Julius Caesar

Julius Caesar
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Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar was a general in the
Roman army who eventually became ruler
of the Roman Empire. He was also a poet.
Although he lived nearly two thousand
years ago, many of our sayings come
from the life of Julius Caesar. Even our
calendar is derived from the one he
invented!
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Julius Caesar’s Early Life
Julius Caesar was born in Subura, Rome on 13th July 100 BC. He was born into an important
Roman family known as the Julian Clan. The Julian Clan could trace their family right back to
the origins of Rome.
When Julius Caesar was 16 years old, his father died and he became the head of the family.
Rome Do you know any 16 year-olds?

Do you think they’d do a good job as the
head of an important family?
Talk about it
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Kidnapped!
In 75 BC, Caesar was kidnapped by pirates in the
Mediterranean Sea.
When they told him they would be asking for a ransom

of 20 talents, Caesar burst out laughing and suggested
they ask for 50!
Caesar was a hostage for 38 days. During his time in captivity,
he joined in all the pirates’ games and activities and read them his poetry.
After the ransom had been paid and Caesar had been freed, he immediately set
sail after the pirates and captured them. He put the pirates in prison and took all
their treasure.
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Military Leader
Caesar's uncle,
He quickly rose Gaius
through theMarius,
ranks andwas involved in
a war with
became another
a general. Hisleader
militaryLucius
tactics Cornelius
Sulla. Sulla
meant that thedefeated
Roman EmpireGaiusspread
Marius and
through much
became of France,
leader of Rome.Germany and the
To avoid
Spain.
political tension, Julius Caesar joined
the
In 55Roman army
BC, Caesar and left
defeated Rome.
a Germanic
tribe. He had a huge bridge built for
him and his army to cross the Rhine
river. The tribe was defeated, Caesar
and his army crossed back over the
bridge and then Caesar had the bridge
destroyed.
By 52 BC, Caesar had conquered all of France.

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Civil War
Following his military successes, Caesar returned
to Rome to run again for a political position.
However, Caesar angered the Senate (the rulers of
Rome) by bringing his army with him. This was
against the rules as Caesar was supposed to break
up his army before entering the city. Caesar was
labelled a traitor.
For the next 18 months, Caesar fought a war

against Pompey the Great, another Roman leader,
for control of Rome.
Did you know…? Pompey the Great was married to Caesar’s daughter, Julia!
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Cleopatra
While
Losingin the
Egypt, Caesar
war, began
Pompey a political
fled to Egypt. Caesar
and romantic relationship with Cleopatra,
pursued Pompey to Egypt, where the
the Pharoah’s sister. Caesar’s army
Pharoah had Pompey
fought to make Cleopatra killed.
ruler of Egypt
instead of her brother while Cleopatra
used her great wealth to fund Caesar’s
army.
Cleopatra later had a son whom she

named Caesarion. Most historians think
Caesar was his father.
The Pharoah, Ptolemy VIII, gave Pompey’s severed head to

Caesar as a gift! Did you know…?
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Ruler of Rome
Caesar returned to Rome in 46 BC.
He made himself consul and dictator
of Rome.
During his rule, Caesar made many

reforms to Rome. He ordered a census,
had many public buildings erected
and passed a law to give land to
people who had served in the Roman
army.
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The Julian Calendar
There are 365 days in a year plus an extra day every leap year, yes? Well until Caesar’s
reform of the calendar, the answer was actually no.
Prior to the introduction of what became known as the Julian calendar, there were 355 normal
days in the Roman year and then an extra month whose length changed each year.
Caesar’s calendar is almost identical

to the one we use today.
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Caesar’s Death
Before Caesar took power, Rome had been a republic. This meant it was ruled by
a group of elected leaders with no leader being in power for life.
In February 44 BC, Caesar was appointed dictator of Rome for life. Unbeknown to
him, many senators were unhappy with this.
They were concerned that Caesar would
close the senate and declare himself King
of Rome. Lead by Cassius and Brutus, the
senators devised a plot to assassinate
Caesar at the senate.
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Caesar’s Death
On 13th March 44 BC (known in the Julian Calendar as
the ‘Ides of March), Caesar attended the senate.
His wife Calpurnia had warned Caesar not to go as she

had dreamt that something bad was going to happen.
Have you ever had a dream that came true? Talk about it
On his arrival at the senate, Caesar was attacked by over 60 senators. When he
saw his supposed good friend Brutus among the attackers, legend has it that he
said, ‘You too, my son?’. Caesar then died. Facebook.com/TheMyanmarTeacher
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Sayings
Many modern day sayings come from the life of Julius Caesar:
• ‘Crossing the Rubicon’ – When Caesar went against the senate and brought his army to
Rome, he had to cross the Rubicon river. We now use this phrase to mean when someone
has made a major decision or taken action that they can’t ever go back on.
• ‘Et tu, Brute?’ – This is actually from a play that Shakespeare wrote about Julius Caesar. In
the play, when Caesar sees his friend Brutus coming towards him to kill him, Caesar says
these words. This phrase is used to signify that someone has betrayed a friend.
• ‘Beware the Ides of March’ – This phrase is also in Shakespeare’s play and it is spoken by
a fortune teller to Caesar. People sometimes use it to refer to something being bad luck.
• ‘I came, I saw, I conquered’ – Caesar wrote this in a letter to the senate after his victory in
the Battle of Zela in 47 BC. People use it today to describe any type of success.
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Glossary
assassinate – To murder a political figure.
consul – The highest political position in Rome.
dictator – A ruler with complete power over a

country. Once in power, a dictator will try to
remain in control by banning elections and
trying to get rid of political opponents.
talents – The currency used during the

Roman Empire.
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Glossary
Defeat
1. VERB
If you defeat someone, you win a victory over them in a battle, game, or
contest.
His guerrillas defeated the colonial army in 1954. [VERB noun]
The NHL Stanley Cup was won by the Montreal Canadians, who defeated the
Boston Bruins four games to one. [VERB noun]
Synonyms: beat, crush, overwhelm, conquer
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Julius Caesar

Rome Do you know any 16 year-olds?

When they told him they would be asking for a ransom

By 52 BC, Caesar had conquered all of France.

For the next 18 months, Caesar fought a war

Cleopatra later had a son whom she

The Pharoah, Ptolemy VIII, gave Pompey’s severed head to

During his rule, Caesar made many

Caesar’s calendar is almost identical

His wife Calpurnia had warned Caesar not to go as she

consul – The highest political position in Rome.

dictator – A ruler with complete power over a

talents – The currency used during the

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