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    NTERA

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    moses maned
    1. Ntera is a Kinyarwanda word that refers to the formation of new words through derivation by adding prefixes or suffixes to existing words. 2. Ntera can be formed through root combination, where a root combines with another root to convey a new meaning, or through affixation, where prefixes or suffixes are added to convey a new meaning or part of speech. 3. Ntera has two types of formation: root-stem formation and affixation. Root-stem formation involves combining roots to convey the meaning, while affixation uses prefixes and suffixes to modify the root without changing the meaning.

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    NTERA

    Uploaded by

    moses maned
    1K views4 pages
    1. Ntera is a Kinyarwanda word that refers to the formation of new words through derivation by adding prefixes or suffixes to existing words. 2. Ntera can be formed through root combination, where a root combines with another root to convey a new meaning, or through affixation, where prefixes or suffixes are added to convey a new meaning or part of speech. 3. Ntera has two types of formation: root-stem formation and affixation. Root-stem formation involves combining roots to convey the meaning, while affixation uses prefixes and suffixes to modify the root without changing the meaning.

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    1. Ntera is a Kinyarwanda word that refers to the formation of new words through derivation by adding prefixes or suffixes to existing words. 2. Ntera can be formed through root combination, where a root combines with another root to convey a new meaning, or through affixation, where prefixes or suffixes are added to convey a new meaning or part of speech. 3. Ntera has two types of formation: root-stem formation and affixation. Root-stem formation involves combining roots to convey the meaning, while affixation uses prefixes and suffixes to modify the root without changing the meaning.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    1K views4 pages

    NTERA

    Uploaded by

    moses maned
    1. Ntera is a Kinyarwanda word that refers to the formation of new words through derivation by adding prefixes or suffixes to existing words. 2. Ntera can be formed through root combination, where a root combines with another root to convey a new meaning, or through affixation, where prefixes or suffixes are added to convey a new meaning or part of speech. 3. Ntera has two types of formation: root-stem formation and affixation. Root-stem formation involves combining roots to convey the meaning, while affixation uses prefixes and suffixes to modify the root without changing the meaning.

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    NTERA

    1. INSHOZA YA NTERA

    Ntera ni ijambo rigaragira izina, rikerekana imimerere, ingano n’imiterere yaryo. Ntera
    yegerana n’izina ifutura cyangwa bigahuzwa n’inshinga “kuba”.

    2. UTURANGO TWA NTERA

     Ntera yisanisha n’izina biri kumwe igafata indanganteko yaryo ho indangasano.

    Ingero: - Iyi nzu ifite ibyumba bigari.

    - Umusore munini kandi mugufi.

    - Umwiza ni umukobwa muto muto kandi ufite umusatsi muremure.

     Ntera igaragaza indanganteko y’izina igaragiye.

    Ingero: - Iryinyo rinini.

    -Indirimbo nshya.

     Mu nteruro, Ntera yisanisha n’izina igaragiye ikinjira mu nteko y’amasano izina


    igaragiye ririmo, bityo ntera ikaba ari ijambo rishobora kwinjira mu nteko zose
    z’amasano.

    Ingero:- Umukobwa mugufi. ( nt 1)

    - Abahungu bagufi. (nt 2)

    -Imyenda migufi. (nt 3)

     Ntera iyo ifashe indomo ihinduka izina rusange.

    Ingero: -Ntamwiza nk’umubi wumva.

    -Umuto niwe waje.

    -Abarebare bajye inyuma.


    -Abakuru n’abato bose baze.

    3. UTUREMAJAMBO TWA NTERA

    Ntera igira uturemajambo tubiri: Indangasano n’igicumbi.

    1. Indangasano

    Indangasano (RS) ni igice cya ntera gihinduka bitewe n’izina bijyanye. Indangasano ya ntera isa
    n’indanganteko y’izina igaragiye.

    Ingero: Umuhanzi mushya yasohoye indirimbo nziza.

    mu-shya, n-iza (igicumbi gifata z mu nt 10)

    2. Igicumbi

    Igicumbi (C) ni igice kidahinduka na rimwe.

    Ingero: -Umugore munini. mu-nini

    -Abagore banini. ba-nini

    4. IBICUMBI BYA NTERA

    Ibicumbi bya ntera ni ibi bikurikira.

    igicumbi urugero igicumbi urugero

    - inshi Abana benshi/ - zima Umwana muzima

    - iza Inka nziza / - shya Insengero nshya

    - gari Inzu ngari / - shyashya Imyenda mishyashya

    -ke / - keya Abana bake, abana bakeya / - bi Abantu babi

    - to Igiti gito / - nini Imirima minini

    - toto Igiti gitoto / -kuru Umuntu mukuru


    -to – to Umugore mutomuto / - tagatifu Ahantu hatagatifu

    - toya Umuhungu mutoya / - re-re Umusore muremure

    - hire Umunsi muhire / - gufi Umwari mugufi

    - bisi Ibyatsi bibisi / - sa - sa Uburo busabusa

    - taraga Umukozi mutaraga / - sa Ibijumba bisa

    - niya Ingirangingo niya / - tindi Umutego mutindi

    Igicumbi -re na –to byisubiramo ku buryo bifata indangasano 2.

    Ingero: Igihe kirekire: ki-re – ki –re,

    Umusore mutomuto: mu-to-mu-to

    Igicumbi –gufi, -ke, -to bishobora gukorana n’akajambo ya.

    Ingero: umuntu mugufiya, amazi makeya.

    Igicumbi –niya, gishobora kugira impinduranteko nyinshi

    Ingero: -nuya, -nzinya, -niniya, -nunuya, -nziginya, -nzunyu, -nzugurunya

    - Igiti kinzugurunya.

    - Udushaza tunzugunya

    5. UMUMARO WA NTERA.

    Ntera igira umumaro w’imfutuzi y’izina igaragiye.

    Ingero: Umuhungu muremure.

    Ntera idasanishije igira igicumbi cya ntera ariko indangasano yayo ntiyisanisha
    n’indanganteko y’izina bijyanye.
    Ingero: - Nta mubyeyi gito ubaho.

    -Sinkunda ibigori gusa.

    Uturemajambo n’amategeko y’igenamajwi muri ntera

    - Abantu benshi : ba-inshi (ba=RS, -inshi=C)

    a+i=e (itegeko)

    -Umukobwa mugufi : mu-gufi (mu=RS, gufi=C)

    Nta tegeko.

    -umuyobozi mwiza : mu-iza (mu=RS, iza=C)

    u→w/j (itegeko)

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