compliance with the requirement, and also in the case of the xylene solvents,
Grade MC-250 - Furol viscosities at 60 C ( 140 F ) - 125 to 250 sec. the percentage of xylene to be used.
Grade MC-SOO - Furol viscosities at S2.2 C ( ISO F ) - 100 to 200 sec. Note 4. In lieu of viscosity of the residue , the specifYing agency , at its option can specifY
Grade MC-3000 - Furol viscosities at S2.2 C ( ISO F) - 300 to 600 sec. penetration 100g: 5g at 25 C (77 F) of 120 to 250 for Grades MC-30, MC-70, MC-250 ,
Note 2 . If the ductility at 25 C ( 77 F ) is less than 100, the material wiII be acceptable MC-SOO,and MC-3000 . However, in no case wiII both be required.
if its ductility at 15.5 C (60 F) is more than 100 .
153
...
• • • • • • • • • • • •
Table (2) : The requirements of Bituminous tack coat classes according to (AASHTO M81 - 1975 )
RC-70 RC-250 RC-800 RC-3000

Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.
Kinematic Viscosity at 60C (140F) (See Note 1) centistokes 70 140 250 500 800 1600 3000 6000
Flash point (Tag, open-cup) 27 27 27
degrees C (F) (80) (80) (80)
Water percent 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Distillation test :
Distillate percentage by volume of total distillate to 360 C
(680 F)
To 190 C ( 374 F ) 10
To 225 C ( 437 F ) 50 35 15
To 260 C (500 r) 70 60 45 25
To 315 C ( 6 00 F) 85 80 75 70
Residue from distillation to 360C ( 680 F ) volume percentage 55 65 75 80
of sample by difference
Tests on residue from distillation:
Absolute viscosity at 60C (140 F) (See Note 3 ) poises 600 2400 600 2400 600 2400 600 2400
Ductility,S cm/min.at 25C ( 77 F )cm . 100 100 100 100
Solubility in Trichloroethylene, percent 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0
Spot test ( See Note 2 ) with :
Standard naphtha Negative for all grades
Naphtha-xylene solvent,- percent xylene Negative for all grades
Heptane-xylene solvent,- percent xylene Negative for all grades
Note 1. As an alternate. Saybolt-Furol viscosities may be specified as follows: Note 2 . The use of the spot test is optional. When specified, the Engineer shall indicate
Grade RC-70 Furol viscosities at 50 C ( 122 F ) - 60 to 120 sec. whether the standard naphtha solvent. The naphtha xylene solvent ,or the heptane
Grade RC-250 - Furol viscosities at 60 C ( 140 F ) - 125 to 250 sec. xylene solvent will be used in determining compliance with the requirement, and also
Grade RC-800 - Furol viscosities at 82.2 C ( 180 F ) 100 to 200 sec. in the case of the xylene solvents, the percentage of xylene to be used.
Grade RC-3000 - Furol viscosities at 82.2 C ( 180 F) - 300 to 600 sec. Note 3. In lieu of viscosity of the residue, the specitying agency, at its option can specity
penetration at [OOg: 5g at 25 C (77 F) of80 to [20 for Grades RC-70, RC-250, RC-800,
and RC-3000 . However, in no case will both be required.
154
...
• • • • • • • • • • • •
_.Ie .......... --_._---- ........ ..... __ ... _... _... - ---r-- --
Type •
Rapid Setting Medium Setting Slow Setting

Grade
CRS-l CRS-2 CMS-2 CMS-2h CSS-l CSS-lh
Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.
Tests on emulsions:
ViscFSaybolt Furol at
77 ~25C 1sec ... ,-
Visc., aybo t Furol at 122 20 100 20 100

F (50C)sec ..... 20 100 100 400 50 450 50 450
Settlement ,a5 days,% 5 5 5 5 5 5
Storage Stability Test ,hI
day,% ......... 1 1 1 1 1 1
Demulsibility,C35mI0.8%
sodium dioctyl sulfosuc-
cinate ,% 40 40
Coating ablity and water
resistance:
Coating ,dry aggregate .. Good Good
Coating,afier spraying Fair Fair
Coating ,wet aggregate .. Fair Fair
Coating,afier spraying Fair Fair
d
Partical charge test.. .. Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive Positived
Sieve Test ,% 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
Cement mixing test, % 2.0 2.0
Distillation:
Oil distillate ,by volume
of emulsion,% 3 3 12 12
Residue,% .... 60 65 65 65 57 57
_._-
Table (3) Continued with footnotes on next page.
155
'\
• • • • • • • • • • • •
- -- - - - --- - - - J
Type
Rapid Setting Medium Setting Slow Setting
Grade
CRS-I CRS-2 CMS-2 CMS-2h CSS-l CSS-Ih
Min. I Max. Min. I Max. Min. I Max. Min. I Max. Min. I Max. Min. I Max.
Tests on residue from distillation test:
Peneteration ,25C (77F) ,100g, 5sec ... 100 250 100 250 100 250 40 90 100 250 40 90
Ductility,25C (77F),5cm per min,cm ... 40 40 40 40 40 40
Solubility in trichloroethylene, % ... 97.5 97.5 97.5 97.5 97.5 97.5
gested uses : Surface treatment, Surface treatment, Plant or road mixture with coarse Plant or road mixture with graded
penetration maca- penetration maca- aggregate substantially all of and fine aggregates,a substantial
dam and tack dam. which is retained on a No.8 sieve quantity of which passes a No.8
coat. and practically none of which sieve and a portion of which may
passes a No.200 ( 0.075 mm) sieve pass a No.200 ( 0.075 mm) sieve
slurry seal treatment.
- The test requirement for settlement may be waived when the emulsified asphalt is used in less than 5 days time; or the purchaser may require that
the settlement test be run from the time the sample is received until it is used, if the elapsed time is less than 5 days.
- The 24 hour (l day) storage stability test may be used instead of the 5 days settlement test.
- The demulsibility test shall be made within 30 days from date of shipment.
- lfthe Particle Charge Test result is inconclusive, material having a maximum pH value of6.7 will be acceptable.
~------ ---_._----------
156
~
•
•
Chapter 14
• Engineering Properties Soil (Geotechnique)
Contents:
• •••
• Soil Particle Size Limits
•:. Typical Void Ratio Moisture Content and Dry Unit Weight
For Some Soils
.:. Denseness of a Granular Soil
• .:. Typical Liquid and Plastic Limits For Some Clay Minerals
.:. Unified Soil Classification System (USS)
.:. Hydraulic of Clay
• .:. Consistency of Clay
.:. Correction for Standard Penetration Number, N
.:. Relation Between The Corrected N- Values And The
Relative Density in Sands
• .:. Correlation Between NF cry ,cp Sands For Granular soils
.:. Correction of Cone Resistance With cry ,cp And Dr For N.C
• Reference
.:. Principles of Foundation Engineering by Braja Das- 1999
•
.157
•
•
• Some Geotechnical Properties of Soils
,- Soil Particle Size Limits
• Name of organ.iz.at:ion G~vel

GniD size (mm)
Sand Silt Clay
Massachusetts Institute >2 2 to 0.06 0'.06 to 0.002 <0.002

of Technology (}.1m
• U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA)
American Auoc:iation
>2
76.2 to 2
2 to 0.05
2 to 0.075
0.05 to 0.002
0.075 to 0.002
<0.002
<0.002
of State Highway and
Transportation
Officials (AASHTO)
• Unified Soil
Classi£c:ation Syrtem
(U.S. Army Corps of
76.2 to 4.75 4.75 to 0.075 Fines
(i.e .• silts and clays)
<0.075
Engineers. U.S. Bureau
of Reclamation)
• T- Specific Gravity of Some Soils
• Quartz sand
Silt
Clay
"
2.64-2.66
2.67-2.73
2.70-2.9
Chalk 2.60-2.75
Loess 2.65-2.73
Peat 1.30-1.9
•
r- Typical Void Ratio, Moisture Content and Dry Unit Weight for Some Soils
• ". "
,' . '.
"
.
. Natural moistu~e '
content in
, .' ,
Dry unit weight. ""
~' . . Void ratio saturated condition -
=Type of soil
,~~
' . .. . ' -e ~
. (%) ,
. .
'
(Ib/ttl) (kN/rril)
.-' ~
'.. :
Loose uniform sand O.S 3D 92 14.5
• Dense uniform sand

Loose angular·grained silty sand
Dense angu1ar·grained silty sand
0.45
0.65
0.4
16
25
15
115
102
120
18
16
19
Stiff clay 0.6 21 108 17
Solt clay 0.9-U 30-50 73-92 11.5-14.5
Loess 0.9 25 86 13.5
• Soft organic clay

Glacial till
2.5-3.2
0.3
90-120
10
33-51
134
6-S
21
••••
•
••
I
~ f- Densenss of a Granular Soil
0-20 Very loose

20-40 wose
40-60 Mediwn
~ 60-80
80-100
Dense
Very dense
!I
.!
Dr(%) • e max
e max
~e
~emin
61.00 • . , ~.min) &61.00
IImax) ~.nin) •
where: e max . = max. void ratio corresponding to lid (min)

. em in. = min. void ratio corresponding to lid (max)
= natural ratio corresponding to in situ dry unit weight lid
• e
0- Typical Liquid & Plastic Limits for some Clay Minerals
• Kao!in.i I.e ' :;s..:.lOO 2s.:.35 .

30-60
mite 50-100
Montmorillonite 100-800 50~ 100
• "1- Unified Soil Classification System ( USCS )
U.S Standard Sieve size
• 4 4.750
6 3.350
8 2.360
10 2.000
16 1.180
• 20
:;0
40
50
0.850
0.&'Xl
0.425
0.300
60 0.2SO
80 0.180
100 O.ISO
• 140
170
200
270
0.106
0.088
0.075
0.053
159
•
•
• Symbols for Identification
Ci S M C 0 Pt H L W P
Cravel Sand Silt Clay Organic silts Peat and highly High Low Well Poorly
and day organic soils plasticity plasticity graded graded
• Plasticity Chart
70
,,'
• 60
50
U·linc
PI:: 0.9 (LL - 8)
/
),/
//
V
Q:
"- /
/" CH
or /
V
/"
~/
~
• /
,/
/
:tL
or
OL V A.i~c
PI = 0.73 (LL - 20)
CL-ML ,,/ /'
10 I\, L ML MHI
or
o /~~ :;7
or
OL OH
• o w w ~ ~ ~ ~
Uquid Limit. LL
M W 00 ~
• ...
•
160
•
•
r;roup Symbols
•
Ular!!e-grained !loil F:oo < 5, C, #!: 4, 1:s C, :s 3 GW
R:oo> 50 F'ItJJ < 5, C. < 4, andlor C, not between 1 GP
• Gravelly soil
R. > O.SR""
and 3
F~ > 12. PI < 4, or Atterberg limits plot be-
low A line (Figure 1.7)
GM
F'IfJI > 12, PI > 7, and Atterberg limits plot GC

on or above A line (Figure 1.7)
F7ttJ > 12. 11. <: 50, 4 :s PI :s i. and Atter· GC-GM'
berg limits plot on or above A line
• 5 s F:!<,J, :S12: meets the gradation criteria of

GW and the plastic!:'j criteria of GM
5 s FlO,:s 12: meets the gradation criteria of
GW and the plasticity criteria of GC
GW-GM'
GW.GC·
5 :s Fno s 12: rm!ets the gradation criteria of GP-GM'

GP and the plasticity criteria of GM
5 s F1(tJ :s 12: meets the gradation criteria of GP-GC'
GP and the pJas:idty criteria of GC
• Sandy soil
R. :s O.SRD>
F'JrJi < 5, C. #!: 6, 1:s C, S 3
F'JI1j < 5, C, < 6, and/or C, Dot between 1
and 3
sw
SP
F7.JJ > 12, PI < 4. or Atterberg limits plot SM

below A line (Figure 1.7)
F'IfIJ> 12, PI> 7, and Atterberg limits plot SC
on or above A line (Figure l.7)
• F'lIJ'J > 12. 11. > SO, 4 s PI :s 7. and Atter·

berg limits plot on or above A line (Figure
1.7)
SC·SM'
5 :s F"" s 12: meets the gradation criteria of SW.SM'

SW and the plasticity criteria of SM
5 :s F"" s 12; meets the gradation criteria of SW·!'C·
SW and the plasticity criteria of SC
• 5 s Fao :s 12; meet" the gradation criteria of

SP and the plastidty lriteria of SM
5 :s F"" s 12: meets the gradation criteria of
SP and the plasticity criteria of SC
SP·SM'
Sp·SC'
Fme.grained soil PI < 4, or Atterberg limits plot below A line ML

(inorganic), ~oo :s 50 (Figure 1.7)
Silty and clayey soil PI > 7, . and Anerbt:rg limits plot on or abrve CL
11. < 50 A line (Figure 1.7)
• Silty and clayey soil

4 s PI s 7, and Atterberg limits plot above
A line (Figure 1.7)
kterberg limits plot below A line (Figure 1.7)
ClrML'
MH
11.:!: 50
Atterberg limits plot on or abo\'e A line (Fig. Cli
urel.7)
• Fine-grained soil (organic)

Organic silt and clay
11. < 50 ~-:<O.75
OL
Organic silt and clay

11.:!:SO ~-:<0.75 OH
Nott: F"" - """cent filler than DO. 200 sieve: R"" """cent retaioed Oil 1l0. 200 sit'V~; R. - """Cell! r<:Wned on
&
no. 4 sieve; C. - willormity C"Odficiellt C. - coefficient of gndation: LL .. liquid limit PI .. pllUOticity index:
• A!terb"rt limits based 00 minV$ DO. 40 fraction

• Bord"rline case; dual classllic:aDon.
161
•
•
v- Hydraulic Conductivity for Various Soils
•
Medium to coarse gravel Greater than 10- 1
Coarse to fine sand 10- 1 to 10- 1
• Fine sand. silty sand

Silt. clayey !>ilt. silty clay
Clays.
10- 1 to 10- 1
10-' to 10-'
10-: or less
A- Consistency of Clay
•
0-2 Very soft 0-25
• 2-5
5-10
10-20
Soft
Mecliwn stiff
Stiff
Very stiff
25-50
50-100
100--200
20-30 200-400
>30 Hard >400
• 0.- Correction for Standard Penetration Number, N
Nc = eN NF
• Where Nc = corrected N value to a standard value of"1v
CN = correction factor
['\'" '\ kN/m T (, tOn/ftT)]
NF = N value obtained from the field
• Emperical Relationships for CN
i1
•
Uao and \Vhitman (l986)
\ u;
2
Skemplon (1986)
1 + u;
Seed et at (1975) 1- 1.25 log (:;)
wbere uj = 1 U.S. tOll/fi!

• Peck et aI. (1974) 0.7710g (~)
Note: "1v is in U.S ton/ft'
{or u: i?:: 025 U.S. ton/it:
• 162.
•
, . - Relations between the Corrected N - values and the Relative Density in Sands
• Standard ' : '. . Unconfi~ed conipression
,penetration ' strengtft, qu '.,
number, N, . Comistenr:y (leN/ml)
~ -~
.'
.~,'
.
~
.1> 0-2 Very soft 0-25
• 2-5
5-10
]0-20
Soft
Medium stiff
Stiff
25-50
50-100
100-200
20-30 Very stiff 20()...4oo
>30 Hard >400
•
\\- Correlation between N F , O'v and f for Granular Soils
·• .
'
-.:::.
1:
10 20
NF
30 40 50 60
.:. z
C.
'""',::.
c:
50
:::
V. 100
tr.
c"
5-
- ISO
• -5
I..
::;
..0
~
~
,~ Ai 200
>
..:::s
u
• ..!:!
'-
u
-; 250
u
:.:::I
I..
~
300
.:
•
163
•
•
• Some Geotechnicel Properties of Soils
.''f- Correlation of Cone Resistance with G

v ,f and Dr for N.C Sands
•
Cone point resistance, ft (MNim2) Cone point resistance •. q. (MNJntl)
o 10 20 30' 40 ·50 o . 10· 20 30' -40 SO
o o
•
100
......
'E
......
i
• .~ 200
f 1200
3:!
]300 j'
• \i " 150
]
't:
i~ 300
~
400
• soo
•
164
• ._-_. __.-
•
• Chapter 13:Road Works According to Standard Specification for Roads & Buildings
Earth Works SORB/R5 122

Soil Cement Stabilized Subgrade, Sub-base or base SORB/R6E 124
Lime Stabilized Subgrade or Sub-base SORB/R6F 127
• Bitumen Stabilized Subgrade or Sub-base
Sub-base Course
SORB/R6G
SORB/R6
130
132
Crushed Stone, Crushed Gravel Base Course & Crushed SORB/R7 134
Macadam Stone Base Course Vibratory Compacted
Bituminous Prime Coat SORB/R8A 138
• Bituminous Tack Coat
Hot Mix Asphaltic Concrete Pavement
SORB/R8B
SORB/R9
140
142
•
III
•
• Contents
Chapter 1: Gypsum & Lime and Their Products
• Gypsum for Building IQ.S 28 / 1988

Sand - Lime Bricks & Blocks IQ.S 548 / 1989
5
6
Chapter 2 : Aggregate
Aggregate From Natural Sources For Concrete IQ.S 4511984 8
• Aggregate From Natural Sources For Concrete B.S 882/1992

Aggregate From Natural Sources For Concrete ASTM C33/86
Filter Sand And Filter Gravel For Water Purification Filter IQ.S 1555/2000
13
17
21
Chapter 3 : Cement & Concrete

Portland Cement IQ.S 5/1984 24
• Terrazzo Tiles IQ.S 1042/1984
Ordinary Tiles IQ.S 1043/1984
26
27
Load- Bearing Concrete Masonary Units IQ.S 1077 / 1987 28
Pre-Cast Concrete Kerbs & Channels IQ.S 1106/ 1987 30
Pre-Cast Concrete Flags IQ.S 1107/1987 32
• Non-Load Bearing Concrete Masonary Units IQ.S 1129 / 1988
Reinforced - Concrete Cantilever Stair Steps IQ.S 1381 / 1988
33
35
Reinforced & Unreinforced Concrete Pipes without Internal Pressure IQ.S 1432/ 1989 36
Cellular Concrete Blocks IQ.S 1441/2000 41
Concrete Pavement Bricks IQ.S 1606/1990 42
• Reinforced Concrete Fence Posts IQ.S 1687/1992
Water used in Concrete IQ.S 1703/1992
43
45
Chapter 4 : Ceramic
Glazed Ceramic Tile for Internal Walls IQ.S 1392/1988 47
• Ceramic Unglazed Vitreous Acid Resisting Tiles 1627/ 1991
Ceramic Floor and Wall Tiles
Specification for Extruded Ceramic Tiles with a Low Water Absorption
49
50
" E < 3% Group A 10.S 1704/1992
Specification for Extruaed Ceramic Tiles with A Low Water Absorption 52
of3% < E < 6% Group A (2-1)
• Specification for Extruded Ceramic Tiles with water Absorption

of 6<E ~ 10% Group A (2-2)
55
Chapter 5 : Clayey Products

Clay Building Bricks IQ.S 25 /1988 59
• Chapter 6: Rocks & Stones

Natural Building Stone IQ.S 1387 / 1989 62
Chapter (7) : Water Proofing

Bitumen Felts For Water Proofing & Damp Proofing IQ.S 4/1988 66
• Asphalt Sealer For Concrete Joints Hot Poured ,Elastic Type IQ.S 1110/1988
Joints Sealant, Hot Poured ,For Concrete &Asphalt Pavement IQ.S 113611988
Jet -Fuel-Resistant Concrete ,Joint Sealer Hot Poured Elastic Type IQ.S 117211988
68
69
70
Emulsified Asphalt Used As a Protective Coating For Built Up IQ.S 117311987 72
Asphalt Used In Proofing Roofs IQ.S 119611988 73
Preformed Expansion Joint Filler For Concrete Paving & Structural Construction
• (Non-Extruding & Resilient Bituminous Type) IQ.S 128011988
Concrete Joint Sealer ,Cold Application Type IQ.S 128811989
74
75
•
•
Chapter 8:Asbestos Cement
Asbestos Cement Flat Sheets IQ.S 83/1999 77
78
Corrugated Sheets and Fittings for Roofing and Cladding IQ.S 7911 999
Asbestos Cement Pressure Pipes and Joints IQ.S 143/1990 80 •
Chapter 9:Epoxy
ASTM C 881-90 83
Epoxy-Resin-Base Bonding System for concrete
•
Chapter 10:Concrete Admixture
Concrete Admixture IQ.S 143111989 85

•
Chapter 11:Paint and Varnish
Putty for Use on Window Glass
Red Oxide Linseed Oil Prim in Paint

IQ.S 477
IQ.S 871/90
90
92
•
Primin, Coat Zinc - Yellow Iron Oxide Ready Mixed IQ.S 877/88 93
Enamel, Alkyd, Gloss Air Drying, for Exterior and

Interior Surfaces
IQ.S 96012000 97
•
Synthetic Resin Emulsion IQ.S 985/94 99
Paints and Varnishes Hammer Finish IQ.S 1047/84 100

Red oxide Primer - Alkyd Resin IQ.S 1056/84 101 •
Decorative Paint for Interior use (Flat) IQ.S 1057/84 103
Traffic, Highway, White & Yellow Paint IQ.S 1101/86 107
Black Bitumen Paints for Cold Application Type
Decorative Paint Semi-gloss

IQ.S 1257/88
IQ.S 1506/89
109
111
•
Hot - Applied Thennoplastic Road Marking IQ.S 1744/92 113
Materials
•
Chapter 12:Reinforcement Steel
Defonned and Plain.Billet- Steel for Concrete Reinforcement ASTM A615-86

Carbon Steel Bars for the Reinforcement of Concrete BS4449-1988
115
118
""
•
•
II
•
•
Translated by:
_ Baree'a M. Abdullatif - Supervisor
• Amina Shaheed
Ismat kadhum
_Rabab Mejeed
SaharUsama
•
Printed by:
Afrah Abdulhussein
• BanAkram
- Salam Samir AL-Ahwal
Manal mohemmed
Shahla Abbas
• Isra' a Riffa'at
Designed by:
• Afrah Abdulhussein
Checked, by:
• Baree a M. Abdullatif - Supervisor

_Ismat kadhum
Amina Shaheed
Bushra Mohammed
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Yosif AI-Admah Sq. - Tel Mohamad
Baghdad - Iraq
P.O. Box: 20061 ir: 7620023

7620059
•
e-mail :
nccl@mochiraq.com •

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~~o@m~ ~llilQ~® \i®u' ©@[fl)~~@QO@)llil ~~a ~ ~~~~@~

Dr. Isam 1-1. Nasha'at

· Dr. Isam H. Nasha'at General Director / General Supervisor

Gypsum & Lime and Their Products

.:. Gypsum for Building 1Q.S 28 / 1988

.:. Sand - Lime Bricks & Blocks IQ.S 548/ 1989

Second: Physical Requirements

Third: Chemical Requirements

Table (2) Chemical requirements

Item Property Normal Gypsum Gypsum Technical

I Ratio of SO] (%): 110t less 35 45 40

First: Standard Dimen sions

Type Len Q,t h( mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)

Third: Compressive strength

Fourth: Total Dcnsity

Fifth: Maximum Limit tor Dr\! Shrinkage

Sixth : Water }\bsorption

.:. Aggregate Natural Sources For Concrete IQ.S 4511984

.:. Aggregate From Sources for Concrete B.S 88211992

.:. Aggregate from Natural Sources For Concrete ASTM C33/86

First: Harmful Materials

T a bl e 1: R a t'lOS 0 f su Ifur sa ItS pennI'tt e d In

; S03 percentage not Illore than 0.1 % weight in coarse aggregatc

Third: Light Materials

Fomth: T he Friable Material s

Fifth: Mater ials passing throu gh the sieve (75-micron)

Table 2: Permitted limits of harmful materials in aggregate

Harmful Permitted limits (%) by weijJht

Table 3 : Gradation limits for coarse aggregate

Sieve Percentage of materials passing through sieves

20mm 35-70 95-100 100 0-5 0-25 85-\ 00 100 -----

14mm ----- - . - - . 90-100 ----- ----- ----- 85-100 100

Si eve No. Percentage of materials passing through sieves

Table (5): All-in aggregate

Sieve No. Percentage for materials passing through sieves

Type of concrete Load requ ired to obta in I Aggregate

fourth: Acid so lu ble sulphate content:

fifth: Gra ding

Sieve Percentage by Illass passing sieves

5-2 Grading of fine aggregate (sand): -

Table4. Gradation of fine aggregate

Percentage by mass pass in g sieve

2.36 60-100 60-100 65-100 80- 100

~ Increased to 20% for crushed fine aggregate

5-3 :All in aggregate :the grading is as given in table (5)

Table (5) All -in aggregate

50 100 ----- ----- -----

20 45-80 95-100 ----- - ----

14 ----- ----- 100 -----

10 ----- ----- 95-100 100

23 6 ----- ----- 2 0-50 25-1

(*)Used mainly in precast concrete products

Table (6) Fine materials

Aggregate type Percentage by 111ass passing

The grading is as shown in tabl e ( I)

Table (I): Fine aggregate grading

Sieve(mll1) I Perce ntage passin~ (%)

~~o@m~ ~llilQ~® \i®u' ©@[fl)@QO@)llil a ~ ~~~~@~